ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1924 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1924 IN TWO PARTS PART I WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1924 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1924 1 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, VWashington, October 3, 1924. Subject: Annual Report. To: The Secretary of War. I present for your information the following report upon the river and harbor improvement work under charge of the Corps of Engi- neers for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS The policy of improving the rivers and harbors of the United States under Federal direction and with Federal funds was inaugu- rated by Congress about 1824. The work has been practically con- tinuous since that time and has been executed principally under the direction of the Corps of Engineers. The program now in force contemplates the improvement of the more important rivers and harbors of continental United States and of the more important harbors of Porto Rico, Alaska, and the Ha.- waiian Islands. The number of works in hand at the beginning of the fiscal year was as follows: Number of harbors under improverhent, 200. Number of rivers under improvement, 291. Number of canals and other waterways under improvement, 53. The total amount expended on the work for the year was $62,024,798.62. The commerce reported amounted in the aggregate to 442,097,328 tons, valued at $19,171,940,841, and the transportation of 334,483,522 passengers. Appropiiriations.- The funds with which the works for the im- provement of rivers and harbors were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from thet appropriations made by river and harbor acts, and from such appropriations as have been provided by other general acts and by special acts of Congress. The following works are provided for by permanent appropria- tions: Removing sunken vessels; operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries; removing obstructions in Mississippi River; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River; maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River: oper- ating snag boats on Ohio River; operating and care of canals, etc.; 4 REPORT OF GRIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 support and maintenance of the Permanent International Associa- tion of the Congresses of Navigation. Appropriations for rivers and harbors during fiscal year 1924: War Department appropriation act of June 7, 1924- Flood control, Mississippi River__. $10, 000, 000. 00 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif____----------------------------- 500, 000. 00 Maintenance and improvement of ex- isting river and harbor works___ 37, 250, 000. 00 Examinations, surveys and contin- gencies of rivers and harbors ____ 350, 000. 00 $48, 100, 000. 00 Deficiency act, Apr. 2, 1924_____- 3, 386. 79 Permanent annual appropriations_ 297, 600. 00 48, 400, 986. 79 Indefinite appropriations (warrants issued during fiscal year 1924) : Operating and care of canals, etc--. $5, 162, 029. 99 Removing sunken vessels, etc---- . - -__ 224, 415. 35 5, 386, 445. 34 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors (1922) ___ 55. 33 Special fund (credits to account from licenses under Federal water power act June 10, 1920, sec. 17) : Maintenance and operation of dams and other improve- ments to navigable waters____ _____ 23, 121. 72 Related works: Expenses of California D6bris Commis- sion -------------------------------- $14, 950. 00 Prevention of deposits, New York Harbor (deficiency act Apr. 2, 1924) --------- 122. 40 151 072 40 Total - - ------------ 53, 825, 681. 58 Total appropriations for rivers and harbors from report for 1923--------------------------------------------- 1,201, 1, 566, 845. 95 Grand total---------------------------------- 1, 255, 392, 527. 53 The foregoing statement does not include appropriations for Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala., as follows: Total appropriations to June 30, 1923-- - $32, 258, 410. 42 War Department appropriation act of June 7, 1924 _-------------------- ----- 7, 000, 000.00 $39, 258, 410. 42 Expenditures.--The total amount actually expended under the di- rection of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the improve- ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, is as follows: Improvement of rivers and harbors (general) : New work-------------------__--------------------- $33, 032, 582.61 Maintenance_ -------------------------------------- 15. 665,, 267. 92 Total _-------------------------------------------- 48, 697, 850. 53 Improvement of Mississippi River under Misissssippi River Commission : New work -- ------- ---------------------------- 4, 858, 207. 47 Maintenance__ _- _ _ -- __._.-- -_._. 1,548, 572. 49 Total-------------------------- 6,406,779.96 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS Improvement of Sacramento River under California Debris Commission (flood control) : New work --------------------------------------------- $750, 790. 27 Total: New work --------------------------------------- 38, 641, 580. 35 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 17, 213, 840. 41 Aggregate ------------------------------------- 55, 855, 420. 76 Examinations surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors_ 343, 986. 76 Removing sunken vessels ----------------------------------- __ 164, 580. 84 Operating and care of canals_____________________-_______ 5, 109, 341. 36 Operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and. tributaries__________-_____-___________ 18, 286. 41 Removing obstructions in Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Old Rivers --------------------------------------------------- 107, 612. 98 Examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River___ 10, 905. 57 Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries-_ 9, 462. 50 Maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River _____- 100, 005. 71 Operating snag boats on the Ohio River ------------------ _ 43, 406. 83 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navi- gation --------------------------------------------------- 2, 568. 07 Prevention of deposits in New York Harbor------------------ 153, 094. 44 California Debris Commission_________ ______ -_________ 15, 127. 86 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors________________ 114. 50 Increase of compensation, War Department (allotted to rivers and harbors, 1923 and prior years) _____________-____-___ 90, 884. 03 Total expenditures from Government funds (river and harbor works) ----------------------------- 62, 024, 798. 62 INoTE.-Additional expenditures made by the Mississippi River Commission are included in the amount stated for: Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries- 9, 112. 50 Increase of compensation, War Department (allotted to rivers and harbors) ------------ ____ - 8, 564.43 17, 676. 93 The foregoing statement of expenditures from river and harbor funds does not include expenditures made by the Engineer Depart- ment from appropriation for the following: Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala ____________ ___________ $11, 191, 379. 35 Expenditures have also been made from funds contributed by States, municipalities, and private parties for improvements, as follows: NewWork Maintenance Total 1 - i--- Beverly Harbor, Mass.................................... $41, 307. 21 $41, 307. 21 Rouge River, Mich. 20, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 Galveston Channel, Tex., seawall extension.................. 28, 074. 68 28, 074. 68 Houston Ship Channel, Tex................................ 352. 76 352. 76 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex-_ _------ - ..... - 65, 484. 38 65, 484. 38 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii- ......................... .. 265. 81 265. 81 Nome Harbor, AlaAka -.. $2, 488. 50 2, 488. 50 Missouri River at Kansas City, Mo ......................... 24, 416. 09 24, 416. 09 Missouri River at Mandan, N. Dak ..... 17, 634. 83 17, 634. 83 Missouri River at Cannon Ball, N. Dak._ - - 4, 772. 83 4, 772. 83 White River at Augusta Narrows, Ark .. . ................ 7. 49 7.49 Gulfport Harbor, Miss .-...... - ...... . . ..---- 8, 418.51 19, 643. 22 28, 061.73 Waterway from Mississippi River to Sabine River, La., and Tex.-------------.---------- --- --... 107, 240. 22 107, 240. 22 Delaware River at Camden, N. J ____-.--_--_ ......... 14, 513. 96 14, 513. 96 Coquille River, Oreg....... __ ____-_ __------------ 9, 923. 08 9, 923. 08 Mississippi River near Little Rock Landing, Mo------------ 87, 171. 69 22, 828. 31 110, 000. 00 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Newdork Maintenance Total Richmond Harbor, Calif___........___________________..... $98, 171. 90 .-------------- $98, 171. 90 .. Crescent City Harbor, Calif___.. ____________________________ 2, 614. 42 -------------- 2, 614. 42 Noyo River, Calif .----.........-------------------------------- 7, 179. 86 ------------- 7, 179. 86 Willapa River and Harbor, Wash .. _-------------------- 9, 833. 74 -------------- 9, 833. 74 ._.__ Total_---___- .... __--__ -- ____ _---_ -__ -______ 547, 375. 97 $44, 967. 52 592, 343. 49 Under Mississippi River Commission: Improvement of Mississippi River __ -___-____-_____._229, 100. 42 236, 543. 02 465, 643. 44 Flood control, Mississippi River .-.---------------- 1, 286, 414. 79 11, 150. 01 1, 297, 564. 80 Total ___. .......... .__..........___ ___ . _1, 515, 515. 21 247, 693. 03 1, 763, 208. 24 Under California Debris Commission: Sacramento and Feather River, Calif _________________. . .______________ 6, 737. 61 6, 737. 61 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif .---------------- 750, 782. 76 _ _ 750, 782. 76 - Total .__ . .... ________ ___.______.__ .. . 750, 782. 76 6, 737. 61 757, 520. 37 Grand total of contributed funds-__--_ -- _ -... -_13, 673. 94 299, 398. 16 3, 113, 072. 10 The War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923, made a lump-sum appropriation of $56,589,910 for river and harbor improvements throughout the country. Certain allotments, amount- ing to $45,524,410 were made from this appropriation and reported in the Annual Report for 1923, leaving an unallotted balance of $11,065,500. In addition certain sums previously allotted have been withdrawn and reallotted as follows: Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1923-__---- $11, 065, 500 Amounts withdrawn for reallotment elsewhere ________________ 695, 150 11, 760, 650 Allotted to- Umpqua River, Oreg-------------------- - $61, 500 Cedar Bayou, Tex----------------------------- 5, 000 Caloosahatchee River, Fla_____________-___ 7, 500 Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa_____ 300, 000 Seagoing hopper dredges----------------------100, 000 St. Marys River, Mich---------------- 70, 000 Tuckerton Creek, N. J- 000 -6, 6--------------- Huntington Harbor, N. Y_----- --------- 14, 500 Ohio River (general improvement) -------------- 200, 000 Ohio River (lock and dam construction) --------- 4,000, 000 Snake River, Idaho, Wash., and Oreg------------ 2, 000 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis ____________--_______ 120, 000 New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y-__---- ---------- 35, 000 Channel from Galveston Harbor to Texas City ___ 60, 000 'Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn_ -------------------------- 510, 000 Locklies Creek, Va--- , 000 8-------------------------- Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, N. C ------------------ 600 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River_______________ 100, 000 Cape Fear River at and below Wilmington, N. C___ 130, 000 Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, N. J. 155, 000 Waterway between Charleston and Winyah Bay_._ 30, 000 Kennebec River, Me________--------------------- 1, 000 Kahului Harbor, Hawaii------------------------ 2, 000 Great Peedee River, S. C--___-------------------- 6, 200 Nome Harbor, Alaska_______---- -------------- 10, 000 Miami Harbor, Fla--------------------------- 15, 000 Pawcatuck River, R. I. and Conn __---------------- 25, 000 Houston Ship Channel, Tex-------- - 275, 000 Hudson River Channel, N. Y---------------- 365, 000 Westchester Creek, N. Y ----------------------- 35, 500 East River, N. -- ----------------------- 2, 419, 800 RIVER AND HARBOR, IMPROVEMENTS Allotted to-Continued. Mattituck Harbor, N. Y --------------------- _- $900 Tennessee River, survey of__------------------ 100, 000 Bronx River, N. Y----------- ------------------ 50, 000 Osage River, Mo-------------------------------- 6, 500 Waterway, Beaufort, S. C. to St. Johns River, Fla__ 16, 000 Cumberland River above Nashville, Tenn ------ 50, 000 Thimble Shoal Channel, Va------------------ 75, 000 Absecon Inlet, N. J___------------------------------ 148, 000 Bayou Teche, La-------------------------------- 25, 000 Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, La____________ 4, 000 East Chester Creek, N. Y------------------ 3, 500 Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn ______________ 4, 000 Willamette Slough, Oreg------------------------ 23, 000 San Francisco Harbor, Calif ___---- 300, 000 White River, Ark---------------------------------- 2, 300 Black River, Ark. and Mo_------------------------ 400 Current River, Ark----------------------- 300 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the Ocean____ 130, 000 Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington --------- 30, 000 Northeast (Cape Fear) River, N. C_.... -___ 5, 000 Black River, N. C---------------- 5---------------- , 000 Plymouth Harbor, Mass___..__._____-___._____. 3, 000 Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii___ _________________ 110, 000 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn____-_______.. .__..__- 35, 000 New Bedford and Fairhaven Harbors, Mass------- 1, 000 Winyah Bay, S. C_______---_______ ___---- 5, 000 Oklawaha River, Fla---------------------------- 60, 000 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass---- _______ - -_______ 55, 000 Sarasota Bay, Fla____________.________________ 5, 000 Channel from Brazos River to Matagorda Bay, Tex- 2, 000 Barataria Bay, La _... ._______-______-__ - 4, 000 Freeport Harbor, Tex________________________ 15, 000 Humboldt Harbor and Bay, Calif----------------- 700, 000 Sacramento River, Calif______________________ 20, 000 Seagoing hopper dredges------------------------- 80, 000 Grand Marais Harbor, Minn--------------------- 6, 000 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn ------------------------- 2, 000 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis ----------- Port Wing Harbor, Wis-------------------------__ 35, 000 4, 000 Ashland Harbor, Wis---------------------------- 10, 000 Keweenaw Waterway, Mich______________________ 22, 000 Marquette Harbor, Mich_________________________ 6, 000 Grand Marais Harbor of Refuge, Mich------------ 10, 000 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y_______________________ 20, 000 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio_________________________ 230, 000 Saugatuck Harbor and Kalamazoo River, Mich___ 1, 250 White Lake Harbor, Mich------------------------ 5, 000 Potomac River below Washington, D. C------------4,400 Ontonagon Harbor, Mich------------------------- 1, 500 New York Harbor, N. Y -------------------------- _ 250, 000 $11, 760, 650 The War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924, contained the following provisions: That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and for other pur- poses, namely: RIVERS AND HARBORS To be immediately available and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers: For the preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works, and for the prosecution of such projects heretofore authorized as may be most desirable in the interests of commerce and navigation; for survey of Northern 10710---ENG 1924-2 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and Northwestern Lakes, Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and con- necting waters between the said lake and Lake Superior, Lake Champlain, and the natural navigable waters embraced in the navigation system of the New York canals, including all necessary expenses for preparing, correcting, extending, printing, binding, and issuing charts and bulletins and of investi- gating lake levels with a view to their regulation; and for the prevention of obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City, for pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office, $37,250,000. From this lump-sum appropriation the following named sums have been allotted to the localities indicated: Rockland Harbor, Me___ $15, 000 Boston Harbor, Mass _ ---------- 30, 000 Beverly Harbor, Mass ------------------------------------ 36, 000 Weymouth Fore River, Mass-- 60, 000 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass -------------- 25, 000 Providence River and Harbor, R. I------------------------------- 89, 000 Harbor of Refuge at Block Island, R. I_ ----------- 10, 000 Thames River, Conn --------------------------------------------- 47, 000 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn_ 45, 000 Housatonic River, Conn------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn ----------------------------------------- 22, 000 Norwalk Harbor, Conn---------------------------------------- 139, 000 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y---------------- --------- 15, 000 Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, N. Y ------------------------ 35, 000 Newtown Creek, N. Y - ------------ 50, 000 Rondout Harbor, N. Y------------------------------------------ 10, 000 Hudson River, N. Y ---------- -- ---- 250, 000 Burlington Harbor, Vt------------------- 45, 000 Newark Bay, Hackensack, and Passaic Rivers, N. J-------------- 350, 000 New York and New Jersey Channels---------------------------- 1, 400, 000 Woodbridge Creek, N. J----------------------------------------- 4, 200 Shoal Harbor and Compton Creek, N. J--------------------------- 10, 000 Shrewsbury River, N. J ----------------------------------------- 15, 000 Delaware River: Between Philadelphia, Pa., and Trenton, N. J------------------ 35, 000 Philadelphia to the sea - ------------ 1, 907, 500 Ice Harbor at Marcus Hook, Pa 700 Harbor of Refuge, Delaware Bay, Del________ __-___-_______- 40, 000 Cooper River, N. J ------------- 10, 000 Salem River, N J--- -------------------- 10, 000 Alloway Creek, N. J-------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Maurice River, N. J _____________-- ---- ____________ __ 7, 000 Cold Spring Inlet, N. J _____ ____----50, 000 Absecon Inlet, N. J_ 80, 000 Absecon Creek, N. J_----- ------- ---------------- _10, 000 Tuckerton Creek, N. J------- ---------------- 7, 000 Toms River, N. J--------------------------- --- ------ 10, 000 Wilmington Harbor, Del---------------------------------------- 100, 000 Inland Waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md------------------------------------------------------ 850, 000 Appoquinimink River, Del------------------- ------------------- 10, 000 St. Jones River, Del------------------------------------------- 55, 000 Baltimore Harbor and Channels, Md__ __-__- - ___------350, 000 Potomac River at Washington, D. C ----------------------------- 7, 200 Potomac River at Alexandria, Va_____VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 65, 000 Occoquan Creek, Va ------------------------------------------ 6,700 Rappahannock River, Va-------------------------------------- 17, 600 Mattaponi River, Va_ , 200 8----------------------- Pamunkey River, Va------------------------------------------- 9, 700 Norfolk Harbor, Va------------------------------------------- 157, 400 Thimble Shoal Channel, Va------------------------------------ 60, 000 Appomattox River, VaVVVV 15, 000 Inland Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C... 371, 500 Blackwater River, Va-......---------------- _- 7, 500 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 9 Meherrin River, N. C -- __-- --------------------------------------- $7,500 Roanoke River, N. C__ -------------------------- - 7, 500 Manteo (Shallowbag) Bay, N. C--------------------------------_ 5, 000 Neuse River, N. C--------------------------------------------- 9,000 Contentnea Creek, N. C 1----------------------- ,000 Trent River, N. C------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Beaufort Harbor, N. C 7, 500 Waterway connecting Core Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N. C ----- 3,500 Morehead City Harbor, N. C------------------------------------ 5, 000 Beaufort Inlet, N. C------------------------------------------- 500 Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington-------------- 300, 000 Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington- 10, 000 Northeast (Cape Fear) River, N. C----------------------------- 3, 500 Black River, N. C--------------------------------------- -------- 2, 500 Winyah Bay, S. C--------------------------- 25, 000 Waccamaw River, N. C. and S. C--------------- --------- 1------ 10, 000 Santee River and Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C__ _ 4, 000 Waterway from Charleston to Winyah Bay, S. C----------------- 17, 000 Savannah Harbor. Ga------------------------------------------ 694,000 Savannah River below Augusta, Ga------------------------------ 26, 000 Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla ...- 68,000 Satilla River, Ga_ __-------------------------- ---- 2, 000 St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla----------------------------------- 1, 500 Altamaha River, -------------------------------------------- a_ 12, 000 Oconee River, Ga _--_ 1------------------ 3, 000 Ocmulgee River, Ga----------------------------------- ----- 11, 300 Brunswick Harbor, Ga- ----------------------------------- - 43, 500 St. Johns River, Fla.: Jacksonville to the Ocean----------------------------------- 775, 250 Jacksonville to Palatka______ ------------------------- 19,300 Palatka to Lake Harney------------------------------------ 12, 000 Indian River, Fla__------------------- ------- 14, 500 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla----------------------------- 47,800 Kissimmee River, Fla------------------------------------------ 5,000 Caloosahatchee River, Fla----- ---------------- ---- 25, 000 Tampa Harbor, Fla_________------------------------ 139, 000 Removing the water hyacinth from navigable waters in the State of Florida_ ----- ------------------------------------- ------- 10, 000 Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, Fla ---------------------- 5, 000 Apalachicola Bay, Fla---------------------------- -3, 000 Flint River, Ga------------------------------------------------- 34, 000 Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala -------------------------- 185, 000 St. Andrews Bay, Fla------------------------------------------ 40, 000 Choctawhatchee River, Fla. and Ala , 000 8------------------------ Holmes River, Fla ---------------------- 3, 500 Alabama River, Ala ----------- 20, 000 Coosa River, Ga. and Ala---------------------- 5,000 Mobile Harbor, Ala 000 1-------81, Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala_____________ 25, 000 Tombigbee River, Ala., from mouth to Demopolis (maintenance of channel) ------- - -------------------- 5, 000 1---- Pascagoula Harbor, Miss----------------------- 32, 000 Gulfport Harbor and Ship Island Pass, Miss 100, 000 Pascagoula River, Miss------------------------------------------ 4, 000 Biloxi Harbor, Miss -------------------------------------------- 6, 000 Removing the water hyacinths (Mobile ,iver, Ala., tributaries)___ 3, 000 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, La--------------------------- 810, 000 South Pass Channel, Mississippi River, La. (maintenance) -------- 90, 000 Barataria Bay, La------------------ 35, 000 Bayou Plaquemine, Grand River and Pigeon Bayous, La ---------- 45, 000 Bayou Teche, La------------------------------------------------ 28, 000 Intracoastal waterway, Calcasieu River to Sabine River, La. and Tex------------------------------------------------------ 75, 000 Calcasieu River and Pass, La 25, 800 Removing the water hyacinch, La ___ 15, 000 Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex-----_,-------- _ 690, 000 Johnsons Bayou, La------ 3, 000 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Galveston Harbor, TexTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT.T..TTTTTT $168,000 Galveston Channel, Tex----------------------------------------- 300, 000 Channel from Galveston Harbor to Texas City, Tex____ _________- 140, 000 Port Bolivar Channel, Tex---------------------------.----------- 10, 000 Houston Ship Channel, Tex------------------------------------ 1,460, 000 Anahuac Channel, Tex ______________ __ __---15, 000 'Turtle Bayou, Tex ----------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Trinity River, Tex--------------------------------------------- 20, 000 Cedar Bayou, Tex .5, 000 Clear Creek, Tex ------------------------------------------------- 3, 500 Bastrop Bayou, Tex__-------------------------------------- 6,000 Freeport Harbor, Tex -------------------------------------------- 70, 000 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex _ 7, 000 Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex -------- 14, 000. 'Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi. Tex__. 750, 000 Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex--.... 3 500 Port Aransas, Tex ---------------------------------------------- 98, 000 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex---------------------------- ----------- 17, 500 Red River below Fulton, Ark -------------------------------------- 32, 000 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark, and La .......... 25, 000 Tensas River and Bayou Macon, La ------------------------------- 5, 000 Boeuf River, La ------------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Yazoo River, Miss- _ _,_-- 26, 000 Tallahatchie and Coldwater Rivers, Miss_ _________________---20, 000 Big Sunflower River, Miss_ 22, 000 Arkansas River, Ark, and Okla ---- __ --- _______---29, 800 - White River, Ark------------------------ --- 36, 800 Black River, Ark. and Mo-------------------- 15, 800 Current River. Ark, and Mo_ ------------------------------------ 3, 550 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Blackfish Bayou, Ark ..... 7, 500 Mississippi River : Between Ohio and Missouri Rivers-------------------------- 1, 000, 000 Removing snags and wrecks below mouth of Missouri River__ 17, 500 Between Missouri River and Minneapolis 1, 050, 000 Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn__ ------------ 17, 500 Minnesota River, Minn ------------------------------------------ 1, 000 Missouri River: Kansas City to the m'outh_ ,050, 000 1------------------------------ Sioux City to Fort Benton ----- -- .---. 10, 500 Osage River, Mo 7, 000 ,-------------------------- Gasconade River, Mo--------------------------------------------- 3, 000 Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky: Below Nashville --------------------------------- 66, 500 Above Nashville_ ,127, Above Nashville-------------------------------------------- 000 127, 000 Tennessee River. Tenn., Ala., and Ky.: Below Riverton_ -------------------------------- 148, 750 Above Chattanooga ------------------------------------------ 21, 000 Ohio River : Lock and dam construction--__-____--____..__..-----------___ 3,545, 400 Open channel work _________---__ -_-__ 300, 000 Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va----------------------------- 1, 400, 000 Allegheny River, Pa.: Open-channel work 3, 500 Lock and dam construction 14, 000 Grand Marais Harbor, Minn ----------------------------------- 8,000 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn - -------------- 2, 000 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis 27, 000 Port Wing Harbor. Wis------------------------------------------ 1, 500 Ashland Harbor, Wis----------------------- -------------------- 5,000 .Ontonagon Harbor, Mich___ --------------------- 1, 500 'Keweenaw Waterway, Mich ..... 131, 500 Marquette Harbor. Mich ------------------------- ------- 20, 000 Harbor of Refuge at Grand Marais, Mich__ __10, 000 Warroad Harbor and River, MinnM MMMMMMMMMMMMM 4, 000 Baudette Harbor and River, Minn..... 1, 500 Manistique Harbor, Mich_-------_ ------------- 5, 000 Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis-..-.------------- 5, 000 RIVER AND EHARBOR IMPROVEMENTS 11 Green Bay Harbor, Wis----------------------- $10, 000 Fox River, Wis_--_---------------- 135, 000, Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, Wis___------------ 15, 000 Algoma Harbor, Wis-------------------------------------------- 3, 000' Kewaunee Harbor, Wis_------------- 6., 000 Port Washington Harbor, Wis------------------------ 3, 000 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis---------------------------- 600, 000' Kenosha Harbor, Wis-----------_ ---- 3, 00'; St. Joseph Harbor, Mich------------------------------------------ 45, 000' South Haven Harbor, Mich _...... .____-- 70, 000 Holland Harbor, Mich---------------------------------------- 5, 000 Grand Haven Harbor, Mich --- ---------- , 000 6-- --------- Grand River, Mich__, 2, 500 Muskegon Harbor, Mich---------------------------------------- 6, 000 Ludington Harbor, Mich , 000 6----------------------- Manistee Harbor, Mich________________MM M__ ___MMMMMMMMM 3, 000 Frankfort Harbor, Mich__________________________ -___ - 5, 000 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich 0. 000 1------------------------- Racine Harbor, Wis__ 0, 000 1---------------- Chicago Harbor, Ill ---------------------------------------- 27. 500 Chicago River, Ill ----------------------------------------------- 12, 000 Calumet Harbor and River, Ill. and Ind------------------------- 70, 000 Indiana Harbor, Ind--------------------------------------------- 18, 000 Michigan City Harbor, Ind -------------------------------- 13, 500 Illinois River, Ill ------------------------------------------------ 80, 000 St. Marys River, Mich -------------------------------------------- 55, 000 St. Clair River, Mich. --------------------------- 66, 000 Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich 10, 000 Mackinac Harbor, Mich ------------------------------------------- 250 Cheboygan Harbor, Mich ------------------------------------------ 5, 000 Rogers City Harbor, Mich --. - - - 250 Alpena Harbor, Mich_ 5, 500 Saginaw River, Mich __________________________________ 42, 000 Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Beach, Lake Huron, Mich---------- 10, 000 Black River, Mich--------------------- --------------------------- 2, 500 Clinton River, Mich _ 250 Toledo Harbor, Ohio------------------------------------------- 40, 000 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio ----------------------------------------- 100, 000 Huron Harbor, Ohio---------------------------------------------- 12, 500 Vermilion Harbor, Ohio ------------------------------------------- 2, 000 Lorain Harbor, Ohio------------------------------------------- 19, 000 Cleveland Harbor, Ohio ------------------------------------------ 45, 000 Fairport Harbor, Ohio -------------------------------------------- 65, 000 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio------------------------------- --------- 7. 000 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio. - -------------- 47, 000 Erie Harbor, Pa ----------------------------------------------- 20., 000 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y__ 4, 500 Buffalo Harbor, N. Y 000, 4-------------------------- Niagara River, N. Y-__---------------- 3, 000 Charlotte Harbor, N. Y--------------- 20, 000 Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. _----------- 30., 000 Little Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y___________________________________ 21, 000 Oswego Harbor, N. Y_ 6-------------------------- 2, 000 Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y-------------------------------------- 500 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y--------------------------------------- 12, 000 San Francisco Harbor, Calif------------------------------------ 300, 000 Oakland Harbor, Calif_------------------------------------------ 245, 000 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif-------------------- 200, 000 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif-_ 13, 000 Petaluma Creek, Calif ------------------------------------------- 37, 000 San Rafael Creek, Calif --------- 30, 000 Crescent City Harbor, Calif --------------- 45, 000 Noyo River, Calif__ - ----------------- 500. San Joaquin River, Calif---------------- 26, 000 Sacramento River, Calif---- ------------ 180, 000 Coos Bay, Oreg---------------------______ 663, 000 Coos River, Oreg___---------- _ ---- 3, 000 12 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS) U. S. ARMY, 1924 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg -------------- $21, 000 Columbia River and tributaries above Celilo Falls to mouth of Snake River, Oreg. and Wash __ _____ _----------_ 4, 000 Snake River, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho------------------------ 10, 000 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers below Vancouver, Wash... and Portland, Oreg_ ----------------------------------------- 637, 000 Clatskanie River, Oreg---------------------------------- 6, 500 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg 18, 900 Skamokawa Creek, Wash---------------------------------------- 1, 800 Grays Harbor and bar entrance, Wash-------------------- __ --_.__ 81, 000 Grays Harbor, inner portion between Aberdeen and the entrance to said harbor and Chehalis River, Wash 000 1------------------------ 1, SeattleSetl-aroWs-------------------------------------------- Harbor, Wash_______________ 000 25, 000 23, Nome Harbor, Alaska - , 000 5----------------- Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii___________ Habor Honlul Haai---------------------------------------- 300, 000 300,1 000 Kahului Harbor, Hawaii , 400 1----------------------- San Juan Harbor, P. R-------------------------------- 120, 000 Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes 110, 000 Supervision of New York Harbor-- _175, 000 1-------------- Pay roll, Office Chief of Engineers ------------------------------- 110, 500 Hopper dredges------------------ ------------------------- 375, 000 Total 785, 100 2-------------------------------- Amount reserved for contingencies ... 7. 464, 900 37, 250, 000 The amounts that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows : For river and harbor works (general)_ __ _ $54, 183, 390 For examinations, surveys, and contingencies $350, 000 For flood control: Under Mississippi River Commission, Mississippi River and tributaries ... - 10, 00, 000 Under California Debris Commission, Sacramento River ---------------- 500, 000 For Wilson Dam. Tennessee River__-__________--- 6, 541, 590 California Debris Commission : Expenses of---------- 15, 000 Yuba River restraining barriers--- 15, 000 S 17.,421. 590 Total_______ _,_ -- __ ___-- 71, 604, 980 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS The creation of the board and the duties assigned to it under the original and subsequent acts of Congress are described in the annual report of 1923. In January, 1919, the work of the board was extended to include the designing of floating plant for use on river and harbor improve- ments, taking over the work formerly carried on in the marine de- signing section of the Office of the Chief of Engineers.. All reports of preliminary examinations and surveys submitted during the year in compliance with the provisions of river and harbor acts have been referred to the board for consideration and recommendation. In addition, a number of subjects have been pre- sented to it for report in accordance with resolutions of the Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce of the Senate. The reports rendered THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS, AND HARBORS 13 by the board from time to time in response to legislative action have been duly presented to Congress. During the year the board also gave consideration to a number of other matters referred to it by the Chief of Engineers. The work accomplished by the board during the year and the status of its operations from its organization up to the close of the fiscal year are shown by the following table: Totalr number Number cor- Number comrn- plted Number of in- pleted pledremain- Authority for investigations vestiga- at close during ing to tions of pre- year be com- ordered ordered ceding ending pleted fiscal June 30, year 1924 River and harbor and flood control acts --------------------- Concurrent resolutions of Congress...---------------------------- 2, 203 1 2, 033 1 68 102 Senate resolutions__ _- 1 1 - - - Resolutions of congressional committees__-----------------_ ------ 201 179 6 16 M1iscellaneous cases referred by the Chief of Engineers......---------- 77 75 2-... Total ......-------------- ---- .. .... .. ...---------------------------- 2,483 2, 289 76 11.8 Number of hearings given at the office of the board during the year-------------------------------------------------- 32 Expenses of the board during the year----------------------- $110,467.68 Estimated cost of projects recommended by the board from its organization to June 30, 1924___ $476,905,839.21 Estimated cost of projects adopted by Congress $---------------392,422,3 Section 500 of the transportation act of February 28, 1920, entrusts to the War Department certain duties with the object of promoting, encouraging, and developing inland waterway transportation facili- ties. Section 8 of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, author- izes the Shipping Board, in cooperation with the Secretary of War, to make investigations similar to those authorized by the transporta- tion act above referred to. Under these acts the board has been assigned the duties of in- vestigating water terminals; advising local authorities relative to the location and planning of water terminals; and compiling, pub- lishing, and distributing useful statistics, data, and information con- cerning transportation on inland waterways. To avoid duplica- tion of work, a suitable method of cooperation with the Shipping Board has been devised for carrying out these duties. In 1919 the board took over the work and part of the personnel of the Port Facil- ities Commission of the Shipping Board. It was later agreed that the board would handle investigations ordered by the merchant marine and transportation acts in the joint interests of the War Department and the Shipping Board. Since the early part of 1922 five employees on the rolls of the Shipping Board have been placed at the disposal of the board to assist in this work. Advice and assistance have been given to various ports at their request, principally by mail or by visit of the local authorities to this office. Special visits have been made to several ports, notably Los Angeles and Stockton, Calif., Savannah, Ga., and Oswego, N.Y. 14 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Substantial progress has been made in the preparation of the series of reports on the principal ports of the United States, designed to further the interests of importers, exporters, ship operators, and others concerned in the movement of goods through our ports. Re- ports on Portland, Me., Boston, Mass., Mobile, Ala., and Pensacola, Fla., Philadelphia, Pa., including Chester, Pa., Camden, N. J., and Wilmington, Del., and New Orleans, La., have been completed and published, and have been the subject of great interest and favorable criticism from many quarters. During the year efforts were con- centrated upon the advancement of the entire program, including in all about 73 ports. Some progress has been made on 62 ports. Re- ports on the following 28 ports have been wholly completed by this office, with the assistance of the district engineers, and they will be available for distribution to the public as soon as they are printed: Galveston, Houston, and Texas City, Tex.; Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, Bellingham and Grays Harbor, Wash.; Savannah and Brunswick, Ga.; Jacksonville, Fernandina, Miami, Key West, Tampa, and South Boca Grande, Fla.; Portland and Astoria, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash.; Los Angeles, San Diego and San Luis Obispo, Calif; Port Arthur, Sabine, Beaumont and Orange, Tex.; and Pascagoula and Gulfport, Miss. As the first important step in securing the desired uniformity in commercial statistics, the statistics for the calendar year 1919 were published as a separate volume of the annual report for 1920. The statistics for the calendar years 1920, 1921, and 1922 have been simi- larly published, and the work of preparing such a volume for the year 1923 was well in hand at the close of the year. Statistics were compiled for the port reports on Charleston, S. C.; Wilmington, N. C.; Savannah and Brunswick, Ga.; San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Los Angeles, San Diego and San Luis Obispo, Calif.; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and New- port News, Va.; Pascagoula and Gulfport, Miss., and Baltimore, Md. Similar statistics are in progress for other ports of the Port Series. A table showing the dry dock facilities available at ports of the; United States was revised and brought down to date. A special report was submitted to the Shipping Board on the facts developed by investigation of the Port of Seattle, where it it was alleged that switching rates and practices of rail carriers; exercised a restrictive effect upon the development of waterborne traffic. A report on the existing status of water transportation upon our inland waterways, authorized by section 500 of the transporta- tion act, is under preparation. The report on Shore Control and Port Administration was completed during the previous fiscal year, and printed and distributed during this year. This report consists, partly of a study of the legal phases of port control, and of the ownership of riparian property, which was made available to the board; to this has been added information on the organization and duties of port administrative bodies, compiled from data obtained from district engineers. Reference was made in prior annual reports to requests made by the War Department and the Shipping Board that the Inter- state Commerce Commission investigate terminal conditions at South Atlantic and Gulf :ports, with a:view to ascertaining the RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT' 15 extent and effects of railroad monopoly of terminals. No decision had been rendered by the commission at the close of the year. Miscellaneous studies were made in connection with the subjects pending before the board, and in response to specific calls, and tables, graphs and maps prepared as necessary in connection there- with. At the end of the fiscal year the board was composed of the following members: Col. IHI.C. Newcomer, Col. Spencer Cosby, Col. J. C. Oakes, Col. F. C. Boggs, Lieut. Col. J. R. Slattery, and Maj. G. R. Young. The changes of membership were: June 19, 1924, Brig. Gen. H. Taylor was appointed Chief of Engineers. July 2, 1924, Brig. Gen. Edgar Jadwin was detailed. Status of works.-Statements derived from the reports of the of- ficers in charge of the various works and given herein set forth the condition of each improvement and the extent of the work per- formed during the past fiscal year. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT This district includes the States of Maine and New Hampshire, and eastern Massachusetts from- the New Hampshire State line to Chatham, at the southeast point of Cape Cod. District engineer: Lieut. Col. Wildurr Willing, Corps of En- gineers, to August 20, 1923; Maj. Stuart C. Godfrey, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Henry C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page I Page 1. St. Croix River, Me ....... 15 13. Mystic River, Mass. (A5)___ 49 2. Bar Harbor, Me ------------ 18 14. Malden River, Mass. (A6)__ 52 3. Rockland Harbor, Me ------ 19 1.5. Dorchester Bay and Nepon- 4. Kennebec River, Me 22 set River, Mass. (A7T)... 52 5. Portland Harbor, Me ....... 24 16. Weymouth Fore River, Mass. 6. Saco River, Me------------- 28 (AS) ___------------------ 53 7. Merrimack River, Mass .... 30 17. Weymouth Back River, Mass. 8. Boston Harbor, Mass ...... 33 (A9)---------------- 57 9. Gloucester Harbor, Mass. 18. Plymouth Harbor, M as s. (Al) -------------------- 42 (A10)-------------------58 10. Beverly Harbor, Mass. (A2)_ 42 19. Provincetown Harbor, Mass. 11. Salem Harbor, Mass. (A3)- 46 (All) ------------------- 62 12. Lynn Harbor, Mass. (A4) __ 46 1. ST. CROIX RIVER, ME. Location and description.-This river has its source in a series of lakes in eastern Maine, flows in a southeasterly direction for about 100 miles, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The drainage area is about 1,630 square miles. The mean discharge at Sprague Falls, about 5 miles above Calais, as measured in 1903 was 3,131 second- feet. The stream is tidal to Calais, about 14 miles above the mouth. The width ranges from 900 feet at Calais to about 1 mile at the mouth. The stream forms a part of the international boundary. (See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 801.) 16 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Original condition.The river was and is used for logging and power above Calais, which is at the head of general navigation. At Calais the depth at mean low tide was little more than 3 feet, with width varying from 180 to 500 feet. Previous projects.-The first project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. Work was authorized also by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, and September 19, 1890. The total amount expended was $5,000, of which $1,000 was for new work and $4,000 for maintenance. The existing project be- gan in 1910. For further details of previous projects see page 1731 of Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel beginning at the 12-foot contour at Hills Point, about 3.5 miles below the head of navigation at Calais, and extending upstream 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to the lower steamboat wharf at Calais, thence 9 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the public landing at St. Stephen, New Bruns- wick, and thence 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the upper steam- boat wharf at Calais; and for three piers at the ledge 3.5 miles below Calais. The project depths refer to mean low water. The tidal range is from 17.6 feet to 23 feet; the mean range is 20 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $234,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the repair of the piers previously built by the Lighthouse Establishment (H. Ex. Doec. No. 27, 46th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel (H. Doc. No. 748, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1914, page 1570. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that negotiations be conddcted by the Secretary of State with a view to cooperation by the Government of Great Britain. As a result of negotiations the Canadian Government agreed to pay 10 per cent of the cost of the work upon completion, and during the fiscal year 1917 refunded the sum of $19,891.65. At the time the existing project was adopted assurances were required that the practice of dumping sawmill waste into the river would be stopped. These have been fulfilled. 'Terminal facilities.-There are 22 wharves on the commercially developed portion of the river, 21 of which are within 1 mile of the head of navigation. Fourteen of these are on the American side of the river and 8 on the Canadian side. They are, with two exceptions, timber cribs ballasted with stone, and only 3 extend beyond the low- water line. Ten of the wharves are open to public use on equal terms, and I on the Canadian side is publicly owned. Seventeen wharves have physical connection with railroads. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce, though they would not be suited to modern transportation methods by large carriers. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of isprovement.-The work has given 9 feet at mean low tide where before there was 3 feet or less. The large lumber business RIVERS AND IIARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 17 which was formerly reflected in the tonnage of this stream is now practically at an end. The movement of pulpwood has been de- veloping, but is not yet extensive. The handling of coal has been facilitated by the increased depth, and lately there has been a re- sumption of local traffic, which was almost discontinued during the war. There is a disposition to use lighter vessels of the motor type instead of the small steamers formerly employed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $60.61 was expended, charged to mainten'ance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. In 1856 three piers were built to prevent vessels being thrown on a ledge about 3.5 miles below Calais. These fell into disrepair and were rebuilt in 1881. Dredging at and below Calais was completed in 1916, at which time the controlling depths were 12 feet at mean low tide up to the lower steamboat wharf at Calais 'and 9 feet thence to the upper steamboat wharf. A survey by the Department of Public Works, Canada, in 1923, indicated that the depth in the upper section had been maintained. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $199,441.46 for new work and $2,450.19 for maintenance, a total of $201,891.65. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, as latest available in- formation indicates that the dredged chanineis have maintained themselves and that no additiona~l work is necessary. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics. The tonnage for 1923 has declined, but a sharp rise in value is shown. The class of commodities has changed and more complete records of the class giving these high values were obtained this year. Coal comprised 47 per cent, pulpwood 8 per cent, and unclassified 28 per cent of the total tonnage. The high value of the unclassified commodities has greatly increased the total value. The dredging has given 12 feet at mean low tide as far up as the lower steamboat wharf at Calais. Thence to the head of navigation there is 9 feet, but as the mean range of tide is about 20 feet, there is greater depth for most of the time. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919---------- 17, 806 $340, 779 (1) 1922-----------45, 416 $578, 571 (1) 1920 . 15, 214 348, 698 (1) 1923 _ .... . 36, 376 2, 833, 714 25, 300 1921 21, 412 621, 815 (1) 1 No statistics available. Financial swrnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work----------- ---------------------------- $200, 441. 46 Maintenance 450. 19 6,---------------------------- Net total expended -------------------------------------- 206, 891. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 206, 891. 65 18 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---------------------------- Expended for maintenance $1. 15 -------------- $296. 54 $1, 584. 59 $60. 61 Appropriated or allotted-...... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_____________________________ $60. 61 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance __ 60. 61 2. BAR HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the eastern shore of Mount Desert Island, on the coast of Maine, about 150 miles by water northeast of Portland, Me., and about 50 miles east from the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The anchorage, which is about 4,000 feet by about 5,000 feet, depends for protection upon Porcupine Island, supplemented by the breakwater. See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 1106. Original condition.-The anchorage and wharves at Bar Harbor were exposed to the seas from the south. The main portion of the breakwater was built in water approximating 50 feet in depth, and the greater part of the area to be protected had natural depths rang- ing from 20 to 80 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater from Porcupine Island to Dry Ledge and thence in a direct line to within about 600 feet of the low-water line on Mount Desert Island, the top of the breakwater to be at level of mean high tide and 20 feet wide. The breakwater is to be about 2,500 feet in length and is for protection of the anchorage and landings. The mean tidal range is 10.5 feet and the extreme 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1893, is $420,200. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 481). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 576. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are six principal wharves and a num- ber of landings for small boats. The wharves in general are wooden platforms on wooden piles. Five of the principal wharves are available for public use. Facilities are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce. There is no railroad at Bar Harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit of the improvement consists in protecting the wharves at Bar Harbor and the anchorage area, which is extensively used by costly pleasure craft. This protection is proving of decided benefit not only to the anchorage but to the rail- road ferry steamers, which connect with the Maine Central Rail- road. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expense, repair of floating plant, supervision and inspection $3,240.42 was expended, charged to new work. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BOSTON, 1IASS., DISTRICT 19 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The breakwater has been extended to its full projected length but is not to full section throughout: Probably 15,000 tons of stone will be needed to complete it. Practi- cally the full measure of protection has now been secured. The total expenditures have been $406,057.43, all for new work. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed during the fiscal year 1925, and no additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1926, as the breakwater in its present condition appears to satis- factorily accomplish the purpose for which it was built. The unex- pended balance will be sufficient to provide for supervision until it is ,decided to complete the work should such action be regarded as necessary. Commercial statistics.-The protected area ranges in depth from 60 feet at mean low tide to about 10 feet at the wharves. The com- merce consists of fuel and the miscellaneous merchandise constituting the supply of a fashionable summer resort. Coal comprised 43 per cent, wood 23 per cent, grain and flour 6 per cent, and general merchandise 15 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement 'Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919---------- 20, 648 $1, 710, 083 68, 891 1922---------- 18, 903 $1, 598, 735 139, 842 1920 23,954 1,379,751 51, 687 1923---------- 24,585 1,264,407 142, 413 1921 30, 556 1, 821, 719 I 45, 677 1Complete passenger record not obtainable. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ______________________________-__ - -- $406, 057. 43 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report _________________ 406, 591. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work $1, 060. 00 $178. 25 $1,254. 01 $842. 49 $3, 240. 42 Expended for maintenance--------------------- Appropriated or allotted . - ------------------.--- - July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- $3, 774. 11 (June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 3, 240. 42 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended __________________________ 533. 69 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__ 225. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available-------------------------------- 308. 69 3. ROCKLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, near its mouth, and about 80 miles northeast of Port- Jand by water. It is a natural indentation of the coapt line, about 10,000 feet in one direction and about 7,000 feet in the other. Pro- 20 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tection from the east is afforded by a breakwater extending from the northerly shore about halfway across the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-The depth at the entrance was and is about 50 feet at mean low tide. Within the harbor, much of which is shoal, the depth ranges from 6 to 30 feet. Before improvement the wharf front, on the westerly side of the harbor, was exposed to heavy seas during easterly gales; there were two groups of dangerous ledges in the anchorage; and the greater part of the wharf front was bare at low tide. The entrance had a width of about 9,000 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project. This provides for a riprap breakwater extend- ing about 4,346 feet southerly from Jameson Point, on the north side of the entrance; dredging the inner harbor in the vicinity of the wharves to depths ranging from 4 to 13 feet at mean low tide; and removing two groups of ledges, one to 22 feet and the other to 14 feet at mean low tide. The mean tidal range is 9.7 feet; the ex- treme 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, is $1,036,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the breakwater (Annual Reports for 1881, p. 466, and for 1890, p. 439) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the dredging in the vicinity of the wharves and for removal of the ledges (TI. Doc. No. 85, 54th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned docu- ment. Recomfnme.ded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 'ernminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves, of which 7 are open to public use. Seven wharves have railroad connection. Two are bare at low tide, 6 have 6 feet or less, and 8 have from 8 to 16 feet. The types of construction are timber cribs filled with stone or earth, or solid fills faced with granite walls. Some have wooden-pile addi- tions. Granite and to some extent coal are handled by mechanical equipment. About 15,000 feet of water front have been developed, but some of it to only a minor extent. As a whole, the terminal facilities are of low efficiency, but are regarded as sufficient for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefits have been the pro- tection of the wharf front and the establishment of a commodious and convenient harbor of refuge. The effect on rates has been such as would accrue through the use of larger vessels, made possible by the dredging. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $2.20 was expended, charged to maintenance. -Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The dredging and ledge excavation were completed in the calendar year 1901 and the breakwater in 1904. The latter is in good condition, except for some storm damage to the riprap slope on the eastern side. Vessels drawing not more than 13 feet RIVERS AND IHARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT' 21 can reach the steamboat wharf at low tide. At the other wharves there is only about 6 feet. The depth gradually increases from about 14 feet near the steamboat wharf to about 50 feet near the outer end of the breakwater. The total expenditures have been $915,862.73 for new work and $9,637.27 for maintenance, a total of $925,500. Proposed operations.-There has been storm damage to the ex- terior slopes of the breakwater, which has been progressing for sev- eral years and should be repaired before serious damage occurs to the structure. It is proposed to apply the available funds to this work, which will involve about 6,000 tons of stone to be placed in repair of the exterior slopes. It is expected that this work of repair can be completed by the close of the present working season. No other work is proposed and no additional funds are requested. Commercial statistics.-The chief items are coal, oil, and building materials. The average loaded draft of vessels trading at Rock- land is 14 feet. Coal, 83,953 tons, valued at $594,581, comprised 47 per cent; oil, 16,018 tons, valued at $634,680, comprised 9 per cent; cement and lime, 49,311 tons, valued at $1,033,278, comprised 27 per cent of the tonnage. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1919.---------- 128,794 $5, 226,754 73,164 1922 .---------- 181, 845 $5, 939, 018 159, 366 1920 -- . 2 54, 244 3, 687, 696 60, 768 1923 ---------- 179, 214 5, 911, 779 1 60, 297 1921---------- 2 109, 421 5, 774, 558 68, 443 1 Does not include Eastern Steamship Lines (Inc.), passengers. 2 Full returns not received. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.87: New work ----------------------------------------- $915, 862. 73 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 9, 637. 27 Net total expended .------------- 925, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report____________________ 940, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work. Expended for maintenance - 1---. -.- $685. 83 -. ----- $615. 67 8699. 89 ---$552. 28 .-----.. $2.20 Appropriated or allotted---------.....--------------..------------------- ---- 15, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales,, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__-__ $2.20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 15, 002. 20 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For mainte- nance____ ________-,_ 2. 20 July 1, 1924, balance unexpende.--------d 15, 000. 00 22 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 4. KENNEBEC RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Kennebec River drains a large number of lakes and minor streams, and flows from Moosehead Lake about 150 miles in a southerly direction and discharges into the Atlantic about 25 miles east of Portland. The drainage area above Augusta is 5,580 square miles, and the average run-off is about 10,000 second- feet. The river is tidal to the dam at Augusta, where the width between banks is from 500 to 700 feet. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106. Original condition.-From Augusta to Gardiner, about 61/2 miles, the navigable depth was about 31/2 feet in low summer tides. There was a shoal at South Gardiner with about 8 feet at mean low tide. At Swan Island there were dangerous ledges and a shoal with only 10 feet at mean low tide. The channel west of Swan Island was obstructed by Hatchs Rock Shoal, over which there was 71/ feet. Augusta, 44 miles from the mouth, was and is at the head of general navigation. Formerly there was a lock in the Augusta dam, but the river above abounds in rocky shoals, and was negligible for naviga- tion purposes. It was and is used for water-power and lumbering operations. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827. Modifications and additions were au- thorized by river and harbor acts of August 30, 1852, June 23, 1866, July 11, 1870, March 3, 1871, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1881, August 11, 1888, and June 13, 1902. The amount expended on projects prior to the existing one on which work was commenced in 1906 was $509,411.03, all for new work. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1735 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel below Gardiner not less than 150 feet wide, with a depth of 17 feet at Beef! Rock Shoal, at the foot of Swan Island, 18 feet deep through rock at Love- joy Narrows near the head of Swan Island, decreasing to 16 feet deep at Gardiner; a channel west of Swan Island, 100 feet wide, 12 feet deep except at the upper shoal where the depth was to be 15 feet; and a channel 125,feat wide and 11 feet deep from Gardiner upstream to Augusta, at the head of navigation. The section of river included in the project is about 21.5 miles in length. The work included dredging, rock excavation, and two riprap training walls. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.3 feet at the mouth of the river, 6.5 feet at Bath, 5.5 feet at the foot of Swan Island, 5 feet at Gardiner, and 4.1 feet at Augusta. The spring tides are about 1 foot greater at the mouth and about 0.5 foot greater at Augusta. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $386,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel be- tween Augusta and Gardiner (H. Doc. No. 262, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel below Gardiner (I. Doc. No. 321, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel west of Swan Island (H. Doc. No. 746, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published maps see above documents and Annual Report for 1915, page 2022. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 23 Recommended modifications of project.-In House Document No. 2107, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that the improvement and maintenance of the channel west of Swan Island, near the town of Richmond, be abandoned. Local cooperation.-None. Terminnal facilities.-There are a number of wharves which have been allowed to fall into such a condition of disrepair that their use is not feasible until they are extensively repaired or rebuilt. Those capable of serving a useful purpose are for the greater part located at the principal towns, viz, Bath, Richmond, Randolph, Gardiner, Hallowell, and Augusta. At Bath there are 16 wharves, 4 of which are physically connected with the railroad, while 6 others have more or less connection with the electric trolley system. Twelve of the wharves have mechanical appli'ances for handling passengers or freight. Two are open to public use on equal terms and one is publicly owned and open to free use. The wharves at Bath serve the shipyards, railroad ferry, coal business, etc. At the other above-n'amed points there are 16 wharves in usable condition. All are equipped with mechanism for handling passen- gers or freight. One wharf at Randolph and one at Hallowell have physical connection with the railroad. Those open to the public on equal terms are one each at Randolph, Hallowell, and Augusta. None are publicly owned. As a rule the wharves on the Kennebec are built parallel to the bank and project but little into the stream. Generally they are bal- lasted timber cribs, though there are a few wooden pile structures. The depths 'at low tide vary from 6 to 19 feet. The special terminals are efficient, the others to a smaller degree, but the facilities on the whole are believed adequate for the business. The shipyards at Bath have built extensive wharves, but probably more for the pur- pose of securing additional room for plant than for terminal pur- poses. (For 'a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit has consisted in permitting the use of larger vessels in handling bulk freight, which demands cheap transportation; and so far as concerns coal movement to the upper section, has been of decided value. The transportation of lumber, which was formerly a characteristic of this stream, has greatly fallen off; and that of ice, which formerly produced a ton- nage of considerable magnitude, has almost entirely disappeared. Oper'ations and results during fiscal year.-The only operations consisted in a survey to determine the channel condition from Augusta to the foot of Swan Island. The field work was completed during June, 1924, but had not been mapped by the close of the fiscal year. Some shoaling apparently has occurred at several points, reducing the available depth between Gardiner and Augusta about 1 foot, and between Gardiner and the foot of Swan Island about 2 feet. The expenditure was $438.40, charged to. maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. A reconnaissance in June, 1924, has not been fully mapped, but indicates that the controlling depth is 14 feet to Gardiner and 10 feet thence to Augusta, referred to mean low tide. 24 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The total expenditures under the existing project have been $386,438.38 for new work and $500.02 for maintenance, a total of $386,938.40. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to mapping results of a recent reconnaissance of the upper river to determine present channel conditions. Should serious deterioration be found an estimate of the cost of restoring channel dimensions will be prepared. Commercial statistics.-Shipments of ice and lumber, which form- erly made up the bulk of the river business, have almost entirely ceased. Coal, 84,484 tons, valued at $912,999, comprised 67 per cent and pulpwood, 23,054 tons, valued at $127,727, comprised 18 per cent of the total tonnage for 1923. comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ---- -- 125, 265 $3, 082, 863 51,574 1922-..-.- . 105,857 $1,113, 779 395, 590 1920 - ---- 140, 487 2, 106, 866 40, 020 1923-- -.--- _ 125, 543 1, 910, 567 504, 683 1921 - _- 85,468 1,296,495 441,806 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.05: New work ------- ------------------------------- $895, 849. 41 Maintenance-------------------------------------------- 500. 02 Net total expended --------------------------------- 896, 349. 43 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 896, 911. 03 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work.------- ----- ---- Expended for maintenance 1-. ____-------- . 40 $438. Appropriated or allotted . ... ..--------------.-.. , ...- 1,000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 ------------------ $1, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 438. 40 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------ 561. 60 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 506. 76 July 1, 1924, balance available ------------------- 54. 84 5. PORTLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.--This harbor is on the southwestern coast of Maine, about 100 miles northeast of Boston, Mass. The outer harbor is behind islands in Casco Bay and the inner harbor in Fore River. Northwest of the city is a large bay known as Back Cove, the greater part of which consists of flats exposed at low tide. The main channel from the ocean leads through Casco Bay between RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MIIASS., DISTRICT 25 the mainland and Cushing Island. It is about 8 miles to the head of navigation at Stroudwater, on Fore River, and about 6 miles to the head of Bacl Cove. To the anchorage ground opposite the east- ern end of the city the distance is about 3.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-The inner harbor in Fore River was and is about 9,000 feet long and about 2,500 feet wide. It had a channel depth of about 25 feet at mean low tide, except at the mouth, where it shoaled to 16 feet. Thence to the sea the least depth was about 42 feet, except for two isolated ledges, over which the least depths were 29 and 30 feet. The wharf front was exposed to swell from the main entrance. In Back Cove the channel depth was about 1 foot at mean low tide. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent modifications and additions were authorized by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866; joint resolution of June 5, 1868; and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The amount expended prior to adop- tion of the existing project in 1896 was $692,435.25, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1736 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a commodious anchorage off the eastern end of the city, with a minimum depth of 30 feet; for the dredging of the greater part of the inner harbor to a depth of 30 feet, except for the lower part of the main harbor and its channel 'River of approach, where the depth is to be 35 feet; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Fore up to the upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove; for rock excavation to give, a depth of 14 feet between the Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges, and a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide thence to the head of Back Cove; for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet; and for a stone breakwater about 1,900 feet long on the south- erly side of the mouth of the inner harbor. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.9 feet, extreme 10.2 feet, though variations as great as 16 feet have been observed under storm conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,690,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 491, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for 30 feet over the greater part of the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, provided for extensions of the 30-foot depth up Fore River and in the channel of approach to Back Cove; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the anchorage, for 14 feet at the entrance to Back Cove, for restoring the 12-foot depth in Back Cove and the 30-foot depth in the approach as well as in the lower part of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 489, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provided 26 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 for 35 feet at mean low tide in the lower part of the main harbor and the channel of approach and for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main channel (H. Doc. No. 71, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, requires that assurances shall be given that adequate berthing space for deep-draft vessels, affording a depth of not less than 35 feet at low water of spring tides, shall be provided by local interests within a reasonable time. These have been given and received the approval of the Secretary of War August 27, 1917. Since that date the work covered by these assurances has been practically accomplished. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has a water front of about 8 miles, rather more than one-half of which has been developed. There are 49 wharves, all but 11 of which are in the city of Portland. Seven wharves are used for transportation terminals, 15 for coal and lumber, 8 for manufacturing purposes, 2 for marine construc- tion, 6 for handling petroleum products, and the remainder for general business. There are two publicly owned ferry landings, besides which the city of Portland has a wharf in Back Cove under construction, which, aside from municipal use, will be open to the public. Seven- teen of the private wharves are open to the public upon equal terms. Twenty-five have mechanical appliances for handling passengers or freight. Thirty have physical connection with railroads, and in the cases of 14 others railroads run either to the heads of. the wharves or adjacent thereto. Five of the wharves have 6 feet or less at mean low tide, 22 have from 10 to 15 feet, 5 have from 16 to 20 feet, 5 from 21 to 25 feet, 6 from 26 to 30 feet, and 4 have 35 feet. Two wharves are bare at mean low tide. A large modern pier owned by the State has recently been completed. Many of the wharves are of solid fill within stone walls and with wooden pile extensions, while most of the larger ones are built entirely on piles. The transportation terminals are efficient, but in some respects have not been found to be of sufficient capacity to satisfactorily hanidle the class of vessels offering. The coal wharves are efficient, though somewhat crowded for room in one or two in- stances. Most of the remaining commercial wharves are of consider- able size, but are of an old type, with shallow docks, and are not considered efficient. While existing facilities accommodate the pres- ent commerce, need for betterment has been evident. There is abundant space, but in order to increase terminal facilities it will be necessary to revise and rebuild at least a portion of the older wharfage system. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 1, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-Improvements made have permitted safe use of larger vessels and, so far as bulk freight is concerned, have influenced such reduction in rates as is affected by larger cargoes. It is estimated that two-thirds of the present tonnage of the harbor would not have been practicable except for the work done under existing and previous projects. In view of the increase in size and RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BOSTON, MASS.., DISTRICT 27 draft of ships the trans-Atlantic business could not have been con- tinued and developed. The increased depth in the lower harbor has permitted the en- trance of some of the larger passenger ships. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no expen- diture for work of improvement or maintenance. During March and April, 1924, a survey was made of the harbor with a view to deter- mining conditions and the data were plotted. The 35-foot and 30- foot depths have been maintained fairly well except in the approach to Back Cove, where shoaling has amounted to 7 feet, and in a slight shoaling of the upper end of Back Cove. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed except for removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship chan- nel to a depth of 40 feet at mean low tide. About 94 per cent of the entire project has been accomplished. The survey in the spring of 1924 developed that depths had fairly well maintained, though shoaling had occurred at a few places. A slight shoaling was noticed in the southeasterly angle of the anchorage ground and along the southerly bank in the main harbor. In the 300-foot channel of ap- proach to Back Cove for a distance of about 1,300 feet, opposite the mouth of the Presumpscott River, the shoaling has been more extensive, amounting to as much as 7 feet, apparently due to deposits from that stream. As this part of the channel is no longer used for heavy traffic, no inconvenience is experienced. The project depth in Back Cove has maintained up as far as the bend, where it has shoaled from 2 to 3 feet. It is very soft material, and as yet no complaints have been received. The controlling depths are 35 feet in the lower harbor, 30 feet in the anchorage and Fore River, 23 feet in the en- trance to Back Cove, 14 feet between Grand Trunk and Tukeys Bridges, and about 10 feet within Back Cove; all referred to mean low tide. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $1,578,- 951 for new work and $11,340.80 for maintenance, a total of $1,590,291.80. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available for this im- provement. The only remaining item of the existing project is the removal of two rock ledges in the main ship channel estimated to cost about $100,000. This involves the removal of about 3,200 cubic yards of rock to the depth of 40 feet at mean low tide. For the removal of the inner and more important ledge, $75,000 can be advantageously expended during the fiscal year 1926. Commercial statistics. The returns for 1923 show a marked in- crease in tonnage and value over the three preceding years. This increase is almost entirely in domestic commerce handled over the new State Pier. The Grand Trunk Railway uses Portland for a winter port and ships large quantities of grain and food products via transatlantic steamers. Coal, 1,885,300 tons, valued at $12,672,- 218, comprised 56 per cent; grain and flour, 552,303 tons, valued at $22,581,371, comprised 17 per cent; and fuel oil and other petroleum products, 277,256 tons, valued at $4,722,663, comprised 8 per cent of the tonnage for 1923. 28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919.....--------- 2, 671, 605 $154,057, 352 740, 486 1922.-------- 2, 865, 369 $100, 273, 450 705, 716 1920--------- 2,461, 237 110, 968, 626 507, 103 1923_-------- 3, 338, 829 121, 019, 122 623, 438 1921 --------- 2, 369, 881 90, 954, 909 653, 057 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.44: New work ---------------------------------------- $2, 271, 386. 25 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 11, 340. 80 Net total expended---------------- ----------- 2, 282, 727. 05 Total appropriations to date of this report ------ - - 2, 282, 727. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---...... $36,772.44 . Expended for maintenance 1 .. _ . $2, 451. 48 $651. 19 . Appropriated or allotted--- ........ . --------------- -------- -~~----. .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _________________ $100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work_____ -__ _____------------__ 75, 000. 00 6. SACO RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Saco River rises in the White Moun- tain region of New Hampshire at an elevation about 1,900 feet above sea level, flows about 105 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic about 16 miles southwest of Port- land Harbor, Me. The drainage area is 1,730 square miles and the mean discharge at the head of navigation has been estimated at about 3,927 second-feet. The river is tidal up to Saco and Bidde- ford, about 5 miles from the mouth. Its minimum width between banks below Saco and Biddeford is about 200 feet, though in places the width is as great as 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-Above the head of navigation the river has been used for lumbering and affords a large amount of water power. The navigable portion, from Saco and Biddeford to the sea, was generally shoal, had a winding course with numerous shoals and ledges, and discharged through a wide sandy beach, where the depth was only 2 feet at mean low tide. Outside the bar the water deep- ened to 30 feet. Previous projects.-Allusion is made to an appropriation made in 1824, but the first regular authority appears in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827. Additional work was authorized by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866; July 5,1884; and September 19, RIVERS AND EARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 29 1890. The amount expended prior to the existing project, which began in 1910, was $346,530.12 for new work and $150 for mainte- nance, a total of $346,680.12. For further details of previous projects see page 1738 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel depth of 7 feet at mean low tide from the sea to the head of navigation at the cities of Saco and Biddeford, a distance of about 6 miles, the width to be 140 feet across the bar, 200 feet in the lower section between the jetties, 140 feet in the middle section, and 100 feet in the upper sec- tion to be secured by means of dredging; a small quantity of rock excavation, several small riprap jetties within the river, a riprap breakwater about 4,200 feet long, extending seaward from the north side of the mouth of the river, and a riprap jetty or training wall from the south side of the mouth of the river, practically parallel with the breakwater and about 4,800 feet long. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet; the extreme about 1 foot greater. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $55,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the breakwater on the north side of the mouth of the river; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on the south side of the mouth (S. Ex. Doc. No. 44, 48th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the present channel dimensions and an extension of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 752, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the last- mentioned document. Recommended nodifications, of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a small pier near the mouth of the river which has railroad connection and is used for summer passen- ger business. There are five wharves, all of solid fill construction, at Saco and Biddeford, none of which have railroad connection. Of these, two are unavailable because of rocky berths, one is in poor condition, and two are in good condition. The latter are used for private business and are coal-handling terminals, but are open to the public on moderate terms. One has modern mechanical appli- ances, with good efficiency; the other is equipped, but the machinery is crude. Depths range from 6 to 8 feet at mean low tide. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Some reduction has been brought about in water freight rates on coal, probably from 35 to 50 cents per ton, due to the fact that barges could be more fully loaded. This has been more or less reflected in the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work of improvement during the year. Expenditures, for office expenses, amounted to $139.92, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914, except for the depth across the bar, which has not yet been permanently secured. Cuts across the bar were made in 30 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 1913, 1914 and 1916, but were only temporarily successful. The depth on the bar varies, but about 6 feet at mean low tide was avail- able in November, 1922. Large quantities of sand for use in connec- tion with fortification work have been removed from this locality, and this has benefited the channel. One or more of the beacons on the south jetty have been destroyed and should be replaced. The survey in the summer of 1923 indicated that the project depth was available except at the upper end, where at low tide only from 4 to 5 feet could be relied on. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $48,619.24 for new work and $8,972.39 for maintenance, a total of $57,591.63. Proposed operations.-No field work is proposed. Funds are ex- hausted, and no estimate of additional funds is submitted at this time. No further report will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage for 1923 shows an .increase over the total for 1922. Coal comprised 99 per cent of the total tonnage. Loaded vessels can carry not to exceed 13 feet draft over the bar at high tide. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ...---------- 45, 246 $464,667 6,000 1922----------. 44, 299 $443, 012 (1) 1920 .....---------- 42, 715 524, 699 (1) 1923 ....--------- 65, 597 598, 674 29,600 1921---------.......... 67, 207 720, 704 (1) 1 No statistics available. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ----------------------------------------- $395, 149. 36 Maintenance -------------------------------- ---- 9, 122. 39 Net total expended---------------------------------- 404, 271. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------_ 404, 271. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--------- . ---------------------------- ------- Expended for maintenance ------.. $610. 16 $640. 38 $376. 71 $43. 56 $139. 92 'Appropriated or allotted.------ ---------------------------- ------------- ------------ July 1. 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- $139. 92 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ _ 139. 92 7. MERRIMACK RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-The Merrimack River is formed by the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee Rivers at Frank- lin, N. H. It flows southerly through New Hampshire and enters Massachusetts above Lowell, whence it flows in an easterly direction and discharges into the Atlantic Ocean below Newburyport, Mass., about 55 miles by water north of Boston. Its total length is about RIVERS AND IIARBORS-BOSTON, IMASS., DISTRICT' 31 133 miles. The drainage area above the mouth is about 5,015 square miles, and about 4,664 square miles above Lawrence. From Frank- lin to Lawrence the slope is about 2.5 feet to the mile in a series of pools separated by rapids or falls, and full advantage has been taken of these conditions to develop water power by dams built at many points down to Lawrence. The low-water discharge at Lawrence averages about 1,643 second- feet during about 29 days in aggregate length during the late summer and fall, and the flood discharge averages about 19,170 second-feet during an average aggregate length of about 53 days during the late winter and spring. The tidal part of the river is about 22.7 miles long from the sea to the foot of Mitchells Lower Falls, about 2 miles above Haverhill. In this section the average width between banks is about 1,026 feet down to Newburyport, where the river widens out over flats into a broad basin at high water. The low-water slope of this part of the river is about 0.28 foot and the high-water slope about 0.06 foot per mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-The river had a practicable channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from its mouth up to South Amesbury, 9 miles. From there to the head of navigation at Haverhill there was a very narrow and crooked channel, obstructed by shoals and bowl- ders. Above Haverhill there was practically no navigation, the river being obstructed by ledges, bowlders, shoals, and rapids. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the act of May 23, 1828, was for improving the bar at the mouth of the river. The project for improvement of the river above the mouth was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and extended by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1874, and June 3, 1896. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1899) was $254,466.72 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1740 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, from Newburyport (about 2.5 miles above the mouth), 16.5 miles to the railroad bridge at Haverhill. The mean range of tide is 7.9 feet at the mouth of the river and 5.1 feet at Haverhill at low-water stages of the river. The extreme ranges are about 11.7 feet at the mouth and 8 feet at Haverhill. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, is $171,442.70, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was ,adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps will be found in House Documents Nos. 168, Fifty- fourth Congress, first session, and 1813, Sixty-fourth Congress, sec- ond session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities-On the reach of the river between Newbury- port and Haverhill there is on the north bank at the mouth of the Powow River one coal wharf with a frontage of about 200 feet, serv- 10710-ENG 1924-3 32 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ing the town of Amesbury; at Merrimacport one coal wharf of about 55 feet frontage on the north bank; and at Groveland one coal wharf of about 60 feet frontage on the south bank. At Haverhill, below the Haverhill-Bradford bridge, there are five wharves on the north bank, with an aggregate frontage of about 775 feet. On the south bank there are three wharves with an aggregate frontage of 480 feet; only one of these, a coal wharf, is in use for water-borne freight; one is a bulkhead owned by the city of Haverhill, but used only for storage. These wharves are generally wooden or stone bulkheads, filled solid, and in some cases light pile structures; all except the Haverhill city wharf are privately owned and not open to the general public. Between the lower and upper bridges at Haverhill on the north bank there is about 2,500 feet of quay wall, of wooden or stone bulk- heads, filled. On this frontage the city of Haverhill owns several sites aggregating about 300 feet frontage. These sites are not de- veloped for wharf purposes. There are also two coal wharves with an aggregate frontage of 250 feet. All except the city frontage are privately owned and not open to the general public. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly increased facilities for navigation. The improvement of the channel is reported to enable the delivery of coal by water at rates 35 to 50 cents per ton less than by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1907. The controlling depth to Haverhill is 7 feet at mean low water, as ascertained in 1914. About 9 feet draft can be carried at mean low water to Newburyport and about 12 feet in the natural channel from Newburyport to Amesbury Ferry. The total expendi- tures under the existing project, have been $115,424.77 for new work and $34,575.23 for maintenance, a total of $150,000. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed. Funds are ex- hausted, and no further report will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft for loaded boats carry- ing coal, comprising 86 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1923, and valued at $247,111, is 15 feet to Newburyport and 13 feet to Amesbury Ferry, above which barges do not proceed. Coal for Merrimac, Groveland, and Haverhill is discharged at Newburyport into light-draft lighters (6 to 8 feet) and thence lightered up the river. The usual draft for loaded boats carrying petroleum is about 91/2 feet. This item of commerce, valued at $158,094, comprised the entire remaining tonnage for the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1919-__....________ . .__ _-- 18, 097 $361, 206 1922-.....___ ___ .. _. -26, 082 $460, 430 1920 ....------- 16, 354 501, 453 1923-----.... - .. - ._ - 27, 958 405, 205 1921 - 26, 804 370, 219 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS.' DISTRICT 33; Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.08: New work - $369, 891. 49 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 34, 575. 23 Net total expended---------------------- -- 404. 466. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report__- -- 404, 466. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for ndw work -- - Expended for maintenance 1.. $37. 32 $13. 03 - $64. 77 Appropriated or allotted---- ----------------------------------------- ----- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. S. BOSTON HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor includes all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line from Point Allerton to Point Shirley, and extending from that line westward to the mainland. This com- prises an area of about 47 square miles, exclusive of the islands. The distance from the Point Allerton-Point Shirley line to the Charles- town Navy Yard (via the 35-foot channel) is about 7 miles. Tribu- tary to the harbor and included in its improvements are: (1) Chelsea Creek, which begins in the town of Revere and flows in a southerly direction and westerly for about 4.5 miles, emptying into Boston Harbor at the Meridian Street Bridge. From its mouth to the head of navigation at Slade's Spice Mill dam it is a little less than 3 miles in length and is tidal. Above the dam the creek is a surface drainage brook, extending about 1.5 miles inland through a. closely settled area. Records of discharge, etc., are not available. (2) Fort Point Channel, which is a tidal inlet connecting the tidal. basin of South Bay with Boston upper harbor. The channel is about 1.25 miles long, and its general direction of flow is northeast- erly and southwesterly. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1106 and 1107.) Original condition.-The headlands and islands were without protection 'against the sea, which was extensively eroding them. Rocks obstructed the entrance to the lower main ship channel which was 23 feet deep at mean low water, with a least width of 150 feet... The upper main ship channel from President Roads to Boston had a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water, with 'a least width of 100 feet. The channel from President Roads through Broad Sound had a least depth of 29 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 200 feet. Chelsea Creek had a depth of 'about 8 feet at mean low water from its mouth to about three-fifths of a mile from the head of navigation,. at Slade's Spice Mill dam, in Revere, and of about 3 feet beyond. Fort Point Channel originally had a depth varying from 'a few feet at the head of the channel at Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, to 23 feet at mean low water at the mouth. 34 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Previous projects.-The project for the 23-foot main ship channel was 'adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. To this project were added from time to time, by provisos in the following river and harbor acts, projects for improvement of minor channels within or tributary to the harbor: Nantasket Beach Channel, acts of June 14, 1880, and September 19, 1890; Jeffries Point Channel, act of September 19, 1890; and Charles River, 'act of June 14, 1880. The total expenditures were $1,355,698.93 for new work, of which $139,064.51 was applied to the Nantasket Beach and Jeffries Point Channels and Charles River, and the balance, $1,216,634.42, to the 23-foot channel. For further details of previous projects see p'age 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 40 feet deep in general, but 45 feet deep through rock, from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound, 2 miles, 900 feet wide except at the outer end where it is widened to 1,100 feet; a channel 35 feet deep from the sea (along the same line as the 40-foot channel) through Broad Sound to the navy yard at Charlestown and the Chelsea Bridge and Charles River Bridge, 1,500 feet wide from the sea to President Roads, 1.5 miles, and thence 1,200 feet wide for the remain- ing distance of 6 miles; a channel 2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 1,200 feet wide from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound by a less direct route than the 35 and 40 foot channels; a chan- nel 27 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Nantasket Roads to Presi- dent Roads, 3 miles; a channel 15 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and 550 feet long through the bar which extends from the north head= of Long Island to Nixes Mate Shoal, known as Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel; a channel in Chelsea Creek 25 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from the Meridian Street Bridge, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to the old East Boston (Chelsea Street) Bridge, a distance of about seven-eighths of a mile, and a channel about 1 mile in length next below the head of navigation, 8.4 feet deep and 150 feet wide, the lower end of this channel being about 2 miles above the mouth of the river; the Fort Point Channel 23 feet deep and 175 feet wide from its entrance in Boston Harbor, about four- fifths of a mile to near the Dorchester Avenue (old Federal Street) Bridge; and sea walls of coursed stone and riprap protecting the most exposed headlands and islands. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet at Boston Light, and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor, in Chelsea Creek, and in Fort Point Channel. The extreme range is about 4 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects and of sea walls for which no estimate was given, is $11,745,749.68 (see Annual Report for 1917, p. 79, for de- tails). The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $79,400. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1825, provided for the preservation of the islands by sea walls; the act of August, 5, 1886, provided for Fort Point Channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 27-foot channel (see p. 766 of Annual Report for 1893); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 35 the channel in upper Chelsea Creek (H. Ex. Doc. No. 162, 53d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the 35-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), the estimate differing from any in that document, owing to the different widths of the channels adopted, and the omission from the project of the removal of Finns Ledge, at the outer entrance, was authorized by the Chief of Engi- neers March 11, 1913; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the chan- nel in lower Chelsea Creek (H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 931, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). References to latest published maps: Sea walls and Nixes Mate Channel, page 1178 of Annual Report for 1911; 27, 30, 35, and 40 foot channels, House Document No. 931, Sixty-third Congress, sec- ond session; upper Chelsea Creek, House Executive Document No. 162, Fifty-third Congress, second session; lower Chelsea Creek, House Document No. 272, Sixty-second Congress, second session; Fort Point Channel, location shown on map facing page 770 of the Annual Report for 1903. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law in connection with the main ship channels. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has voluntarily dredged an anchorage basin 30 feet deep at mean low water, about 1 mile long and 1,000 feet wide, off Bird Island Flats northwesterly from Governors Island and im- mediately adjoining the 35-foot channel, at a cost of about $513,000; has embarked upon a project which includes filling the flats extend- ing southeasterly from East Boston, as well as dredging channels and basins, upon which approximately $2,500,000 has now been ex- pended; has filled an extensive area of the flats at South Boston with material secured by dredging; has dredged an approach channel 950 feet long and 200 feet wide from the 35-foot channel to Piers 1 and 2 of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad; has expended a large sum in dredging minor channels and approaches to wharves; and has lowered, under its appropriation of $75,000 in 1913 (see H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), the 24-inch water main of the Metropolitan water system, which crosses Chelsea Creek about 800 feet above the Meridian Street Bridge. In Chelsea Creek the city of Boston in 1913 dredged through the south draw passage of Meridian Street Bridge an area 100 feet wide and 260 feet long; and adjacent to this area, above the bridge, an irregular area 100 feet wide at the downstream end and narrowing to 50 feet wide upstream, 470 feet long, at depths of 30 and 25 feet at mean low water, respectively. The Mexican Petroleum Corporation and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have dredged jointly an irregular area in Chelsea Creek immediately above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, 2,000 feet long, 500 feet greatest width, 25 feet deep at mean low water, with a channel of the same depth and 60 feet wide, connecting this area with the Government channel immediately below Chelsea Street Bridge. A total of 483,897 cubic yards were dredged from this area, at a total cost of $111,491.53. Under the State accounting system it is impracticable to definitely state detailed costs of all the various items of cooperation by the Commonwealth, but it may be said that the total, exclusive of wharf construction, etc., has been about $11,700,000. 36 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Ter~minal facilitie.-The wharf development of Boston Harbor lies westerly of Governors and Castle Islands. Bordering on the 35-foot channel and below all bridges there is about 4 miles of water front, fully developed with wharves of various types devoted to commercial purposes; and on the Charlestown shore is located the United States: navy yard, with a frontage of about five-eighths of a mile. Along the wharf front of Boston proper, about 1.25 miles in ex- tent the wharves are practically all devoted to miscellaneous com- merce of the coastwise traffic. The depth of water at the wharves is limited to a maximum of about 25 feet at mean low water, and gen- erally the berths are of too limited length to accommodate trans- Atlantic vessels. These wharves are connected to the two principal railroad systems on the north and south sides of the city by a belt- line railroad passing through the streets. They consist generally of stone or wooden bulkheads filled solid and faced with pile platforms and are all privately owned and not open to the general public on equal terms, with the exception of a frontage of about 500 feet, which is owned by the city of Boston and used for park and recrea- tion purposes, and a shorter frontage used by the United States ap- praisers' stores. In East Boston for about 1.12 miles below the Meridian Street Bridge the wharf frontage lacks railroad connection, and the wharves are of more or less temporary character, and generally with depths of water sufficient only to accommodate the smaller class of coast- wise vessels. In this area there is a large floating dry dock. Farther south along the frontage there are two large wharves with railroad connection, one with depth sufficient to dock large vessels. Southerly of the last-described wharves the Commonwealth of Massachusetts owns a site developed to about one-half its capacity by the construction of a pier intended for general public use. Again southerly, on a frontage of about 1,600 feet, are three large piers and two small piers belonging to the Boston & Albany Railroad. These are piers partly of pile and partly of solid fill, of modern con- struction, capable of accommodating the largest type of trans- Atlantic liner utilizing the port, and with berths of a maximum length of about 780 feet. These wharves and the Commonwealth Pier have direct railroad connection. Next east along this front is a railway ferry wharf, three small dry docks, and a few small wharves of temporary character for miscellaneous commercial pur- poses. All these wharves except the Commonwealth Pier are privately owned; the Commonwealth Pier and the Boston & Albany wharves are open to the general public on equal terms. Easterly of this wharf frontage the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has under construc- tion a comprehensive development of the area to a point approxi- mately 1 mile easterly of Governors Island and northerly therefrom to the Winthrop shore, to include a system of large modern piers, extensive manufacturing and storage areas, and complete railroad connections. Only a portion of the bulkheading and filling has been done on this development to date. The Navy Department has taken over Governors Island, under plans for its use as a fuel station. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 37 On the Charlestown front westerly of the United States navy yard, for a frontage of about 1,400 feet, there are three large piers accom- modating trans-Atlantic commerce, with depths of 30 to 35 feet, the longest berths being about 600 feet. Easterly of the navy yard are two large piers with a frontage of about 1,400 feet on the channel. These private wharves consisti of stone bulkheads filled solid and with pile platform extensions, and are fitted to handle trans-Atlantic commerce. Into Charlestown on this front extends westerly for a distance of about five-eighths of a mile the south channel of the Mystic River, bordered on the north by a stone bulkhead, filled solid and faced with pile platform, of the Mystic Wharf of the Boston & Maine Railroad, having complete railroad connection and berths of generally about 18 feet depth, accommodating coastwise vessels, and one berth at its outer end of about 21 feet depth, accom- modating large transfer barges. On the south side for about three- eighths of a mile below its upper end this channel is bordered by small wharves of less depth, accommodating small coasting vessels. These wharves are generally of stone bulkhead, privately owned, and not open to general public use. At the head of the 35-foot channel on the Chelsea water front, in a length of about 2,000 feet, there are several small wharves of insig- nificant value, one large coal wharf, and a shipbuilding and repair yard with large marine railway. On the South Boston front a large territory of flats is at present under development. In a length of about one-half of a mile east- erly from the mouth of Fort Point Channel there are three large piers consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid, all capable of accom- modating trans-Atlantic traffic and all having direct railroad con- nection. These piers are privately owned and are open to the gen- eral public on equal terms. Next east is a large pier of modern construction with two berths each 1,200 feet long, and a controlling depth of 37 feet at mean low water, owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, fitted with appliances for expeditious handling of cargo, and open to general public use. Next east lies a large pier devoted to the fishing interests of the port, owned by the Common- wealth of Massachusetts and leased to fishing corporations; and still farther east are three small piers of a temporary character. At the easterly end of the development, between the main ship chan- nel and the reserved channel, there has been constructed by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts and sold to the Navy Department a dry dock having a length over all of 1,166 feet on the bottom, with width of entrance on top 133 feet and on bottom 109.66 feet, and depth over keel blocks at mean high water of 42.33 feet. On the south side of the reserved channel, on a frontage of about seven-eighths of a mile, extend wharves consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, filled solid, and pile structures, all privately owned and not open to general public use. They receive coal, lum- ber, etc., of the coastwise traffic. On the north side of this channel, on a frontage of about 1 mile, are the extensive stores and wharf of the Army base, which serve both coastwise and foreign traffic. Bordering Fort Point Channel, a subsidiary channel of the upper harbor, within the scope of Federal improvement there is on its east- ern side about 4,000 feet of wharf frontage devoted to commercial 38 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 purposes. These wharves consist principally of stone bulkheads, with berths generally of depths sufficient to accommodate only coast- ing vessels, only one berth taking ocean vessels. On the westerly side of the channel there is commercial development only for a distance of about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting of stone bulkheads, including one wharf of about 157 feet frontage owned by the city of Boston and used as a garbage dump. The remainder of this shore is bordered by an important highway of the city. Above the scope of the Federal improvement, along the west and south shores of South Bay, and bordering a channel 12 feet deep, dredged by the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, there is a frontage of about 5,700 feet de- voted to small wharves, consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, for shoal-draft coastwise trade, principally of coal, lumber, and other building materials. Of this wharf frontage the city of Boston owns about 1,542 feet, used for sanitary, highway, and sewer department work. The easterly shore of this bay is occupied entirely by rail- road yards and is without wharf development for commercial pur- poses. All the wharves on Fort Point Channel and South Bay except the city wharves are privately owned. Three are open to the general public on payment of wharfage charges and one is a public warehouse. Bordering Chelsea Creek, a subsidiary channel of the upper har- bor, within the scope of Federal improvements and in the section improved to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water, there is on its northern side about 4,500 feet of wharf frontage, consisting princi- pally of stone and wooden bulkheads filled solid, and some small pile piers. On this front is also located a shipbuilding and repair yard with marine railways. These wharves accommodate only light-draft coastwise traffic. For 3,300 feet on the south side of the channel the frontage is occupied by wharves with shoal depth and not generally used for commercial purposes, but on this side for a distance of about 1,200 feet at the upper end of this 25-foot channel is located a large storage and distributing plant for petroleum and its products, the wharf consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid. On the upper sec- tion of Chelsea Creek within the scope of the improvement to 8.4 feet depth at mean low water there are on the south bank three wharves, one consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid and two of pile struc- tures, used for the receipt of coal and building material and for city sanitary purposes. On the north bank, directly above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, there is a frontage of about 2,500 feet of wooden bulkhead filled solid, with pile piers in advance, for receipt and distribution of fuel oil. All the wharves on Chelsea Creek, except a wharf of the Lighthouse Department, are privately owned and are not open to general public use. The terminal facilities of Boston Harbor are considered adequate for existing commerce, and ample space exists for extension to meet future demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess. and Port Series No. 2, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the 35-foot channel has permitted the establishment of new trans-Atlantic steamship lines. Between 1902 and 1914-the commencement and completion of the improvement-steamships using this port increased in carry- ing capacity from 4,500 to 6,000 tons dead weight to 8,000 to 12,000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 39 tons and drawing from 29 to 33 feet fully loaded. In general, the :maximum drafts of foreign passenger liners are about 26 to 30 feet, and occasionally 32 to 34 feet, of oil tankers 27 feet (though 29 feet has been recorded), and of other freight steamers 28 feet. The Leviathan and Majestic (entering and leaving at high water for repairs) draw 36 to 38 feet. Vessel drafts of such depths were not practicable, and in some cases were impossible, before the 35-foot channel was secured. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work included de- tailed examinations at various localities to ascertain facts concern- ing obstructions and shoals reported from time to time, numerous abridge hearings, supervision of the extensive harbor, examination into and issuance of numerous wharf permits, investigation of com- plaints, and the general administration in the interests of navigation ,of this large harbor and its channels of approach, as well as mainte- nance of a small floating plant. The expenditure was $30,443.48, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project has been completed, with the exception of the 40-foot channel, on which no -work has been done. Under the existing project sea walls of a total length of about 3.75 miles have been built and are being main- tained on Great Brewster, Lovells, Gallups, Long, Rainsford, Deer, and Georges Islands, and on Point Allerton. The walls are in gen- erally good condition. The expenditures on the seawalls amount to :$1,307,567.78, of which $1,263,022.85 was for new work and $44,544.93 was for maintenance. The Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel was com- pleted in 1892, the 30-foot channel in 1905, the 27-foot channel in 1907, the upper channel in Chelsea Creek in 1907, Fort Point Chan- nel in 1909, the 35-foot channel in 1915, and the lower channel in Chelsea Creek in 1916; no expenditure on the 40-foot channel has been made. The total expenditures on these channels have been $9,118,714.59 for new work and $748,765.29 for maintenance; or $9,867,479.88 in all. For details see Annual Report for 1917, page 81. The condition of the 35-foot channel, as ascertained in 1921, is as follows: Except for occasional shoaling, where about 1 foot less depth was found, and for an area on the edge of the channel at 'Castle Island, the controlling depth is not less than 35 feet up as far as the South Boston wharves. Thence to Chelsea Bridge in Mystic River, and Meridian Street Bridge in Chelsea Creek, the bottom is somewhat irregular. For the most part the project depth .exists, but occasional small shoals were found, over some of which :a shoaling of 2 feet was discovered. These are apparently soft mud and' not serious. The controlling depth of Fort Point Channel, as ascertained in 1917, is 22 feet at mean low water; of the 27-foot and 30-foot chan- inels in 1911, 27 and 30 feet, respectively; of upper Chelsea Creek in 1921, 8 feet; lower Chelsea Creek in 1921, 25 feet; and of Nixes Mate Channel in 1921, 15 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project, exclusive of receipts from sales, etc., have been $10,381,737.44 for new work :and $954,467.32 for maintenance, a total of $11,336,204.76. Proposed operations.-Available funds will be applied to main- tenance, including administration, supervision of a great number of 10710---ENG 1924-----4 40 REPORT OF CIIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 private -projects for bridges, wharves, dredging, etc., maintenance and repair of a small floating plant, minor repairs to seawalls as necessity arises, minor surveys, etc. Funds now in hand will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance, $40,000, is for the same pur- pose as indicated in the preceding paragraph. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, adopted a project for 40 feet at mean low tide for the outer, or Broad Sound, channel, and made unexpended balances available therefor. Funds available were not sufficient to commence the work, and no appropriations therefor have so far been made. As there is apparently no present urgent and demonstrated need for the prosecution of the 40-foot project, no additional funds for that purpose need be made available at this time. Commercia;l statistics.-The principal articles of waterborne freight, both foreign and domestic, received and shipped at the port of Boston during 1923, including, intraport movement, are shown below. In this tabulation, the Port of Boston includes the main waterfront of Boston Harbor, the 1Nystic, Malden, and Island End Rivers, Chelsea. Creek, Fort Point Channel, Little Mystic River, Charles River, Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Weymouth Fore and Town Rivers, and Weymouth Back River. Amount Estimated Percent- age of Principal articles in short value total tonnage CoaL_ ----.....-...... --------------- 7, 590, 118 $60, 095,002 49 Crude and fuel oil---- ----- _ ------------------------------------- - 1, 837,631 11, 982, 165 12 Other oils, animal, vegetable, or mineral -..... - ----- -.. _ 763, 953 26, 518, 925 5 Sugar--- ---------------------------------------------------- 318,958 31,157, 080 2 Chemicals, including fertilizer and fertilizer materials_-- 371, 579 22, 847, 242 2 Grain and flour, miscellaneous... --------------------------------- . 272, 471 11, 200, 501 1% Textiles, including wool, cotton, burlaps, etc--.... -------------------- 565, 174 357, 855, 449 31/ Wood and paper, including wood pulp ..--------------------- 448, 236 22,079, 918 3 Sand and gravel..--------------------------------------------631, 609 680, 734 4 The approximate loaded drafts of coal barges are 13 to 20 feet, of coal steamers 261/2 to 27 feet, of oil tankers 24. to 28 feet, and of sugar steamers 18 to 20 feet. Other cargo, including grain, re- quires no special type of vessel and is carried in large trans-Atlantic steamers of varying draft. About 38 per cent of the foreign clearances during the year were in ballast; this, however, includes the return trips of empty oil tankers. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Estimated Calendar year Short tons Estivalue 1919______________19_____ 8, 957, 738 $760, 047, 478 1922 - _ 13, 993, 646 674, 603, 665 1920- 1921 . _ 8,685,528 9,752,841 973,377,861 616, 096,284 1923-- ----- ---- 15, 217, 663 862, 346, 185 The marked increase in tonnage during 1922 was due to the abnormal receipt of 1,750,098 tons of foreign coal to relieve scarcity RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 41 caused by the coal strike, to greatly increased tonnages in staple articles of import, to the establishment of three new transportation. lines, and to the inclusion of the commerce of Charles River and Little Mystic River, which will hereafter be included in all figures for the port of Boston. During 1923 the increase was due prin- cipally to greater traffic in domestic coal, petroleum products, sand and gravel, and general cargo of domestic steamship lines; the foreign freight showing a small decline. On the main waterfront the tonnage of all freight handled was 6,802,262 tons, and on.the tributaries of the harbor 8,415,401 tons. About 10 per cent of the vessels entering from foreign ports dur- ing 1923 touched at other American ports before arriving at Boston. Of such vessels, the total cargo for Boston was 129,044 short tons. About 34 per cent of the vessels leaving for foreign ports proceeded first to other American ports. These computations do not include vessels in ballast; nor vessels loading or discharging no, cargo at Boston, among which are large passenger liners with maximum draft of about 26 to 30 feet, and occasionally 32 to 34 feet. One new steamer line was established during the year, for passenger and freight service between Boston, Halifax, and St. John. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,040.28: New work_--------------------------------- $11, 737, 436. 37 Main:tenance--------------------------- 954; 467 32 Net total expended - 12, 691, 903. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report--- 12, 739, 827. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ...... ..................................... Expended for maintenance 1 - $46, 090. 10 $32, 989. 12 $18, 438. 32 $38, 263. 38 $30, 443. 48 Appropriated or allotted 25, 000. 00 -- -- 40, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ____ $48, 261. 57 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 _ --------- 30, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---- - 105.80 78, 367. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance 1--------------------------------- 30, 443. 48 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 47, 923. 89 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 266. 45 July 1, 1924, balance available ----- 47, 657. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- _- _ tion of existing project_ --- - 21, 545, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance ----------- 40, 000. 00 INot deducting recei~ts from salesx, etc. 2 Exclusive oOf avaiilable funs. 42 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 GLOUCESTER, BEVERLY, SALEM, LYNN, PLYMOUTH, AND PROVINCE- TOWN HARBORS; MYSTIC, MALDEN, WEYMOUTH FORE AND WEY- MOUTH BACK RIVERS, AND DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. (GROUP A) 9. GLOUCESTER HARBOR, MASS. (Al) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 135. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work---------------------------------------------- $522, 178. 84 Maintenance--------------- 16, 004. 16 Net total expanded ---- - --------- 538, 183. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 538, 183. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- --- Expended for maintenance....- - -- Appropriated or allotted - -- 10. BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. (A2) Location and description.-This harbor is a small indentation at the western end of Salem Bay and immediately adjacent to Salem Harbor on the south, from which it is separated by Salem Neck. It is formed by the confluence of the three branches of a tidal inlet called North River, Danvers River, and Beverly Creek, and is about three-eighths of a mile wide opposite the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1106 and 1107.) Original condition.-The harbor had a practicable channel 18 feet deep at mean low water extending from deep water at Monument Bar Beacon for about 1 mile to its head (about 600 feet below the highway bridge), sufficient for the commerce of the harbor and of its three tributary streams, but the channel was circuitous at the en- trance. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The amount expended on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $48,482.35 for new work and $642.65 for maintenance, a total of $49,1.25. For further details of previous projects see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1.915 and page 124 of Annual Report. for 1918 (under the heading Existing project). Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at entrance and curves, from deep water to the rock shoal near Essex Bridge. The mean range of tide is 9 feet; the extreme range is 12.7 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 43 The estimate of cost for new work made in 1920 is $321,000, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. No estimate of annual cost of maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 220, 63d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and the estimate of cost was revised and the requirements as to local cooperation were altered by a provision in the river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922 (H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 220, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modification,of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The conditions imposed by the river and har- bor act approved September 22, 1922, are that before work is under- taken the following sums shall be deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War: $50,000 from the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, $25,000 from the city of Beverly, and $25,000 from the coal and oil or other local interests, and that the city of Beverly shall give evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that if and when needed it will furnish a suitable public wharf or terminal between Essex Bridge and Tucks Point, to be open to all water carriers on equal and reasonable terms. The requirements as to local coopera- tion have been fully complied with, and met approval of the Sec- retary of War February 26, 1923. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of the harbor below the bridges, with a total dockage of 1,609 feet, are seven wharves. One, a pile structure with dockage of 402 feet, is used for coal; and one of stone, with frontage of 250 feet, is used for crude oil; these two wharves have railroad connection. The other wharves are small, of stone walls or wooden bulkheads filled solid, or of piles. Two are private coal wharves; one is publicly owned (by the city of Salem), and two others, in poor condition, are used intermittently by the public. On the south or Salem side are two wharves, one a private wharf used for receipt of coal and oil, and one a small pier owned by the city of Salem; the former open to all cargoes on payment of wharf- age, the latter with no adequate depth of water. Above the Essex Bridge and beyond the scope of the improvement are two small wharves of masonry wall, solid fill and pile extension, one used as a boat runway. On the east side of Beverly Creek are two large lumber wharves of pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, with a total dockage of 824 feet; a coal wharf of similar construction with dockage of 175 feet; and a wharf of 60 feet front- age, pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, originally intended for the receipt of coal but at present used as a yacht-club landing. All of these are privately owned and not open to the general public. These facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement to 18-foot depth is re- ported to have effected a reduction in freight rates of 25 cents per ton on bituminous coal; and has resulted in greatly increased facili- ties for navigation. 44 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMY, 1924 Work on the new 24-foot channel has been in progress for nearly 9 months, but the channel has as yet attained no real navigable value. Operations and results during fiscal year. On October 9, 1923, work was commenced under a contract covering all the dredging to be done under the existing project. By the end of the fiscal year the contractor had removed 432,029 .cubic yards, and had uncovered some of the ledges. About 80 per cent of the area, beginning at the upper end, had been worked over, and the project depth of 24 feet at mean low tide had been secured for the greater part. Ex- penditures amounted to $100,721.55, all for new work; $59,414.34 from United States and $41,307.21 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 50 per cent completed, giving practically project depth throughout. The new work has as yet no practicable navigation value. In the 18-foot channel of the previous project the depth, as ascertained in 1923, was 18 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $102,707.21, all for new work; of which $61,400 was from United States and $41,307.21 from contributed funds. Proposed operations. It is proposed to apply funds now avail- able to completion of all the work covered by the project. A con- tract for dredging about 600,000 cubic yards of material is ex- 'pected to be completed about October, 1924. This will leave ledge excavation amounting to about 3,700 cubic yards yet to be ac- complished. Good progress will be made if this is completed by the close of the working season of 1925. Funds now available should be sufficient for completion of the project, and it is not, expected that additional money will be needed. Commercial statistics.-The portion of Beverly Harbor most di- rectly served by the improvement is that below Essex Bridge. A small portion of the commerce (10,268 tons, valued at $100,429, in 1923) passes through the improvement into Danvers River and Beverly Creek, above Essex Bridge. Above and below the bridge, coal, valued at $1,785,907, comprised 58 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1923; and petroleum products, valued at $3,860,- 235, comprised 40 per cent. The usual drafts of coal steamers were 21 to 25 feet, of coal barges 16 to 18 feet, and of oil steamers 24 feet. The increase in tonnage for 1923 is due to larger receipts of coal and petroleum products. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919______________________ 336,201 $5,826,701 1922_________________ 346,242 $6,060,549 1920 ________________ _ 244,973 6, 113, 645 1923-- - -400, 267 5,680,066 1921-_____ ..... _______ __. 260,085 6, 438, 844 Financialsummary UNITED STATES FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $122.24: New work ---------------------------------------------- $109, 882. 35 Maintenance 642. 65 Net total expended --------- 110, 525. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-.... ---- 245, 090. 41 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 45 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1________ - _________ _____________ ______________ $1, 985. 66 $59, 414. 34 Expended for maintenance--- - - - - - - - - - - -- - Appropriated or allotted-------------------- --- 98, 465. 41 36, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------- - -- $157, 979. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ___ 36, 000. 00 193, 979. 75 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 59, 414.34 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------134, 565. 41 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__________________ $100. 00 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 15, 000. 00 15, 100. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available---------------------------- 19, 465. 41 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ------------------------------------------ $41, 307. 21 Maintenane --------------------------------------------- Total contributions to date of this report----------------___- 100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 _e Expended for new work_______- p --- fa onr------------ _ 41, 307. 21 $uring Expended for maintenance ---------- -------------- --------------------------------------- Contributed -------------------------- ---------------------- $100, 000.00- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- $100, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 41, 307. 21 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended____----------------------- 58, 692. 79 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--__--------- $24, 644. 71 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 26, 807. 97 51, 452. 68 July 1, 1924, balance available----------------------------- 7,240. 11 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $122.24: New work------- ----------- --------------------- $151, 189. 5l Maintenance --------------------------------------- --- 642. 65 Net total expended__------- -------------------------- 151, 832. 21 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 345, 090. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1..__ .-------------- . $1, 985. 66 $100, 721. 55 Expended for maintenance .. --- ------- -------------- ----- - ------------- ------------- Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed . ...---------- I-------------------- ----- --.------- -------. 198, 465. 41 36, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 46 REPORT OF CHRIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------- $257, 979. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924-------------------------------- ---------------- 36, 000. 00 293, 979. 75 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 100, 721. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------------193, 258. 20 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------ $24, 744. 71 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 41, 807. 97 66, 552. 68 July 1, 1924, balance available_______________________________ 126, 705. 52 11. SALEM HARBOR, MASS. (A3) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1919, page 144. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ----------------------------------- $63, 868. 66 Maintenance ----------------------------------------------- , 500. 00 Net total expended-______--________________ 71, 368. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report________---- 71, 368. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_......... Expended for maintenance_...... _ _...... . ___............___._______-..... . ."._.. . . . ---------------------------- .. - Appropriated or allotted. 12. LYNN HARBOR, MASS. (A4.) Location and description.--Lynn Harbor, formed by a natural in- dentation of the coast line, is distant about 14 miles by water in a northeasterly direction from Boston. It is about 3 miles in extent- from north to south and has an average width east and west of about 1.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1106. and 1107.) Original condition.-Three narrow and crooked channels, in which- the depth was but 6 feet at mean low water, extended from the sea to the wharves through flats, the greater part of which were bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project for Lynn Harbor was: adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified in 1884 and 1888. The western (Saugus River) channel project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and the project for the main ship channel by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $286,437, all for RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 47 new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1742 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for widening to 300 feet the ex- isting channel from the sea to the wharves, 13,500 feet long, and increasing the turning basin to 500 feet square, all to the depth of 15 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The ex- treme range is 13.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $179,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 948, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map (1900) is in House Document No. 78, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged at the head of Lynn Harbor, immediately east of the Government turning basin and channel, an anchorage basin to the depth of 8 feet at mean low water; and a channel in Saugus River of the following dimensions: 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot contour in Broad Sound southerly from the Point of Pines to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, 250 feet wide through the bar at the entrance, 200 feet wide to a point just north of Point of Pines, then 100 feet wide to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; 18 feet deep at mean low water and 230 feet wide from this bridge westerly about 800 feet; 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from said last point to Fox Hill Bridge. The total amount expended by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at this locality is put at about $250,000, of which about $37,500 is reported to have been contributed locally. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities lie around the basin at the head of the main ship channel, and consist of 7,500 feet of wharf frontage, mainly of stone or wooden bulkhead filled solid and partly of pile structures. On the west shore of the harbor is a large private coal and supply wharf of about 1,500 feet frontage. This wharf is approached by a branch channel from the main ship channel, dredged by the owner. On the north shore of the harbor are two wharves owned by the city of Lynn, one of masonry with pile platform, of 555 feet frontage, and one of masonry without pile platform, of 115 feet frontage, both in poor condition and used for storage of street materials, etc. No wharves exist on the Saugus River channel within the scope of its improvement by the Federal Government. Immediately above the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, about 1.5 miles above the mouth of the river, is a wharf with about 516 feet frontage on the north bank of the river. This wharf consists of a pile and timber bulk- head filled solid, with pile platform extension. At a point about 1,500 feet farther up the river, immediately below the Salem-Lynn turnpike bridge, on the north bank, is a pile wharf with about 175 feet frontage; and about three-fourths of a mile above this bridge, on the north bank, in the town of Saugus, is a large wharf consisting of wooden bulkhead and earth dike filled solid and having a frontage of about 500 feet; but neither wharf is in use for water-borne freight. 48 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 All the wharves in Lynn Harbor and Saugus River except the city wharves are privately owned and are. not open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel to 15 feet enables the smaller barges to carry full cargoes of coal to the wharves at all stages of the tide and barges of the greatest draft during the higher stages. It has been reported by local commercial interests that the cost of transportation was reduced 25 cents per ton by deepening the channel to 10 feet, and further reduced by increasing the depth to 15 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $3.36 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition, at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. In 1916 the inner channel and basin were redredged to the project dimensions, and a controlling depth of 15 feet at mean low water was restored. The western (Saugus River) channel in Lynn Harbor was dredged under a previous project to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water and 150 feet wide; but this improvement has been superseded, except for about 2,800 feet at the outer end, by the 12-foot channel dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in Broad Sound and Saugus River. The total expenditures under the existing project have, been $125,792.14 for new work and $59,407.86 for naintenance, a total of $185,200. Proposed operations.-Nothing is proposed. Commercial statistics.-Coal was the principal item of water- borne commerce during the calendar year 1923; valued at $2,483,027, comprising 85 per cent of the total tonnage, and carried in barges of 17 to 22 feet draft. Other freight included lumber, sand and gravel, gas oil; and the miscellaneous cargoes of an express barge line between Lynn and Boston, operating towed barges of 10-foot draft. The increase in tonnage for 1923 is due to larger receipts of coal and lumber. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919---------------------- 274, 639 $1, 536, 418 1922--------------------- 246, 285 $11, 859, 231 1920 264, 026 12, 607, 116 1923 . 360, 208 12, 997, 086 1921---------------------- 285, 729 14, 458, 216 1 Value of miscellaneous cargo not included. Financial sumncmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.39: New work----------------------------------------- $412, 229. 14 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 59, 407. 86 Net total expended---------471, 637. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--_----__-- 471, 637. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS.., DISTRICT 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work----------------------- --- ----------------------------- Expended for maintenance 1. - - - _---- _- --- $99. 18 $533. 69 $3. 36 Appropriated or allotted- - - - ------------- ------ - ------ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - $3. 36 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance__-- 3. 36 13. MYSTIC RIVER, MASS. (A5) Location and descr iption.-This river rises in Mystic Lakes, Mass., flows in a southeasterly direction, and empties into Boston Harbor near the Charlestown Navy Yard. It is 7 miles in length and is a tidal stream for about 5 miles above its mouth to Cradock Bridge, Medford, the head of commercial navigation, where it is closed by a dam forming a pond in the Metropolitan Park system. No records of discharge, etc., are available. The river between the two sections pnder improvement has a natural channel sufficient for commerce. (See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1106 and 1107.) Original condition.-The river up to Island End River (a dis- tance of 2,700 feet) had a narrow channel 14.4 feet deep at mean low water, but so narrow above the Chelsea (north) drawbridge as to be barely practicable. Above Island End River there was a prac- ticable channel 6 feet deep at mean low water to Dennings Landing, about 4 miles above the mouth in Boston Harbor, and 4 feet deep at mean low water about 2,000 feet farther. Previous projects.-The original project for the lower Mystic was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and cur- tailed by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The amount expended on the original project prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $125,723.20 for new work and $10,281.92 for maintenance, a total of $136,005.12. For further details of previous project see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. There has been no previous project for the upper Mystic. Existing project.-This provides for (a) a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of Island End River through the Chelsea (north) Bridge to the 35-foot channel of Boston Harbor, about one-half mile, 600 feet wide at the upper end, and gradually narrowing to 300 feet wide at the lower end, and widening of the entrance channel leading to Mystic Wharf. (b) A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the Boston & Maine Railroad (western division) bridge to about 2,500 feet above Wellington Bridge, about 1 mile, and thence 4 feet deep at mean low water, gradually narrowing from 100 feet to 50 feet at the upper end for about 2 miles to the head of navi- gation at Cradock Bridge in Medford. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. 50 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The estimates of cost, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects, are (a) for new work in the lower Mystic, $172,000, made in 1908; the latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500; (b) for new work in the upper Mystic, $25,000, made in 1891; the latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the improve- ment of the lower Mystic (H. Doc. No. 1086, 60th Cong., 2d sess.);: (b) the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the improvement of the upper Mystic (Annual Report for 1891, p. 672). A map showing the entire river is published in House Document No. 2108, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged to the depth of 30 feet at mean low water the area known as the " Middle Ground " lying between the Federal 30-foot channel and Mystic Wharf; a channel 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from Island End River, the head of the Federal 30-foot channel, to a point 2,800 feet up the river; and from this point a channel 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep at mean low water for a further distance of 2,000 feet. The above work was done at a cost of approximately $410,000. Terminal facilities.-In the section of the river benefited by the 30-foot channel project and the extension of that depth created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, there are on the south bank of the river five wharves aggregating about 5,646 feet of berthing space. These wharves consist of substantial stone or wooden bulk- heads, filled solid and in many cases fronted by pile platforms. On the north bank of the river within the scope of this improvement there is a large wharf for receipt and shipment of oil on an exten- sive scale; on the west bank of Island End River, which flows into Mystic River on the north at the head of the 30-foot channel, are situated.two large terminal wharves, of 800 feet dockage, for receipt and shipment of coal, coke, tar, and oil. These wharves are con- nected with the 30-foot channel by a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water dredged by private interests. None of the above wharves is publicly owned, and none is open to general public use. Beyond the scope of the 30-foot channel improvement, and ap- proaching and within the scope of the improvement of the upper Mystic, there are on the south bank in Charlestown and Somerville about 1,850 feet, and on the north bank in Medford about 1,235 feet of available dockage, of which 450 feet on the south bank and 435 feet on the north bank are customarily in use. These wharves con- sist of stone and wooden bulkheads, solid filled. None is publicly owned, but two are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inmprovenent.-The improvement has been of great ad- vantage to shipping interests in permitting the use of larger vessels, RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 51 especially as to the lower Mystic, where the deepest draft tankers enter at mean low water. As to the upper Mystic, the benefits have not been so great, due to the narrow and crooked channel and the difficulty in securing barges adapted to the conditions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $8.93 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project has been completed. To adapt the project to the openings in the draw span of the new bridge built by the city of Boston, the channel above the bridge was widened along the western edge; this work was completed in 1914. In 1916 the channel was cleared of shoals, restoring a controlling depth of 30 feet at mean low water. A channel of the projected dimensions was completed in the upper Mystic in 1906. A survey in 1916 showed that the portion of the channel normally 6 feet deep had an available depth of about 4.5 feet at mean low water, and that while the portion of the channel normally 4 feet deep had that depth throughout its length the width had been contracted by caving of the banks. *The total expenditures under the existing project have been, for the lower Mystic, $126,632.03 for new work and $15,002.81 for maintenance, a total of $141,634.84; for the upper Mystic, $28,794.88 for new work and $250 for maintenance, a total of $29,044.88. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds are for maintenance only, and are applicable to the upper Mystic. No justifiable reason for further work at this locality has been evident to the present time, and unexpended funds are being held until 'necessity becomes more apparent. No additional funds are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-Coal comprised 61 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1923, valued at $19,148,755; crude and fuel oil 29 per cent, valued at $6,752,112; sugar 334 per cent, valued at $12,932,979. The usual drafts for loaded boats carrying coal are 11 to 25 feet, carrying oil 24 to 28 feet, and carrying sugar 20 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919___----.....__ - -_____.1, 947, 100 $29, 166, 795 19221 _____________________ 3, 325, 472 $48, 088, 146 1920 1......1,187, 565 2 81, 508, 588 1923 1 ------ 3, 514, 972 47, 765, 791 1921 1...------ 2, 409, 095 36, 533, 718 1 Exclusive of through traffic to Island End River and Malden River. 2 High value due to abnormal rise in price of sugar. All the water-borne freight of Island End River and Malden River passes also through a portion of the Mystic River, and is in- cluded in all complete tables for the Mystic for years prior to 1920. During the year 1923 this in-transit freight amounted to 2,074,880 tons, valued at $15,899,713, and was chiefly coal. 52 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.43: New work_______________ ------------ $281, 150. 11 Maintenance_______________ Mainenane----------------------------------------2553.7 25, 534. 73 Net total expended -- 306, 684. 84 Total appropriations to date of this report__ 330, 684. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ...-............... -..-.............. ----........................................ Expended for maintenance 1 - $176. 64 $483. 89 $296. 69 $863. 99 $8. 93 Appropriated or allotted - 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -__ $24, 008. 93 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -_ 8.93 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------_ 24, 000. 00 14. MALDEN RIVER, MASS. (A 6) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 146. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; no reports have been received that the project is otherwise than in a satisfactory condition. It provided navigation facilities at the time the improvement was turned over to the Commonwealth for maintenance, in August, 1921. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work________-------------------- -------------------- $104, 853.08 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 45, 096. 92 Net total expended_ --- -- __ -- --- 149,950.00 Total appropriations to date of this report - 149, 950. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1924 Expended for new work ------ $82. 50 $78, 606. -. E xp e nd e d fo r m ainte n a nc e . . . . . . . . . Appropriated or allotted....____. 15. DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. (A7) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 149. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now 1 In addition $62,000 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 53 proposed and no estimate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ---------------------------------- ------- $94, 584. 55 Maintenance------------------------------------------------ 423. 45 Net total expended ------------ _ 95, 008. 00 Total apropriations to date of this report---- ------------- ____ 95, 008. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ---.- - --.----------.---.-------.-----.------- --------------------------. Expended for maintenance-------------- Appropriated or allotted -. ....-......... 16. WEYMOUTH FORE RIVER, MASS. (A8) Location and description.-This river rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. The head of navigation is an old dam at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth. Below this dam the river is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1106 and 1107.) Original condition.-The channel had a depth of 18 feet at mean low water throughout, with a least width of 300 feet up to a point about 1 mile below the bridge at Quincy Point, the 18-foot channel extending two-thirds of a mile above that point but being too tortu- ous for safe navigation of large vessels. In the remaining one-third of a mile to the bridge the channel was 150 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water. From the bridge at Quincy Point to the head of navigation at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth of the river, the channel was 12 feet deep at mean low water, gradually shoaling to 6 feet, and finally to 3 feet, where it became too narrow to be practicable. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and February 27, 1911. The amount expended on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1917) was $170,500 for new work and $5,250 for maintenance, a total of $175,750. For further details of previous projects see page 1745 of Annual Report for 1915. .Existing project. This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, with a maximum width of 600 feet at the bend below Channel Rock, from Hingham Bay to Weymouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, about 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The extreme range is 13.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $625,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. 54 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The existing project Wras adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916 (Senate Com. Doe. No. 13, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 803, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe project of March 3, 1905, the im- provement of the river above the Quincy Point Bridge was to be maintained by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other agency. This was provided for by a resolve of the legislature approved May 26, 1905, and accepted by the Secretary of War June 7, 1905. The Commonwealth his maintained the improvement at a total ex- penditure of $31,913.85 to December 1, 1919; it has done no dredging since 1916. The act of July 27, 1916, adopting the project for the 24-foot channel, appropriated two-thirds ($200,000) of its total esti- mated cost, subject to the condition that local interests contribute the remaining one-third ($100,000). The Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, by act approved April 22, 1915, provided $75,000, the Fore River Shipbuilding Corporation (now Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration) contributed $15,000, and the city of Quincy $10,000. Terminal facilities.-At the head of the Federal Improvement at Quincy Point Bridge there are, below the bridge, two wharves with aggregate dockage of 800 feet, one of masonry and one of masonry and concrete with pile platform extension. On Town River, outside the scope of Federal improvement, are four wharves with aggregate dockage of over 2,700 feet. These in- clude a lumber wharf, a coal wharf, and two wharves for repair and storage of yachts and commercial vessels. There is a large yacht basin. Above Quincy Point Bridge and served by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts improvement are eight wharves in use for water- borne freight, chiefly of masonry with pile platforms and having an aggregate dockage of 2,350 feet; a large floating dry dock, and a small pier with pipe line and bollards for receipt of crude oil. Extensive work has been in progress during the past year by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation and the Edison Electric Illuminating Co. The latter is developing an important station at that point. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Aside from the value of the increased depth obtained under previous and existing projects in connection with the extensive operations of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration, the facilities afforded have been recognized in other direc- tions, chiefly in the development of an extensive oil-refining plant and the location of an elaborate and extensive electric power plant. The improved channel has permitted the movement of larger vessels of greater draft to this locality, and the river is being used to a greater extent than was contemplated when the present project was adopted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Some work was done during the summer of 1923 in removing the ledge points at. Channel Rock by surface blasting. The work was not completed, and a small RIVERS AND IARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 55 quantity remains to be excavated. A survey was made to determine more closely the probable cost of widening the channel, now 200 feet wide, to its full projected width of 300 feet. Expenditures were $8,728.50, charged to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project depth has been se- cured throughout for a width of 200 feet, from the 24-foot contour in Hingham Bay to Quincy Point Bridge; except for a few ledge points at Channel Rock, where ledge was encountered, and except for the shoal near Peddocks Island, which was found to be ledge too extensive to warrant removal, and which has been buoyed by the Lighthouse Bureau. A depth of 23 feet at mean low tide exists over the greater portion of the shoal area at Channel Rock. The controlling depth is 22.4 feet at mean low tide. The total expendi- tures under the existing project have been $497,893.28, all for new work, of which $397,893.28 was from United States funds and $100,000 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-Since the last annual report commercial development and navigation have developed to such extent that the full project width of 300 feet, instead of the 200 feet already se- cured, appears to be justified. The work should be completed by the close of the working season of 1925; ledge projects above the plane of 24 feet below mean low tide, but the quantity is small. Funds now available will, it is expected, be sufficient. Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1923 crude and fuel oil, valued at $2,197,129, comprised 54 per cent of the tonnage. Coal, valued at $926,593, comprised 28 per cent. The usual drafts of oil tankers are 24 to 27 feet, and these vessels have customarily been obliged to enter at high tide. Smaller tankers can make use of the channel at low water. The usual drafts of coal barges are 12 to 18 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919__________ _____-_____ _ 113,030 $1,686, 813 1922______________________ 252, 772 $2, 375,006 ---------------- 1920 .....---- 129, 466 2, 665, 788 1923__-__________________ 325, 173 3, 818, 146 ------------ 1921_ .... 354,673 3,262,955 The increase in tonnage for 1923 is due to heavier movement in oil and coal and to receipts of sand, gravel, and construction mate- rials for a newly established corporation. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30; 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.36: New work--------------------------------------------1 $568, 393. 28 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 5, 250. 00 Net total expended ______________________ _______ 573, 643. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 633, 750. 00 1 In addition, $100,000 was expended from contributed funds. 56 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- ._._ $164, 212. 58 $61, 405. 72 $32, 582. 78 $31, 357. 23 $8, 728. 50 Expended for maintenance ...-- - ............ ........................................... Appropriated or allotted ... .. _ _ .. . 60, 000 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------$8, 835. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924---------------------------------------60, 000. 00 68, 835. 22 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work - - 8, 728. 50 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------_ 60, 106. 72 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 106. 72 July 1, 1924, balance available ---- _ 60, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_---------------- - 40, 000. 00 17. WEYMOUTH BACK RIVER, MASS. (#A'9) Location and description.-This river rises in East Weymouth, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 4.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay at the mouth of Weymouth Fore River. It is tidal for 4 miles, to the highway bridge at East Weymouth. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Charts Nos. 1106 and 1107.) Original condition.-The river had a practicable channel not less than 200 feet wide and not less than 12 feet deep at mean low water for about 1.5 miles to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chem- ical Co., except on a bar 400 feet wide and one-fourth of a mile above the mouth, where the depth was 11 feet, and except for the 2,000 feet below the wharf, where the depth gradually shoaled from 12 feet to 6 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at East Wey- mouth about 4 miles above the bar and about 3 miles above the wharf of the chemical company. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through the bar near the mouth, and for widening and straightening to the same dimensions the natural channel 2,200 feet long to the wharf of the American Agri- cultural Chemical Co. The mean range of tide is 9.4 feet. The extreme range is 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1891, is $22,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $750. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 256, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only commercial wharf has a frontage of about 1,400 feet and is a stone wall, filled, with pile platform in 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 57 front. It is privately owned, not open to general public use, and is' considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The work done has resulted in greatly increased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $27.13 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the fiscal year 1912. An examination of the channel in April, 1917, showed a controlling depth of 12 feet at mean low water throughout. The Navy Department has dredged a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from the improved channel of that depth opposite the chemical company's wharf to the naval magazine at Hingham. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $27,000, of which $20,478.68 was for new work and $6,521.32 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, and no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1923 the prin- cipal items of water-borne tonnage were fertilizer and fertilizer materials, sand and gravel, and ammunition. Fertilizer and fer- tilizer materials, received and shipped, comprised 66 per cent of the tonnage, was valued at $4,429,064, and was carried in steamers, sailing vessels, and lighters of 19, 13 and 10 feet draft, respectively. Sand and gravel comprised 17 per cent, was valued at $40,000, and was carried in barges of 16 feet draft. Ammunition, comprising 81/2 per cent, was carried in towed lighters of 8 feet draft between the naval magazine at Hingham and the navy yard at Charlestown. Receipts of sand and gravel, not previously a characteristic item of water-borne freight, increased the total tonnage for the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919___- 169,218 $6,164,786 1922_... 162,975 $6,016,521 1920 234,858 7,599,804 1923 ___ - - 228,588 9,387,415 1921 224,279 4,954,431 Financial summnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.51: New work ---------------------------------- ------- $20, 478. 68 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 6,521. 32 Net total expended----------------------- 27, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 27,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--------------------- - Expended for maintenance 1_-------------- - $472. 87 $27. 13 Appropriated or allotted.... . _ .. .. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 58 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __ -- .--- ------------------- $27. 13 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 27. 13 18. PLYMOUTH HARBOR, MASS. (A10) Location and description.-Plymouth Harbor is 45 miles by water south of Boston. Its outer anchorage, the "Cow Yard," is common to Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston. From this anchorage a chan- nel about 2 miles long leads through extensive flats to a turning basin at the inner end opposite the wharves of the town. The channel and harbor are protected on the sea side by Long Beach, a narrow, low sand spit extending generally parallel to the mainland and about 1 mile from it. The harbor contains 2,000 acres, much of which, out- side the channel, is dry at low tide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1107.) Original condition.-The channel and low-water line were about 2,500 feet from the wharves at Plymouth, to which access could be had only at high water. Long Beach was liable to inroads by the sea that would injure or destroy the harbor. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by act of May 26, 1824, and was for the preservation of the beach. A project for dredging was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified in 1877, 1884, and 1885. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1899) was $188,646.59 for new work and $2,013.21 for maintenance, a total of $190,659.80, from United States funds. For further details of previous projects see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for (a) protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of November, 1898, and for restoring Eel River to its former course; (b) dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at the entrance and on curves, from the bay to the town wharves, a distance of about 2 miles, with a suitable turning basin at the inner end; and (c) dredging a channel 150 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, extending in a northwesterly direction about 900 feet from a point off the site of northerly Craigs Wharf, with a turning basin 300 feet square, and of the same depth, at its northwesterly end; this channel to be connected with the 18-foot channel by an area to be dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet; the extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, are as follows: (a) For beach protection, $95,700, made in 1899; (b) for dredging, $167,000, made in 1911; (c) for dredging channel and turning basin, $102,000, made in 1920. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $500 for beach protection and $5,000 for dredging. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the beach protection (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1089); (b) the act of March 4, 1913, provided for dredging the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1194, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; (c) the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the 15-foot extension, including the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 996, RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 59 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-men- tioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local agency contribute one-half the estimated cost of the 18-foot channel. This condition was accepted by the Commonwealth on June 16, 1913, when an ap- propriation of $83,500 was made, and this amount was deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War August 25, 1913. The cost of the completed work being less than the estimated cost by $53,000, one- half of the saving, or $26,500, was returned to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on March 10, 1916, under provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The town of Plymouth, in 1909, at an expense of $12,000, restored and deepened to 10 feet at mean low water the channel and a por- tion of the basin completed by the Government under the project of 1875. In 1911, with funds provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the town of Plymouth, the Commonwealth dredged a channel to the wharf of the Plymouth Cordage Co. for a length of about 1,100 feet to the width of 250 feet and depth of 20 feet at mean low water and for a length of about 5,000 feet to the width of 150 feet and depth of 18 feet at mean low water, at a total cost of $143,744.11. In 1915 the Commonwealth dredged an anchorage basin, about 94,000 square feet in area, extending northerly from the Government Channel and easterly of' Long, North, and Craig Wharves, to the depth of 12 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $7,000; and com- pleted on December 7, 1917, at a cost of $9,375.34, the dredging of an extension to the Goose Point Channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for about 1,600 feet to within a short dis- tance of the originally selected terminal point. A contribution of $400 by the Plymouth Electric Light Co., re- ceived on July 17, 1915, was expended in deepening to 18 feet at mean low water a strip 60 feet wide along the outer edge of the old 9-foot turning basin, the work being done in conjunction with redredging the remainder of the basin to a 15-foot depth. The authorization by the river and harbor act of 1922 for the 15-foot extension at Plymouth requires that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests shall contribute one-half the total estimated cost of $102,000, construct a wharf and accessories upon plans meeting the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, and dredge an area connecting the existing 18-foot channel with the projected 15-foot channel. The Common- wealth of Massachusetts has contributed its share, or $51,000; the town of Plymouth, acting through a special committee, has made a contract for constructing a wharf and accessories, the plans of which have been approved by the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers. The area connecting the existing 18-foot with the pro- jected 15-foot channel has been dredged. It is expected that the work by the Town of Plymouth will be completed about the last of August of the present year. Terminal facilities.-During1921 the Pilgrim Tercentenary Com- mission, with a view to restoring the shore line practically as it existed at the time of the landing of the Pilgrims, condemned and 60 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 destroyed all wharf property except the steamboat landing. A project involving the construction of a modern terminal, including necessary changes in the dredged channel, has been planned; and the work is now in progress. Effect of iimprovement.-It has been reported that the old 9-foot channel effected a saving of 50 cents per ton in freight rates. Owing to abnormal conditions the completion of the 18-foot channel has effected no reduction in water rates, but it has made possible the use of vessels of larger capacity. Since the destruction of the wharves in 1921 there has been practically no water-borne freight movement aside from that carried on by a small local passenger steamer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A contract was made for all the dredging covered by the project, the excavated material to be placed behind a bulkhead and dike to be constructed by the town of Plymouth. Dredging can not be commenced until the bulk- head and dike are practically completed, which it is expected will be the case about the 1st of August, 1924. The expenditures, all from United States funds, were $25.80 for new work and $1,652.86 for maintenance, a total of $1,678.66. These sums represent office ex- penses, field examinations, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No field work has been done on that part of the project authorized by the river and harbor act ap- proved September 22, 1922; all other work under the project was completed in 1915. The 9-foot channel of the previous project has been superseded by the 18-foot channel under the existing project, and the 9-foot turning basin in part by the 18-foot turning basin. In the fiscal year 1916 the greater portion of the 9-foot basin, not in- cluded in the 18-foot project, was deepened to 15 feet at mean low water, with a cut 60 feet wide and 18 feet deep along the outer edge, the latter being for the convenience and at the expense of private interests. The net total of results accomplished under the previous and existing projects is the building on Long Beach of several miles of rubblestone dike, which has strengthened the beach by the accre- tion of a large volume of sand and shingle, the restoring of Eel River to its former course, and the dredging of a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide, widened at the entrance and on curves, and with a turning basin at the inner end, about two- thirds of which has a depth of 18 feet and about one-third a depth of 15 feet. The controlling depth, as ascertained in 1915, is 18 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing proj- ect have been as follows: United Contributed Total States funds funds New work_ .___......_ ....... _ ........... . $133, 871. 96 $57, 000. 00 $190, 871. 96 M aintenance ... ....... ...--------- - --- --------------- -- -. 41, 517. 01 400. 00 41, 917. 01 ..... Total ... ____________ -------------------- 175, 388. 97 57, 400. 00 232, 788. 97 Proposed operations.-Available funds will be applied to execu- tion of the project, which consists entirely in dredging under an existing contract. The time for beginning work depends upon conm- RIVERS AND IIARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 61 pletion of a dike and bulkhead to be built by the town of Plymouth, and to that extent is indefinite. The dredging is to be completed within 8 months from date of commencement. Present indications are that the work may be completed by the close of the fiscal year 1925. No additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-Owing to the removal of practically all the wharf properties at Plymouth during 1921 under the activities of the Pilgrim Tercentenary Commission, waterborne freight has since been almost completely discontinued. The town of Plymouth has raised funds for the construction of a public terminal, and plans have been prepared, though construction has not yet commenced. Steamer passenger service has not been interrupted. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919 - - - 14, 310 $139, 913 24, 000 1922 - _..-... 66 $11, 550 50, 294 1920 - 14, 994 200,058 70,197 1923 ------ 81 14,175 45,000 1921 .- 51 8,925 75, 902 Financial summary UNITED STATES FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,530.12: New work--------------------------------------------- $322, 518.55 Maintenance_ ---------------------------- 43, 530. 22 Net total expended_________-------------------- 366, 048. 77 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------420, 459. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 ------- -------------- --------------- . . . -__.. .$25. 80 Expended for maintenance 1_____ ------- $164. 06 $337. 36 1, 652. 86 Total expended 1-- 164. 06 337. 36 1, 678. 66 Appropriated or allotted - - ---------- 51, 000. 00 3,000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------- $53, 089. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 56, 089. 69 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_----------------------------------- $25. 80 For maintenance__--_---------------------- __1, 652. 86 1, 678. 66 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended___ --------------------- 54, 411. 03 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 45. 082. 64 July 1, 1924, balance available __ -- -- 9, 328. 39 62 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work----------------------------------- ------ $57, 000. 00 Maintenance ------------ 400. 00 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 57, 400. 00 Total contributions to date of this report----_ 108, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ......... . Expended for maintenance .. .. .-- -------- -- ---- --.--- ------- Contributed .....-------- ... -------------- ...-------------- ....-------------- ------------- $51, 000. 00 Amount contributed by Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1924 ... $51, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended______________________________ 51, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR PLYMOUTH HARBOR, MASS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,530.12: New work----------- ------------------------------ $379, 518. 55 Maintenance_---------------------__ 43, 930. 22 Net total expended--------------------------------------423, 448. 77 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report 528, 859. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 ._ $25.80 Expended for maintenance 1_...__ $164.06 $337.36 1, 652. 86 Total expended 1 ....... ... . ...... .. 164.06 337.36 1, 678. 66 Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed-.. ...... ...... ........-------------- 51, 000. 00 54, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- $53, 089. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Amount contributed by Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1924 --. 51, 000. 00 107, 089. 69 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__________------ ---------------- $25. 80 For maintenance 652. 86 1--------------------------------, 1, 678. 66 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------105, 411. 03 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 96, 082. 64 July 1, 1924, balance available_------------------------- 9, 328. 39 19. PROVINCETOWN HARBOR, MASS. (All) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1923, page 59. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is pro- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 63 posed and no estimate is submitted; the project (beach protection and dike) is in satisfactory condition at the present time. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work---------------------------------------- $347, 453. 72 Maintenance-------------------------------------------- 609. 00 Net total expended -- ------------------ 348, 062. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 348, 062. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - Expended for maintenance....- ---............- - - - - - --..........-.........-........................... - - ---- Appropriated or allotted-------- -------------.-------------------------------------- CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,656.05: New work ------------ -------------------------- $2, 847,590. 96 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 210, 520. 31 Net total expended------------------------------- 3, 058, 111. 27 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------3, 331, 194. 43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-........ $164, 295. 08 $140,012. 09 $32, 641.23 $33, 342., 89 $68, 168. 64 Expended for maintenance 1..... 176. 64 483. 89 559. 93 2, 207. 91 1, 692. 28 Total expended 1 --.......... 164, 471. 72 140, 495. 98 33, 201. 16 35, 550. 80 69, 860. 92 ..................---------...... Appropriated or allotted-----------------------......... ----...........----126, 000. 00 99, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- $243, 944. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923-------------------------------- .3, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924--------------------------- --------- 96, 000. 00 342, 944. 08 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------- $68, 168. 64 For maintenance 692.28 1------------------------1, 69, 860. 92 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--------------------------- 273, 083.16 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------- 206. 72 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--------------- ------------------. 60, 082. 64 60, 289. 36 July 1, 1924, balance available, including $24,328.71 available only for maintenance------------------------------- --- 212, 793. 80 10710---ENG 1924------5 64 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 2 2 1922 Report dated December 21, 1922, on preliminary examination of Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Mass., required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Con- gress December 12, 1923, but has not yet been printed. No change in the existing project for this locality by the United States is deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of Saco Harbor and River, Me., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT This district includes a part of the State of Massachusetts com- prising its southern coast line, extending as far north as Chatham Harbor on the east coast line of Cape Cod, and the whole of the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, including the Connecticut River, Conn. and Mass. District engineer : Maj. V. L. Peterson, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses after the title indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation] Page Page 1. Pollock Rip Shoals, Nan- 16. Thames River, Conn. (C5) __ 99 tucket Sound, Mass. (Al) _ 64 17. Connecticut River, above 2. Harbor of Refuge at Nan- Hartford, Conn. (D1) -. 102 tucket, Mass. (A2) ....... 67 18. Connecticut River, below 3. New Bedford and Fairhaven Hartford, Conn. (D2) ... 104 Harbor Mass. (A3) ...... 70 19. Duck Island Harbor, Conn. 4. Fall River Harbor, Mass. (El) ------- 108 (A4) 73 20. Branford Harbor, Conn. 5. Taunton River, Mass. (A5) 75 (E2) -------- 110 6. Newport Harbor, R. I. (Bi) 77 21. New Haven Harbor, Conn. 7. Providence River and Har- (E3)--------- 111 bor, R. I. (B2) ......... 80 22. Breakwaters at New Haven 8. Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, Conn. (E4) 114 R. I. (B3) ------------ 83 23. Milford Harbor, Conn. (E5) . 115 9. Harbor of Refuge at Point 24. Housatonic River, Conn. Judith, R. I. (B4) ...... 86 (E6)- 117 10. Harbor of Refuge at Block 25. Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. Island, R. I. (B5) ---- 88 (E7)-------- 120 11. Great Salt Pond, Block Is- 26. Westport Harbor and Sauga- land, R. I. (B6)- 90 tuck River, Conn. (E8) 125 12. Pawcatuck River, R. I. and 27. Norwalk Harbor, Conn. Conn. (Cl): . . . . . . 93 (E9) -- 125 13. Stonington Harbor, Conn. 28. Stamford Harbor, Conn. (C2) -- 95 (E10)-..- 129 14. Mystic River, Conn. (C3)--- 96 29. Greenwich Harbor, Conn. 15. New London Harbor, Conn. (E 1).... - 132 (C4)-______- 97 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DIST'RICT 65 POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBORS, FALL RIVER HARBOR, AND TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. (GROUP A) 1. POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, NANTUCKET SOUND, MASS. (Al) Location and description.-PollockRip Channel is the northerly passage through the shoals off the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound, connecting the deep water of the sound with that of the ocean. It is about 26 miles east from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., 'and 60 miles south from Provincetown Harbor, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The shoals through which the Pollock Rip Channel passes are some- times called the Monomoy Shoals. They extend about 14 miles north and south and about 8 miles e'ast and west. The material of these shoals is a shifting sand and gravel, and the depth and location of the channel are subject to considerable variation, due to wind and cur- rents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1107.) Original condition.--The channel was very crooked and in places narrow. It was subject to very strong tides and directly exposed to the full force of easterly storms of the ocean. Its length was about 121/2 miles, measured from the Handkerchief Light Vessel to the whistling buoy north of Pollock Rip Slue, and, with a depth of 21 feet at me'an low water, varied in width from about 2,000 to 3,600 feet, with a width of several miles as the Handkerchief Light Vessel was approached. The limiting depth was 27 feet for a width of 750 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging through the shoals at the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound with a Government dredge which is to assist the natural 'agencies in obtaining such depth and width as may be found practicable, but not exceeding a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width of 1 mile. The mean ranges of the tide are, respectively, about 3.7 feet at Monomoy Point, the nearest land, and 6.7 feet at Chatham Lights, about 9 miles to the north of this point. The ranges of spring tides at these two points are 4.4 and 7.9 feet. The ranges are largely affected by direction and force of storms. The original expenditure authorized for experimental work in this locality was $250,000. The estimated annual cost of operating the dredge is $200,000, including the neces- sary expenses of supervision. The existilig project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 536, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and extended by the act of July 27, 1916 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest map is published in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2056. Recom m ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.--The effect of the improvement on water rates, if any, can not yet be ascertained. The use of the present channel materially shortens the time and length of passage and re- duces the difficulties of navigation through or around these shoals. 66 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,. U. S. ARMY, 1924 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Dredging with the U. S. Dredge Navesink was in progress from October 1 until De- cember 3. During this period 364,082 cubic yards of sand were re- moved from the northern and southern edges of the cut between Bearses and Pollock Rip Shoals and from the broad shoal east of the eastern entrance to the channel. Operations were resumed with the U. S. Dredge Atlantic on April 15 and were in progress at the close of the year. During the period, 837,821 cubic yards were re- moved, principally from the north side of the cut, widening the channel to approximately 2,000 feet with least depths, except at the edges, of 31 feet. The expenditures, including office and other ex- penses, were $74,529.46 for new work and $14,560 for maintenance, a total of $89,089.46. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is believed that the depths previously secured over the northern tongue of the Stone Horse Shoal have been maintained and the bend in the channel there mate- rially improved. A cut approximately 2,000 feet wide has been dredged through between Bearse and Pollock Rip Shoals, in which the least depth, except at the edges, is 31 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are about 33 feet in the central half of the channel and about 31 feet in the remainder. The expenditures have been $1,049,297.80 for new work and $58,650.19 for maintenance, a total of $1,107,947.99. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to use a portion of the un- expended funds for a survey to determine the condition of the chan- nel after the dredging now in progress is completed and to apply the balance to the payment of outstanding liabilities and to remov- ing any deficiencies in width up to a total of 2,000 feet, and in depth, up to 33 feet, which may be found to exist. It is expected to prosecute the latter work with a seagoing hopper dredge during one month, either in the fall of 1924 or the succeeding spring, as conditions seem to dictate, using the funds when the work is in prog- ress at an estimated rate of $25,000 monthly. In order to provide for the proper maintenance of this important channel, funds can be profitably expended for the operation and supervision of a seagoing hopper dredge during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1926, as follows: Operation of seagoing hopper dredge, 2 months, at $22,500 ----------- $45, 000 Administration, engineering, and contingencies------------------- 5, 000 Total------------- ------------------------------- 50, 000 Commercial statistics.-There are no available means of determin- ing the amount and value of the commerce passing over these shoals, as it forms a part of that reaching many of the ports on the North Atlantic coast. The number of vessels reported as passing the Pol- lock Rip Slue Light Vessel from June 1, 1923 to December 31, 1923, exclusive of the period from August 25 to October 16, is 8,478, of which 3,089 were steamers, 3,265 barges, 1,253 tugs, and 871 sailing vessels. An estimate of the vessels passing during the full year is 9,800. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 67 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,434.67: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 049, 297. 80 Maintenance-----------------------------------------58, 650. 19 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 107, 947. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 1, 170, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-..--___ $43, 893. 50 $213, 077. 94 $144, 626. 16 $173, 419. 77 $74, 529. 46 Expended for maintenance 1.........................-- ....... 9, 043. 85 35, 046. 34 14, 560. 00 Total expended 1-_..._ -- 43, 893. 50 213, 077. 94 153, 670. 01 208, 466. 11 89, 089. 46 Appropriated or allotted--------........ 65, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 165, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 130, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- $21, 108. 72 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 05, 000.00 1-------------------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------- 25, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 32. 75 151, 141. 47 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------------$74, 529. 46 For maintenance ---------------------------- 14, 560. 00 89, 089. 46 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 62, 052.01 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------- 23, 646. 61 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------------------38, 405. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance ------------------------------- 2 50, 000. 00 2. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, MASS. (A2) Location and description.-The harbor of Nantucket is an in- dentation in the coast line on the northerly side of the island of Nan- tucket. It is 32 miles east-southeast from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 80 miles south from the harbor of Provincetown, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The harbor extends about 6 miles in a northeast and southwest direction, with a width of from one-half to 11/2 miles. It is practi- cally landlocked. There are about 68 acres 12 feet or more in depth and 750 acres 9 feet or more in depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 1107.) Original condition.-The channel entrance to the harbor was ob- structed by a bar 1.5 miles in width, over which was a limiting depth of 6 feet at mean low water. The channel was narrow, crooked, and subject to changes in location and- depth. 'Nott deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 68 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1829. The total expenditure under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, was $45,834.75. For further details of previous project see page 1747, Annual Report for 1915. Edisting project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water, without prescribed width, through the bar at the entrance and for converging jetties of riprap, 6,987 feet and 5,755 feet long on the east and west sides, respectively, of the harbor. The mean range of the tide is 3.1 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 5 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $475,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the west jetty (H. Doc. No. 18, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 423); the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the east jetty (Annual Re- port for 1885, p. 579); the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, provided for dredging in the channel between the jetties, the esti- mate for which had not been included in the 1885 estimate. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1916, page 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has expended for dredging and rock removal nearly $43,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four piers privately owned, but used by the public on payment of wharfage, affording a total of about 3,000 feet of docking space. Facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known, the project has had no effect on water rates, but the widening and deepening of the channel gives the use of the harbor to vessels of larger size. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. Expenditures were for maintenance contingencies and amounted to $104.74. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to project depth, with a width of 300 feet, and to 12-foot depth for an additional width of 150 feet. The jetties have been built to varying height and cross section with a view to controlling and regulating the scour be- tween them. Except for a gap near the inner end and numerous de- pressions along the length of the east jetty, the jetties are in fair condition. As determined in 1924, the controlling depth at mean low water in the entrance channel is about 11 feet for a width of 150 feet and between 9 and 10 feet for a width of 300 feet. To com- plete the project the west jetty is to be extended about 800 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $426,595.70 for new work and $104,417.55 for maintenance, a total of $531,013.25. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredging at the inner end of the entrance channel in accordance with the following: RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 69 Dredging 22,000 cubic yards at 60 cents----- ----------------- $13, 200. 00 Administration and inspection------------------------------- 1, 425. 50 14, 625. 50 It is believed that the condition of the east jetty is largely respon- sible for the shoaling which has taken place at the inner end of the channel. To adequately repair one large complete break and numer- ous lengthy and deep depressions which seriously impair the effi- ciency of the jetty the following funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: Riprap, 7,700 tons, at $5 ---- -------------------------- $38, 500. 00 Administration and inspection---------------------------- 3, 500. 00 42, 000. 00 This amount is in excess of the average annual expenditures for maintenance during the past five years, for the reason that during that period no actual work of maintenance has been in progress. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, building materials, fish, and general package freight carried in schooners, barges, and steam- ers. The bulk of the commerce was carried on a draft of from 9 to 12 feet. There was a general increase in commerce of 24 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1919---------........ 24,415 $6, 684, 493 52, 827 1922---------- 30, 081 $12, 801, 817 60, 559 1920---------- 26,494 4,028, 520 55, 892 1923.... 37, 672 13, 858, 920 61, 746 31,318 7, 214,446 1921----------.......... No record. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13.50: New work ----------------------------------------- $472, 430.45 Maintenance ------ --------------------------------- 104, 417. 55 Net total expended----------------- --------- --- --- 576, 848. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-------- --- 591, 473. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- Expended for maintenance --------- ---- --------- $1, 577. 43 1_____-.-----_____ ... -----...$381.38 _ -__ $104.74 Appropriated e.u.n.e......................t or allotted--------...............------..-------- 5,000. 00 -.. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 70 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- $14,730. 24 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 104. 74 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 14, 625. 50 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities --------- 31. 60 July 1, 1924, balance available --------------.--------------- 14, 593. 90 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----- ------------- ---- --- 134, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance -______________---______ 142, 000. 00 3. NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBOR, MASS. (A3) Location and description.- New Bedford Harbor is a tidal estuary on the western side of Buzzards Bay, about 21 miles by water north- westerly from the harbor at Vineyard Haven, Mass., and about 42 miles to the eastward of Point Judith Harbor, R. I. It comprises an outer harbor about 3 miles long by 17/s miles wide; an inner harbor about 2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide; and the tidal portion of the Acushnet River up to Belleville. The eastern portion of the harbor is called Fairhaven Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 1107 and 1108.) Original condition.-The greater portion of the harbor was very shoal, and the channel through it had a minimum depth of only 121/ feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Belleville, about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butler Flats. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of 1836 and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1875, and August 11, 1888. The amount expended under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907, was $170,700 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide from Buzzards Bay to the north end of Fish Island just above the New Bedford and Fairhaven Bridge, 2.9 miles; a turning basin covering about 14 acres, with a width of 700 feet above the bridge; and an anchorage below the bridge of about 114 acres between New Bedford and Fairhaven, all to be 25 feet deep at mean low water, the turning basin extending southward and the anchorage area northward along the New Bedford front to the bridge; and a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the turning basin north of Fish Island to Belleville, a distance of about 2.15 miles, with a turn- ing basin at the upper end 300 feet wide. The mean range of the tide is 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, is $640,610, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the entrance channel, anchorage area, channel through the bridge, and turning basin above it (H. Doc. No. 271, 59th Cong. 2d sess.); the act of 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 71 March 3, 1909, provided for extending the 25-foot channel along the New Bedford wharf front near the bridge; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Acushnet River to Belleville (H. Doc. No. 442, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, im- posed the condition that local interests construct a new bridge at Coggeshall Street with a draw opening of at least 100 feet and build a substantial wharf upon the city property at Belleville, the name given to the northern part of the city. These conditions have not been met, and there is no present prospect of their being complied with. Under War Department permit the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts has completed a channel 100 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water from the upper end of the turning basin north of Fish Island to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge at a cost of approximately $118,000. The Commonwealth has also con- structed in the harbor a modern steamship terminal at an approxi- mate cost of $500,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total of about 16,580 feet of docking space, of which 2,050 feet are publicly owned, 2,850 feet privately owned but used by the public upon payment of wharfage, and 11,680 feet privately owned and so used. The wharves on the New Bedford side of the harbor have or can easily secure railroad connection. One on the Fairhaven side is so connected. The facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the deep water on commerce is the use of deeper draft vessels and larger cargoes. These condi- tions have undoubtedly affected the water rates, but to what extent is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for maintenance restored the improvement to project depth except for an area along the southwestern edge of the anchorage basin where ledge exists and for a few minor deficiencies in the soft material. The expenditures, including administration and inspection, were $126,001.66, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 91 per cent comnpleted. The 25-foot channel and turning basin have been completed and all of the anchorage area except a few spots along the southwestern edge. The controlling depths at end of fiscal year were 25 feet in the entrance channel, through the bridge, and in the turning basin; 24 feet in the anchorage below the bridge; and in the Acushnet River, about 23 feet to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge and thence 7 feet to Belleville. The head of naviga- tion is about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butlers Flats. To complete the project requires the dredging of the 18-foot channel up to Belleville. The amount expended under the existing project was $580,823.67 for new work and $143,936.54 for maintenance, a total of $724,760.21. 10710--ENG 1924-----6 72 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required as the improvement is in a condition to meet the requirements of existing commerce. ComAmercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, and package freight carried in barges, schooners and steamers, drawing from 8 to 24 feet. The tonnage shows an increase of about 38 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement To and from New Bedford Year Tons Value Passengers 1919-...------------------------------------------------------ 949, 457 $175, 953, 566 217,153 1920_-............- - .....------ ------. -----_ 1, 029, 195 180, 693, 188 1174, 006 1921 ----- . -------------------------------------------------- 839, 824 110, 563, 594 (2) 1922..--------------------------------------------------794, 680 91, 942, 353 159, 620 1923....------------------------------------------------1, 088, 022 129, 689, 793 8175, 000 1Incomplete; no data available for excursion traffic. 2No data available. a Approximate. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $423.44: New work---------------------------------------- $751, 523. 67 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 143, 936. 54 Net total expended--------------------------------- 895, 460. 21 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 899, 610. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work....-_... -....-.-.-...-....-....... Expended for maintenance 1 .... $14, 617. 70 .............. $300. 00 ............ $126, 001. 66 Appropriated or allotted.........-.............. $300. 00 ..-----.. ..---------.$77, 000. 00 53, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- $77, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------------------------------- 53, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 151. 45 130, 151. 45 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -- ------------------------------------------ 126, 001. 66 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------- 4, 149. 79 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------6---------------------------- 2 0, 000. 00 1 Not deducting 2 Eclu~ive of availale funds. receits from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 73 4. FALL RIVER HARBOR, MASS. (A4) Location and description.-Fall River Harbor is situated at the mouth of Taunton River, on the east side and at the head of Mount Hope Bay, which empties into the ocean through Narragansett Bay and Sakonnet River. There is but slight protection to the harbor from the southwest; from other directions it is practically land- locked. It extends about 15/8 miles in a northeast and southwest direction and is from one-fourth to five-eighths of a mile in width. It is about 18 miles northerly from Newport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1210.) Original condition.-The approach channel through Mount Hope Bay had a ruling usable depth of about 21 feet at low tide, except for a distance of about 1 mile in the middle part of the bay, where the depth diminished to 15 feet. Along the water front in the re- entrant in the wharf line above the Old Colony Steamboat Co.'s wharf the depth was only 6 feet, and a considerable area of the har- bor, especially at the north end, had a much less depth. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. The total amount expended under this project prior to 1899 was $30,000. For further details of this project see page 1749, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water through Mount Hope Bay and Fall River Harbor, about 4%3 miles, and for an anchorage basin, about 951/2 acres in area, west of the harbor channel. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised "in 1910, is $318,412, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the channel through the harbor (H. Doec. No. 56, 55th Cong., 1st sess., smaller project) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel through Mount Hope Bay (same document, but the larger project); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the anchorage basin and for the pres- ent location of the harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 778, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 18 piers having 9,650 feet of docking space, and wharves affording 3,250 feet additional docking space. Three of the piers have direct railroad connection. One pier, belonging to the city of Fall River, is open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth in the approach channel and in the harbor permits the entrance of larger vessels and cargoes and facilitates the handling of the large steamers of the Fall River Line to New York. It is believed that the improvement has effected a decrease in water rates. 74 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were for administration and amounted to $821.47, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The controlling depths at mean low water as deter- mined in 1921 are: Entrance channel and channel through the basin, 25 feet; balance of anchorage area, 22 to 25 feet. The expenditure under the existing project was $300,204.16 for new work and $79,- 460.56 for maintenance, a total of $379,664.72. Proposed operations.--None. No additional funds are required as the improvement is in a condition to meet the demands of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, and steamboat freight, carried in barges, steamers, and schooners drawing from 10 to 24 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 10 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement of traffic H To and from Fall River arbor In transit Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1919----------- ." .. ------ 1, 126, 189 $205, 576, 991 427, 800 41, 247 $345, 639 1920 .. 1, 067, 116 .. .................------------------------------ 170, 750, 246 351, 200 40, 720 453, 297 1921---.------------------------------ 1, 545, 932 150, 973,755 (1) 1, 648, 009 22,750, 426 1922 ...........................------------------------------- 865, 689 151, 667, 578 285, 123 2 1, 588, 589 2 12, 927, 054 1923 ....... ...------------------------------- 952,444 158, 970, 067 304, 237 2, 432, 974 22, 922, 269 1 No data available. 2Taunton River traffic, which in 1922 includes 1,528,162 tons of petroleum products, valued at $12,444,500, handled in thelower part of Taunton River but within the city limits of Fall River; in 1923, 2,376,660 tons, valued at $22,477,171. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.35: New work------- ------------------------------------ $330, 204.16 Maintenance ---------------- --------- 79, 460. 56 Net total expended-- -------- ------ ----------- 409, 664. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report_---______------- 412, 411. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ....... 1 Expended for maintenance ------ $16, 476. 84 $11, 267. 86 $187. 06 $821. 47 Appropriated or allotted....---------.-----------. 31, 500. 00- ... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- $3, 568. 24 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance-------------- 821.47 ----------------------------------- July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 2, 746. 77 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities- -- 42. 50 July 1, 1924, balance available---------- ----- ----- 2, 704. 27 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 75 5. TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. (A5) Location and description.-TauntonRiver rises in Norfolk County, Mass., flows in a general south by west direction about 44 miles, and empties into Mount Hope Bay at Fall River. The river has a drainage area of about 529 square miles, with a mean fresh-water discharge of about 800 second-feet. It is tidal for 21 miles above its mouth to East Taunton Dam. Dighton, the lower end of the im- provement, is about 8 miles above the mouth of the river. Original condition.-That portion of the river under improvement had in places a width of about 100 feet and a minimum depth of 1 foot. The channel was crooked and obstructed in many places by bowlders. A vessel of 30 tons was as large as could go up to Taun- ton. The head of navigation was at Taunton, about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The total amount expended under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, was $63,000, for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean high water and 100 feet wide from the mouth of the river to Berkley Bridge, about 1 mile above Dighton (below Dighton the natural depth meets this requirement); thence the same depth and 80 feet: wide with enlargements to 100 feet at the bends to Briggs Shoal; thence same width and 11 feet deep to the shipyard; thence same depth and 60 feet wide to Weir Bridge. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet at the mouth, 5.5 feet at Dighton, and 3.4 at Weir Bridge. The maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more at the mouth and at Dighton, and about 5 feet at the head of navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $125,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 61, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 110, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of wharves, privately owned, but used to some extent by the public upon payment of wharfage, at Dighton, with docking space of about 480 feet; Church's Wharf and Briggs's Wharf, each 40 feet; North Dighton Wharf, 180 feet; and Weir Village, 5,460 feet; a total of 6,200 feet. There is no railroad connection with any of these wharves. A trolley line runs near to and parallel with the wharf line in Weir Village. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc.No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening and widening of the chan- nel enables vessels of light draft to carry full cargoes to Taunton 76 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 without, as previously, lightering at Fall River, thus effecting a sav- ing in the cost of water transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditure was for adjustment of retirement deductions and amounted to $9.55, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was prac- tically completed during the fiscal year 1900. The 11 and 12 foot channels had been dredged their projected lengths, and those shoals of subsequent formation offering the greatest obstruction to naviga- tion had been redredged several times. The channel has suffered some deterioration in depth and width. It is claimed by those using the channel constantly that it can not be used safely by vessels draw- ing more than 9 feet intending to make the round trip on one tide. The head of navigation is at Taunton. The expenditure under the existing project was $108,497.93 for new work and $32,691.25 for maintenance, a total of $141,189.18. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required, as the improvement appears to be in a condition to meet the demands of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists chiefly of coal, clay, sand, and petroleum products, carried in schooners, barges, and steamers drawing from 9 feet to 27 feet. The greater part of the traffic does not pass through the river to Taunton but is con- fined to the lower river within the city limits of Fall River and con- sists of petroleum products. There was an increase of 53 per cent in tonnage over that reported for 1922, due to larger receipts and shipments of petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers .......---. 1919------- 70, 302 $556, 753 14, 350 1922---------.......... 1, 588, 589 $12, 927, 054 (1) . 1920----------.... 83, 064 896, 929 14,350 1923 ....--------- 2,432,974 22,922,269 (') 1921--------- 1, 648, 009 22, 750, 426 (1) I No record. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.75: New work ---------------------- ----------------- $171, 497. 93 Maintenance------------------------ 32,691. 25 Net total expended---- ----------------- 204, 189. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------204, 189. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1.. --- . ..-- -------------......... $51.59 $1, 895. 53 $24. 15 $372.69 $9. 55 Appropriated or allotted ... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- $9. 55 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 9. 55 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 77 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,893.71: New work--- -------------------------- --------- $2, 774, 954. 01 Maintenance-__---------- 419, 156. 09 Net total expended-------------------------------- 3, 194, 110. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 3, 277, 684. 17 Fiscalyear ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 _---_ Expended for maintenance 1 -- $43, 893. 50 14, 669. 20 $213, 077. 94 19, 949. 80 $144, 626. 16 20, 635.86 $173, 419. 77 35, 987.47 $74, 529. 46 141, 497. 42 Total expended 1_---- __- 58, 562. 70 233, 027. 74 165, 262. 02 209, 407. 24 216, 026. 88 Appropriated or allotted--------- 65, 000. 00 186, 800. 00 165, 000. 00 137, 000. 00 183, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------$116, 416. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------------------------- ------------- 158, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924-------------------------------------- -- 25, 000, 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 184. 20 299, 600. 95 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year 1 For new work 529.46 $----------------------------74, For maintenance---------------------------141, 497.42 216, :026. 88 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--------------------------- 83, 574. 07 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities---------------------------23, 720. 71 July 1, 1924, balance available ----------------------------- 59, 853. 36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 294, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------- ------ 92, 000. 00 PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, PAWTUCKET RIVER, NEWPORT HARBOR, HARBORS OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH AND BLOCK ISLAND, AND GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (GROUP B). 6. NEWPORT HARBOR, R. I. (BI) Location and description.-Newport Harbor proper is at the main entrance to Narragansett Bay, with an inner harbor between Goat Island and the city of Newport. It is about 12 miles northeast of the harbor of Point Judith and 48 miles westerly from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, Mass. The inner harbor lies between Goat Island and the city in a deep indentation practically landlocked, in the eastern shoreline of Narragansett Bay. It is about 1.1 miles long, from 1,500 to 2,000 feet wide, narrowing at the northern entrance to 750 feet. The outer harbor from "The Dumplings" to Gould Island, a distance of about 31/ miles, has a width of from 1 toI 13/4 2 Exclusive of availabsle funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 78 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 miles, and over a greater portion a natural depth of from 6 to 23 fathoms. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1107 and 1108.) Original condition.-The capacity of the inner harbor was limited by shoals and the general business wharves could not be reached by vessels drawing more than 8 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1873, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, July 13, 1892, and August 17, 1894. The total amount expended under this project, prior to opera- tions under the existing project in 1907, was $234,695.71 for new work and $10,000 for maintenance, a total of $244,695.71. For fur- ther details of previous project, see page 1751, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 750 feet wide and 18 feet deep along the south and east sides of Goat Island about three-fourths mile; for an anchorage of the same depth about 95 acres in area south and east of the channel * for an anchorage 13 feet deep about 41 acres in area south of the 18-foot anchorage and east- ward of the city stone pier; and for the removal of Nourmahal Rock, in Brentons Cove, off Fort Adams, to 18 feet depth. All depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 3.5 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 6 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $483,900, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel along the southern and eastern sides of Goat Island (H. Doc. No. 121, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of May 27, 1908, provided for the 13-foot anchorage and the removal of Nourmahal Rock (H. Doc. No. 438, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 18-foot anchorage and for the present dimensions of the channel south of Goat Island (H. Doc. No. 610, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annnal Report for 1915, page 2070. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 19 piers and wharves with a total docking space of 13,270 feet, of which one wharf with a front- age of 560 feet is owned by the city of Newport, about 1,900 feet of frontage is privately owned but open to public use on payment of wharfage, and about 9,110 feet of frontage is privately owned and used. In addition to the above is the Government landing, comprising 2 piers, 3 floats, ferry slips, and wharves with a total docking space of about 1,050 feet. On two privately owned piers there are direct railroad connec- tions. No further rail connections are practicable without large rail- road extensions through high-priced business sections. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 79 These facilities are considered adequate for normal existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deeper and wider channel at the en- trance and through the harbor and the enlargement of the anchorage area have increased the number and size of the vessels using the inner harbor and greatly facilitate the passage of the large steamers of the New England Steamship Co. through the harbor. It is be- lieved that the improvement has somewhat reduced the water rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. Expenditures were for adjustment of retirement deduc- tions and amounted to $14.33, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted during the fiscal year 1916. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1921, are: Main channel, 19 feet (18 feet along edges); anchorages 17.5 and 12 feet, respectively. The expenditure under the existing project was $445,329.81 for new work and $14,229.79 for maintenance, a total of $459,559.60. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds will be needed during the fiscal year 1926, as the condition of the channel and anchorages is such as will meet the probable demands of commerce for several years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, general package freight, sand, and petro- leum products carried in steamers, schooners and barges. There was an increase in tonnage during 1923 of about 30 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Receipts and shipments Ferry In transit Year Tons Value Passen gers Tons Value Passen- gers Tons Value Passen gers - 1919...... 146, 514 $18, 537, 163 228, 995 39, 011 (1) 500, 000 346, 611 $227, 991, 101 258, 831 1920-----...... 150, 871 16,981, 693 203, 806 69, 185 $11, 307, 770 598,362 163, 573 89,315, 421 292, 561 1921-.... 142, 040 13, 928,639 (1) 136, 216 68, 108,000 578, 691 200, 000 120,000;,000 (1) 1922 ...... 103, 179 10, 278, 897 135,365 157,608 78, 804, 000 565-809 000 190, 114,000,000 (1) 1923......134, 011 8, 606, 251 165, 376 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1No data available. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $420.10: New work -------------------- --------------------- $680, 025. 52 Maintenance----------------------------------- 24,229. 79 Net total expended--------------------- -- --- 704, 255. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 704, 255. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work..- Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 616. 81 $145.15 $985. 58 $592. 76 $14.33 Appropriated or allotted ................ ._ a Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 80 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -__-------___ ____- $14. 33 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance __. 14. 33 7. PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, R. I. (B2) Location and description.-ProvidenceRiver is formed at the city of Providence by the junction of the Seekonk (Pawtucket) River and two small streams which rise in northern Rhode Island. It is tidal and flows southerly in a deep channel between broad flats about 8 miles, emptying into Narragansett Bay. It has a total drainage area of about 870 square miles and a mean fresh-water discharge of about 1,400 second-feet. The width varies from about 3 miles near the mouth to 1,400 feet at Fields Point and 200 feet at the head of navigation. Providence Harbor is in that part of the river north of Fields Point. The section included in the project is about 1.6 miles long and 800 to 1,800 feet wide. It is about 37 miles north of the Point Judith harbor of refuge at the entrance to Narragansett Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353.) Original condition.-Providence River was obstructed by many shoals, and at one point in the channel near the head of navigation the minimum depth was but 4.5 feet at mean low water. Providence Harbor was a shallow tidal basin, with a channel of about 12 feet depth and of varying widths. The heads of navigation were at Providence and at Pawtucket through its main branch, the Paw- tucket River. The navigable portion is about 8 miles in Providence River and 5 miles additional in Pawtucket River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 30, 1852, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1873, June 18, 1878, August 2, 1882, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The total amount expended under previous projects was $2,422,730.35 for new work and $58,538.96 for maintenance, a total of $2,481,269.31. For further details of previous projects, see page 1750, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an approach channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide through the river from the deep water of Narragansett Bay opposite North Point, on Popas- quash Neck, up to Fields Point, 8.8 miles, and thence with the same depth through the harbor, from 1,300 feet wide to 1,800 feet wide, reducing to 800 feet at Fox Point, and limited on the east and west sides by the harbor lines, excepting the area formerly known as Green Jacket Shoal, about 1.6 miles to Fox Point. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $1,568,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1369, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2068. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that "No part of this amount ($459,000, estimated cost of the work then provided for) shall be expended until satisfactory RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 81 assurances that the city of Providence or other local agency will ex- pend on the improvement of the harbor front in accordance with said document (H. Doc. 606, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) above referred to a sum equal to the amount herein appropriated and authorized." The proper assurances were promptly given and approved by the Secretary of War September 6, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided as follows: That no work in the harbor proper north of Fields Point shall be done until the Secretary of War is satisfied that the State and city have completed their proposed expenditures in the combined Providence and Pawtucket Harbors up to at least $2,000,000 for public terminals or other permanent public harbor improvements. This was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 9, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), by the addition of the words- or shall have given to the Secretary of War assurance satisfactory to himn that the expenditure of the $2,000,000 aforesaid will be' completed within a time satisfactory to him and not later than three years from the passage of this amendment. This assurance was given the Secretary of War and was approved by him June 11, 1915. The entire amount was expended by the State of Rhode Island and city of Providence prior to March 4, 1918. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total docking space of 29,250 feet, of which 4,800 feet is publicly owned, about 3,150 feet is open for general public use upon payment of wharfage, and 21,300 feet is privately owned and used. All of these wharves and piers are or can easily be connected with rail- road lines which are in operation on all sides of the harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A marine railway, capable of hauling out a vessel of 3,200 tons, with extensive facilities for marine repairs, has been established but is not now in operation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the harbor has modi- fied to a considerable extent the character of the vessels using it. Large steam colliers are replacing some of the coal barges formerly bringing coal from southern ports, where the trip involved a con- siderable ocean voyage; four large oil-producing companies have established distributing plants for supplying central and south- eastern New England, bringing their products from the Gulf of Mexico and other points in deep-draft tank steamers and barges, and a trans-Atlantic steamship line makes increased use of the harbor as a port of call for its larger vessels. Operations and results during fscal year.-Dredging under con- tract maintained and deepened to project depth the western portion of the harbor area, 700 to 1,300 feet wide, north of the Municipal Wharf. Contract was again entered into for maintenance and im- provement dredging but work was not commenced. Expenditures, including administration and inspection, were $161,694 for new work and $6,480.50 for maintenance, a total of $168,174.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 77 per cent completed. The approach channel from opposite North Point, on Popasquash Neck, to Fields Point has been dredged to project depth. Above Fields Point the entire harbor up to Fox 82 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Point has been dredged to a depth of 25 feet, and of this area all except a strip 100 to 500 feet wide along the eastern edge has been deepened to 30 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Approach channel up to Squantum, 30 feet (not full width) Squantum to Fields Point and western side of the harbor, 28 feet; balance of harbor, 20 to 30 feet; Green Jacket Shoal (not included in existing project), 21 to 26 feet. To complete the project requires the deepening to 30 feet of the narrow strip of the harbor area adjacent to the eastern harbor line. The total expenditure un- der the existing project has been $1,209,941.41 for new work and $78,796.74 for maintenance, a total of $1,288,738.15. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredging adjacent to Fields Point, to widen- ing the entrance channel opposite Fullers Rock Beacon and to com- pleting the dredging along the eastern side of the harbor area in accordance with the following: Dredging 246,000 cubic yards mud, at 20.9 cents- ------ ------- 51, 414.00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-------------------- 5, 586. 00 Total for maintenance _--- - ---- --- ____ 57, 000. 00 Dredging 34,000 cubic yards mud and sand, at 20.9 cents---------- 7, 106. 00 Dredging 450,000 cubic yards mud, sand, and clay at 26 cents----- 117, 000. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_---- ------------ 14, 745. 51 Total for new work 1138, 851. 51 Work on the first two dredging items will be commenced early in July and completed in about four months. It is expected that the work of completing the eastern portion of the harbor area will be commenced late this fall and completed in about 10 months. No estimate is submitted for additional funds as the completion of the above work will place the improvement in a suitable condition for present commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, sand and stone, lumber, and general package freight. A large proportion of the coal and oil was carried in steamers drawing from 20 to 28 feet. All freight handled on the Pawtucket River passes through Providence in transit. There was a general increase in traffic of about 32 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement To and from Providence In transit Year Tons Value Passen- Tons Value Passen. gers gers 1919............----------------------- 2,809,026 $424,886,097 368,005 336,832 $12,934, 557 17,733 3, 961,969 1 588, 507, 699 1920----------------------............................ 423,359 263, 469 38, 253, 369 (2) 1921_------------ - -.. 3, 926, 555 ......--- 487,302,119 474, 396 (2) (2) (2) 1922......----------------------- 3, 928,298 371, 830, 815 260, 500 3266,166 352, 123, 148 (2) 1923--------.............. .-... 5, 206,553 407, 505,292 280,147 4 272, 313 44, 481, 691 (2) 1Exclusive of 149,884 tons, valued at $844,141, traffic across river and local. 2No data available. SDoes not include foreign cargoes to and from New York carried by the Faber Line. 4 The tonnage stated as "in transit" passes through Providence Harbor en route to points on the Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 83 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,758.48: New work------------ ------------------------- $3, 632, 671.76 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 137, 335. 70 Net total expended ------------------------------ 3, 770, 007. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 3, 965, 858. 97 Fiscalyear ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-.--... $36, 953. 91 $173, 573.78 $32, 790. 13 $9, 197. 62 $161, 694. 00 Expended for maintenance I _.....------- 21, 816. 63 .... 1, 036.11 6, 480. 50 Total expended 1....... 36, 953.91 195, 390. 41 32, 790. 13 10, 233. 73 168, 174. 50 Appropriated or allotted-........... ...................... 8, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 89, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- $275, 026. 01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ..- ------- 89, 000. 00 364, 026. 01 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---- ------------------------ $161, 694. 00 For maintenance----- ----------------------- 6, 480. 50 168, 174. 50 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------------- 195, 851.51 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-- 00. 00 1-------------- July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 58, 250k 00 58, 350. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available---------------------------- 137, 501. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 199, 000. 00 8. PAWTUCKET (SEEKONK) RIVER, R. I. (B3) Location and description.-This river rises in the vicinity of Worcester, Mass., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 50 miles, emptying into Providence Harbor at Providence. Between Providence and Pawtucket, a distance of 5.2 miles, within which lies the improved portion, the river is tidal. Above Paw- tucket the river is used for power and manufacturing purposes, and is known as the Blackstone. The total drainage area is about 547 square miles, and the mean fresh-water discharge is about 885 sec- ond-feet. The width between the shores varies from about 100 feet, between the wharves at Pawtucket, to about 2,700 feet in the widest portions. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353.) Original condition.--he river between Providence and Paw- tucket was a shoal tidal basin, with a ruling depth in the channel of about 5 feet at mean low tide. The basin was wide and the channel narrow and obstructed by two bridges with badly arranged draws. Navigation was difficult even for small vessels. The head of navi- 1In addition, $7,594.68 was contributed by the city of Providence and expended on this work. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 84 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 gation was at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and March 3, 1899. The total amount expended under this project, prior to operations under the existing project in 1906, was $334,425.32 for new work. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1749. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 16 to 18 feet deep at mean low water and 150 to 230 feet wide from Red Bridge up to the ledge rock between the wharves at Pawtucket, 3.2 miles; thence with same depths 100 to 60 feet wide through the ledge to Division Street Bridge, 0.2 mile. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet at the mouth of the river and about 5 feet at Pawtucket, and the maxi- mum ranges due to the combined effect of wind and other causes are about 8 and 7 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $423,035, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects but includ- ing the expenditure of funds contributed by the State of Rhode Island to the amount of $67,792. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 16-foot channel from Red Bridge, in Providence, to Division Street Bridge, in Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 113, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1909, authorized the expenditure of any balance remaining after the completion of work then under contract in deepening the channel to 18 feet at mean low water and increasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of navigation; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening the channel except through the ledge at Pawtucket to 150 feet (H. Doc. No. 1283, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the pres- ent width of channel through the ledge at Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 654, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1283, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, required that the State of Rhode Island, or other agency, should con- tribute $67,792, which was complied with. The State of Rhode Island h'as also built a public wharf, 700 feet in extent, with a ware- house and suitable approaches, at a cost of about $234,000. Terminal facilities.-Includingthe wharves at Phillipsdale, two in number, these cover about 4,540 feet of docking space, of which 700 feet is owned by the State of Rhode Island and 3,840 feet owned 'and used by private owners. Of the latter some portions are at times used by the public upon payment of wharfage. The two wharves at Phillipsdale have near-by rail connections in the yards of the owners. The other wharves 'are not conveniently located for rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inprovement.-The increased width and depth in the channel enables vessels of larger size to reach Pawtucket and has enabled one of the large manufacturing plants at Phillipsdale to RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 85 bring its coal and raw material from New York points in its own vessels to Phillipsdale. These conditions tend toward increased economy in the handling of the commerce of the port. The freight line to New York materially facilitates the delivery of valuable pack- age freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for improvement and maintenance in progress at the beginning of the year completed the widening of the 150-foot channel at Pawtucket and completed the restoration of the channel to project dimensions up to the head of navigation. The expenditures, including adminis- tration 'and inspection, were $3,840.21 for new work, and $48,078.64 for maintenance, a total of $51,918.85. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 82 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to 16 feet depth, 150 feet wide, increased to 230 feet for 1,600 feet in the bend at Phillipsdale, up to the rock area between the wharves at Pawtucket, through which the general width is 60 feet. The controlling depth at mean low water as determined in 1923 was 16 feet to Division Street Bridge. The head of navigation is at the head of Pawtucket Falls, 'about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. To complete the project requires the widening to 100 feet of a portion of the channel through the ledge at Pawtucket. The expenditure under the exist- ing project has been $278,149.95 for new work and $114,138.22 for maintenance, a total of $392,288.17. In addition, there was expended $67,792 for new work from contributed funds, a grand total of both United States and contributed funds of $460,080.17. Proposed operations.-None. No work for m'aintenance is needed in the existing channel and under present conditions further widen- ing through the rock area is not urgently needed. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fuel oil, metals, and general package freight carried in barges, schooners, and steamers drawing from 6 to 16 feet. A line of freight steamers operates between Pawtucket and New York. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919_- .... - 318, 883 $9, 568, 557 22, 400 1922_ .. .. 266, 166 $28, 659, 098 (1) 1920. .... . 0,-- 349, 566 15, 740, 107 7, 750 1923____ .. 272, 313 44, 481, 691 (1) 1921. _ .---.- 209, 476 20, 850, 371 (1) 1 No record. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $54.97: New work_----------------------------------------- $612, 575. 27 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 114, 138. 22 Net total expended --------------------------------- 726, 713. 49 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 726, 713. 49 86 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-._--__ $55, 122. 91 $35, 573. 69 - $19, 020. 15 $3, 840. 21 Expended for maintenance 1-----. 9, 499. 84 $70. 97 48, 358. 73 48, 078. 64 Total expended 1--........ 55, 122. 91 45, 073. 53 70. 97 67, 378. 88 51, 918.85 Appropriated or allotted -------- ---- ------- -------..... 90, 000. 00 29, 000. 00 $ _ July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- $51, 918. 85 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work _--- -____ - ______ ___ __- $3, 840. 21 For maintenance -____________- 078. 64 -____________48, 51, 918. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------- 77, 000. 00 9. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH, R. I. (B4.) Location and description.-Point Judith is the southern extremity of the township of Narragansett, R. I., and marks the southwestern entrance to Narragansett Bay. The harbor is formed by a main detached breakwater in front of a curve in the shore line to the westward of Point Judith, and two shore-arm breakwaters, one to the east and the other to the west of the main breakwater. It is roughly triangular in shape and extends at its farthermost southerly point about 6,600 feet from the shore. It is about 14 miles southwest of Newport Harbor, R. I., and 33 miles east of New London Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The only protection to the site of the harbor was the mainland to the north. 'A long ledge, known as Squid Ledge, projects over a mile from shore in a direction south by east about 1.5 miles west of the point. This locality was dangerous for vessels to pass during a storm, especially for the light-built barges trans- porting coal from New York Bay points to Narragansett Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a main breakwater 6,970 feet long, to be built in part on Squid Ledge approximately in the form of the letter V, with its apex facing outward in about a south by west direction and lying from one-half to 11/4 miles from shore; for an easterly shore-arm breakwater 2,240 feet long, to be built to the east- ward of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,200 feet in width; for a westerly shore-arm breakwater 3,560 feet long, extending toward the west arm of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,500 feet in width; and for the removal of two shoals, one in the anchorage area and the other near the east- erly entrance, to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water. All breakwaters are of the rubble mound type, with the crest 10 feet above mean low water. The mean tidal range is about 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $2,537,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $12,000. 1 Not deducting receiptsr from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of availabsle funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 87 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the main breakwater (H. Doc. No. 66, 51st Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present dimensions of the east- ern shore arm (H. Doc. No. 60, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 95, 1910, provided for the western shore arm (H. Doc. No. 911, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for re- moving the two shoals from the harbor area (H. Doc. No. 2001, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-named document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement. So far as known the improvement has had no effect on water rates, but the harbor forms a fairly good refuge for vessels during fogs and storms. Its effect, then, has been to reduce the hazards of navigation and has probably been reflected in the rates for marine insurance. During the calendar year 1923 a total of 695 vessels of all classes used the harbor for purposes of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were $26.55 for adjustment of retirement deductions, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1921, the breakwaters being completed in 1914. There had been created a harbor which is fairly suitable for the shelter of vessels but has poor holding ground. The breakwaters are in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are: West entrance, about 20 feet; east entrance, about 22 feet; behind the breakwaters, 18 to 35 feet. The expenditures have been $2,371,467.55 for new work and $235,233.08 for maintenance, a total of $2,606,- 700.63. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are needed, as the breakwaters are in fair condition and do not urgently need repairs. Commercial statistics. There are no commercial wharves in this harbor. During the calendar year 1923 a total of 695 vessels- steamers, schooners, barges, and miscellaneous craft-sought refuge behind the breakwaters. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $526.34: New work --------- ------------ -- $2, 371, 467. 55 Maintenance--------------------------------------------235, 233. 08 Net total expended __---------2, 606, 700. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report_-__ _______-------2, 606, 700. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I-- -------- $36, 186. 43 .aintenance........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $166. 69 -$616. 49 $26. 55 Appropriated or allotted----- --------------...--------.---------------------------- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____--______-__________ _ $26. 55 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 26.55 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B5) Location and description.-Thisharbor is on the east side of Block Island, near the south end of the inner curve of the shore line, and varies in width from about 1,200 to 200 feet in an easterly and westerly direction in a length of about 1,800 feet north and south, and is protected from the southeast to north by breakwaters. It is 13 miles south-southwest from Point Judith Harbor and about 25 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The site of the harbor was on the ocean shore, unprotected except by the shore line of the island, which formed a partial shelter from southerly and westerly storms. There was no natural harbor on the island, and the small boats used by the fisher- men were hauled up on the beach by oxen for safety during storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater extending northerly about 1,950 feet from the shore; a similar break- water about 1,100 feet long, extending northerly and easterly, inclos- ing, with the main breakwater, an area about 800 feet square desig- nated as the inner harbor; masonry walls in the southeastern corner of the inner harbor inclosing an area nearly 300 feet square desig- nated as the basin; and for dredging to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water the outer protected area and about 67 per cent of the inner harbor and of the basin. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $596,174. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the main break- water (Annual Report for 1868, p. 785, and S. Misc. Doc. No. 81, 40th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the breakwater inclosing the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 27, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 610) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for raising the crest of the main breakwater and making it sand tight (H. Doc. No. 83, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the basin walls and for the present dimensions of the dredged areas (H. Doc. No. 828, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one wharf publicly owned with about 500 feet of docking space and one privately owned and used with about 180 feet of docking space. In addition, fishermen in small boats land their fares alongside the basin walls. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known no effect has been pro- duced on water rates, but the building of the breakwaters has af- RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 89 forded an excellent shelter for the fishing boats on the east side of the island, and the deepening and widening of the channel allows vessels of greater draft and size to reach the wharves. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 96 per cent completed. The breakwater and harbor walls were com- pleted in 1916. The inner harbor and basin have been dredged to project dimensions and a channel 60 to 130 feet wide and 15 feet deep has been dredged from deep water outside of the harbor up to the town wharf. The controlling depths at mean low water as deter- mined in 1924 are: Channel through harbor, 14 feet to steamboat wharf, thence about 13 feet to the head of the basin; inner harbor, 15 feet, except at the edges. There are several small shoals of embedded bowlders surrounded by deep water at the entrance to the harbor opposite the breakwater light on which the depths vary from 12 to 15 feet. The breakwaters and basin walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deepening of the outer protected area adjacent to the dredged channel, including the removal of the bowlders referred to above. The expenditures have been $574,400.36 for new work and $66,766.38 for maintenance, a total of $641,166.74. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to redredging those portions of the channel which have shoaled due to sand washing through or over the breakwater and to removing bowlders from the channel opposite the outer end of the breakwater in accordance with the following: Removing 2,300 cubic yards boulders and gravel, at $2_-------------- $4, 600 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------- 400 Total for new work-------------------------- --- 5, 000 Dredging 8,000 cubic yards sand, at 57 cents__--------------__ 4,460 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ------------------- 540 Total for maintenance - _________-- - -___5, 000 It is expected that the work will be commenced early in the spring of 1925 and completed in about one month. No additional funds are required as the completion of the above work will place the channel in suitable condition for traffic for several years unless further shoals are caused by severe storms. Comnmercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were fish, coal, and general package freight carried on a draft of from 8 to 10 feet. Comparative statement calendar Calendar Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 1919-- ..... - 5, 980 $971, 272 50,912 1922_--------- 8, 720 $1,120,000 30,686 1920 ......... 6, 385 1, 465,916 49, 600 1923-.-_--_ - - 8,938 1,949,349 43, 683 13,733 1921----------..........2,716,820 60, 000 90 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $209.96: New work ----------------------------------- $574, 400. 3G Maintenance-- --- 66, 766. 38 Net total expended-------------------------------- 641, 166. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report 51, 166. 74 6------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work.... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... . Expended for maintenance 1..... $8. 13 $4, 738. 64 $7, 470. 13 $88. 96 ...-------------- Appropriated or allotted.....----- ....-------------.. --------------. 5, 650. 00 -------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------ $10, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------- -10, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 216, 000. 00 11. GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B6) Location and description.-Great Salt Pond is located near the central part of the island of Block Island and is 121/2 miles south- west by south from the harbor of refuge at Point Judith and 20 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. It is a body of water approximately 1.25 miles long and about 0.6 of a mile wide, con- nected with the ocean by a channel through the beach. Its greatest depth is about 60 feet, and it has an area of about 150 acres exceed- ing 18 feet in depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Siurvey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-It was a large pond with brackish water, separated from the ocean on the west side by a narrow strip of beach. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the ocean to the pond 600 feet wide with a central depth of 25 feet for a width of 150 feet, sloping gradually up to a depth of 12 feet in a width of 504 feet and thence up to the low-water level with a bottom slope of 1 on 4; for two riprap jetties at the entrance, the northerly one 1,200 feet long, and the southerly one extending 350 feet beyond the 18- foot contour; and for stone revetment and sand fences to protect the banks through the original beach. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $305,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the channel and 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 91 jetties (H. Doc. No. 57, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the revetment and sand fences and made final provision for the present dimensions of the jetties (Annual Report for 1900, p. 1276). The latest published map is in House Document No. 60, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without special con- ditions being imposed, but the State of Rhode Island and town of New Shoreham expended $124,975.90 in dredging and protecting the channel. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one privately owned wharf with a docking space of 575 feet for public use on payment of wharf- age and several small wharves, privately owned, around the shores of the pond. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known no effect has been pro- duced on water rates by the improvement. The accessibility of the pond gives to vessels a harbor of refuge with an entrance channel of good width and depth and has afforded means of reaching vessels in distress that could not have been reached from the open shore. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no op- erations during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $173.52 for administration and maintenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 62 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged into the pond 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep, with a central depth of 25 feet over a width of 150 feet, and the south jetty extended to a length of 1,691 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1924, are: For 100 feet width in central portion, 23 feet; for 200 feet width in the central portion, 18 feet and over. The jetty is in fair condition. To complete the project requires the further widening and deepening of the channel, the extension of the south jetty, and the construction of the north jetty. The expenditures have been $189,036.65 for new work and $24,173.03 for maintenance, a total of $213,209.68. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required, as the improvement meets the demands of present commerce. Commercial statistics.-It is estimated that 1,100 tons of miscel- laneous steamboat freight valued at $500,000 were brought in and 700 tons of fish valued at $115,000 were shipped out of this harbor. About 8,500 passengers were carried. One steamer of 317 tons and 12 feet draft made about 180 arrivals and departures. About 40 motor fishing boats use the harbor as a home port. Comparative statement Caendar Tons Value Passengers Calendar Tons Value Passengers 1919 ....... 7,856 $1,297,319 34, 755 1922 ..... 3, 370 $831, 000 9, 000 1920----. --- 8, 667 2, 082, 242 35, 331 1923 1---...- 1, 800 615, 000 8, 500 1921---------........- 5, 550 2, 141, 000 53, 000 I Estimated. 92 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ----------------------------------------- $189, 036. 65 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 24, 173. 03 Net total expended --------------------------------- 213, 209. 68 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 213, 209. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work- ......-... . . - --.. ..... .... ....... . ........... Expended for maintenanice--.... $183. 14 $175. 92 $420. 88 $106. 41 $173.52 Appropriated or allotted ....--- ---- .......- -----------. - July 1, 1923, balance uneXpended--------- --------------------- $173. 52 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 173. 52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- 1116, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, eto., amounting to $2,969.85: New work --------- ------------------------------- $8, 060, 177. 11 Maintenance ----- ____--------------- 601, 876. 20 Net total expended---------- ------------------ 8, 662, 053. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 8, 867, 904. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 2- - $92, 076. 82 .$209, 147. 47 $68, 976. 56 $28, 217. 77 $165, 534. 21 Expended for maintenance 2.. 1, 974. 77 36, 376. 18 8,947. 56 50, 799. 46 54, 773. 54 2 - - Total expended .......... 94, 051. 59 245, 523. 65 77, 924. 12 79, 017. 23 220, 307. 75 Appropriated or allotted---........-------------..... ---.....------- 103,50. 00 304, 000. 00 99, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $327, 159. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924-------------_--------- 99, 000. 00 426, 159. 26 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_--- --------------- $165, 534. 21 For maintenance--------------- 54, 773. 54 220, 307. 75 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_------ --------------- _ 205, 851. '51 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--------------- $100. 00 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------------- 58, 250. 00 58, 350. 00 ----------------------------- July 1, 1924, balance available_ 147, 501. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------- 1408, 000. 00 --- I Exclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 93 STONINGTON AND NEW LONDON HARBORS, CONN., PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN., AND MYSTIC AND THAMES RIVERS, CONN. (GROUP C.) 12. PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN. (Cl) Location and description.--This river is formed by the junction of the Wood and Charles Rivers in southwestern Rhode Island and flows westerly and southerly 18 miles and enters Little Narragansett Bay about 13 miles east of New London Harbor. Its drainage area is about 300 square miles. The discharge is not known. The lower 9 miles is the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut. The river is tidal to Westerly, R. I., 5 miles from the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usual low-water depth was 41/2 feet through the bay; in the river the depth was 1 to 11/2 feet and the channel was crooked and obstructed by numerous shoals and rocks. The head of navigation was and is at Westerly, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 and exclusive of $35,856.96 expended on the improvement of Little Narragansett Bay between 1876 and 1884, was $97,500.01, all applied to new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1752 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Little Narragan- sett Bay and in the river 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from Stonington to Avondale, about 4 miles; 100 feet wide from Avondale to the lower wharves at Westerly, about 3 miles; and 40 feet wide between the lower and upper wharves of Westerly, about one-half mile; and for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill, at the southeastern part of the Little Narragansett Bay. The mean tidal range is 2.6 feet at the mouth of the river and 2.3 feet at the head of navigation, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $149,732.97, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600, to be appropriated in sums of $3,000 at intervals of five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 62, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the removal of obstruction at Watch Hill. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1875-76 wharf owners contributed about $2,000, one-half of the expense, for dredg- ing in the upper end of the improvement. Obstructive bowlders have been removed from the bay at Watch Hill by the Watch Hill Improvement Association at a cost of $1,025. - Terninal facilities.-There are at present in commercial use 11 bulkhead and pile wharves located near the head of navigation at 94 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Westerly and Pawcatuck. These wharves are all privately owned, but at least two are open to public use on equal terms. There is on the river an old wharf to which the town of Westerly claims title, but the structure is in poor condition and has not been used for many years. There are several other old and unused wharves at Westerly and along the river. The wharves in use have no direct connection with the railroad, but access may be had to all over improved high- ways. The facilities are considered adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords the town of Westerly the benefit of water transportation, which could not be car- ried on under modern conditions in the river in its natural state. The improvement has resulted in a reduction of the water rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Dredging under con- tract for maintenance and improvement restored the previously com- pleted portions of the channels through the bay and in the river and removed the obstructive bowlders at Rhodes Folly Beacon, except for two small areas believed to be ledge, at the edges of the 100-foot chan- nel. The expenditures were $305.48 for new work and $55,624.94 for maintenance, a total of $55,930.42. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 75 per cent completed. The channels have been dredged to project dimensions, except that the channel in the bay has a general width of 100 feet, the channel in the river at Pawcatuck Rocks a width of 80 feet, and there is a slight deficiency in depth at the channel edges in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon, due to ledge rock or large bowlders deeply embedded in the bottom. The most obstructive bowlders in the vicinity of Watch Hill have been removed, the work being completed in: 1913. The controlling depths as determined in 1924 are about 10 feet to the head of navigation at Westerly and 6 feet to Watch Hill. The work required to complete the project is the widening of the channel to 200 feet to Avondale and the removal of rock at Pawcatuck Rocks and in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Bea- con. The expenditure under the existing project has been $85,335.10 for new work and $78,377.80 for maintenance, a total of $163,712.90. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required, as the channel is now in condition to meet the demands of commerce for several years. Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight for the calen- dar year was coal, carried in box barges drawing from 8 to 11 feet, with an average draft of 9 feet. Sand and clay was carried by schooner. Barges of large capacity lightly loaded were used to secure a maximum load for minimum draft. There was an increase in ton- nage, mainly due to coal, of 54 per cent over the amount reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value . 27,359 $226, 972 1922 ..................... 1919--------............ 601 21, $326, 868 1920--------............ . 27, 724 369, 739 1923---................33, 158 378, 957 1921----------------..... 35, 311 396, 574 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 95 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $631.27: New work ---------------------------------------------- $182, 835. 11 Maintenance 78, 377. 80 Net total expended --.............--.... 261, 212. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------263, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $2, 500. 00 $305. 48 Expended for maintenance 1__ 4, 546. 08 $36. 29 $50. 00 $1. 026. 06 55, 624. 94 Total expended 1 -- ___ 7, 046. 08 36. 29 50. 00 1, 026. 06 55, 930. 42 Appropriated or allotted-------- --- 33, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- $33, 217. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------- ------------------ 25, 000. 00 58, 217. 51 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work----------------------------------- $305. 48 For maintenance 55, 624. 94 55, 930. 42 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -- ___ 2, 287. 09 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------- 64, 300. 00 13. STONINGTON HARBOR, CONN. (C2) Except for a slight deficiency in width across Noyes Shoal, this project was completed in 1897. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters and channels are in a condition to satis- factorily meet the demands of commerce for several years. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 202. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were fish, coal, and sand. With the exception of the fish, the freight was carried in barges, canal boats, and schooners drawing from 8 to 9 feet of water. There was an increase, about 30 per cent, in tonnage over that reported for 1923 due to larger receipts of coal. During the year about 800 vessels sought refuge behind the breakwaters. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1920__--------------- 6,523 $265,575 1922---------------------- 3,717 $171,345 1921- 5,394 249,280 1923 --------------------- 4,827 330,204 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 10710---EN 1924-----7 96 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $210.22: New work_-- - -_ -- _---------------------- - $337,453.83 Maintenance .........- - 6, 000. 00 Net total expended- 343, 453. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report- --- _-__ 343, 453. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .________---------- Expended for maintenance - --.. ---.... -- .- . . . . . . . . . . . .- -. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Appropriated or allotted _---------- 14. MYSTIC RIVER, CONN. (C3) Except for slight deficiencies in width above the highway bridge at Mystic, the project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the channels are in good condition and ap- pear to meet the demands of the present commerce. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 204.) Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight for the year was coal, carried in barges drawing from 9 to 12 feet. An increase of 67 per cent in tonnage was due to increased receipts of coal. The amount of lobsters and fish handled greatly increased the valuation for this harbor. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919_ 15, 992 $130,518 1922_ _ _ 15,353 $434, 742 1920_ 17,683 493,326 1923_ 25,695 853, 061 1921. 26,519 405,089 Financial summ ary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $152.41: New work_ __ - -- - --- --- $48, 125. 50 Maintenance _- - - 134. 50 Net total expended .___ 48, 260. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 48, 260. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ...... Expended for maintenance _ _ -I- Appropriated or allotted__ RIVERS AND IHARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 97 I. NEW LONDON HARBOR. COYN. (C4) Location acnd descriptior.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, at its eastern end, and about 14 miles east of the mouth of the Connecticut River. It comprises the lower 3 miles of the Thames River, including Shaws and Winthrops Coves, both lying on the westerly side near its head, and is from about one- fourth to 11/ miles vwide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--The minimum usable low-water depth in the main channel to the head of the harbor was 26 feet for a width from about one-eighth to one-half mile; along the New London wharf front, 10 to 15 feet; in Shaws Cove, 21/2 to 8 feet; and in Winthrops Cove, 7 to 14 feet. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River and as a separate project by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. A project for Shaws Cove, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902 was $19,800 applied to new work in New London Harbor and $21,000 applied to new work in Shaws Cove, a total of $40,800. For further details of previous proj.- ects, see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 600 feet wide, 33 feet deep, and about 31/2 miles long from Long Island Sound to the natural deep water in the upper harbor; a channel 400 feet or more in width. 23 feet deep, and about 6,000 feet long skirting the water front of the city; and for dredging Shaws Cove to a depth of 15 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the conm- bined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $587,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1914) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the water-front channel (H. Doe. No. 392, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging in Shaws Cove (H. Doe. No. 329, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doe. No. 613, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Pursuantto a provision in the river and har- bor act of July 27, 1916, requiring local cooperation precedent to the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance with the report in House Document No. 613, Sixty-third Congress, second session, the State of Connecticut has completed at an expense of approximately $1,000,000 the essential portions of its terminal development, consist- ing of a pier 1,000 feet by 200 feet in size, provided with approach channels and vessel berths, affording depths of 35 feet at mean low water, and equipped with storage warehouse, cargo-handling and railroad facilities. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War September 8, 1916. 98 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Terminal facilities.-The wharves served by this improvement are, with few exceptions, of pile and timber construction. On the west side of the harbor there are several wharves directly connected with the railroads and nearly all provided with transfer facilities. The remaining wharves are generally smaller and are equipped to serve the business of the owner or operator only. The total developed shore frontage is about 11/ miles. The State and the municipality each own a terminal open to public use. Several other wharves are owned or leased by Government agencies for departmental uses. Of the privately owned wharves there are several available for public use on equal terms. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to materially reduce rates on water-borne freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and amounted to $211.64, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 60 per cent completed. The channels along the water front and in Shaws Cove were completed in 1913. The entrance channel is about 83 per cent completed. To complete the project requires the further deepening of the entrance channel. The controlling depths at mean low water as determined in 1921 are: Main channel from entrance to State terminal, 30 feet; channel along the water front, about 21 feet; Shaws Cove, 9 to 14 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $467,487.35 for new work and $8,394.96, for maintenance, a total of $475,882.31. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended bal- ance for maintenance contingencies. No additional funds are re- quired, as the water-front channel and Shaws Cove appear to be in condition to meet the probable needs of commerce for one or more years, and for reasons of economy in expenditures funds for com- pletion of the entrance channel are not necessary at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, general package freight and lumber carried in barges, steamers and schooners drawing from 10 to 29 feet. There was an increase in tonnage for 1923 of about 11 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 .... _ _. 553, 845 $120,107, 614 154, 033 1922 - 571, 555 $237, 994, 545 130, 545 1920 .. .. . . 424, 995 176, 121, 976 144, 170 1923. - 635, 087 238, 605, 533 143, 362 1921--- .---- 522, 896 161, 926, 743 164, 569 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.50: New work $508, 287. 35 Maintenance ... 8, 394. 96 Net total expended ---- ----------- 516, 682. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report-- ....--- - 517, 200. 00 RIVERS AND ItARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 99 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $72, 245. 11 $80, 886. 06 $1, 920. 65 - Expended for maintenance 1 1,022. 74 883. 51 1,348. 74 $401. 93 $211. 64 Total expended 1 - -i 73, 27. 85 81, 769. 57 3, 269. 39 401. 93 211. 64 Appropriated or allotted ..-...... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $729. 33 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance -- __ 211. 64 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------- 517. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------- -- 2120, 000. 00 16. THAMES RIVER, CONN. (C5) Location and description.-This river is a tidal estuary varying in width from about 400 feet to three-fourths of a mile, and extending from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers at Norwich, Conn., 15 miles southerly to Long Island Sound at New London. The improvement includes the upper 12 miles, the lower 3 miles being included under New London Harbor. The drainage area is about 1,465 square miles. The average discharge of the river at Norwich approximates 850 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths and widths were: New London to Bartletts Crossover, 4 miles, 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide; Bartletts Crossover to Allyns Point, 2 miles, 13 feet deep and 300 feet wide; and thence 6 miles to the head of navigation at Norwich, about 6 feet deep and generally narrow. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $157,300, of which $10,000 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1754 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep to Allyns Point; thence of same width and 14 feet deep to Norwich; the construction of five training walls, with their tops at mean high water, located, respectively, at Mohegan, pile and stone, about 2,750 feet long; Trading Cove, riprap, 2,325 feet long; Long Rock, riprap, about 2.750 feet long; Rolling Mill, riprap, about 3,300 feet long; and Norwich, riprap, 1,050 feet long; and the re- moval of obstructions in the, Shetucket River at Norwich. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet at New London and 2.5 at Norwich. The maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1909, is $265,830, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1907) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for training walls 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and also finally for the present channel dimensions above Allyns Point (Annual Report for 1882, p. 606); the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present channel dinension. up to Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 265, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of obstructions in the Shetucket River (H. Doc. No. 397, 61st Cong. 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the above-mentioned documents. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption or modification of the project. In 1835-36 the Merchants Bank of Norwich expended $3,679 in dredging channels in the vicinity of Norwich. Terminal facilities.-Wharves along the river and at Norwich are mainly of the bulkhead type, both with and without pile aprons. Of these, four along the river and one at Norwich have direct railroad connection and transfer facilities. There is a municipal wharf at Norwich not provided with cargo-handling machinery. Eight or more of the privately owned wharves along the river and at Norwich are open to the public on equal terms, but not all of these are in commercial use at the present time. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has reduced the cost of water transportation by increasing the available draft from 8 feet to 16 and 22 feet. The river commerce of the present day could not be carried except for the increased depths thus obtained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were $495.95 for maintenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, the training walls having been completed in 1906, except the upper end of the Rolling Mill Dike, which is replaced by adjacent shore improvements. The controlling depths at mean low water as determined in 1923 are 20 feet to Allyns Point, thence 14 feet (not full width) to the wharves at Norwich, 12 to 13 feet in front of the Norwich wharves and on the Shetucket River up to the town wharf. The training walls are in fair condition. The expenditures under the existing project have been $299,214.14 for new work and $128,599.27 for maintenance, a total of $427,813.41. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredging between Allyns Point and Norwich as follows: Dredging 110,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents_ _ ___ $44, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies__ 4, 286 48, 286 It is expected that the work will be commenced in the summer of 1924 and be completed in about 5 months from time of com- mencement. No additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1926, as the above work will afford complete maintenance of the upriver channel and the channels below Allyns Point are in good condition. Commnercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, wood pulp, build- RIVERS AND IIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 101 ing materials, and general package freight carried in steamiers, schooners, and barges drawing from 9 to 23 feet. There was an increase in tonnage for 1923 of about 65 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar years Tons Value Calendar years Tons Value 1919 . . . . . . ... - 144, 673 $9, 382, 575 1922 .... 295, 955 $17, 680, 726 1920 -------------------- 249, 205 14, 589, 877 1923- 487, 164 22, 648, 804 1921 -------------------- 218, 713 18,107, 034 Financial sumw ary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $863.39: New work ---------------------------------------------- $446, 514. 14 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 138, 599. 27 Net total expended----------------------------------- 585, 113. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 633, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 E xpended for new w ork ----- --. ---- ---- --... ---- ---- -... ----- ----... - ---- -..... .... .... ... Expended for maintenance 1.... $105.64 $739. 42 $32, 581.30 $143.87 $495.95 Appropriated or allotted 22, 000. 00------------------------------------- 47,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------- ----- $1, 782. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------------47, 000. 00 48, 782. 54 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 495. 95 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 48, 286. 59 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,859.79: New work-------------------------------------------- $1, 523, 215. 93 Maintenance---------------------------------------------231, 506. 53 Net total expended------------------------------------ 1, 754, 722. 46 Total appropriati'ons to date of this report-------------------- 1, 805, 813. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 i - -- . i I - -- - I i-- -- - - - Expended for new work 1____ _ $74, 745. 11 $80, 886. 06 $1, 920. 65 $305.48 Expended for maintenance 1_ 5, 674. 46 1, 659. 22 33, 980. 04 $1, 571. 86 56, 332. 53 Total expended I ........ SI 80, 419. 57 i 82, 545. 28 1' I I 35, 900. 69 a 1, 571. 86 I 56, 638. 01 Appropriated or allotted .__ 22, 000.00----------- 33, 000. 00 72, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ $35, 729. 38 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ___------------------- 25, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924----------------------------------------------- 47, 000. 00 107, 729. 38 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------- $305. 48 For maintenance -------------------------------- 56, 332. 53 56, 638. 01 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------- - -- 51, 091. 37 CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. (GROUP D) 17. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE HARTFORD, CONN. (D1) Location and description.-This river has its source in Connecticut Lake, in northern New Hampshire, flows southerly 375 miles, and empties into Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Conn., 14 miles west of New London. Hartford, now the head of commercial navigation, is 51.9 miles by channel from the mouth. A dam at Holyoke, 34 miles above Hartford, completely interrupts navigation. The drain- age area is about 11,000 square miles, and the average discharge in second-feet: At Holyoke, low water, 2,600; high water, 71,000. At Hartford, low water, 5,000; 20-foot freshet, 101,000. On low stages tidal fluctuation extends a short distance above Hartford, with a mean rise and fall at Saybrook of 3.4 feet, and at Hartford, 1.2 feet. The average fall per mile is: Holyoke to Hartford, 1.2 feet; Hart- ford to mouth, 0.053 foot. The width at the mouth is about 3,000 feet; at Hartford, 1,000 feet; at Holyoke, 900 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- necticut.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet for 101/2 miles from Hartford to the foot of Enfield Rapids, 51/2 miles long, where navigation was interrupted; thence 18 miles to Holyoke the available depth was about 5 feet. About 100 years ago commercial navigation extended to Wells River, Vt., 250 miles above the mouth, by means of locks and canals around the various rapids. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-No comprehensive project has been adopted. Improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and was prosecuted by the construction of wing dams, and, on one occasion, by dredging, under plans described in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, page 761, and 1881, page 565. The section of the river under consideration extends from Hart- ford, 51.9 miles above the mouth, to Holyoke, a distance of about 34 miles. The mean tidal fluctuation on low stages is 1.2 feet at Hart- ford, diminishing to zero near Bissels Ferry, about 7 miles upstream. The usual rise at Hartford, due to spring freshets, is between 16 and 24 feet above mean low water and at Springfield 10 to 15 feet above mean low water. The maximum recorded freshet at Hartford (May, 1854) was 27.8 feet above mean low water and at Springfield about RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 103 25 feet above the ordinary summer stage of that year. Occasional freshets of short duration may occur during the remainder of the year. There are no approved estimates of cost for new work or for annual maintenance. (For map see H. Doc. No. 417, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation have been prescribed by law. About 1830 a dam 1,500 feet long and canal 5.3 miles long, with 4 locks, were built at Enfield Rapids by the Con- necticut River Co., at a cost reported as about $1,000,000. The canal is maintained by that company primarily for power uses. The locks are about 19.5 by 88 feet, with 3-foot depth at lower-lock sill at low water. During 1909 and 1914 bars between Hartford and Windsor Locks were dredged by the Springfield Navigation Co. to provide a channel about 3 feet deep and 35 feet wide, at a cost of $5,100. Be- tween 1891 and 1923 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has con- structed shore-protective works at Chicopee, West Springfield, and Agawam at a total cost of about $56,000. Terminal facilities,--In the absence of commercial navigation, ter- minal facilities are limited to a few small landings for excursion steamers in the pool above Enfield Dam. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No permanent benefit has resulted from the work so far done by the United States, and none is to be antici- pated until a comprehensive project is adopted. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. Expenditures for administration amounted to $271.25 applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Several wing dams were con- structed prior to 1886 and some dredging was done in 1873. One of these wing dams became an obstruction to navigation and was removed in 1914. Two obstructive shoals at Springfield have been removed. The controlling depth is about 21/2 feet at low water in the section below Enfield Rapids. The expenditures, including sur- veys for a comprehensive project, have been $116,324.81 for new work and $12,882.08 for maintenance, a total of $129,206.89. Proposed operations.-Pendingthe adoption of a project for im- provement, it is proposed to apply the unexpended balance to ex- penditures for administration and inspection and to the removal of obstructions that may form in the channel. No additional funds are therefore required for the fiscal year 1926. Commercial statistics.-Navigationis restricted to pleasure boats and to two small passenger steamers operating in the vicinity of Springfield in the pool above the Enfield Dam. During the year 36 pleasure boats passed through the canal of the Connecticut River Co. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New work ---------------------------------------------- $116, 324. 81 Maintenance__ 882. 08 1------------------------------- Net total expended-- ----------------------------------- 129, 206. 89 Total appropriations to date of this report ------- - 129, 324. 81 10710-ENG 1924-8 104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ---- Expended for maintenance 1 - -- $44. 47 $44.47 -- - $402. 07 - -- -- $136. 85 - - - $271. 25 Appropriated or allotted ----------- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------___ $389. 17 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 271. 25 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 117. 92 18. CONNECTICUT RIVER BELOW' HARTFORD, CONN. (D)2) Location and description.-See description under preceding report. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet over the bar at Saybrook, thence about 5 feet to Hartford, 51 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and a second project, which was modi- fied in 1872, 1881, 1887, and 1889, was adopted by the river and har- bor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project in 1911 was $287,374.29 for new work and $366,348.47 for maintenance, a total of $653,722.76. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1754. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and about six-tenths mile long, across the bar at the mouth, and thence 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water (2 feet on the Hartford gauge) for 51.3 miles to Hartford; the channels to be obtained by dredging and the construc- tion of dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works; for two riprap jetties at the mouth of the river, the tops to be 5 feet above high water and 6 feet wide, the easterly one about 2,300 feet and the westerly about 2,250 feet in length; and for a training dike about 3,700 feet long at Hartford. The mean tidal range is 3.4 feet at the mouth and, on low water, 1.2 feet at Hartford. The maximum tidal range at the mouth, due to wind or other causes, is 8 feet or more. For extreme fluctuation of stage at Hartford see this para- graph under preceding report. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $388,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 until the permanent works are completed and $10,000 thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the jetties at the mouth (present dimensions approved by the Chief of Engineers December 22, 1887); the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the Hartford Dike (present dimensions authorized by the Chief of Engineers in 1889); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 1294, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, made final provision for the dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works, (H-. Doc. No. 132, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 1602, and the last-mentioned document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 105 Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. On various occasions between 1884 and 1904 when funds for maintenance were lacking or insufficient, channels through the various bars, sufficient to pass a regular line of steamboats, were maintained by dredging by the Hartford & New York Transportation Co., at a cost of $28,- 384.18. Previous to 1868 dredging and regulation work were done by private and municipal interests, at a cost in excess of $93,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two or three wharves of the bulk- head type at each of the river towns, one or more in each town being open to public use. At Hartford and at Middletown there is ap- proximately one-half mile of wharf frontage along the west bank of the river. The towns of Saybrook and Cromwell and the city of Middletown each own or lease wharf property. Rail connection and transfer facilities are available at Middletown, Portland, and Hart- ford. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of termrinal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has afforded the city of Hartford and other river ports the advantage of water transporta- tion and has effected a reduction in the water rates on bulk com- modities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channels through the river bars were kept open for navigation by contract dredging. The total length of channel thus dredged was about 18,430 feet, the width varying from 25 to 75 feet, and a total of 57,271 cubic yards was removed. The expenditure for dredging amounted to $12,807.80, all applied to maintenance. The revetment of Crow Point Reach was completed with day labor. The upper bank was graded and revetted for a distance of 750 feet. The expenditure for this work was $4,782.73, chargeable to new work. Repairs were made to the revetment at Press Barn. The expenditure for this work was $1,132.- 48, applied to maintenance. At Clay Banks Reach 840 linear feet of revetment were constructed and the dike extended northerly for 276 feet by hired labor and plant. Four timber and brush hurdles were constructed under an informal agreement and by hired labor. The expenditure for these works was $23,611.28. The total expendi- tures, including administration and inspection, were $28,975.68 for new work and $14,205.79 for maintenance, a total of $43,181.47. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 74 per cent completed. The channel from the mouth to Hartford was completed in 1914. The Saybrook jetties, training walls at Hart- ford, Clay Banks, and Sears Shoal were completed in 1915. The stone and timber spurs at Press Barn and Clay Banks were com- pleted in 1923. The Cys Hollow, Press Barn, and Crow Point Reaches, and about 70 per cent of the Clay Banks Reach, have been revetted. The jetties, training walls, dikes, andrevetment are in fair condi- tion, except that the east jetty at Saybrook needs extensive repairs; minor repairs are needed to the west jetty and to, some of the other structures above named. The channel dimensions are somewhat diminished. The controll- ing depths at mean low water are 151/ feet across the bar at the 106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 mouth; thence about 91/2 feet to Hartford. To complete the project requires the completion of the Clay Bank revetment and the con- struction of additional permament works. The expenditures have been $286,444 for new work and $279,133.34 for maintenance, a total of $565,577.34. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds in accordance with the following: Dredging river bars (in progress) 70,000 cubic yards, at 241 cents__ $17, 150 Minor repairs to existing permanent works 4, 200 Administration, inspection, and contingencies 1, 960 Dredging river bars (1925) 72,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents 18, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_ 2, 000 Total for maintenance_ 43, 310 Completing revetment at upper and lower ends, Clay Banks Reach, 440 linear feet, at $12__. 5, 280 Spur dikes at Cys Hollow Bar___ 5, 000 Upper bank revetment at lower end of Two Piers Reach, 1,500 linear feet, at $8- - -- - 12. 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies 2, 720 Total for new work- 25, 000 Maintenance dredging on the river bars is now in progress and will be completed about October 1, 1924. Repairs will be made where necessary to the various permanent works as plant is available dur- ing the present season. Annual maintenance dredging will be done after the spring freshets of 1925 and funds used at the rate of about $4,500 per month. It is proposed to continue operations on the permanent works at Clay Banks, Cys Hollow, and Two Piers Bars during the present low water season, using hired labor and plant and expending funds at the rate of about $5,000 per month. Annual maintenance dredging on the various bars is necessary for the accommodation of the river traffic. Funds should be on hand so that the work can be commenced promptly after the spring freshet of 1926. Through the construction of permanent works, the loca- tions of the upriver bar channels have been stabilized and the amount of necessary annual dredging decreased. Additional works should be constructed at approved localities to stabilize further the regimen of the river and facilitate the annual maintenance of the channels through the bars. Their location, nature and extent, can be better determined with a knowledge of conditions at the time funds are made available. Minor repairs should also be made as necessary to existing works. For the above works, funds can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as follows: Dredging 70,000 cubic yards, at 24 cents $16, 800 Repairs to permanent works_ __ 5, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_ 2, 200 Total for maintenance -- _-- 24, 000 Additional dikes, training walls and revetments, including administra- tion and engineering, for new work 25, 000 Total__-------------__ -------- 49, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, general merchandise and petroleum prod- RIVERS AND IIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 107 ucts carried in barges, steamers and schooners drawing from 8 to 12 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 30 per cent over that reported for 1922, mainly due to an increase in coal tonnage. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons i alue Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year t year 1919- - ------ 283,078 $54, 055, 569 41,991 1922--------- 371,085 $56, 613,605 24, 848 1920---- _ _ 433, 131 59, 478, 977 43, 443 1923 _--- _- 483, 903 47, 736, 327 35, 444 1921- ---- - 423, 672 47, 522, 434 39,043 Financial sunnumary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,137.05. New work ---------------------------------------- $573, 818. 29 Maintenance------- ----------------------------- 645, 481. 81 Net total expended --------------------------- 1--219, 300. 1, 10 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 287, 610. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1----- $12, 289. 79 $29, 820. 25 $27, 763. 34 $22, 219. 87 $28, 975. 68 Expended for maintenance 1__ 16, 299. 71 69, 778. 61 23, 179. 08 20, 211. 52 14, 205. 79 Total expended 1_ .... 28, 589. 50 99, 598. 86 50, 942. 42 42, 431, 39 43, 181.47 Appropriated or allotted- .. 40, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- $66, 492. 06 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924--------------------------- --------- 45, 000. 00 111, 492. 06 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work --------------------------- $28, 975.68 For maintenance ---------- 14, 205. 79 1------------ 43, 181. 47 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------------------- 68, 310. 59 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities , 920. 04 1---------------- July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 15, 569. 26 17.489. 30 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------------------ 50, 821. 29 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------- ---- 2 76, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work---------------------- 2 25, 000. 00 For maintenance ---------------------- 224, 000. 00 Total -- __ 249, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 108 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMM3i ARY FOR GROUP D Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,140.55: New work___ $690, 143. 10 Maintenance 658, 363. 89 Net total expended .... 1, 348, 506. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report- 1, 410, 935. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1.....- $12, 289. 79 $29, 820. 25 $27, 763. 34 $22, 219. 87 $28, 975.68 Expended for Imaintenance 1 16, 344. 18 69, 823. 08 23, 581. 15 20, 348. 37 14, 477. 04 Total expended 1.. _- 28, 633. 97 99, 643. 33 51, 344. 49 42, 568. 24 43,452. 72 Appropriated or allotted__ 40, 000. 00- - -_____i 60, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------- $66, 881. 23 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924-- ---- 45, 000. 00 111, 881. 23 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_ _- $28, 975. 68 For maintenance-- -- 14, 477. 04 43, 452. 72 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended__________________________ 68, 428. 51 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------- $1, 920. 04 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts 15, 569. 26 17 489O .0 July 1, 1924, balance available 50, 939. 21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work- 225, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------- - 224, 000. 00 Total --------- 49, 000. 00 DUCK ISLAND, BRANFORD, NEW HAVEN, MILFORD, BRIDGEPORT, SOUTHPORT, NORWALK, FIVE MILE RIVER, STAMFORD, AND GREENWICH HARBORS, WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, AND HIOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. (GROUP E) 119. DUCK ISLAND HARBOR, CONN. (El) Location and description.-Duck Island Harbor is a small bay, about 2 miles long and extending 1 mile inland, lying between Menunketesuck and Kelsey Points, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, approximately midway between New London and New Haven Harbors, and about 23 miles distant from each. Duck Island is in the outer and southeasterly part of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) 1 ot deducting rec~eiptsx from sazles, etc. 2 Exclusive of availale funds. RIVERS, AND HIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 109 Original condition.-The harbor afforded practically no shelter from the east around through the south to the west, but afforded good protection from all northerly winds. The usable low-water depth for anchorage was about 16 feet over a considerable portion of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $114,867.90 for new work and $5,334.10 for maintenance, a total of $120,202. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of three rip- rap breakwaters, viz, one extending northwardly from Duck Island 1,100 feet; one extending westwardly from Duck Island 2,697 feet; and one extending southwardly from Stone Island, just south of Kelsey Point, 3,750 feet-each breakwater to be 8 feet wide on top, 9 feet high above mean low water, with side slopes of 2 on 3, except on the northerly side of the one extending westerly from Duck Island and the westerly side of the one extending northwardly from Duck Island, where the slopes are to be 1 on 1; and for dredging to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water a portion of the protected area back of the breakwaters at Duck Island. The ,mean tidal range is 4.2 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 9 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $370,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500, to be appropriated in sums of $25,000 at intervals of five years, with $5,000 additional every ten years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 398, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 812, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map, see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This harbor is entirely a harbor of refuge. There are no commercial wharves. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords shelter for the passing commerce of Long Island Sound, adding materially to the safety thereof, it being the only suitable harbor or refuge in a reach of 46 miles. An estimated total of 1,100 vessels used the harbor as a refuge during the calendar year 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract restored to project depth an area 2,000 feet long by 800 feet wide back of the Duck Island breakwaters. The expendi- tures, including administration and inspection, were $44,801.40, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1917, the breakwaters having been completed in 1914. The breakwaters are in fair condition. The controlling depth in the northern part of the protected area behind the breakwater is 16 feet and in the southern part is about 11 feet at mean low water. 110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The expenditures under the existing project have been $367,297.91 for new work and $51,905 for maintenance, a total of $419,202.91. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended funds for maintenance contingencies. Although the operations men- tioned in a previous paragraph did not restore the entire area to project depth, the improvement is in a condition to serve the needs of commerce for several years. The breakwaters are in fair repair. No additional funds are therefore required at the present time. Commercial statistics. There is no local commerce, the harbor being entirely a harbor of refuge. The number of vessels reported as having sought refuge in the harbor is as follows: Calendar year: 1915 69------------------- 1916 --------------- ---- ------------ 808 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, and 1921---------- No record. 1922_.----------------------- 1,600 1923----------------------------------------------- 1,100 estimated. The vessels using this harbor are principally schooners, tugs with tows, and yachts. The drafts vary from 8 to 15 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,234.16: New work ---------------------------------------- $482, 165. 81 Maintenance----------------- ------------------- 57, 239. 10 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 539, 404. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------540, 010. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended fornew work 1___--- ----- - 795. 06- -$14, Expended for maintenance 1 $5.34 $318. 56 67.63 $44, 801.40 Total expended 1..- 5.34 ------------ -318. 56 14, 862. 69 44, 801. 40 Appropriated or allotted..________ _________ _ _------ . 49, 795. 06 9, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------- $36, 407. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------------ 9, 000. 00 45, 407. 07 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 44, 801.40 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 605. 67 20. BRANFORD HARBOR, CONN. (E2) This project was completed in 1907. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed as the improvement is in a condition to meet the de- mands of the present commerce. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 110. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were coal, sand, iron, and lumber, carried on scows and in barges RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 111 and small steamers drawing from 8.5 to 10 feet. There was an increase in the tonnage of 20 per cent over the: previous year. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 _--------------------- 21,215 $143,199 1922__ ._ . .. 24,664 $272,717 1920--------------------- 34,129 529, 484 1923 -------------------- 29, 757 271,592 1921 --------------------- 17, 605 140, 361 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New work------------------------------------------------ $9, 537. 45 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 15, 679. 08 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 25, 216. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------25, 216. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---------------------------- - Expended for maintenance __---..- - - - ------- $7, 000. 00 -- - Appropriated or allotted -------------- ----------------------------- 7, 000. 00 ---------- 21. NEW HAVEN HARBOR, CONN. (E3) Location and description.-On the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 71 miles to the east of New York City. The harbor consists of a bay about 4 miles long and from 1 to, 4 miles wide and the tidal navigable portions of West River entering the westerly side of the bay and the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers entering its northeast corner through a common mouith. The width of the lower harbor from Morgans Point to Oyster River' Point is 41/4 miles, and its natural depths available for anchorage are from 20 to 28 feet at mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the harbor proper was 9 feet from the wharves to Cranes Bar, one-third of the way down the harbor, and 13 feet on the bar below Fort Hale; in Quinnipiac River, about 4 feet; in Mill River, west branch about 5 feet, east branch nearly bare at low tide; and in West River, less than 3 feet. The heads of navigation for small unmasited craft in the Quinnipiac, Mill, and West Rivers were, respectively, about 8, 21, arid 2 miles above the mouths. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the acts of 1875, 1878, 1879, 1882, and 1884. The original project for West River (consolidated with the main harbor by the act of March 2, 1907) was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The 112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 amount expended in the main harbor prior to the adoption of the 1899. project and in West River prior to its consolidation with the main harbor was $331,625.66 for new work and $32,570 for main- tenance, a total of $364,195.66. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep, 400 feet wide, and 3 miles long from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 20-foot anchorage basin; thence of same depth, 700 to 500 feet wide (increased to 1,200 feet at the turn opposite Long wharf), 1.2 miles to Tomlinson Bridge; three anchorage basins below Tomlinson Bridge of 20, 16, and 15 foot depths; a pile and riprap dike, total length about 4,200 feet, to contract the tidal flow at Fort Hale Bar; a channel 12 feet deep and 100 to 150 feet wide, from the southwest corner of the 16-foot anchorage basin via Oyster Point and the West Haven wharf front to Kimberly Avenue Bridge; thence 12 feet deep and prevailing width of 75 feet up West River approximately to the railroad bridge, and an anchorage basin 6 feet deep in West River opposite Mars wharf; a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep from the 15-foot anchorage basin toward Brewery Street, about 1,500 feet; a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep up Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street, and thence 50 to 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep to Grand Avenue; a channel up Mill River 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide, to the junction of the two branches above Chapel Street, thence 12 feet deep to Grand Avenue, 100 feet wide in the east branch and generally 125 feet wide in the west branch; and the removal of certain obstructive rocks in Morris Cove. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 5.8 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $684,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for the Sandy Point dike (plans approved by a Board of Engineers, October 2, 1882); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth of the main channel and the dimensions of its lower end and for the 20 and 16 foot anchorage basins (H. Doe. No. 82, 55th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the Brewery Street channel and made final provisions for the present dimensions of the 15-foot basin (H. Doc. No. 1159, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the present dimensions of channels in Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers (H. Doc. No. 26, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) and for the present dimensions of the West River channel and anchorage (H. Doc. No. 535, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the present widths in the upper part of the main channel (H. Doc. No. 1258, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). For map, see House Document No. 497, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. One municipal wharf, with limited facilities, has been constructed, at a cost of approximately $20,000. The upper portion of the West River RIVERS AND HARBORS PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 113 channel had been improved by private parties at a cost of about $10,000 before its further improvement was undertaken by the United States. Terminal facilities.--The wharves and piers served by this im- provement are grouped near the head of the main harbor; on both sides of Mill River between Chapel Street and Grand Avenue; on both sides of Quinnipiac River throughout the greater part of its improved portion; at Oyster Point and along the westerly side of West River. The terminals at the head of the harbor are mostly piers, either solid-filled or open, ranging in length up to 2,300 feet and separated by slips. The total frontage occupied approximates nearly a mile. Several of these terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities and nearly all are open to public use. One, City Wharf, is publicly owned. Throughout Mill, Quinnipiac, and West Rivers the wharves are usually of the bulkhead and apron type. At Oyster Point are several small timber piers used in the oyster in- dustry. The river frontage developed amounts to over three-fourths mile in Mill River, over 1 mile in the Quinnipiac, and about five- eighths mile in West River and at Oyster Point. Some of the West River wharves are open to general public use, but in the other branches nearly all are private and closed to the public. The facili- ties are not considered adequate, and various plans have been pre- pared and considered by the municipality for extensive additions and improvements. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has secured for New Haven the benefit of very low water freight rates, particularly on bulk commodities. The present commerce of New Haven could not be carried on without the improvements made. Operations and results duringq fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures, including administration, inspection, and harbor line surveys, were $2,366.78, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915, the dike at Fort Hale Bar having been completed in 1889. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main chan- nel, 17 to 19 feet; anchorage basins, 19, 9 to 131/2, 15, and 4 feet, respectively; West River, 12 feet to the railroad bridge; Mill River, 101/2 feet to Chapel Street, thence 11 feet to Grand Avenue; Quin- nipiac River to Ferry Street, 12 feet, and thence to Grand Avenue nearly 8 feet; and Brewery Street Channel, 12 feet. The dike at Fort Hale Bar is in fair condition. The expenditures under the existing project have been $489,524.94 for new work and $265,319.15 for maintenance, a total of $754,844.09. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds for administration and engineering contingencies, including the revision and remarking of harbor lines. The 16-foot anchorage adjacent to the main channel south of Long Wharf Light, largely used by schooners, has now available depths of from 9 to 131/2 feet. As a result, vessels anchor in the adjacent channel, to the detriment of navigation. No maintenace work has been done in the basin since its completion in 1903. Funds can profitably be expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for this work, as follows: 114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGIINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1924 Dredging 520,000 cubic yards mud, at 18 cents--------------------$93, 600 Administration, inspection, and contingencies .....--- 9, 400 Total for maintenance -------- 103, 000 The abbve amount is in excess of the average annual expenditures for maintenance during the past five years. This item, however, represents for this portion of the improvement a total maintenance charge covering a period of over 20 years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were, coal, petroleum products, oysters, and steamboat freight carried in steamers, schooners and barges drawing from 8 to 24 feet. There was an incease in traffic of 19 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 _--------- 1,468, 284 $253,010,816 (1) 1922 _..... 1,353, 151 $111, 098,136 47, 850 1920- ------ 1,766,805 192, 930, 415 1, 218 1923 ..- - - - 1,613, 087 179, 818, 839 48,044 1921__--------- 1, 122, 073 95, 313, 323 45, 747 1 No record. Financial sutmmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $576.31. New work---------------------------------------------- $821, 150. 60 Maintenance---------------------- --------------------- 297. 889. 15 Net total expended--------------------------------- 1, 119, 039. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 1, 119, 940. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ --- - Expended for maintenance 1 ._ $22, 615, 14 $19, 315. 61 $42, 768. 15 $20, 020. 49 $2, 366. 78 Appropriated or allotted.......---------. 44, 000. 00 -------------- 21, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 _ ............. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------$3, 267. 95 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 2, 366. 78 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------------- 901. 17 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ----------- 84. 90 July 1, 1924, balance available ----------- 816. 27 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance ------ ----------------------------- 2 103, 000. 00 22. BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, CONN. (E4) This project was completed in 1915. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters are in good condition. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 226. I Not dedducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND H4ARBORSPROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 115 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts'from sales, etc., amounting to $3,244.31: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 242, 246. 09 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 21, 753. 91 Net total expended -------------------------------- 1, 264, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report _____-_____ _____ 1, 264, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work- ------------- Expended for maintenance--.- Appropriated or allotted --.--- -- - . . . I..... . . . . . ------------.- . - . ..- 23. MILFORD HARBOR, CONN. (E5) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 8 miles west of New Haven Harbor. It consists of an open bay about 1 mile in diameter and the tidal por- tion of the Wepowage River, a small, narrow stream entering the bay at its head and extending inland about 1 mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--The minimum usable low-water depth was less than 2 feet on the bar in the bay, and in parts of the river the channel was nearly bare. The head of navigation was 1 mile from the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the river and har- bor acts of June 18, 1878, June 14, 1880, and August 2, 1882. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902 was $42.340.44 for new work and $3,159.56 for maintenance, a total of $45,500. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for two riprap jetties 510 and 250 feet in length on the east and west sides, respectively, of the en- trance to the river; a channel across the bar and through the lower harbor 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep to Merwins Wharf, a distance of about 3,000 feet; an anchorage basin of same depth, of about 6 acres in area, on the east side of the channel; and a channel 90 feet wide and 6 feet deep through the river from Merwins Wharf to the Straw Works Wharf, a distance of about 3,500 feet. All depths refer to the plane of mean low water. The mean tidal range is 6.2 feet and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $25,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1902) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the east jetty at the mouth of the river (H. Ex. Doc. No. 107, 42d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 1042) ; the west jetty at the mouth of the river was authorized October 16, 1879 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 342); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present channel dimensions and for an anchorage basin (H. Doc. No. 280, 56th Cong., 1ist sess., and in Annual Report for 1900, p. 1357). For maps see House Document No. 232, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Reconmmended odifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. Prior to 1896 about 85,000 cubic yards were dredged from the outer bay by oysternmen, at a cost of about $15,000. Shore protective works were constructed by the citizens of Milford at the mouth of the harbor prior to 1872 at an unknown cost. A town wharf has been main- tained near the head of navigation for many years. Terminal facilities.--There are five wharves in commercial use on this improvement. One, a solid filled pier of timber construction near the head of navigation, is owned by the town of Milford, and the others are privately owned, timber bulkhead wharves, used in the oyster business and located near the mouth of the harbor. The State of Connecticut owns a small wharf which is used by the Shell Fish Commission. The town wharf and some of the private wharves are open to public use. Adequate highways approach each terminal, but railroad connections are lacking. The unloading facilities are in- efficient. Enlarged and improved facilities are desirable. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improve ment.-The improvement has afforded the town of Milford the benefits of water transportation for bulk commodities and has effected a reduction in the water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year. There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for outstanding liabilities, administration and engineering contingencies, and amounted to $5,444.08, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project is 90 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in 1880 and the entrance channel in 1905. The channel through the river has been dredged to a point 500 feet above the town wharf, and 21/3 acres of the anchorage area on the east side of the channel has been dredged 10 feet deep; further extension of the new channel and anchorage at reasonable cost was prevented by ledge rock; to compensate for the lack of anchorage area on the east side, a basin 1.6 acres in area has been dredged on the west side. The head of navigation is 1 mile from the head of the bay. The jetties are in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1923, are 10 feet to Mer- wins Wharf, thence nearly 7 feet to a point 100 feet north of the town wharf, thence to the head of the channel not over 3 feet. The average depth in the east and west basins is about 7 feet and 61/2 feet, respec- tively. To complete the project requires the dredging of about 1.9 acres additional anchorage area and the extension of the 6-foot channel about 560 feet. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $23,617.33 for new work and $18,382.68 for maintenance, a total of $42,000.01. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended balance for maintenance contingencies. No additional funds are required as the improvement meets the demands of present commerce. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, B. I., DISTRICT 117 Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were oysters, shells, coal and stone, all with the exception of the coal carried in oyster boats drawing from 4 to 12 feet. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919 ..---------------------- 8, 606 $73, 971 1922 __-------------- - I 11, 516 $222, 468 1920---------------------- 1,286 15,018 1923 ......-. 11,921 219,400 1921---------------------- 6,384 103,505 Financialsumzimary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work -------------------------------------- $65, 957. 77 Maintenance-------------------------- 21, 542. 24 Net total expended---------------------_ 87, 500. 01 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------87, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work --- ----- ---- - - -- -------- -------------- Expended for maintenance 1.. $158. 58 $12, 344. 02 $5, 444. 08 Appropriated or allotted - - - - 9, 000. 00 1, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- $5, 744. 07 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 5, 444. 08 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---- 299. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _ _- __ _ 2 1, 400. 00 __ 24. HOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. (E6) Location and description.-Thisriver rises in northwestern Massa- chusetts, flows southerly 130 miles through Massachusetts and Con- necticut, and empties into Long Island Sound at Stratford, 5 miles east of Bridgeport Harbor. Its drainage area is about 1,930 square miles. The tidal section extends from the mouth 131/2 miles to Derby and Shelton, and 1.1 miles upstream is a power dam with a canal and locks by which craft of less than 3-foot draft may pass above the dam. At Derby the low-water discharge is about 600 second- feet; the high-water flow is not known. Average freshets reach a height of 12 feet, are of short duration, and occur mainly in the spring. The river is usually closed by ice for the greater part of January, February, and March. The low-water slope per mile from Shelton to the mouth is 0.14 foot; the width at the mouth is about 1,200 feet; and at Shelton 400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1212.) Original condition.-The original usable low-water depth on the bar at the mouth and in the river was about 3 feet; the channel was 1 Not deducting receipts from sales,, etc. z Exclusive of available funds.. 118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 narrow and crooked. The head of navigation was and is at Otter Rock, 3 miles above the dam at Shelton and 171/2 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide, and one-half mile long across the outer bar, and thence 100 feet wide to Derby and Shelton, about 13 miles; a riprap breakwater at the mouth, consisting of an inner arm 3,250 feet long, 3 feet high above mean low water, top width 6 feet, side slopes 1 on 1, and an outer arm 2,500 feet long, 6 feet high above mean high water, top width 12 feet, outer slope 1 on 2, inner slope 1 on 1; a riprap dike in the river below Stratford not to exceed 1,500 feet in length; and a riprap jetty 163 feet long at Sow and Pigs Rocks. The mean tidal range, exclusive of the winter season and freshets, is 6.4 feet at the mouth, 5.4 feet at Stratford, and 5.1 feet at Shelton; the extreme range due to combined effect of wind and other causes is about 11 feet at the mouth, diminishing toward the head. The spring freshets occasionally rise to a height of 18 feet or more above summer low water, but only average about 12 feet above that datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1888, is .275,500. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts. The act of March 3, 1871, provided for a jetty at Sow and Pigs Reef and a channel of present dimensions across the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 95, 41st Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1871, p. 781); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the break- water at the mouth and the present dimensions of the river channel (S. Doc. No. 103, 50th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1888, p. 554.) The construction of the Stratford Dike, in accordance with the project submitted by the district engineer officer July 15, 1892, was authorized by departmental action. For map see House Docu- ment No. 970, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project or its modi- fications. A considerable amount of dredging has been done for private parties at the outer bar to obtain material for oyster beds, the cost and exact extent of which are not known. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves in commercial use at Stratford, one at Devon, and seven at Shelton and Derby. The usual types are longitudinal timber or masonry bulkheads, and short filled piers with vessel berths at the ends parallel with the stream. Adequate highways lead to practically all of the wharves, and one wharf at Stratford and one at Devon have railroad transfer facili- ties. There are no publicly owned terminals on the river. Of the private wharves, one at Stratford, two at Derby, and two, at Shel- ton are open to public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvemnt.-The improvement has afforded the towns of Stratford, Derby, and Shelton the advantage of water transporta- RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 119 tion of bulk freight, and has had the effect of materially reducing the water rates to these points. Opetations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and engineering, and amounted to $613.07 applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 95 per cent completed. The channels were completed in 1893. The breakwater at the mouth is completed, except that the outer arm has a top width of 8 feet and outer slope of 1 on 11/2 instead of the re- spective project dimensions; the Stratford Dike is 1,255 feet long, and the jetty at Sow and Pigs Rocks is completed. The breakwater, dike, and jetty are in good condition. The channels in the upper reaches have narrowed and shoaled somewhat. The controlling depth at mean low water in the lower half of the river is nearly 6 feet (not full width), thence up to Shelton about 51/2 feet. To complete the project requires the enlargement of the outer arm of the breakwater, to provide a top width of 12 feet and an outer slope of 1 on 2, which is not required for permanence, and the extension of the Stratford Dike not more than 245 feet. The ex- penditures have been $234,364.92 for new work and $133,994.91 for maintenance, a total of $368,359.83. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance of the river channels as follows: Dredging 25,000 cubic yards at 30 cents .-.- $7, 500. 00 Administrat on, inspection, and contingencies 590. 17 Total --------------------------------------------- 8, 090.17 It is proposed to commence work during September, 1924, and to complete the dredging in about two months from date of beginning. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal and petroleum products carried in steamers and barges drawing from 8 to 11 feet. Increase in tonnage of 33 per cent over that of 1922 was due to increased receipts of coal. Barges drawing from 81/2 to 9 feet are taken through to the head of navigation, while those drawing 9 to 11 feet are taken as far as Stratford, 10 miles below the head. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1919-------------- . 208, 879 $3, 520, 132 1922- _ . .- .- - - 205, 903 $4, 482, 745 1920 -------------------- 252, 446 4, 850,999 1923_ 272, 817 5,086,483 1921_ 140, 526 4, 357, 445 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,142.26: New work ---------------------------------------- $234, 364.92 Maintenance _------------------------- --------------- 133, 994. 91 Net total expended-------------------------------- 368, 359. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 376, 450. 00 120 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work...- - Expended for maintenance 1 . $175. 51 $12, 401. 62 $78. 24 $598. 55 $613. 07 Appropriated or allotted __-- - 6, 000. 00 ________ July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______________________________ $8, 703. 24 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 613.07 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------___ 8, 090. 17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___________________ 241, 150. 00 25. BRIDGEPORT HARBOR, CONN. (E7) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 57 miles east of New York City. It consists of an outer main harbor about 3,500 feet long and 4,000 feet wide; an inner harbor about 1 mile long and 1,500 feet wide, de- creasing in width to 500 feet at the head; the tidal and navigable portions of Poquonock River, 11/2 miles long; Yellow Mill Pond, two- thirds of a mile long, entering from the north; Johnsons River, three-fourths of a mile long, entering from the east; Black Rock Harbor, about one-half mile wide and 1 mile long, lying 21/4 miles west of the main harbor; and Cedar and Burr Creeks, 114 and one- half mile long, respectively, entering Black Rock Harbor from the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were: On the bar at the mouth of Bridgeport Harbor, about 5 feet; in the Poquonock River, from 2 to 5 feet; in Johnsons River, nearly bare in upper half; in Yellow Mill Pond, generally bare; in Black Rock Harbor, 12 to 6 feet; in Cedar Creek, 2 to 4 feet; and in Burr Creek, nearly bare. The head of navigation in Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Burr and Cedar Creeks was, respectively, about 11/2, two-thirds, three-fourths, one-half, and 11/4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the main harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second proj- ect was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified in 1875, 1878, 1882, 1888, 1892, 1894, and 1896. The original project for Black Rock Harbor, which prior to the adoption of the existing project was considered as separate from the main harbor, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The amount expended prior to operations in 1900 under the project adopted in, 1899 was as follows: 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 121 New work Maintenance Total Brid ge p o rt H arbor -- _ -- - - - - - - - - - - .. .. .. .. .. .. . $311, 899. 5 3 __- $5, 948. 9 7 $317, 848 . 50 Black Rock Harbor ...-------------- -------------- _ --. 66, 550. 00 6, 000. 00 72, 550. 00 Total- _.-___..................... - .-- 378, 449. 53 11,948.97 390,398.50 For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for: (1) Two riprap breakwaters, one about 3,190 feet long on the easterly side and one 2,110 feet long on the westerly side of the entrance to the main harbor. (2) The construction and maintenance of shore protection on Fayerweather Island, including a sea wall cormeet.in g the northerly and southerly portions of the island. (3)' Main channel 22 feet deep and0l0) feet wide from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 22-foot anchorage basin, thence 18 feet deep and 200 to 345 fedt wide to Stratford Avenue, ridge aero: the Poquonock River. (4) Three anchorage basins: One 22 feet deep and 29.4 acres in area, oppo- site the inner breakwater; one 18 feet deep and 30.6 acres in area, adjoining the main channel on the east above the inner breakwater; and one 12 feet deep, in two areas, aggregating 28.4 acres, to the east of the 18-foot anchorage. (5) Poquonock River Channel, from the lower bridge to Black's coal wharf, nearly 1 mile, 18 feet deep and from 100 to 230 feet wide, thence for 750 feet farther to head of navigation 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide. (6) Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot anchorage to a point 250 feet from the head of Yellow Mill Pond, at Crescent Avenue, about 0.9 mile. (7) Johnsons River Channel, from the 22-foot anchorage to the first bend at the entrance to the river, about one-third mile, 12 feet deep and from 125 to 175 feet wide; thence 9 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide, 0.7 mile, to a point 350 feet below the dam at the head of navigation. (8) Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channel, from the 12-foot curve in Black Rock Harbor to the point of bifurcation in Cedar Creek, nearly 2 miles, 12 feet deep and from 150 to 200 feet wide: thence 100 feet wide to the head of navi- gation in both branches, each about one-fourth mile. (9) Burr Creek Channel fromn its junction with Cedar Creek Channel to the head of navigation, about one-half mile, 7 feet deep and from 100 to 75 feet wide. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.4 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $765,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the Fayerweather Island sea wall; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the shore protection at Fayerweather Island and for the present dimensions of the upper end of the Poquonock River Channel (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1173); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the west breakwater, the present dimensions of the east breakwater, the 22- foot channel, and the 22-foot anchorage (H. Doc. Nos. 275 and 521, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Poquonock River to Black's coal wharf (H. Doec. No. 751, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided finally for the present dimensions of the 18 and 12 foot anchorage basins and of the 18-foot channel in the main harbor, and of the channels in Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Black Rock 122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Harbor, Cedar Creek, and Burr Creek (H. Doc. No. 898, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project or its modi- fications. Dredging, totaling quite an extensive amount, has been done by private interests in various portions of the harbor, which has resulted in benefit to general navigation. The cost of this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves an extensive wharf frontage divided approximately as follows: In the main harbor, both sides at the head, about 1 mile; Poquonock River, both sides, 1 mile; Yellow Mill Pond, both sides, not continuous, one-fourth mile ; Cedar Creek, nearly 1 mile; Johnsons River, Burr Creek, and, Black Rock, a few small, scattered wharves. The general type of wharf in use is a stone or timber bulkhead with pile apron in front. There are but few piers, and those small. The terminal and transfer facilities at the wharves of the larger manufacturing companies are efficient, and except at Johnsons River, Black Rock, and Burr Creek, one or more wharves in each of the above groups have direct railroad connections. The city owns one small wharf in the main harbor and a larger one in the upper Po- quonock. Except in Yellow Mill Pond and Burr Creek two or more wharves in each group are open to public use. While the existing wharves appear to be adequate for the present commerce, increased terminal and transfer facilities are desirable to serve the increased commerce to be expected by a, rapidly growing municipality. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.-The effect of the improvement is to afford the city of Bridgeport the advantages of water transportation at greatly reduced rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for maintenance restored the Poquonock River Channel to project depth and practically project width. Dredging for maintenance and im- provement under contract realigned and maintained the Yellow Mill Channel and maintained and widened by 50 feet the outer reach of the Black Rock Channel. Expenditures, including admin- istration and engineering contingencies, were $8,438.35 for new work, and $51,986.36 for maintenance, a total of $60,424.71. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. The breakwaters were completed in 1908. The 22-foot channel, the 22-foot basin, the 18-foot channel and basin in the main harbor, the upper and lower portions of the 12-foot basin, the channels in Poquonock River, Burr Creek, and Yellow Mill, and the upper portions of Johnsons River and Cedar Creek Chan- nels have been dredged to project dimensions. The Johnsons River Channel up to the turn above the shipyard has been dredged 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide; and in Black Rock and Cedar Creek the Channels are being widened. The easterly entrance breakwater is in need of repairs; the shore protection works on Fayerweather Island are in good condition, and the Fayerweather Island break- water and sea wall need repairs. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 123 The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel, to just inside the inner breakwater, 21 feet and thence 18 feet to the lower bridge; Poquonock River, 18 feet to a point opposite Black's coal wharf, and thence to the head of the improved channel, about 12 feet; Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet to within 250 feet of the head of the improved channel; Johnsons River, 9 feet to the turn above the shipyard, and thence about 61/ feet (not full width) to the head of the channel; Black Rock Harbor, 12 feet (not full width) ; Cedar Creek, 11 feet in center of channel up to the branches, and thence 10 feet to the head of navigation in both branches; Burr Creek, about 41/2 feet to its head; anchorage basins, 21, 18, and 9 to 111/2 feet respectively. To complete the project requires the extension of the 12-foot anchorage, the widening and deepening of the John- sons River Channel up to the turn above the shipyard, and the widening of the Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channels. Expendi- tures under the existing project have been $612,982.33 for new work and $184,449.27 for maintenance, a total of $797,431.60. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to redredging and realigning the Black Rock, Cedar Creek, and Yellow Mill Channels under the existing contract, and to the ex- tension and maintenance of the lower 12-foot anchorage area in the main harbor in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging in Black Rock, Cedar Creek, and Yellow Mill Channels (in progress, including outstanding liabilities) -- $90, 554 Extension and maintenance of 12-foot anchorage, 113,000 cubic yards, at 26 cents-.. .---------------------------- - - 29, 380 Administration, inspection, and contingencies (including outstanding liabilities on a previous contract) 10, 367 1-------- 130, 301 Dredging in Black Rock, Cedar Creek, and Yellow Mill Channels is now in progress and will be completed about December 1, 1924. It is proposed to commence dredging in the anchorage extension in the fall of 1924 and complete the work in about four months from the date of beginning. With the completion of the above work, there remains to complete the project, the deepening and widening of the Johnsons River Channel. This work and the maintenance of the existing channel is greatly desired by the navigation interests on the river. Funds can profitably be expended during the fiscal year 1926 for this work as follows, 60 per cent being for new work: Widening, deepening, and redredging Johnsons River channel, 100,000 cubic yards sand and mud, at 32 cents -------------------------- $32, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-------------------- --- 3, 000 Total ---------------------------- 35, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were cola1, petroleum products, iron, stone, and steam- boat freight carried in steamers, barges, and schooners drawing from 8 to 22 feet. The bulk of the freight is carried on a draft of from 12 feet to 15 feet. There was an increase in tonnage for 1923 of about 75 per cent over that reported for 1922. 124. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendaryear Short tons Value Passengers 1919.......... 1, 116, 967 $119, 039, 055 94, 795 1922 ......-. 725, 719 $64, 733, 002 58, 761 1920 ...... ,-- 1, 280, 223 130, 982, 232 28, 642 1923.......-.-1, 269, 934 82, 873, 383 61, 298 1921-----------762, 419 60, 097, 411 60, 537 Financial su mmanwry Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26,395.61: New work--------------------------------------------- $991, 431. 86 Maintenance_ _ 196, 398. 24 Net total expended----------------------------------- ,187, 830. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report_-- - 1, 318, 131. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I ._ __ $29, 703. 46 $76, 999. 10 $6, 514. 18 -------- _ $8, 438. 35 Expended for maintenance 1 ... 1,255. 62 7 654. 34 941. 95 $39, 169. 90 51, 986. 36 Total expended 1----........... 30, 959. 08 84, 653. 44 7,456. 13 39, 169. 90 60, 424. 71 ....... _---70,.... Appropriated or allotted----__----- 000. 00 95, 000. 00 22,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------------------------- $133, 703. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 35, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924__ 22, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ...... 22.90 190, 726. 57 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work--------------------------------- $8, 438. 35 For maintenance------------------- 51, 986. 36 60, 424.71 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------___ 130, 301. 86 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------------------26, 560. 52 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 64, 782. 45 91, 342. 97 July 1, 1924, balance available---------------------------------- 38, 958. 89 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- 248, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work___----------------------- ... . 2.21, 000.00 For maintenance ___--- 214. 000. 00 Total------------------------------ 2 35, 000. 00 ---- 1 t' fomsase rcept otdeucin 2Fxluii o aaiabe uns 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 125 26. WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, CONN. (ES) This project is about 70 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there is no balance available. The existing project is inadequate to the requirements of commerce. No further work is proposed until a larger project is adopted. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight reported for the cal- endar year were coal and cement, carried in barges with a maximum draft of 8 feet to Saugatuck and 7 feet to Westport. There was an increase in the amount of coal received but a total decrease in re- ceipts of 16 per cent under the previous year, although the valuation was 20 per cent higher. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1919----------------------- 5, 729 $54,030 1922- _ _ 12, 144 $100, 507 1920.-----------------------4, 521 44,414 1923_ 10,175 120,840 1921----------------.....9, 835 93, 930 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $126.13: New work _---. $32, 104. 55 Maintenance 3, 360. 44 Net total expended _ 35, 464. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report__ 35, 464. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ..------------------ ... Expended for maintenance-- _-- ------ ---- -- ------ --- . -------- . ------------ -----.. . . . Appropriated or allotted.. ___-- ________ __ -- -_______ 27. NORWALK HARBOR, CONN. (E9) Location and description. his harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 44 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a broad outer bay, also known as Sheffield Island Harbor; an inner harbor, about one-half mile wide and 112 miles long; and the tidal portion of Norwalk River, 1% miles long, narrow and crooked. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) Original conditio.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 5 feet to South Norwalk, about 31/2 miles; and thence to Norwalk, about 11/2 miles, the river was nearly bare at low tide. The head of navigation was at Norwalk. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1880 and 1894. A 126 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 second project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, was extended by the act of March 2, 1907, to provide a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the railroad bridge at South Nor- walk up to Norwalk, with a basin of the same depth at the head of navigation and a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to the wharves at East Norwalk. The amount expended on these projects has been $162,516.81 for new work and $64,469.33 for maintenance, a total of $226,986.14. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1757. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep from the outer harbor to the highway bridge at South Norwalk, about 31 /g miles; 200 feet wide to Dorlons Point, thence 150 feet wide to South Norwalk, and 250 feet wide along the South Norwalk wharves; an anchorage basin 10 feet deep and about 17 acres in area opposite Fitchs Point; a channel 10 feet deep and generally 100 feet wide from South Norwalk to the head of navigation at Norwalk, about 1.5 miles; and for the maintenance of the channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide along the east side of the harbor to the head of navi- gation at East Norwalk. The reference plane is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.8 feet. The maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1914, is $206,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000 for the first three years and $4,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1143, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of prloject.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the proviso that no part of the ap- propriation " shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct such public wharfage facilities as in his opinion are required in the interest of commerce." The requirements of this act have been fully met. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War under date of May 16, 1923. The city of Norwalk has constructed a suitable wharf 'ad- jacent to the Washington Street highway bridge, but has not yet completed the approach thereto. Terminal facilities.-The wharves in Norwalk Harbor line the west bank for over a half mile at South Norwalk and surround, with a frontage of over 2,000 feet, the basin at the head of naviga- tion in Norwalk. There are also a few small wharves on the East Norwalk shore. The general type of construction is 'a stone or timber bulkhead with earth fill, in front of which is a narrow pile apron, except that the lower wharves at South Norwalk are narrow open-pile piers with slips 100 to 200 feet long between them. A majority of these wharves are private, but one or more in each group 'are open to public use. The city of Norwalk owns a small wharf on the east side of the river near the basin at Norwalk and RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 127 has constructed a second wharf at South Norwalk, which will soon be available. The facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to the water-borne commerce of the locality and has effected a material reduction in water r'ates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for maintenance 'and improvement restored the channel above the rail- road bridge to a depth of 8 feet and completed the 10-foot anchor- age basin and one cut, adjacent thereto, of the 12-foot channel. Ex- penditures, including administration and engineering contingencies were $37,969.16 for new work and $11,455.40 for maintenance of a previous project, a total of $49,424.56. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 18 per cent completed. The 10-foot anchorage basin has been completed and the 12-foot channel in the upper harbor is being dredged. Under a previous project a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide, in- creased to 250 and 300 feet at the bends, has been dredged to South Norwalk, and thence 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide up to Norwalk, with a branch channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide from the main channel along the East Norwalk water front. The width of the 10-foot channel is somewhat diminished and the East Norwalk Chan- nel has shoaled considerably. The controlling depths in the pres- ent channels at mean low water are: To Washington Street Bridge at South Norwalk, nearly 11 feet; thence to the railroad bridge, 9 feet; thence to Norwalk, 8 feet; and in the East Norwalk Channel, about 3 feet. The head of navigation is at Norwalk. To complete the project requires the completion of the 12-foot channel from the outer harbor to Washington Street Bridge and the deepening of the channel between South Norwalk and Norwalk. The expen- diture has been $38,440.17, all for new work. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to dredging the 12-foot channel in the upper harbor, to straightening and deepening the channel through the outer harbor, and to redredging the East Norwalk Channel in accordance with the following : Redredging East Norwalk Channel, 45,000 cubic yards, at 28 cents___. $12, 600 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--- --------- _-- 1, 400 Total for maintenance--------------------------------- 14, 000 Dredging 12-foot channel, upper harbor (contract in progress, in- cluding outstanding liabilities) ---- --------------------------- 57, 986 Dredging channel in outer harbor: 81,000 cubic yards mud, at 25 cents_ _---_-------------------- 155,000 cubic yards hard material, at 60 cents_---------------- 20, 250 93, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies----------------- 11, 750 Total for new work--- -------------------------------- 182, 986 The upper channel work is being prosecuted under an existing contract and will be completed in about 4 months. It is expected 10710--ENG 1924 9 128 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 that the other works will be commenced in the early fall of 1924 and completed in about 9 months. A considerable portion of the traffic of Norwalk River is in schooners of such draft that navigation is possible only at high water. The authorized increase in depth in the river will greatly facilitate the schooner and other traffic. Funds can profitably be expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for this work, as follows: Deepening Norwalk River: 167,000 cubic yards mud, at 30 cents-- -----.... __ $50, 100 47,000 cubic yards hard material, at 64 cents----- ------------. 30, 080 100 cubic yards bowlders, at $15 -------------- ---- 1, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_ ..------------- 8, 320 Total-- ------------------ ----------------- 90, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, building materials, oysters, wood pulp and general merchandise. Coal and building materials were for the most part carried in barges drawing from 8 to 12 feet; oysters in steamers and motor craft drawing from 4 to 12 feet, and wood pulp and some lumber in schooners drawing up to 15 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of 30 per cent over that reported for 1922 due to increased receipts of coal and building materials. The large in- crease in valuation is due to steamboat freight. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1919........-------------------- ..... 129,666 $1,178,014 1922_-------............-- - 118,257 $2, 428,843 1920 - 115,796 1, 454,854 -................... 1923 -------------------- 158, 257 7,668,759 1921....................... 115,106 1,651,681 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,014.33: New work------------- ------ ---------- $200, 956.98 Maintenance ---------------------------- 64, 469. 33 Net total expended --------------------- - 265, 426. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 462, 413. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1_..... $471.01 $37,969.16 Expended for maintenance 1... $224.41 $7,170.52 $9.19 117.74 11,455.40 Total expended 1-.....--- 224. 41 7, 170. 52 9. 19 588. 75 49,424. 56 Appropriated or allotted---------....... ------------.-------------------- .... 20, 000. 00 139, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 129 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- _-- $107, 411. 25 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 -------- _____ 139, 000. 00 246, 411. 25 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $37, 969.16 For maintenance --------------------------- 11, 455. 40 49, 424. 56 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ___ ____-______ _ July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------$5, 271. 39 196, 986. 69 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 48, 477. 51 53, 748. 90 July 1, 1924, balance available ___________---------------------------- 143, 237. 79 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -_ _ 190,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work ------------------------------ 190, 000. 00 28. STAMFORD HARBOR, CONN. (El0) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 36 miles east of New York City. It consists of a bay about 2 miles wide at its mouth and extending inland 11/2 miles, from which two tidal inlets, known as the east and west branches, 11/2 and 11/5 miles long, respectively, extend northerly into the city of Stamford. The east branch, known locally as the "Canal," is largely artificial; the west branch is the tidal portion of Mill 'River, a small fresh-water stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--The minimum usable low-water depth in the west branch was from 1 to 3 feet at the head, increasing in the bay to 12 feet;' the depth in the east branch was small, but this branch had been straightened and dredged about 61/2 feet deep and 60 feet wide by private enterprise before its improvement was begun by the United States. The head of navigation in the east and west branches was and is about 11/2 and 1% miles, respectively, above the head of the bay. Mill River is said to have been originally navigable by schooners for a considerable distance above the Oliver Street Bridge, at the head of the existing west branch channel. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the act of August 5, 1886. A second project, adopted by the act of July 13, 1892, and modified in 1901 by departmental authority, provided for a channel in the west branch 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, and about 11/5 miles long, with a basin of the same depth be- tween harbor lines at the head of the harbor, and in the east branch a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide for a length of about 8,535 feet and from about 80 to 125 feet wide for about 1,200 feet farther to the head of the harbor. The amount expended on these projects has been $135,142.85 for new work and $55,619.29 for maintenance, a total of $190,762.14. For further de- tails of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. 'Exclusive of available funds. 130 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 12 feet deep 200 feet wide and about 0.6 mile long; a channel in the east branch 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with increased width at the turns, to a point 1,100 feet from the head of navigation, thence of the same depth and from 85 to 125 feet wide to the head of naviga- tion, a total distance of about 1.5 miles; a channel in the west branch 9 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and about three-quarters mile long, and a basin of the same depth and 200 feet wide at the head of the branch. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.3 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1920 is $315,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1914) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1130, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None.. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the provisos " That no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands re- quired for the purpose of this improvement " and " That no part of the appropriation shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that, local interests will con- struct a suitable public wharf." The city of Stamford has completed the construction of a wharf on city property located on the east branch of the harbor, and satis- factory releases have been secured covering the necessary lands. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War November 18, 1919. Prior to the adoption of the original project a channel 61/ feet deep and 60 feet wide had been dredged to the head of the east branch by private interests, at a cost said to be about $250,000. Terminal facilities.-Practicallyall of the wharves served by this improvement are of the shore-line bulkhead type, either with or without pile aprons. In the west branch they surround the basin at the head of the channel. The total frontage developed is over one- half mile. Three wharves are open to public use; the others are for the owners' use exclusively. In the east branch the wharves are located on both sides:of the channel within 3,000 feet of its head. The upper 1,300 feet of frontage on each side is continuous. Over 700 feet of this frontage is open to public use. Railroad connection exists at the head of the branch and along the wharves on the west side. There is no publicly owned terminal in the west branch, but the city of Stamford has constructed one in the east branch. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the city of Stamford increased facilities for water transportation, with a consequent reduction in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The removal by con- tract of bowlders and ledge rock completed the improvement of the east branch channel. Contract dredging completed the channel in the RIVERS AND HIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 131 west branch and partially completed the basin at the head of the channel. Expenditures, including administration and contingencies, amounted to $53,965.42 for new work and $20.84 for maintenance, a total of $53,986.26. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 86 per cent completed. The entrance and east branch channels have been com- pleted, and the west branch channel dredged as far as the basin at the head. The basin has been dredged to a depth of about 8 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: In the entrance channel, 12 feet; in the east branch, 12 feet to the first dolphin above Pine Island; thence, on account of shoals, 101/2 feet to Ludlow Street; and thence 12 feet to the head; in the west branch, 9 feet to the basin; and in the basin about 8 feet. Expenditures under the existing project have been $158,342.60 for new work and $1,293.44 for mainte- nance, a total of $159,636.04. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to completing the deepening of the west branch channel and basin under the contract now in progress in accordance with the fol- lowing : Outstanding liabilities and amount covered by existing contract- ----- 20, 800 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-------------------- 12,162 Total for new work_--------_ _ 32, 962 It is expected that the work will be completed about August 1. Since the east branch channel was widened and deepened in 1921 considerable shoaling has taken place from the heavy banks adjacent to the channel. This channel carries the major portion of the har- bor tonnage, including schooners and barges drawing up to 16 feet. To secure full maintenance of its project dimensions funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as follows: Dredging 80,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents -- __ ____- -_______ $32, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies __.__ -___---__ 3, 000 Total for maintenance---------------------------------- 35, 000 This amount is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the past five years because pending the completion of opera- tions under the existing project maintenance operations have been greatly curtailed. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, sand and stone, general package freight, lumber and petroleum products, carried in steamers, schooners, and barges drawing from 6 to 16 feet. The bulk of this traffic is handled on a draft of from 11 feet to 13 feet. There was an increase in tonnage of about 33 per cent over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1919_..--------------_ 223, 962 $27,479,304 1922------------------- 214, 325 $25, 736, 935 1920------- ---- 1921------------------- 267,121 26,826,035 1923 ------------------- 284,453 25,800, 393 200,081 31,794,495 132 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $440.70: New work__--------- ----------------------------------- $293, 485. 45 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 56, 912. 73 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 350, 398. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------------383, 360. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---...... $441.41 $85, 660. 29 $8, 474. 09 $9, 821. 64 $53, 965. 42 Expended for maintenance l..... 1,350. 63 8, 492. 39 1, 015. 66 256. 94 20. 84 Total expended 1----...... 1,792. 04 94, 152. 68 9, 489. 75 10, 078. 58 53, 986. 26 A p p ro p ria ted or allo tte d . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 12, 000. 00 . . .. . . . . . . . . July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- $92, 948. 61 Deduction on account of transfer to Greenwich Harbor 000. 00 6------------6, 86, 948. 61 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------------$53, 965. 42 For maintenance --------------------------------- 20. 84 53, 986. 26 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ______________- _____- 32, 962. 35 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ __- ____ ____- 16, 184. 28 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 4, 615. 98 20, 800. 26 July 1, 1924, balance available _________- - - ___-___________ 12, 162. 09 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance----------------------------------- 35, 000. 00 29. GREENWICH HARBOR, CONN. (Ell) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 30 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a shallow cove, varying in width from about 1,500 to 200 feet, and extending northward about 3,000 feet from a broad outer bay known as Captains Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 6 feet at the lower docks, decreasing to 2 feet at the head of the harbor, which was also the head of navigation, about 0.6 mile above the outer bay. Previous project.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 90 feet wide from the outer bay to the causeway at the head of navigation, 9 feet deep to the steamboat wharf and 6 feet deep above, the upper end to be enlarged to form a turning basin. The amount expended on this project has been $17,017.19 for new work and $12,906.51 for main- tenance, a total of $29,923.70. s Not deducting re:eceipts- from 2 Exclusive of available funds. sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 133 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot curve in Long Island Sound to a point 500 feet from the causeway at the head of the harbor, about 1.2 miles, 130 feet wide in the outer harbor and 100 feet wide along the water front. The mean tidal range is 7.5 feet, and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, is $49,000. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,250. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H.Doc. No. 289, 63d tong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. A small amount of dredging has been done by private interests at an un- known cost that has provided additional anchorage space and has tended to reduce the cost of subsequent operations by the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves of the bulkhead and apron type along the eastern side of the channel and at the head of the harbor, five of which are in commercial use, and also several land- ings for pleasure craft. Public use of several of these wharves may be had by special agreement. There is no direct physical connection with the railroad. The town of Greenwich owns two small unim- proved wharves, neither of which is accessible to commercial vessels. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Greenwich added facilities for water transportation and has tended to reduce water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging completed the widening of the channel in the outer harbor and par- tially completed the maintenance of the entire channel. Expendi- tures, including administration and inspection, were $71 for new work and $36.28 for maintenance, a total of $107.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1924. The controlling depth at mean low water to the upper end of the project is about 11 feet. Expenditures under the existing project have been $33,599.45 for new work and $827:10 for maintenance, a total of $34,426.55. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to widening and maintaining the channel under contract now in progress in accordance with the following estimate: Outstanding liabilities and amount covered by existing contract_... $16, 638. 00 Administration, inspection, and contingencies------------- 1, 511. 63 Total --------------------------------------- 18, 149. 63 It is expected that work will be completed about August 1. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1926, as the completion of this work will place the improvement in a condi- tion to meet the requirements of commerce for several years. 134 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coai, sand, stone, building materials, petroleum products, and lumber carried in barges and schooners drawing from 8 to 15 feet. A ferry service to Oyster Bay was in operation during the summer season. There was a general increase of about 14 per cent in freight handled over that reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value year year Passengers 1919_---------- 80, 717 $9, 844, 564 (1) 1922.....---------- 94, 745 $13, 397, 544 (1) 1920........... 91, 090 828, 830 (1) 1923--..... .- 107, 927 1, 089, 665 43, 190 1921........... 105, 043 15, 679, 982 (1) 1No record. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $247.76: New work ------------------------------------------ $50, 616. 64 Maintenance------------------------13, 733. 61 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 64, 350. 25 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 82, 499. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---........ $33, 455. 62 $71. 00 Expended for maintenance 1..... 2, 806. 97 $47. 13 $332. 94 $411.25 36. 28 Total expended 1-.....--..... 36, 262. 59 47. 13 332. 94 411. 25 107. 28 Appropriated or allotted---------........ ----- -------------- $8, 700. 00 6, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------- $12, 256. 91 Amount transferred from Stamford Harbor ------------------- 6, 000. 00 18, 256. 91 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------------- $71. 00 For maintenance----------- ------------------- 36. 28 107. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_____----------------------- 18, 149. 63 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------- $7, 380. 49 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 9, 257. 92 16, 638. 41 July 1, 1924, balance available______-- __--------------1,511. 22 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP E Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $34,425.07: New work_-------------- --------------------------- $4, 424, 018. 12 Maintenance------- 882, 972. 74 __-------------- Net total expended ----------------------------- 5, 306, 990. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 5, 695, 288. 39 RIVERS AND HIARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT 135 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1--- $63, 600. 49 $162,659.39 $14, 988. 27 $25, 087. 71 $100, 443.93 Expended for maintenance 1-.... 28, 433. 62 55, 081. 61 45, 623. 27 79, 986. 52 116, 724. 21 Total expended 1----.......... 92, 034. 11 217, 741. 00 60, 611. 54 105, 074. 23 217, 168. 14 Appropriated or allotted...-------....-- 44,000. 00 6,000. 00 100, 000. 00 194, 795. 06 176, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _-________---- ---- _ $400, 442. 77 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 __________--- - ---- 50, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ----------------------------------- 161, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 .- __.-_____- -__- 22. 90 611, 465. 67 Deduction on account of transfer to Greenwich Harbor---------- 6, 000. 00 605, 465. 67 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work _______________-__________ $100,443. 93 For maintenance______- _________-- -- __- - 116, 724. 21 217, 168. 14 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_______--____-_ 388, 297. 53 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_--__----- $55, 481. 58 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 127, 133. 86 182, 615. 44 July 1, 1924, balance available----------------------------- 205, 682. 09 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------ 2179, 150. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work_- _______-__________----________ 2111, 000. 00 For maintenance..--..--------------- 2152, 000. 00 Total----------------------------------------- 2263, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Newport Harbor, R. I.; that por- tion situated east of the city wharf.--Report dated December 6, 1922, was transmitted to Congress December 12, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of New Bedford and Fairhaven Har- bor, Mass.-Report dated January 21, 1923, was transmitted to Con- gress December 14, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 10710--ENG 1924- 10 136 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 United States, other than as provided by the existing project, is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Buzzards Bay, 1Mass., and approaches to Cape Cod Canal. 2. Thames River, Conn. 3. Westport Harbor and Saugatuck River, Conn. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT This district includes all of the principal channels and anchorages of the greater part of the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Harbor, from the Battery, New York City, to the Atlantic Ocean; the rivers and harbors of Long Island, N. Y., Long Island Sound, and the rivers and harbors on its northern shore west of the Connecticut boundary line; East River from the head of Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck to the Battery, New York City, including its tributaries from the north; Hudson River and tributaries to the head of navi- gation about 250 miles north from the Battery; and Lake Champlain and tributaries from Whitehall, N. Y., to the Canadian border. District engineer: Lieut. Col. J. R. Slattery, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation] Page Page 1. Port Chester Harbor, N. Y. 19. Bay Ridge and Red Hook (Al) 137 Channels, N. Y__-__-_--- 199 2. Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y. 20. Buttermilk Channel, N. Y__ 202 (A2) 140 21. Gowanus Creek Channel, 3. Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y. N. Y- 206 (A3) 144 22. East River, N. Y_ 209 4. East Chester Creek, N. Y. 23. Wallabout Channel, N. Y___ 220 (A4) 147 24. Newtown Creek, N. Y __ 222 5. Westchester Creek, N. Y. 25. Harlem River, N. Y__ ___. 226 (A5) 150 26. Hudson River Channel, N. Y_ 231 6. Bronx River, N. Y. (A6)_- 153 27. New York Harbor: Collec- 7. New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y_ 158 tion of drift__ ___ 237 8. Harbor at Flushing Bay, 28. Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y N. Y- 161 (B)----------------- 239 9. Hempstead Harbor, N. Y___ 165 29. Peekskill Harbor, N. Y. 10. Huntington Harbor, N. Y.__ 167 (B2) ------------------- 241 11. Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y_ 170 30. Wappinger Creek, N. Y. 12. Mattituck Harbor, N. Y ___ 173 (B3) ------------------ 244 13. Great South Bay, N. Y ____ 175 31. Saugerties Harbor, N. Y. 14. Browns Creek, N. Y_ 178 (B4) ------------------ 246 15. Jamaica Bay, N. Y_ 180 32. Rondout Harbor, N. Y. 16. Sheepshead Bay, N. Y _.... 185 (B5) ------------------ 249 17. New York Harbor: Ambrose, 33. Hudson River, N. Y_ 252 Main Ship, Bayside, and 34. Operating and care of lock Gedney- Channels, includ- and dam in Hudson River ing Anchorage Channel at Troy, N. Y--__------ 260 and Craven Shoal, and 35. Narrows of Lake Champlain, channel between Staten N. Y. and Vt----------- 261 Island and Hoffman and 36. Burlington Harbor, Vt_____ 264 Swinburne Islands, N. Y_ 187 37. Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y___ 266 18. Coney Island Channel, N. Y_ 197 38. Port Henry Harbor, N. Y___ 269 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 137 PORT CHESTER, MAMARONECK, AND ECHO BAY HARBORS, EAST CHESTER AND WESTCHESTER CREEKS, AND BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (GROUP A) 1. PORT CHESTER HARBOR, N. Y. (Al) Location and description.-This harbor, located at the boundary between the States of New York and Conneticut, and about 32'miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, consists of the Byram River and a shallow bay at its mouth, about 100 acres in extent, opening into Long Island Sound. About 1 mile above its mouth, at the head of navigation, the river is crossed by a fixed bridge. The source of the river is about 13 miles north of the bridge. Below the bridge the river is tidal and from 100 to 300 feet wide. The bay is protected from storms in the Sound by Manursing Island on the south and a breakwater extending out from Byram Point on the east. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The river had a mean low-water depth of about 1 foot. Salt Rock in the river and Sunken Rock in the bay were considered to be dangerous obstructions. The head of naviga- tion was and is at the fixed bridge, about 13/4 miles from Long Island Sound. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement, adopted June 10, 1872, was modified in 1884 and enlarged March 3, 1899, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $74,995.10 for new work and $16,369.12 for maintenance, a total of $91,364.22. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the mouth of the river at the southerly point of Fox Island; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to 900 feet below the fixed bridge at Mill Street, in Port Chester, including a turning basin opposite the steam- boat landing; and thence 3 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide to 100 feet below the fixed bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 15/ miles. Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1924, is $264,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance after completion is $1,400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1165, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About 1893 the local authorities, aided by private interests, expended $1,200 in dredging the channel above Fox Island previously excavated by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 20 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,197 feet, are located on Byram River at and be- tween Fox Island and the fixed bridge; one of these is connected with 138 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the main line of railroad by spur track. One terminal, with avail- able dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned, but is not used because of its inconvenient location; 18, with available dockage of 3,122 feet, are either corporately or privately owned; and 1 consists of an earth slope occupied by a trestle supporting a pipe line. Other details are as follows: 11 with available dockage of 1,728 feet consist of solid fills behind stone bulkheads ; 7 with available dockage of 1,169 feet consist of open pile with solid fills behind stone bulkheads in rear; 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of a solid fill behind a timber bulkhead; and 1 consists of a pile trestle supporting a pipe line. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been ren- dered easier and safer, while the draft and registered tonnage of the largest vessels entering the harbor have increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract entered into November 22, 1923, for dredging and rock removal at and above Fox Island and for maintenance dredging in the turning basin near the head of the improvement was commenced December 18, 1923, and completed June 23, 1924. This work resulted in restoring the turning basin, 590 feet long and 110 feet to 350 feet wide, to project depth, and in removing two rock ledges, about 2.000 square feet and 2,093 square feet in area, respectively, at and just above Fox Island, which theretofore had obstructed and endangered navigation in this section of the river. The expenditures amounting to $43,122.51-$32,456.74 for new work and $10,665.77 for maintenance-were in payment of the above work and of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the im- provement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 60 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The controlling mean low-water depth through a channel of navigable width is about 11 feet up to the first bend below Fox Island; thence to Purdy Grove, a distance of 2,000 feet, about 10 feet; thence to the turning basin, a distance of 2,400 feet, about 8 feet; and thence up to Willet Avenue the channel and turning basin are of full project width and depth; above Willet Avenue no work has been done, and the existing depths are 2 feet or less. To complete the project the following work remains to be done: Widening the channel from the entrance at Long Island Sound up to the vicinity of Fox Island; completing the widening and deepening of the channel at and above Fox Island to the turn- ing basin; and excavating the channel of 3 feet projected depth above the turning basin to just below the fixed bridge. In the prose- cution of this work both dredging and rock removal will be required. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $170,062.73-$154,806.56 for new work and $15,256.17 for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $45,073.05. With this it is proposed to prosecute work as fol- lows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 139 (a) Operation of pipe-line dredge Clinton for about two months to complete to full width and depth that portion of the channel between the Sound and Fox Island ----------------------- __ $20, 000. 00 (b) Maintenance dredging to remove shoals between Fox Island and the turning basin near the head of the improvement under a contract to be entered into, which should be com- pleted Nov. 1, 1924. 000. 00 1------------------------------- (c) Payment of outstanding liabilities in connection with dredging and rock removal under contract completed in June, 1924___ 10, 073. 05 Total -------------------------------------------------- 45, 073. 05 The sum of $57,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to- (a) Remove 1,600 cubic yards of ledge rock in scattering areas be- tween the upstream limits of Fox Island and the turning basin at the head of the improvement __ __-- (b) Dredge 60,000 cubic yards of material other than ledge rock in _____------ $24, 000. 00 this same section of the river ------------------------- 33, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 57, 000. 00 This work is necessary in order to remove rocky obstructions and shoals complained of by navigation interests. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, ashes and general mer- chandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 156,950 $13,604,691 1922.................--------------------. 1919..................-------------------- 165,538 15,776,151 1920............ -------------------- 139,106 13,049,479 1923..... -------------------- ..... 259,490 12, 577, 537 1921----------.....----------180,951 17,588,046 Passengers carried: None. About, 45,000 short tons of package freight were carried by a regular steamboat line between Port Chester and New York City. A number of small pleasure craft use the harbor during the sum- mer season. The increase in tonnage and decrease in value of the tonnage for 1923 is due to an increase in the tonnage of relatively 'inexpensive commodities carried and a decrease in the tonnage of comparatively higher priced commodities carried. The tonnage for 1923 was carried, in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet Building material 37.4 5-8 Ashes--------------------- 7.1 5-8 Coal ------------- _ ----- 20. 3 5-8. General merchandise...... 17. 6 11 140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $656.67. New work ----------------------------------------- $229, 801. 66 Maintenance- ---------------- 31, 625. 29 Net total expended________________________ ___ 261, 426. 95 Total appropriations to date of this report__-------------------- 306, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- .-- .... ... ...-----..... - $1, 286. 14 $32, 456. 74 Expended for maintenance _, $66. 00 $281. 95 $293. 06' 697. 20 10, 665. 77 Total expended 1 ... 66. 00 281. 95 293. 06 1, 983. 34 43, 122. 51 Appropriated or allotted ..--- - - __-...... - - - 000. 00 ,30, 25, 000. 00 35, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpected---------------------------$53, 194. 31 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923_ -------------------- ------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _ ------------------------------------------- 5,000. 00 Receipts from sales etc., during fiscal year 1924__------------- 1. 25 88, 195. 56 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work ----------------------------- $32, 456. 74 For maintenance ---- _10, 665. 77 43, 122. 51 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 45, 073. 05 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ______--- ____ - 2, 624. 65 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-- 6, 324.15 8, 948. 80 July 1, 1924, balance available -------------- --------------- 36, 124. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____________________-______--__ 2 64, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work----------------------------- 57, 000. 00 2. MAMARONECK HARBOR, N. Y. (A2) Location and description.-This harbor, situated on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles west of the Connecticut State line, and 27 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, con- sists of a tidal inlet opening into a shallow bay about 1 square mile in area. Mamaroneck River, the source of which is 7 miles north of the harbor, empties into the inlet at the head of navigation, which is marked by a fixed bridge at the Boston Post Road in the village of Mamaroneck, 1 mile above the head of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A narrow winding channel passed to the westward of Grassy Knoll, a rocky obstruction situated 1,000 feet 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 141 south of Harbor Island. It had a controlling depth of 4.6 feet at mean low water up to an old steamboat wharf on the island; above this, to wharves near the head of navigation just below the Boston Post Road, the controlling depth was six-tenths of a foot. A second- ary channel passed to the east of Grassy Knoll and afforded a pas- sage for a large part of the tidewaters. Outside the limits of these channels the harbor abounded in flats. Several rocks obstructed the mouth of the harbor and caused the wrecking of a number of vessels. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified April 27, 1899. There was expended under this project $40,000- $35,371.50 for new work and $4,628.50 for maintenance. For further details of this project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1759. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. There was expended under this project up to June 30, 1924, $54,139.29-$45,352.93 for new work and $8,786.36 for maintenance. The expenditure of these funds resulted in completing all work pro- vided for under the project except a small unimportant stretch of channel at the head of navigation immediately below Boston Post Road. Existing project.-This provides for an anchorage area near the head of navigation and for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet bottom width from deep water in Long Island Sound to Orienta Point, and thence 80 feet bottom width following the lines of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1087, 61st Cong., 3d sess.), to a point about 150 feet below the Boston Post Road, with widening at bends. Length of section included in project 11/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet (esti- mated). Estimated cost for new work, made in 1919, $103,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects; estimated cost of annual maintenance, made in 1919, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 651, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 1087, Sixty- first Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, re- quired that easements for right of way and for the disposition of the dredged material on Harbor Island be furnished free of cost to the United States. The easement for right of way was approved by the Secretary of War May 20, 1913, and by July, 1913, the village au- thorities-had completed the construction of a rubblestone wall around Harbor Island, at a cost of about $10,000, inclosing about 12 acres of marshland and land under water for the reception of material to be excavated in improving the harbor. In 1916 the Orienta Yacht Club dredged a channel through the flats north of Harbor Island from deep water in the main channel up to its landing 60 feet wide, 6 feet deep, and 600 feet long, at a cost of $3,500. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that no work shall be dclone until the village authorities or other 142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 interests concerned shall construct, or give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will construct, a public wharf and provide free of cost to the United States dumping areas for the dredged material, or in lieu thereof such other facilities in the way of a wharf and dumping grounds as the Chief of Engineers may decide. The board of trustees of the village of Mamaroneck agreed, by resolution adopted November 5, 1923, to furnish free of cost to the United States sufficient available dumping area for dredged mate- rial. The time limit for the construction of the proposed public wharf at Harbor Island was extended, at the request of the board, for 3 years, to December 31, 1926. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with a total available dockage of 815 feet, are located at the head of navigation; two of these are connected by spur track with the electric trolley service; one of the terminals with available dockage of 70 feet is publicly owned; the remainder are privately owned, one of which, with available dockage of 60 feet, is open to the public. Other de- tails are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 215 feet consists of open-pile construction, with solid fill behind stone bulkheads in the rear. 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of part open-pile and part timber bulkhead construction. 2 with available dockage of 270 feet consist of dry rubblestone retaining walls. I with available dockage of 60 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. The existing facilities are not adequate for existing commerce; the village authorities have taken preliminary steps for the construc- tion of an additional wharf to be open to the public, but no actual work of construction has yet been undertaken. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Mamaroneck Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures under the previous project amounted to $91.78 and were in payment of the cost of an examination of the channel by sounding and of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the main- tenance of the improvement. There were no expenditures under the existing project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. When examined in June, 1924, the channel dredged under the previous project was in fairly good condition both as to width and depth; the controlling depth was about 7 feet at mean low water. Considerable shoaling had taken place in and close to the bend off Otter Creek and also about midway between this bend and the bend off Harbor Island, but was not of sufficient extent to re- quire immediate removal. There have been no expenditures on the existing project. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $160.71. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses as may be properly chargeable to this work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 143 The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooperation) have not been fulfilled. No additional funds can therefore be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919.--------------------- 45,816 $1,890,495 1922---------------------50,276 $1,321,480 1920-_.....-------------. 30,142 1,920,773 1923 --------------------- 130,343 1,005,402 1921....................... 45, 125 1, 477, 267 Passengers carried: None. About 4,000 tons of package freight were carried by a regular steamboat line between Mamaroneck and New York City. The harbor is also used as an anchorage for a large number of pleasure boats and about 100 visits are made annually to a local boat yard for repairs and refitting. The increase in tonnage and decrease in value of the tonnage of 1923 is due to an increase in the tonnage of relatively inexpensive commodities and a decrease in the tonnage of comparatively higher priced commodities carried. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet Building material......... 53. 8 4Y%9 Ashes--------------------- 27. 0 6-8 Coal...................... 12. 5 8 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $33.96: New work---_ -------------------------------------- $80, 724. 43 Maintenance_----------------- ------------------------ 13, 414. 86. Net total expended----------------- -------- ---------- 94, 139. 29 Total appropriations to date of this report---- ---------------- 94, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work..--- Expended for maintenance .. ------- $104.49 $70. 01 $84. 32 $28. 08 $91. 78 Appropriated or allotted.... i Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- ---- ________----------_ $252. 24 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 -- __-___-____- -. 25 252. 49 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 1 91.78 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_-- ....... ____ _____ 160. 71 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_....----- __--____ ----- 3. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available_ ---______---------_____ _ --- 157. 71 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----- ----------- - - -2' 103, 000. 00 3. ECHO BAY HARBOR, N. Y. (A3) Location and description.-This harbor, on which lies the city of New Rochelle, is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 8 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 24 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and consists of a shallow inlet, five-eighths of a mile long and 150 feet to 2,000 feet wide, interspersed with islands and with a b'ay at its mouth three-eighths of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide. The inlet, or inner harbor, is landlocked, except at the. extreme outer end, while the b'ay, or outer harbor, is exposed to southeasterly storms. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel leading from the bay to the wharves was only 1 to 2 feet deep and was obstructed by Long Rock, Start Rock, and Sheepshead Reef. The first-mentioned rock was ex- posed at low water and the other two had not more than 1.6 feet and 2.2 feet of water over them, respectively, at mean low water. The head of navigation was and is at the head of the inlet about five- eighths of a mile north of the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and modified June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $47,378.16- $47,367.75 for new work and $10.41 for maintenance. Four further details of previous projects see Annu'al Report for 1915, page 1760. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 10-foot con- tour in Echo Bay to the city wharf at Beaufort Point (Hudson Park), and a turning basin of the same depth at the inner extremity of the channel. Length of section included in project, 1,300 feet. M'ean tidal range, 71/4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; ex- treme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1910, is $22,110, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate was made for annual cost of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1118, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published m'ap is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project. None. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 145 Local cooperation.-None required by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities of the city of New Rochelle expended about $27,500 in constructing a public wharf at Beaufort Point and about $50,000 in dredging, mainly at and in the approaches to this wharf. There was expended in 1913 by private interests in the construction of a public pier, $2,500, and during and prior to 1913 private interests expended for dredging about $87,475, mainly in the excavation of a channel extending from the main channel 'at Beaufort Point to the head of navigation near Main Street, and from the same point up to and along the water front of the New Rochelle Coal & Lumber Co. property. Terminal facilitie.--Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,395 feet, are scattered along the water front at and between Beaufort Point and the head of navigation. One, with available dockage of 450 feet, is publicly owned; it is inconveniently located with reference to the business center; three, with available dockage of 1,645 feet, ,are privately owned; one, with available dock- age of 200 feet, is corporately owned; and one, with a frontage of 100 feet, supports two pipe lines on trestles and is privately owned. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 450 feet consistss'of solid fill behind stone bulkhead. 1 with available dockage of 200 feet consists partly of concrete bulkhead and partly timber crib bulkhead with solid fill behind. 1 with available dockage of 1,400 feet consists partly of timber bulk- head, partly of rubblestone retaining wall, and partly of open pile work with rubblestone wall in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open pile work with timber crib bulkhead and solid fill in rear. 1 with frontage of 100 feet consists of two pipe lines supported on small trestles. 1 with frontage of 20 feet consists of a ferry rack with dry rubblestone wall in rear. The existing facilities are probably adequate for the amount of commerce that can be accommodated by existing chiannel dimensions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Echo Bay Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189, of this report.) Effect of improvement.-As the result of improvement the draft of vessels entering the harbor has been increased. A steamboat line for carrying passengers and motor vehicles between New iRochelle and Sea Cliff, Long Island, has been discontinued. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; dredging for maintenance was unnecessary. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was con- pleted in 1911; no work of mainternance has been done since. When examined in June, 1919, the project depth was available, with the exception of slight shoaling in small scattered areas. The control- ling depth as far as Beaufort Point is about 10 feet, thence to the head of the inlet, about 3 feet. The total expenditures under the 146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 existing project amounted to $18,725.90-$17,216.14 for new work and $1,509.76 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available for this lo- cality. It is believed that dredging for maintenance will not be necessary during the next two years. No funds can therefore be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Vehicles carried carried 1919...................................-------------------------------------------. 82, 487 $6, 270, 647 100, 000 5, 000 1920 ..... ------------------------------------------- 90, 733 5, 829, 800 (1) (1) 1921-..... ------------------------------------------- 84, 106 4, 663, 381 (1) (1) 1922-------------------------------------------.............................................90, 938 3, 361,725 (1) (1) 1923...........................................------------------------------------------ 214, 130 2, 074, 896 (1) (1) 1Ferry discontinued. The harbor is used as an anchorage ground for a large number of pleasure boats. The increase in tonnage and decrease in value of the tonnage of 1923 is due to the increase in tonnage of relatively inexpensive com- modities and to the decrease in tonnage of commodities of compara- tively higher value. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of oUaem Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total ton- draft ofa draft of Class of freight carried total ton- ofdraft loaded of nage vessels nage vessels Feet Feet Building material......... 39. 3 6-8 Petroleum products....... 9. 0 6-8 Coal ...................-------------------. 44.2 6-8 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,071.57: New work------------------------------------------$64, 583. 89 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 1, 520. 17 Net total expended ----------- ----------------------- 66, 104. 0 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- 66, 104. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work------..--------------..------------------------------------------.... Expended for maintenance 1--- $38. 95 $42. 69 $52. 74 $251. 01.. Appropriated or allotted......------- ----------------...........----------- ----------------------- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 147 4. EAST CHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A4) Location and description.-This creek, also known as Hutchinson River, empties into East Chester Bay, an indentation 3 miles long and 1,000 feet to 11/2 miles wide, in the north shore of Long Island Sound, immediately east of Throgs Neck, 12 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 21 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. Its source is 9 miles slightly east of north from the head of the bay. The navigable section of the creek is tidal, is 100 feet to 1,000 feet in width, and extends about 21/2 miles above its mouth. The approach through the bay is approximately 600 feet wide, with a controlling depth of 5 feet at mean low water. Four bridges cross the creek-two near the mouth, one a highway bridge and the other a railroad bridge; one highway bridge at Boston Post Road and another at Fulton Avenue. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The head of navigation was marked by a highway bridge at the Boston Post Road, about 2 miles above the head of the bay, to which point the creek was navigable at high tide by vessels of 7 feet draft. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted March 3, 1873, was modified in 1891. There was expended under this project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $115,500-$89,091.22 for new work and $26,408.78 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1761. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide for about 3,400 feet from the bay to about 700 feet above the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- road Bridge, thence 100 feet wide for about 8,000 feet to about 1,200 feet below Lockwoods, and thence 70 feet wide for about 3,800 feet to about 300 feet above Fulton Avenue Bridge, a total length of about 3 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.5 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for neWvwork, revised in 1921, is $119,000, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1250, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1017. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1877 the lands necessary for a right of way, the value of which is not known, were secured to the United States by the State of New York. This right of way extended from a point some distance below the Boston Post Road up to a point about 3,000 feet above it. In 1894 a slip and basin were excavated and bulkheaded in the west shore of the creek immediately above the Boston Post Road, at a cost of about $50,000. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,575 feet, are located in'the upper 3,500 feet of the 148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 projected improvement; none has railroad connections. One pub- licly owned terminal, with available dockage of 500 feet, is open to the public; four, with available dockage of 475 feet, are privately owned; and four, with available dockage of 1,600 feet, are cor- porately owned, one of which, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is open to the public. All terminals consist of solid fill behind a pile and timber bulkhead, and are located on or conveniently adja- cent to paved streets in fair to good condition. One of the terminals open to the public, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is in fair to poor condition; the publicly owned termi- nal is in fair condition; all others are in good condition. Local interests have in view the construction of one or two additional ter- minals to meet the increased demands of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) East Chester Creek lies within the limits of the port dis- trict as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Water terminals have been constructed along a section of the creek heretofore inaccessible to cargo-carrying vessels. This section is now used at high-water periods by vessels of up to 12 feet loaded draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations were prosecuted by the use of Government plant from October 2, 1923, to December 22, 1923. The work done has resulted in complet- ing the improvement to project dimensions between the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad bridge just below Goose Island and the head of the projected improvement, except l5etween Goose Island and the railroad bridge, where the channel was excavated to a width of 100 feet instead of to the project width of 150 feet, and the re- moval of two small areas of ledge rock. The total expenditures amounted to $40,344.70-$2,600 for new work and $37,744.70 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 85 per cent completed. When examined in January, 1924, the control- ing depth up to about 5,000 feet above the railroad bridge was not less than the project depth of 5 feet; thence, through a navigable channel of varying width, up to the Boston Post Road, 41/2 feet; thence to the head of the improvement there was a channel of full project dimensions. To complete the project requires the widening of a section of the channel, about 300 feet in 'length, in the vicinity of Goose Island, to project width, and the removal of two small areas of ledge rock, one situated in the east side of channel between the rail- road bridge and the Pelham highway bridge, the other in the west side of the channel about 1,800 feet below the Boston Post Road. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $149,- 782.27-$101,348.93 for new work and $48,433.34 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $217.73. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses as may be properly chargeable to this work. The sum of $16,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to- RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 149 (a) Remove 300 cubic yards of ledge rock from between the railroad and highway bridges near the mouth of the creek and from the reach of channel about 1,800 feet below the Boston Post Road___ $4, 500 (b) Dredge about 8,000 cubic yards of material other than ledge rock__ 4, 000 (c) Redredge 15,000 cubic yards of material for maintenance of the channel where it has shoaled from sloughing in of the marshy banks ------------------------------- 7, 500 Total__ ----------------------------------------------- 16, 000 The above work is necessary to make available for the larger vessels using the creek the full dimensions provided for under the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919-..................._ . 247,214 $1,627,363 1922.--------------------. 249, 327 $2, 831, 903 1920 182,216 2, 461,231 19233------- "---- 576, 787 6, 276,751 _ . 1921................. 261,883 3,395,517 Passengers carried: None. The increase in tonnage for 1923 is due to greater quantities of' building material and coal. The increase in value for 1923 as compared with previous years is due to an increase in the comparatively more expensive commodities carried through this waterway. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total draft of Class of freight carried total ofloaded tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Building material-......... 38. 6 7-10 Petroleum products-----.......-- / 14.7 6-8 Coal...................... 39.7 6- 9 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $44.86: New work---------- ------------------------------ $190, 440. 15 Maintenance ----------- ------------------------- 74, 842. 12 Net total expended-------- ----- ------------------ 265, 282. 27 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 265, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-..--.... $746. 04 $5, 646. 96 -------------- $417. 60 $2, 600. 00 Expended for maintenance 11..... 495. 42 5, 552. 47 $143. 58 688. 17 37, 744. 70 Total expended 1.......... 1, 241. 46 11,199. 43 143. 58 1,10. 77 40, 344. 70 Appropriated or allotted........ 2,500. 00 18, 000. 00 ........------------- 20, 000. 00 3,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended.-------- -------------------- $37, 060. 58 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act Mar. 2, 1923- - _--_---------- - 3, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ----.... 1. 85 1 40, 562. 43 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-__,__-__--------------- $2, 600. 00 For maintenance-- --------------------- - 37, 744. 70 40, 344. 70 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended__- ------------------ 217. 73 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 1. 36 July 1, 1924, balance available ------------ ,--------------- 216. 37 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 217, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work ------------------------ --- 2 8, 500. 00 For maintenance . ----------- . - .-- ----------- 27, 500. 00 Total ------------------------------------ 216, 000. 00 5. WESTCHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A5) Location and description.-This creek lies wholly within the limits of Greater New York and extends northward 4 miles from an estu- ary in the north shore of East River, N. Y., situated 14 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The estuary varies from 500 to 3,000 feet in width and is about 1 mile long; the depths out- side the dredged channel vary from 1 foot at the head of navigation, 12/3 miles above the mouth of the creek, to 6 feet at East River. The navigable section of the creek is tidal throughout its length and is from 110 feet to 500 feet wide. A fixed bridge marks the head of navigation at Main Street in Westchester village, and a bascule bridge crosses the creek at Unionport, about 1 mile below the fixed bridge. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-So far as now known, it was not navigable beyond the site now occupied by the fixed bridge at Main Street. The mean low-water depth available for navigation was 31/2 feet through a channel varying in width from 20 feet to 80 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The total expenditures on this project up to June 30, 1924, were $136,024.91-$77,181.64 for new work and $58,843.27 for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 238 of Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide for a length of 2,000 feet through the estuary; thence 80 feet wide for 3,000 feet; and thence 60 feet wide to the head of navigation at Fort Schuyler Road, a distance of 8,800 feet, with widening at bends, and with two turning basins, one near the upper end of the channel and another near the Unionport Bridge, a total length of about 25/ miles. Mean tidal range, 6.8 feet; 1 Not deducting reeceipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 151 mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 13 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1922, is $475,000, and $2,500 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922 (H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that before entering upon the work local interests or other interested parties shall- (a) Furnish free of cost to the United States suitable and convenient areas, sufficient for the deposit of dredging necessary for the completion of the project. (b) Build at least one pier with available landings not less than 300 feet total length, to furnish two berths approximately 150 by 50 feet, or sufficient for the largest barges without encroaching upon the improved channel; to remove rock or other hard bottom in the berths to a depth 5 feet greater than that of the channel, so that a vessel entering at or near high tide may safely lie there while discharging cargo; to assure that such pier or piers will either be public property or will be open to public use on equal and reasonable terms. If only one pier is built, it shall be located not more than one-half mile below the head of navigation. (c) Furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary right of way across upland lying between the harbor lines, as established by the Secretary of War May 2, 1914. None of these provisions has yet been carried into effect. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 14 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,115 feet, are located-2 between the mouth and Unionport, 5 at Unionport, 1 about midway between Unionport and Westchester village, and 6 in the upper 750 feet of the projected channel; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals with available dockage of 150 feet are publicly owned, 8 with available dockage of 1,335 feet are privately owned, and 4 with available dock- age of 630 feet are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: 8 are of open pile construction, with earth slope in rear. 4 consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 1 consists of open pile construction, with rubblestone bulkhead in rear. 1 consists of a pipe line resting on a small trestle. The facilities appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) West- chester Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recom- mended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The draft of the largest vessels using the creek has increased, delays to water-borne commerce have been re- duced, and part of the water-borne commerce of Bronx River has been diverted to this stream pending the completion of the channel at that place. No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging for main- tenance was prosecuted by the use of Government plant from Janu- ary" 30 to May 15, 1924. As a result of this work there is now a channel of navigable width, 7 feet deep at mean low water, from 152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, I. S. ARMY, 1924 East River to the head of navigation at Fort Schuyler Road, except for a shoal about 3,100 feet below Unionport Bridge and another small shoal area, believed to be ledge rock, situated just above this bridge, where the depth is 61/2 feet. The expenditures during the year, amounting to $45,788.28, were in payment of the above-mentioned work and of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement, under the project of June 25, 1910. Condition at end of fscal year.--No work has been done on the existing project. An examination made in April, 1924, showed that there was a navigable channel of varying width and 7 feet depth through the estuary; thence for a length of 5,300 feet a channel of full project dimensions, except for two shoal areas, one situated about 3,100 feet below and the other just above Unionport Bridge; thence to the head of the improvement a navigable channel of varying width and 61/2 feet depth. No expenditures have been made on the exist- ing project. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $2,755.09. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses as may be properly chargeable to the work. The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooperation) have not been fulfilled. No additional funds can therefore be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919___-............... . 126, 218 $617, 490 1922--.-...... ..... . 343, 719 -___ $472, 053 1920- ...................... 264,442 1,029,7191923 -------------------- ..... 281474 1,641,292 1921....................... 470,848 922,780 Passengers carried: None. The increase in tonnage in 1921 was due mainly to the receipt of large quantities of ashes for filling purposes. The decrease in tonnage for 1923 is due to the decrease in amount of ashes received on this waterway. The increase in value for 1923 is due to the increase in tonnage of higher priced commodities. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usuallimit Per cent of Usuallimit Class of freight carried total draft of Class of freight carried total draftdedof tonnage vessels tonnage vessels Feet Feet Building material--------........ 68. 5 6-10 Ashes- - -............... 17. 6 6-10 Coal..- ..- ....... ' 8.1 6-10 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 153 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29.45: New work ------------------------------------------ $77, 181. 64 Maintenance-- ------------------------------------- 58, 843. 27 Net total expended --------------------------------- 136, 024. 91 Total apropriations to date of this report ------------------- 138, 780. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work......... . ........--- - - Expended for maintenance ..... $46. 06 $300. 82 $445. 99 $1, 073. 54 $45,788.28 Appropriated or allotted------..... ------------------------- $12, 000. 00 ---- $35, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______----------- $13, 041. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923_____-_._________ -_________ Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 35, 500. 00 2. 30 ___ _ 48, 543. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 45, 788. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_____---------------- ____ 2, 755. 09 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 105. 40 July 1, 1924, balance available_----------------- 2, 649. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--___ __--------------- :--475, 000. 00 6. BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (A6) Location and description.-This stream, about 15 miles long, flows in a general direction slightly west of south and empties into a shallow bay, 1 mile long and 300 to 4,500 feet wide in the north shore of East River, 11 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The navigable portion, which is tidal, varies in high-water width from 60 to 300 feet and extends 21/4 miles from the head of the bay to a dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, Bronx Borough, New York City. It is crossed by a highway bridge at Westchester Avenue, 11/ miles above its mouth, and by a railroad bridge 600 feet farther upstream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, wind- ing through a mud flat and obstructed by rocky ledges and mud shoals. The available mean low-water depth was 3.3 feet to West- chester Avenue, thence decreasing gradually until from East One hundred and seventy-sixth Street to the dam at the head of naviga- tion the bottom was bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. There was expended under this project, prior to the commencement of -work under the existing project in 1913, $95,957.05--$69,035.72 for new work and $26,921.33 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see An- nual Report for 1915, page 1762. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and a minimum bottom width of 100 feet, with widening at the bends, to extend from deep water in East River to the head of navigation at the dam at East One hundred and seventy- seventh Street, involving the first dredging from East River to Randall Avenue to a width of 200 feet; thence to Spofford Avenue, 150 feet; thence to Watson Avenue, 125 feet; thence to the railroad bridge near Westchester Avenue, 100 feet, except in the southern approach to the bridge, where it is to be 140 feet; and above the bridge 100 feet, with increase at bends where permissible, including a turning basin at the head of the improvement. It also provides for maintaining the channel excavated under the project adopted June 3, 1896, until the channel provided for under the existing project is open to traffic to the railroad bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 31/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 7 feet in the estuary and about 6 feet at the head of navigation; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 and 6.4 feet (estimated), respectively. Irregular nontidal fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 3 feet below mean low water to about 10 feet above; while they are not of great frequency, commerce is adversely affected to a very appreciable extent during the periods of low tides, which are most frequent during the winter months. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $930,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate of annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 897, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1912, page 1470. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project was adopted subject to the condition that any right of way necessary for the execution of the project should be furnished free of cost to the United States. Necessary preliminaries for the transfer of lands to the United States for right of way have been completed, and title to part of these lands, those situated below Westchester Avenue, has been vested in the United States. Under date of September 7, 1920, the deed from the city of New York conveying the land below Westchester Avenue to the United States was accepted by the Secretary of War. The lands needed for right of way above Westchester Avenue have not yet been transferred to the United'States. The local authorities have expended $8,000 in the construction and maintenance of a public wharf, and local interests have expended $26,200 in removing from the vicinity of their wharves material from the channels included in the previous project for improvement. by the United States. Terminal facilities.--Water terminals, 15 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,480 feet, are located-i near the mouth of the river, 13 scattered along the west shore, and 1 on the east shore of the river between a point about 3,000 feet below the highway bridge at West- chester Avenue and the head of navigation; 1 has railroad connec- tions. One of the terminals, with available dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned; 7, with available dockage of 1,865 feet, are privately owned; and 7, with available dockage of 1,540 feet, are owned by cor- porations. Other details are as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 155 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. 4 with available dockage of 790 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 3 with available dockage of 795 feet consist of solid fill behind concrete bulkheads. 1 with available dockage of 400 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 4 with available dockage of 875 feet consist of solid fill behind dry rub- blestone bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 320 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind dry rubblestone bulkhead in rear. The terminal facilities are deemed inadequate; it is probable the additional facilities needed will be provided when the improvement contemplated under the existing project has progressed sufficiently to warrant a reasonable return upon the capital invested. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Bronx River lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-A reduction in the cost of transportation and an increase in the amount of water-borne commerce have resulted from the work accomplished under the project adopted June 3, 1896. As the result of work done under the existing project vessels with cargoes consigned to terminals below the Westchester Avenue Bridge are loaded to full capacity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract for dredging and rock removal below Westchester Avenue Bridge, in progress June 30, 1923, was completed October 13, 1923. This work resulted in extending the improvement up to about 430 feet below Westchester Avenue Bridge. Under a contract entered into December 21, 1923, for dredging and rock removal, work under which is still in progress, 3,800 feet in length of the channel previously dredged under the existing proj- ect, extending southward from the mouth of the river, has been restored to project dimensions and work of redredging the channel excavated under the previous project to restore it to the dimensions of that project was commenced on June 30, 1924. The expenditures during the year amounted to $99,821.06-$84,- 525.13 for new work and $15,295.93 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 56 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The channel provided for under the existing project has been excavated to project dimensions from deep water in the East River up to within about 430 feet of the bridge at Westchester Avenue, except at three points where uplands pro- ject slightly into channel limits; thence to the head of the projected improvement no work has been done. As shown by an examination of the channel made in June, 1923, the dredged channel has been nar- rowed by material entering it from side slopes (now being removed under a contract in force). The controlling depth from East River up to within 3,000 feet below Randall Avenue is 8 feet at mean low water; thence up to within 600 feet below Westchester Avenue the controlling depth is 71/ feet; thence to the gas works, 2.5 feet for 156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 widths varying from 30 to 50 feet; above this the depth gradually decreases up to just below the head of the projected improvement at and above which point the bottom of the river is exposed at low water. A section about 600 feet long excavated through uplands immediately below Westchester Avenue Bridge under previous con- tracts, and about to be excavated under a contract now in force, will not be available for navigation until the work of excavation has been completed up to the Westchester Avenue highway bridge. To com- plete the project requires extension of the improvement from about 430 feet below this bridge upstream to the head of the proposed im- provement by dredging and rock removal. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $554,368.99-$523,566.70 for new work and $30,802.29 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $298,173.96. With this it is proposed to prosecute work under a contract now in force, as follows: (a) Rock removal below the Westchester Avenue Bridge to complete project channel up to that bridge. (b) Dredging shoals that have formed below Westchester Avenue Bridge to maintain project depth. (c) Dredging shoals that have formed above Westchest Avenue Bridge to maintain project depth authorized in that section of the river under former project. The above work should be completed by November 1, 1925. No additional funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because it is uncertain when local interests will cede to the United States the right of way above the Westchester Avenue Bridge, necessary in order to permit of continuation of work in that section under the existing project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919------------....................--------980, 000 $2,181, 341 1922 ................-------------------- 342, 040 $1, 832, 774 1920 ................-------------------- 849,980 2,551,730 1923 ..-------------------- 750,752 6,622,140 417,853 1,914,161 1921--------------------....................... Passengers carried: None. The low tonnage for 1921 and 1922 as compared with the two previous years was due to the discontinuance of receipts of ashes for filling purposes. The increase in tonnage and value for 1923 is due mainly to an increase in tonnage of building material and coal. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual'limit of loaded Class of freight carried of total draft of tonnage vessels Feet Building material- ..... - - _ . --.. --. ---. ..--.------------- .--...-- 47. 3 1-10 Coal- ......_................ . _............. .. - -... ......... --- ..-.. 41. 9 5--10 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 157 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,126.36: New work ----------------------------------------- $592, 602. 42 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 57, 723. 62 Net total expended --------------------------------- 650, 326. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 948, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 Expended for maintenance 1- ----- - - $5, 392. 71 - - - $5, 251. 41 --.. - $197, 173. 64 23. 67 -..............-...... $97, 672. 93 201. 01 $84, 525. 13 15, 295. 93 Total expended 1--......... 5, 392 71 5, 251.41 197, 197. 31 97, 873. 94 99, 821.06 _.-----..-.----...-.-----.-...-----.322, 000.00 Appropriated or allotted.-.------ 50, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ ._ $347, 990. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923___- 50, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 4. 35 397, 995.02 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work---- ....- $84, 525. 13 For maintenance 5, 295. 93 1---------------------------- 99, 821.06 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------ 298, 173.96 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ -___--- -__ $23, 625.35 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 257, 439. 36 281, 064. 71 July 1, 1924, balance available------------ ------------------ 17, 109. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--___------ -------- 108, 300. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,962.87: New 'work ____ ___________ --___-- -- Maintenance --------------------------------------- _-_____ $1, 235, 334. 19 237, 969. 33 Net total expended______---- ----- 1,:473, 303. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report - -,1-------------- 819, 684. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1i..--- $6, 138. 75 $10, 898. 37 $197, 177. 94 $99,376.67 $119, 581. 87 Expended for maintenance 1 ..... 750. 92 6, 247. 94 1, 039. 06 2, 939. 01 109, 586. 46 Total expended 1......... 6, 889. 67 17, 146. 31 198, 217. 00 102, 315. 68 229, 168. 33 Appropriated or allotted------.......--- 2, 500. 00 .............. 60, 000. 00 367,:000. 00 124, 000. 00 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 158 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- $451, 538. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------ 109, 00. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ------------ 15, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------- 10. 00 575, 548.87 1 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work - ------------------------- $119, 581. 87 For maintenance------------------------ 109, 586. 46 229, 168. 33 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------346, 380. 54 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--------- ---- 26, 359. 76 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts 263, 763. 51 290, 123. 27 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------------------56, 257. 27 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 2768, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work 5, 500. 00 6------------------------------ For maintenance--------------------- 2 7, 500. 00 Total ----------------------------------------- 273, 000. 00 7. NEW ROCHELLE HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is situated in the north shore of Long Island Sound about 23 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and about 2 miles on southerly and westerly courses from Echo Bay Harbor. It lies about 1/ miles overland from the business center of New Rochelle, N. Y. The main entrance channel lies be- tween Davenport Neck and Glen Island. A second entrance channel lies between Glen Island and Hunters Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and interspersed with sunken reefs, which made it dangerous for navigation; the depth in the channel varied from 0 to 8 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Under this project a channel was excavated around the south end of Glen Island 8 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide, and about 1,600 feet long, connecting deep water between Glen Island and the mainland with deep water in Long Island Sound; a reef at the entrance was removed to a depth of 7.5 feet at mean low water, and Corning Rock, between Davids and Goose Islands, was removed to 12 feet depth at mean low water. This project was completed in 1890 at a cost of $43,174.79, all for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 120 feet wide and about 3,400 feet long, extending from the deep-water channel between Glen Island and Davenport Neck 2 xcl1usive of 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N, Y., DISTRICT 159 up to a point about 300 feet below a dam at the head of navigation in the vicinity of Leland Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet (estimated). Estimated cost for new work, made in 1921, $35,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated cost of an- nual maintenance, made in 1921, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 110, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds properly protected by bulk- heads or, in lieu thereof, to pay the additional cost of disposing of the material at an outside dumping ground. On November 20, 1923, the city of New Rochelle contributed the sum of $1,120 in full satis- faction of the latter proviso. Terminal facilities.-Waterterminals, eight in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,200 feet, are situated mainly along the shore be- tween the dam in New Rochelle Creek and the main entrance channel. The land approaches thereto are macadamized and in excellent con- dition. Of these terminals one is devoted solely to passenger traffic and two are devoted to passenger and freight traffic of Glen Island; one to Fort Slocum traffic; three to the handling of coal, lumber, and other bulk freight; and one, a public wharf, has not been used in recent years because of lack of water caused by shoaling. Like con- ditions, but to a less extent, exist at the other wharves, also at a shipbuilding yard where it is said vessels of substantial size were built when 8 feet and over was available at low tide. None of the terminals has rail connections. They are of open pile, stone, or stone and timber bulkhead construction. Two of the privately owned wharves, devoted to bulk freight, are open to the public on equal terms and the city authorities are prepared to repair the public wharf if more water is made available. Under present conditions as to depth of water available for commerce the terminal facilities are inadequate, but it is believed that upon the completion of the work proposed under the existing project and of the proposed repairs to the publicly owned wharf they will meet all present demands of commerce. New Rochelle Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority Decem- ber 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished under previous projects facilitated entrance to portions of the outer harbor. Ini- tial work of improvement under the existing project is now in progress. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under a contract for dredging entered into November 27, 1923, the channel provided for under the existing project has been practically completed; the con- tractor has been directed to remove a few minor shoals left during the dredging. The expenditures during the year amounted to $20,- 206.43 all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel provided for under the existing project has been completed to project dinmensions except 10710--EG 1924--11 160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIVY, 1924 where the required depth has not been secured over a few minor shoals soon to be removed. Due to material entering the channel from side slopes the project bottom width has been somewhat re- duced. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $20,204.43, all for new work. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $15,295.57. With this it is proposed to maintain the improve- ment by dredging in so far as may be necessary. No additional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, inasmuch as the available funds will care for any anticipated maintenance work. Conmmnercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1920 _ -_- .--------- - 80,720 $1,168,706 -__ 1921 114,305 598,899 60,000 1922 .. ........ ..---------------------------------------------------- 81,902 776,462 136,192 1923 .......---------------- 139,477 739,711 20,000 The comparatively high tonnage in 1921 and 1923 was due to large receipts of sand, crushed stone, and coal. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels loaded to the draft shown in the following table: Usual Per cent limitof Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of vessel Feet Building m aterial .---- -- - -- -- - -- -- -- - - - -- 64.9 6-8 Coal _._. _.-. . _ . .. . .._. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 6-8 Financialsummnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., anlounting to $2: New work $63, 379.22 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report- 78, 674. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1--- -- - -- $20, 206. 43 Expended for maintenance Appropriated or allotted...... ........ - - 35,500. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y.Y DISTRICT 161 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 ..... _ _ $35,500.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 2. 00 35, 502. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1__ 20. 206. 43 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended _--- 15, 295. 57 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ - $2, 178. 39 July 1., 1924. amount covered by uncompleted contracts 4, 969. 57 7. 147. 96 July 1, 1924, balance available- 8, 147. 61 8. HARBOR AT FLUSHING BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, within the limits of New York City, 12 miles by water northeast of the Battery. The bay, which is entered from East River, is 2 miles in length, and varies in width from 300 feet to 1.4 miles. Flushing Creek is a tidal stream, about 3 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction and empties into the head of Flushing Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-A channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 to 600 feet wide extended for a distance of 0.4 of a mile from deep water in East River. From the head of this channel south- ward to within 750 feet of the mouth of Flushing Creek a more or less uniform depth of 4.5 feet at mean low water existed throughout the bay; the depths in Flushing Creek varied from 0 to 5 feet and the widths varied from 40 to 300 feet. The head of navigation was and is about 6,000 feet south of the mouth of the creek. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, and was modified September 19, 1888, June 9, 1891, and March 2, 1907 (Annual Reports for 1889, p. 730; 1892, p. 723; 1907, p. 129). There was expended under this modified project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1914, $178,900; it is not possible to state what portion was for maintenance, but it has been estimated at $30,247.46, and for new work, $148,652.54. For further details of previous projects, see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 10-foot contour in the bay to the Broadway Bridge; thence 7 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing in width uniformly from 200 feet at the Broadway Bridge to 160 feet at Main Street Bridge; and for construction of about 1,500 linear feet of new dike, recon- struction of 1,600 linear feet of old dike, repair of 2,765 linear feet of old dike, and removal of 375 linear feet of old dike. The length of the section included in the present project is about 15,000 feet- about 5,000 feet in the creek and about 10,000 feet in the bay. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $235,700, exclusive of amounts expended un- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 162 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 der previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, in accordance with a report published in House Docu- ment No. 1333, Sixty-first Congress, third session. For latest pub- lished map, see Annual Report for 1914, page 1746. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 21, 1923, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the project for Flushing Bay and Creek be modified to provide for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 12-foot con- tour in East River to the Broadway Bridge, thence 12 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing in width uniformly from 200 feet at the Broadway Bridge to 160 feet at the Main Street Bridge, at an estimated cost of $253,000, with $10,000 annually for mainte- nance, provided that local interests will dredge and maintain at their own expense, under plans to be approved by the Secretary of War, a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 160 feet wide from Main Street Bridge to Meteor Street. (See H. Doc. No. 124, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) References to published articles not prev'ously reported.-See Queensborough, New York City, published by the Chamber of Com- merce of the borough of Queens, July-August, 1923. Local cooperation.-The project as adopted provides for the ces- sion free of cost to the United States of such lands as are required for a new channel, as provided in report printed in House Document No. 1333, Sixty-first Congress, third session, pages 14 and 17. The lands have been ceded to the United States and the deeds were ap- proved by the Attorney General November 10, 1923. During the fiscal year 191.6 the Degnon Realty & Terminal Im- provement Co., working on a private enterprise under a permit issued by this department, dredged the Government channel for a distance of 600 linear feet with a depth of 30 feet at mean love water, the dredged material being pumped on near-by marshes on the shore. About 500 feet of the channel was partially excavated along one side. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 17 in number, with avail- able dockage of 4,994 feet, are located--16 along the east shore and 1 on the west shore of the creek-between Main Street Bridge and College Point; 2 of these, with 650 feet of available dockage, have rail connection; 6 with available dockage of 2,119 feet, privately owned, and 3 with available dockage of 1,000 feet, corporately owned, are subject to public use under lease. Ten of the terminals, totaling 2,819 feet of available dockage, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All are of pile construction in good condition except 3, with 950 feet of available dockage, classed as in poor con- dition. Seven with available dockage of 1,625 feet are corporately owned; all others are privately owned. The highway connections range from unpaved driveways up to paved highways in good coi- dition. The terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong. 2d sess.) Flushing Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority Decem- ber 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 163 Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement a large portion of the traffic which was formerly limited to navigation at high-water periods has been enabled to make use of the channel below Main Street Bridge at any stage of tide, and vessels of deeper draft are now able to utilize the channels. Traffic through the draws of Main Street Bridge is limited in time to,high-water periods. This bridge is to be replaced by one that will meet the requirements of navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Title to the lands required in furtherance of the 'improvement has now been vested in the United States. Since the only bid received in response to advertisement of this work was rejected as excessive, provision has been made for prosecuting the work of dredging by the use of Government plant. The expenditures amounting to $219.06-$103.98 for new work and $115.08 for maintenance-were in payment of preliminary work, office expenses, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 35 per cent completed. The channel has been excavated to project dimensions from the 10-foot contour in the bay up to Broadway Bridge; no work has yet been done above the bridge. A total of 4,663 linear feet of pile and stone dike was constructed under the project of 1879, but a large portion of it has been carried away entirely and the remainder has greatly deteriorated. An examina- tion of the dredged channel below Broadway Bridge was made in 1919 and between Broadway and Main Street Bridges in May, 1922. These examinations showed that below Broadway Bridge the con- trolling depth was about 8 feet at mean low water near the inner end of the dike; elsewhere it was 10 feet, but for some distance below the bridge the channel had been narrowed considerably by material entering it from side slopes. Between Broadway and Main Street Bridges the controlling depth was 7 feet through a winding channel of insufficient width for safe navigation. To complete the project some dike work is needed and all the dredging between Broadway and Main Street Bridges. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $71,719.23-$60,496.07 for new work and $11,223.16 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $59,269.44. With this it is proposed to operate the pipe-line dredge Clinton for a period of three months in extending the channel up to the head of the projected improvement at Main Street Bridge. With the balance remaining after the completion of the above work, or so much thereof as may be necessary, it is proposed to remove shoals which have formed in the channel between East River and Broadway Bridge, the work to be done by the use of dredge Clinton, if convenient disposal grounds can be secured; otherwise the work will be done under contract. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as the available balance will care for any shoaling that may occur. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal ashes, and cellar dirt. All traffic passes through the improved channel. 164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 . 1, 413, 466 $1, 140, 393 1922_______________________. 1, 231, 034 $2,176, 692 1920 . 1, 613, 560 1, 468,151 1923 _______________ ________ 1, 982, 781 4, 529, 743 1921 -------------- 1, 456, 888 2, 056, 088 The increase in the value of the tonnage of 1923 as compared with the previous year, is due to the handling of larger quantities of com- modities of high value. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Per cent Class of freight carried of total draft of Class of freight carried of total of loaded draft of tonnage vessels tonnage vessels Feet Feet Building material _._ - 16. 5 6-12 Ashes and cellar dirt . .. 73. 7 5-10 Coal_______________ ______ 7.9 6-10 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $51.15: New work-- 148. 61 $-------------------- Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 41, 470. 62 Net total expended ----------------- _-____ _ _ 250, 619. 23 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 309, 888. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 - $1, 176. 02 $153. 58 $103. 98 Expended for maintenance 1 - $78. 51 $1, 299.28 1, 474. 70 1, 553. 23 115. 08 Total expended 1------. 78. 51 1, 299. 28 2, 650. 72 1, 706. 81 219. 06 Appropriated or allotted .....----- - July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------------------------- $59, 484. 90 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 3. 60 59, 488. 50 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work_------------------------------ $103. 98 For maintenance------------------------------ 115. 08 219. 06 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------- 59, 269. 44 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 9. 94 6------------------------ July 1, 1924, balance available___---------- -- ____--____ 59, 199. 50 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- ---------- 116, 000. 00 1 Not dedu~ting receipts from sales, etc. 2 E'xclusive ofE availale funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 165 9. HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indent'ation of the north shore of Long Island, 25 miles by water northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 13 miles southwest of Stamford Harbor, Conn. The harbor is divided by a narrow neck of sand, Bar Beach, into an outer harbor 3 miles long, and Varying in width from 2 miles at the outer end to half a mile at the inner end, and an inner harbor one-half mile wide and 2 miles long. The section under improve- ment by the United States lies entirely within the inner harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A channel 90 to 350 feet wide 'and 6 feet deep at mean low water extended from the outer harbor about a mile up the inner harbor to a point opposite Ward's wharf. Thence the depth gradually diminished to zero at the Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of 0.6 mile; thence to the he'ad of navigation at the dam at Hicks mill, in the village of Roslyn, the bottom was exposed at low water. At high water boats of shallow draft carried lumber and coal to within a short distance of the Hicks milldam. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at melan low water and 100 feet wide from the entrance to a point opposite Ward's wharf, a distance of about 5,600 feet; thence 80 feet wide to the Rosyln Town Wharf, a distance of about 3,200 feet; and thence 50 to 70 feet wide to the head of n'avigation, a dis- tance of about 1,700 feet. Total length of channel included in the project is 2 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $47,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project w'as adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Con. Doc. No. 1, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local, cooperation.-The river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and February 27, 1911, required that a suitable dumping ground for the material dredged be furnished by local interests free of cost. The required disposal areas were furnished. The town of North Hempste'ad reconstructed the Roslyn Town Wharf and erected an additional public wharf at the head of navigation at a cost of $2,970.48, and expended $9,100 in the construction of sod-retaining bulkheads for the excavated materials, making a total of $12,070.48. The funds were derived from loc'al taxation. The village of Roslyn converted a part of the disposal area into a public park. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with available dockage of 2,700 feet, are located-8 along the east shore of the harbor from Glen Cove to Roslyn and 1 on the west shore; none has railroad connection. Five, with available dockage of 900 feet, are open to the public, and 3, with available dockage of 1,400 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargo. Two 'are owned by the town, 6 are privately owned, and ' is corporately owned. Six have macadam highway connection; the remaining 3 have connec- tions in fair tol good condition, but not p'aved. All are either of open pile or of timber and pile bulkhead construction. The 166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERSS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 facilities are adequate for existing commerce, which is local, and there is ample water front, both public and private, for extensions as needs arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No reduction in freight rates 'as a result of the improvement has been reported, but local interests state that facilities for receiving coal, building and road materials, etc., have been greatly improved. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; dredging for maintenance was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amount- ing to $89.23, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. No work of maintenance dredging has been done since 1916. The controlling depth at mean low water, as determined by sound- ings taken in June, 1920, was 4.5 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $51,499.32, $39,468.11 for new work and $12,031.21 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $0.68. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as it is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of 1923 consisted mainly of sand and gravel shipped to New York from screening and washing plants on the west side of the harbor, building material, coal, and ashes. These are typical of preceding years and all have been bene- fited by the improvement, but the main tonnage, sand and gravel, does not have to pass through the inner part of the dredged channel, which has cost more than the outer part. (Comparativestatement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919______________________ 2, 072, 685 $3, 048, 314 1922 .. . 3,975,518 $4,838,110 1920__________________ _ 2, 768, 211 3, 497, 364 1923 - _ _ 6, 245, 286 8, 465, 881 1921_________ ____________ 2, 503, 786 3, 036, 327 Passengers carried: None. The increase in the volume of tonnage in 1922 and again in 1923, as compared with previous years, is due to the increased amount of sand shipped during these years. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given- in the following table: er cent Usual limi Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total draft of Class of freight carried of total odraft of tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Building material _. . 1. 5 4- 7 Coal .. . .. . ... 1. 3 4-8 Sand and gravel__-. 90. 6 4-10 ..--... Ashes----- -2. 5 2-8 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 167 Financialsiumntary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.22: New work -_ $39, 468. 11 Maintenance ______________________________12, 031. 21 Net total expended 51, 499. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report 51, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work...- . Expended for maintenance 1 $55. 26 $24.02 $34. 96 $89.60 $89.23 Appropriated or allotted - ------. --I_- _ _- - -- --------- I-- - - 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- $89. 91 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 89. 23 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended . 68 10. HUITNTINGTON I-IARBI.OR, N. Y. Location and description.--This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, 40 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 8 miles southeast of Stamford Harbor, Conn. Huntington Harbor is a landlocked arm of Huntington Bay, about 2 miles long, with widths varying from 300 to 2,000 feet. The section under improvement extends from near Ketchams Dock, in Huntington Harbor, to the Old Town Dock at Halesite, N. Y., a distance of about 2,400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geiodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-The harbor varied in width from 300 to 1,500 feet and in depth from 0 to 19 feet at mean low water. A channel having a least depth of 8 feet, and varying in width from 150 to 1,300 feet, existed from Huntington Bay southward for a. distance of about 1.5 miles. South of this point no channel existed, and depths decreased rapidly to, Halesite, a distance of about 0.4 mile. Much of the bottom was exposed at low water. The, head of naviga- tion, marked by a dam and causeway, situated about 1,000 feet above Halesite, could be reached only by rowboats at high tide. A bar 3 feet below mean low water ,obstructed the entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. It was completed in 1873 at a cost of $22,500. The records do not permit separating maintenance ex- penditures from the total. For further details of previous projects see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 8-foot contour in Huntington Bay about 1,100 feet north of Sands Point on Eatons Neck to the Old Town Dock, with a turning basin 200 feet wide and with a protecting dike on the west side if necessary. The length of the section included in the project is about 9,100 feet. Mean 10710--ENG 1924----12 168 REPORT AOF CHIEF OF ENGIlEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tidal range, 7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.7 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1885, is $32,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 200, 48th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No,. 827, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None required by law. Dumping grounds for materials dredged during the fiscal year 1916 were furnished by private persons and local interests, free of cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,172 feet, are located-two at the head of naviga- tion and four scattered along the east shore of the harbor within the limits of the improved channel. None has railroad connection. Three with available dockage of 640 feet are privately owned, two with available dockage, of 457 feet are, corporately owned, and one with available dockage of 75 feet is owned by a yacht club. One with available, dockage of 150 feet is open to, the public, and two with available dockage of 650 feet can be used by permission of the owner. Three with available dockage of 957 feet have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a stone bulkhead. 2 with available dockage of 215 feet consist of open-pile construction with concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 307 feet is an open-pile wharf. 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a concrete bulkhead with fender piles. 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a pile bulkhead with solid fill in rear. Approaches to terminals are by country roads, generally well kept and in good condition. The town of Huntington owns the greater part of the water front, and several of the private terminals are built on lands leased from the town. These terminals are sufficient for the commerce of the harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened possibil- ities for commerce that could not have existed otherwise. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations prosecuted by the use of Government plant resulted in the restera- tion of the channel and turning basin to project dimensions. The expenditures amounting to $499.15, were in part payment of the above work, and of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1904. A channel 200 feet wide was dredged in lieu of the projected channel 100 feet wide to be protected by a pile dike. The dike was never built, the purpose for which it was intended having been ac- complished by dredging to the greater width. The turning basin at the Old Town Dock was made 230 feet wide. The completion of the dredging in 1924 resulted in restoring the channel and turning RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 169 basin to project dimensions, by the removal of all shoal areas. The total expenditures under the existing project amount to $53,915.09- $29,489.06 for new work and $24,426.03 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $14,001.10. With this it is proposed to continue operations with pipe-line dredge Clinton until about July 15, 1924, in completing the removal of shoals that have developed in the upper part of the harbor and concerning which there have been repeated complaints. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because it is not anticipated that any maintenance work will be necessary during that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Practically the whole of the commerce of the harbor passes through the improved channel. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919.............. _ _ 20, 462 $139,757 1922--------------------- 27,215 $198,504 1920...................... 30, 996 193, 300 1923 ....--------------------- 67, 500 454,297 -------------------- 1921.................. 43,912 224,568 Passengers carried: None. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usua- lipit Class of freight carried total draft of tonnage vessel Feet Building material ... -------------------------------------------------- 67. 3 6-8 Coal ....-------------------------------------------------------------- 22. 4 4-8 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.05: New work ----------------- $51, 989. 06 Maintenance -------------- 24, 426. 03 Net total expended_ 76,415. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report---- 90, 416. 19 Expended for new work-------- Expended for maintenance 130 92 -------- 1 ___________$499.15 ---- -- Appropriated or allotted ..____--- ---- 14, 500.00 1Not deducting receipts 'from sales, etc. 170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923----- _______ - $14, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ... 25 14,500. 25 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 499. 15 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------- --------....... 14, 001. 10 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ 6. 509. 17 July 1, 1924, balance available 7.431. 93 11. PORT JEFFERSON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description. This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 56 miles by water east of the, Battery, New York City, and 13.5 miles southeast of Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. It is about 1.75 miles long and averages 0.75 mile wide. The entrance is protected by jetties, one on either side of the channel, which latter is about 0.5 mile long and 200 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-In its original condition the depth low water over the outer bar was 4 to 5 feet. From the outer bar to mean .at the harbor proper, depths of 6 feet or more existed at mean low water, with widths of 125 to 300 feet. In the harbor proper, depths of 12 feet or more were found as far south as the village of Port Jefferson, about 2 miles from the entrance. The head of navigation was and is at the village. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and was modified in 1875 and 1877. The amount expendeid, on this modified project prior to the com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1891 was $80,200. Funds spent for improvement can not be accurately separated from those for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the entrance 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for repairing and enlarging two riprap jetties built under the previous project, and for extending the east jetty to the 21-foot curve. The length of channel included in the project 'is about 2,600 feet, the length of the west jetty is 940 feet, and the projected length of the east jetty about 1,900 feet. Mean tidal range at entrance channel, 6.2 feet, and at Port Jefferson, 6.4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 7.3 feet and 7.5 feet, respectively; extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet (estimated). The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $145,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a channel 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide; the act of August 18, 1894, provided i for a channel " 12 feet in depth at mean low water in Port Jefferson Inlet and Harbor." (Annual Report for 1889, p. 751.) For latest published map see page 866 of Annual Report, 1903. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local co operatio'.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 171 Terminal facilities.-Watertermin!als, three in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,625 feet, are located at and near the head of navi- gation. One, in fair condition, with available dockage of 250 feet, is privately owned, and two, in good condition, with available dockage of 1,375 feet, are corporately owned. Two, with available dockage of 875 feet, are open to the public, and one, with available dockage of 250 feet, has mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. None has rail connection. All are of open pile construction. The terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Boats which now make regular trips to, and from the harbor at all stages of the tide would under former conditions have been forced to wait for high tides before entering or le,aving. On the north shore of Long Island, between Huntington: Harbor and Plum Gut, Port Jefferson is the only harbor having a. depth of more than 7 feet at mean low water. It is used as a harbor of refuge by a few vessels, but the actual number can not be ascer- tained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was not necessary. The expenditures, amounting to, $33.48, were in payment of the cost of an examination of the chan- nel by sounding office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.The project is 67 per cent com- pleted. The channel, completed in 1903, has been deepened from an original depth of 4 feet to a depth of 12 feet at mean low water and width of over 200 feet. The east jetty has been built to about four- fifths its projected length and the west jetty to full length but in- complete width and height; these jetties have aided m'aterially ins maintaining the required width and depth of the dredged channel lying between them. No work of improvement or maintenance has been prosecuted since 1909. The controlling depth as determined' by soundings taken in June, 1924, was 12 feet at, mean low water. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in completing the jetties to project dimensions. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $99,752.57-$91,226.71 for new work and $8,525.86 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924,, was $99.58. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. The channel appears to meet all demands of navigation and to be self-maintaining. No additional funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commnercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of fruits and vegetables and sand and gravel. All commerce passes through the improved channel. Comparative statement Calendar year Sh ort tons Value Passengers 1919 __ __ _ - 12, 490 $985, 349 44, 040 1920 59, 386 286, 033 62, 726 1921 ..... . 152, 839 2, 998, 208 54,743 1922 ...... . 187, 658 754, 592 54,387 1923 - - 320, 202 759, 712 56, 635 172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Regular trips are made by steamers carrying freight, passengers, and vehicles between Port Jefferson, N. Y., and Bridgeport, Conn. This steamer carried passengers and 5,412 automobiles during the year. The new ferry which operated between Port Jefferson and Bridge- port during the year 1920 has been discontinued. A large number of pleasure boats are stored in the harbor during the winter months, and many small fishing craft use the harbor the year round. The decrease in value of tonnage in 1920 as compared with pre- vious years is due to the low grade of material which comprised the greater part of the tonnage for the year. Building sand is excavated with a dredge in the harbor near the entrance channel. The large increase of tonnage in 1921, in 1922, and in 1923 is due to the large amount of sand dredged. The decrease in the value of the tonnage of 1922 and 1923 is due to the fact that automobiles carried on the Bridgeport-Port Jefferson steamers formerly classed as tonnage and given a value are now shown with passengers carried. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: of Usual limit cent of Per cent Per Class of freight carried total draftofd tonnage vessel Feet Fruits and vegetables ......... -... . . 0. 8 10 Sand and gravel_ ------------------ 98. 8 6-8 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4.20: New work --------------------------------- $171, 426. 71 Maintenance----------------------------------------_ 8, 525. 86 Net total expended --------------------------------- 179, 952. 57 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- _ 180, 052. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -- Expended for maintenance 1 - - $27. 78 $99. 07 $144. 83 $95. 26 $33. 48 Appropriated or allotted... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____________________________ $133. 06 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 33. 48 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ ---------- 99. 58 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ . 53, 600. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, et~c. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 173 12. MATTITUCK HARBOR. N. Y. Location and description.-This is a tidal inlet on the north shore of Long Island 85 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and 24 miles southeast of New Haven Harbor, Conn., extending southward about 21/ miles to the village of Mattituck. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--In its natural condition a channel with shift- ing entrance and varying in width from 80 to 240 feet and in depth from 0 to 12 feet at mean low water existed from Long Island Sound to a tide milldam with gates about 1 mile south of the mouth of the inlet. The head of navigation was and is at the village of Mattituck. Above the milldam the elevation of water surface depended on the operation of the sluice gates; when the gates were closed the con- trolling high-water depth was about 5 feet. If the dam were re- moved, this depth would be reduced a foot or more. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Long Island Sound to the milldam (removed in 1913 and replaced by a bridge with a draw span) and 7 feet deep at mean high water from the milldam to the village, with two riprap jetties at the entrance, providing a width of 100 feet there and 80 feet thence to the village, a total length of about 11,500 feet. Mean tidal range at entrance 4.8 feet and about 3.5 feet at Mattituck; mean range of spring tides at entrance 5.3 feet; extreme range of storm tides about 9 feet (estimated). The latest (1911) approved estimate of cost for new work, including the cost of maintenance up to June 30, 1909, was $176,700. (See Annual Report for 1909, pp. 133-134; also An- nual Report for 1911, p. 195.) The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 843). No map of the harbor is printed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided: That no part of this appropriation shall be expended for ihe improvement of the harbor at Mattituck above the milldam until the local authorities shall have replaced the existing dam and bridge by a bridge with suitable draw spans. The dam and old bridge have been removed and a bridge with a draw span was installed and approved April 21, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There is one small landing, with 150 feet of available dockage, open to general use, and several private trestles at which landings are made. The landing is of light construction, being built of stakes; it is removed each year about November 1 and rebuilt about April 1. The commerce is of such a light nature that much of it can be handled from small boats run up on the shore. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The channel south of the draw span is not of sufficient depth to permit the carrying of freight in large quanti- ties to the village, and freight rates have not been affected. Local interests have in view the construction of a bulkhead along prac- 174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tically the whole length of the west bank between the west jetty and the bridge at Waterville; about 1,300 feet in length extending north- ward from the bridge has already been built. Oyster dredges and_ other small craft use the harbor north of the draw span, and it is also used as a harbor of refuge by a limited number of vessels. Operations and resu ts during fiscal year.-Dredging operations were prosecuted by the use of Government plant from August 13 to September 20, 1923, resulting in restoring the channel to project dimensions from Long Island Sound to the Highway bridge at Waterville. Examination having shown that the entrance channel shoals quite rapidly, owing, it is believed, to the deposition of sand blown from the adjacent beaches over the west jetty, a board fence, 750 feet long and 6 feet high, was erected along the westerly side of this jetty with the view of preventing this continuous shoaling. The expenditures during the year amounted to $22,856.77; all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 83 per cent com- pleted. The channel was completed by dredging in 1914; no work has been done on the jetties since that year. The completion of dredging on September 20, 1923 provided a channel of project dimen- sions from Long Island Sound through the entrance channel be- tween jetties up to the bridge at the old milldam at Waterville; above this bridge to Mattituck there was, when examined in 1916, a depth of about 21/2 feet. The work remaining to be done to conm- plete the project consists in extending the jetties to the contour of 9 feet mean low-water depth in the Sound. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $153,646.17-$94,956.40 for new work and $58,689.77 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $3.83. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because, so far as can now be foreseen, it does not seem probable that any work of maintenance will be necessary in that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted of oyster seed and vegetables. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 ___ 1, 177 $6, 850 1922_ 2, 202 $52,511 1920 1, 460 39, 700 1923 8, 091 533, 818 1921 1,324 066 44, Passengers carried: None. The increase in tonnage and value in 1923 as compared with pre- vious years is due to the increase in the amount of vegetables han- died. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 175 Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total odraftofed tonnage vessels Feet O yster seed ---- --- ---- --- ---- --- --- ---- --- - 0. 1 5% Vegetables ._ --------------------------- 99. 9 3/2-5% Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.24: New work_--------------------- - - --- $94, 956. 40 Maintenance -- 58, 689. 77 Net total expended- 153, 646. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 153, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 I 1924 Expended for new work -- ---- ----------- ---- -------- Expended for maintenance 1 -- $248. 00 $755.03 $7, 130. 59 Appropriated or allotted .-.. 10, 000. 00 8, 900.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- $13, 960. 60 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 -___-- 8, 900. 00 22, 860. 60 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance ------- --------------- 22, 856. 77 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 3. 83 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ 2 81, 800. 00 13. GREAT SOUTH BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-Thisis a lagoon inside the south shore line of Long Island, N. Y., about 26 miles long and 2 to 6 miles wide. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow sand beach. The section under improvement lies between Fire Island Inlet, about 38 miles east of the entrance to New York Harbor, and the head of navigation in Patchogue River, at Patchogue, N. Y., about 60 miles east of New York City. Patchogue River is tidal and extends north from Great South Bay to a point 2 miles north of Patchogue. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.- The section covered by the project was a series of natural channels with depths varying from 10 to 20 feet and shoals with depths varying from 7.5 to 10 feet at mean low water, the distance from Fire Island Inlet to the mouth of Patchogue River being 16 miles. The river varied in width from 160 to 500 feet, with depths at mean low water varying from 0 to 8 feet. The 1 Not, deducting receipts from sales, etc. E~clusive of available! funds. 176 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 head of navigation was and is at Division Street, Patchogue, about 0.75 thiles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was completed in 1902 at a cost of $40,000. The records do not show how much of this was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1773 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Fire Island Inlet to the central basin in Great South Bay and a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the central basin in the bay to the head of navi- gation in Patchogue River. The length of section included in the project is about 17 miles. Mean tidal range, 1 foot; mean range of spring tides, 1.1 feet; extreme range of storm tides, probably 3 to 4 feet; all tides are greatly affected by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $66,000, exclu- sive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 103, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see page 2018 of Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1893 local parties dredged a small channel near the mouth of the river east of that dredged by the United States, and when the middle ground was re- moved the width was increased to about 150 feet, leaving a small area for anchorage purposes. During the fiscal year 1913 local resi- dents furnished, free of cost to the United States, areas suitable for the disposal of dredged materials. The owner of the shore front abutting the sand spit forming part of the east jetty, as constructed, is to do certain maintenance work on the structure in return for a revocable permit to occupy it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, seven in number, with avail- able dockage of 4,100 feet, are scattered along the shore of Patchogue River between its mouth and the head of the projected improvement, one on the east bank and six on the west bank. Three in good condi- tion, with available dockage of 700 feet, are publicly owned; three in good condition, with available dockage of 3,100 feet, are privately owned; and one in fair condition, with available dockage of 300 feet, is privately owned. All are open to the public. One, with available dockage of 2,000 feet, has rail connection. Two, with available dock- age of 2,300 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All bulkheads are of sheet-pile construction with earth filling. One of the terminals is provided with a slip. These facilities are ade- quate for the water-borne commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as can be ascertained, freight rates have not been materially affected, but shipyards and other local in- dustries have been made accessible to vessels and lighters of shallow draft, and Patchogue River is used to a considerable extent for win- ter storage of various craft. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST' NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 177 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging for mainte- nance was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amounting to $56.28, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertain- ing to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 60 per cent com- pleted. The channel in Patchogue River was completed in 1904. Of the projected channels through three bars in the bay, only the easterly one, "Bar C," was dredged; it is reported as practically obliterated. Due to changes in Fire Island Inlet, deepening of the remaining two bars and the maintenance of the channel through " Bar C " are not now required. The west jetty, 1,700 feet long, was completed in 1914. A jetty, formed of a sand spit 1,000 feet long, with a riprap extension 330 feet long, was completed in 1917. When examined in June, 1920, the channel in Patchogue River was in fair condition, with a controlling depth of 7 feet at mean low water. The west jetty appeared to serve the purpose for which it was in- tended and the east jetty was in serviceable condition. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $132,531.96- $59,820.82 for new work and $72,711.14 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $468.04. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as no maintenance operations beyond what can be cared for by available funds are likely to be necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal and oysters and clams. All of the commerce of Patchogue River is benefited by the improve- ment, as it all uses the dredged channel. Conmparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919_--------------------- 16,279 $137,064 1922 --------------------- 41,826 $1,270,143 1920--------------------- 11, 312 259, 729 1923 ......-------------------- 35, 018 648, 609 1921 --------------------- 14, 259 436, 326 The increase in the volume of tonnage for 1922 and 1923 as com- pared with previous years is due mainly to the increased quantity of oysters handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total of loaded Class of freight carried of total of loaded tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Building material .....__ _ 74. 4 5%-7 Oysters and clams - _ 13. 4 2%-8 Coal..---------------------- 9.6 4%-7 178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVIY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $184.42: New work-----------------------------------------------_ $99, 820. 82 Maintenance ---------------------------- 72, 711. 14 Net total expended --------------------------------- 172, 531. 96 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 173, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1_-___- _ $158. 22 $124. 34 $81.45 $56. 28 Appropriated or allotted .- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------- -- $524. 07 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 25 .------------- 1 524. 32 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance - 56. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------------- 468. 0 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 40. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available _-------------------------- -- 428. 0-1 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _ _ ________ 5, 700. 00 14. BROWNS CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.--This is a narrow, crooked tidal stream flowing south and emptying into Great South Bay, Long Island. near Sayville, N. Y., 12.5 miles northeast of Fire Island Inlet and 55 miles east of New York City. It has its source in two small lakes 1.5 miles north of Great South Bay. The length of the creek is 1.8 miles, the width varying from 75 to 200 feet. The drainage area is 12 square miles. Ordinarily only a very small quantity of fresh water finds its outlet through this stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A channel varying in width from 20 to 200 feet and in depth from 0.4 of a foot to 4 feet at mean low water existed from Great South Bay to the Sayville Highway Bridge, a distance of about 1 mile. The head of navigation was and is at the bridge. Previous.projects.-N~one. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in Great South Bay for a distance of 1,850 feet, and thence, with same width, 4 feet deep to the head of navigation; also for two stone jet.ties to protect the entrance, the east jetty to be 1,400 feet long and the west jetty 1,600 feet long. The total length of channel under improvement is about 6,500 feet. Mean tidal range, 1 foot; mean range of spring I Not deducting 1eeceits from i les, etc. 2 Excl1usive o~f available funds.. RIVERS AND HARBORS--:FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 179 tides, 1.1 feet; extreme range of storm tides, probably 3 to 4 feet. All tides are greatly affected by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $46,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 22, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 991, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1912 a local com- mercial organization at Sayville, N. Y., had the dredged channel extended northward about 1,800 feet by excavating to a depth of 4 feet at mean low water and width of 100 feet, at a cost of $2,000; the amount was raised by popular subscription. Disposal areas for dredged materials have from time to time been provided without cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 7 in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,450 feet, are scattered along the shore of the creek between its mouth and the head of the improved channel, 6 on the west bank and 1 on the east bank. Three with available dockage of 500 feet are publicly owned; all others are privately owned. All are open to the public. None has rail connection. There are other private landings of temporary construction, and part of the tonnage is unloaded from boats direct to the shore. The facilities are ade- quate for the amount and kind of commerce involved. (For de- scription of five of these terminals see H. Doe. 652, 66th Cong.. 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--There has been no appreciable effect on freight rates. The creek now serves as a harbor of refuge and as winter quarters for the numerous oyster and fishing boats which work in that vicinity. Operations and results durqng fiscal year.--None; there were no funds available. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The dredging is 70 per cent com- pleted and the jetties 33 per cent, making about 50 per cent com- pletion of the project. No field work of improvement or mainte- nance has been done since 1917. The channel has been dredged 100 feet wide for a length of about 3,200 feet, 1,850 feet of which length, beginning at the original 6-foot contour in the bay and extending inland 400 feet from the original shore line of the bay, was dredged to a depth of 6 feet at mean low water; thence upstream the re- maining 1,350 feet in length was dredged to a depth of 4 feet. The west jetty was built to a length of 492 feet and the east jetty to a length of 438 feet; both were built to a height of 1 foot above high water with tops 3 feet wide; they are in bad condition and covered by accretions at their shore ends. In the annual report for 1907, page 136, it was recommended that future appropriations be made for maintenance only. The controlling depth, as shown by sound- ings taken in May, 1921, is 3 feet at mean low water in the entrance and above the entrance 4 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $51,000-$25,000 for new work and $26,000 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--There were no available funds on June 30, 1924. 180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The amount of commerce using these waters does not appear to warrant immediate expenditure either for new work or maintenance. No funds can therefore be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted of fish and oysters and clams. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919---------------------- 8, 231 $98,290 1922...... 731 $10, 351 1920------------ 7, 332 165,354 1923 .--.......... . 200 13,302 1921------------ 8, 761 319, 024 The decrease in tonnage for 1922, as compared with previous years, was due to the small amount of oysters and clams handled. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels having a loaded draft of 3 to 51/2 feet. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.38: New work ------------------------------------------------- $25, 000 Maintenance----------------------------- 26, 000 Net total expended -------------------------------- 51, 000 Total appropriations to date of this report_- 51, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 I 1924 Expended for new work Expended for naintenance ---------- -------- ----- -- Appropriated or allotted ...........-- -------....-..-.- 15. JAMAICA BAY, N. Y. Location and description. This is an indentation in the south shore of Long Island, the entrance being about 8 miles east of the Narrows, New York Harbor. It includes a total area of about 181/2 square miles and is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Rockaway Beach. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Or'iginal condition.-The dimensions of the channels in use were (depths being below mean low water) : Two entrance channels, one from the sea about 8,000 feet long, 800 feet wide, and 10 to 14 feet minimum depth, subject to frequent changes, and the other from New York Harbor via Coney Island Channel, about 12,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 10 feet deep; interior channels of ample width and depth near the entrance, decreasing to less than 3 feet depth and 200 feet' width at the heads of navigation, distant, respectively, 6 and 10 miles from the entrance. There were several minor chan- nels in the bay used by small fishing boats at high tide. Previous projects.-There was no previous project for improving Jamaica Bay as a whole. The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, provided for a channel 100 to 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 181 low water to connect the Canarsie landings with Big Channel in Jamaica Bay, dikes to be built on either side of the dredged chan- nel. Modifications in 1889 and 1896 provided for an extension of this channel along the Canarsie water front southwestwardly 1,800 feet, the depth of this extension to be 5 feet and width of 50 feet. When work was commenced in 1912 under the existing project, the improvement of Canarsie Bay as a separate work was abandoned. There had been expended thereunder $72,833.81-$69,872.36 for new work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for the excavation of a channel 60 feet wide and 5 feet deep from the entrance to Bass Channel to Bayswater Avenue, Far Rockaway. This channel was completed in 1893 at a cost of $9,460. The total expenditures under previous projects, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1912, amounted to $82,293.81-$79,332.36 for new work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1770 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This is a cooperative project for making a gen- eral harbor in Jamaica Bay. It provides for making and maintain- ing an entrance channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,500 feet wide, with widening at bends; a main channel extending from the entrance channel up to the mouth of Cornells Creek, to be 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide, with widening at bends; and for the protection of the entrance channel by one or two riprap jetties, as may be necessary. The prosecution of work to be done at the expense of the United States is to be subject to the conditions specified under Local cooperation. Length of section included in the project, 13 miles. Mean range of tides, 4.5 feet; spring tides, 5.5 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to winds and barometric pressure, about 3 feet below mean low water and 3 feet above mean high water at the entrance; inside the bay, probably somewhat less, but observations are insufficient for determination. Estimated cost to the United States for new work, made in 1919, $11,806,000. Estimated cost of annual maintenance work in the en- trance channel, made in 1919, $260,000 (H. Coin. Doc. No. 4, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the amount required for maintaining the main channel can be determined only from experience. The existing project, as printed in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, was adopted in part by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. By river and harbor act of Septem- ber 22, 1922, the project as printed in the said document was adopted as a whole. The latest published map isgin the project document. Recommended modifications of project. Under date of December 6, 1923, the Chief of Engineers recommended that a channel be pro- vided extending from Jamaica Bay to Gravesend Bay, N. Y., having a depth of 15 feet at mean low tide and a width of 250 feet where a right of way has to be acquired and 400 feet elsewhere, at an estimated cost of $2,000,000 with $30,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation (see H. Doc. No. 111, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). References to published articles not previously reported. See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, p. 189 of this report; also, Dredging Engineering, January, 1924. Local cooperation.-In adopting the enlarged project the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provided that any funds hereto- 182 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 fore or hereafter appropriated for this improvement may be ap- plied to providing the channels specified in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water whenever and to, such extent as the city of New York shall construct or provide for the construction of terminals with facilisties suitable to channels of that depth. It- also 'provided that the city of New York may be reimbursed for dredging and disposing of the material dredged in the main interior channel at actual cost, which shall not exceed a rate of 10 cents per cubic yard, including any cost of inspection borne by the United States, such reimbursement to include overdepth allowance not exceeding 1 foot. To meet these conditions the city of New York has authorized the issue of a total of $2,945,000 of corporate stock and has proceeded as follows in connection therewith: (a) Acquired from the State of New York the greater part of all submerged lands, hassocks, and hammocks in Jamaica Bay; the lesser part had previously been disposed of by the State of New York to other interests. (b) Acquired lands aggregating 1,100 acres in the Barren Island-Mill Basin section lying on the east side ofFlatbush Avenue extended up to the harbor lines between Barren Island and Mill Basin. Title vested in the city of New York, 'March 28, 1924. (c) Acquired title, January 2, 1923, to lands necessary for the extension of Platbush Avenue between Avenue "U" and Jamaica Bay. Contract for the filling in of this portion of Flatbush Avenue and the grading of the road- way has been awarded by the Borough President of Brooklyn. (d) Dredged the main interior channel from deep water at Barren Island up to Paerdegat Basin, a distance of about 12,300 feet, 500 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water. Prepared plans for the building of a dock terminal on the Jamaica Bay side, immediately south of Mill Basin, and also for a terminal at Rockaway Parkway, Canarsie. (e) Completed bulkheading in Mill Basin and dredging to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water on May 19, 1923. (f) Title to the property known as Bushes Meadows, between Mill Basin and Bergen Beach, was vested in the city June 1, 1923. Title to the property lying between Paerdegat Basin and Canarsie Beach Park, outshore of Seaview Avenue, was vested in the city March 28, 1924. Maps have been prepared and authorization is about to be obtained from the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment towards acquiring title for the property necessary to complete the dredging of the main channel, and the placing of the dredged material upon the marginal street area between Canarsie Beach Park and the Long Island Railroad crossing. (g) Undertaking in connection with (f) the building of a dock terminal at or adjacent to Spring Creek Basin, or as near thereto as will be practicable to use in connection with an 18-foot channel proposed to be dredged from Mill Basin along the front of property to be acquired as in (f), consideration being given to the amount of funds available under Federal appropriation. Terminal facilities.-Besides the landings at Barren Island, Ca- narsie, and other points built before the improvement was begun and little affected by it, 2,630 feet of bulkhead made by the city in Mill Creek Basin are partly used; the whole of this bulkhead will be used when the contemplated land approaches have been provided. The existing facilities are fairly adequate for the existing commerce, but 'are wholly inadequate for the commerce anticipated and for which the project was adopted. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Jamaica Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has made the channel available for and it is now used by vessels of deeper draft, RIVERS AND HIARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 183 but no marked benefit to commerce can be expected until suitable terminals with satisfactory land 'approaches have been provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under a contr'act entered into by the city of New York with The Arundel Corp. for excavating a channel 500 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water, extending northward from Mill Basin up to Paerdegat Basin, was commenced August 4, 1923 and completed February 23, 1924. This work has resutlted in increasing the length of the channel by 3,500 feet, making the total length of completed main channel of the above dimensions 12,300 feet. There was removed a total of 1,491,749 cubic yards, place measurement, of material. At the con- tract price of $0.0919 per cubic yard the cost of this work 'amounted to $137,091.73; the city of New York was reimbursed by the United States in this amount (see under Local cooperation, preceding). The work of dredging the entrance channel off Rockaway Point, in progress June 30, 1923, by U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic, was continued until July 22, 1923; this work resulted in excavating a channel through the bar obstructing the entrance to a width of 600 feet and depth of 28 feet at mean low water. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements, were investigated. The total expenditures amounted to $180,569.55-$179,757.81 for new work and $811.74 for m'aintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The estimated proportion of project completed is: Portion to be done by the United States about 31/ per cent; portion to be done by the city about 21/4 per cent; total, about 2 per cent. Approximately 150 to 200 feet in width of an emergency entrance channel, extending from the 18-foot contour in Jamaica Bay, about 2,500 feet south of the eastern end of Plumb Beach, to the 18-foot contour in the lower bay, about 4,500 feet south of Manhattan Beach, a stretch of 10,000 feet, was deepened in 1917 to 18 feet; the controlling depth through this channel when last ex- amined in 1919 was 16 feet at mean low water. The main interior channel from deep water at Barren Island up to Paerdegat Basin, a stretch of 12,300 feet has been deepened to 18 feet with a width of 500 feet. The entrance channel off Rockaway Point has been dredged to a width of 600 feet and depth of 28 feet, except adjacent to side slopes where the dredging was carried to a depth of 23 feet; the controlling depth on June 30, 1924, was 24 feet through a chan- nel about 400 feet wide. The work remaining to complete the ex- isting project consists in dredging the entrance channel to a depth of 30 feet with a width of 1,500 feet; in protecting the entrance channel by one or two jetties, if this should prove to be the most economical method of maintaining the project width and depth; in deepening to 30 feet the main interior channel between Barren Island and Paerdegat Basin, previously dredged to a width of 500 feet and a depth of 18 feet; in widening this section of channel of 30 feet depth to 1,000 feet; and in extending this channel of 1,000-foot width and 30-foot depth from Paerdegat Basin up to the head of the projected improvement at the mouth of Cornells Creek, at the expense of the United States, and the construction by the city of New York of the necessary terminal facilities and all accessories thereto. Total ex- penditures by the United States under the existing project amounted 184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 to $458,479.61--$422,2'76.53 for new work and $36,203.08 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $842,020.39. With this it is proposed to reimburse the city of New York up to the extent of 10 cents per cubic yard, less any cost of inspection incurred by the United States, for the following work to be contracted for prior to June 30, 1926: (a) Dredging a channel 500 feet wide and 18 feet deep from Paer- degat Basin to 550 feet east of Canarsie, 1,650,000 cubic yards _ $165, 000 (b) Dredging a channel of the same dimensions from 550 feet east of Canarsie to Fresh Creek Basin, 1,600,000 cubic yards ------- 160, 000 (c) Dredging a channel of the same dimensions from Fresh Creek Basin to Spring Creek Basin, 2,400,000 cubic yards----------- 240, 000 (d) Dredging a channel of the same dimensions from Spring Creek Basin to Cross Bay Boulevard, 2,100,000 cubic yards- -- 210, 000 Total .. _. .. _ __ _.. . . .. . .. _ _-__ . .. _ . . --.-_ 775,000 The above covers all work contemplated by the city prior to June 30, 1926. The entrance channel to be provided by the United States now affords a depth of 18 feet and navigable width and no further work is considered necessary until the city constructs terminals in the bay. There seems no likelihood of such work being undertaken prior to June 30, 1926. No additional funds can therefore be profit- ably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, coal, ashes, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919.__________ 181, 925 $6,191,367 151, 784 1922__________ 246,148 $7, 656, 275 106,208 1920_______ ___ 186, 075 10, 496, 173 142, 164 1923 632, 039 6, 495, 461 101, 892 1921.......... 203,734 1 4,915,792 144,421 The increase in tonnage and decrease in value in 1923 is due to an increase in the tonnage of relatively inexpensive commodities and a decrease in the tonnage of commodities of comparatively higher value. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total loaded ofdraft of Class of freight carried loaded of totalSto ofdraft of tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Building material____ 65. 8 e4-12 Ashes_____________ _____. 6. 3 5-10 Coal ______________ _______ 19. 5 5-8 Petroleum products_ 2.9 4-12 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $250.83: New work----------------------------------------- $501, 608. 89 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 39, 164. 53 Net total expended ------------------------- 540, 773. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 382, 793. 81 1----------------, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST 'NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 185 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .. $9,912. 18 $179, 757, 81 Expended for maintenance 1 $2, 389. 70 $8, 435. 37 $7, 818. 85 7, 525. 55 811. 74 Total expended 1, 389. 70 8, 435. 37 7,818. 65 17, 437. 73 180, 569. 55 Appropriated or allotted --... . . .. ....... 600, 000. 00 - ... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- $1, 022, 583. 19 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------6. 75 1, 022, 589. 94 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------- $179, 757. 81 ---- For maintenance_________ 811. 74 180, 569. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 842, 020. 39 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 21. 12 July 1, 1924, balance available- ------ 41, 999. 27 8----- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- 2 10, 541, 000. 00 16. SHEEPSHEAD BAY, N. Y. Location and description.---This is a bay on the south side of Long Island, 14 miles by water southeast of the Battery, New -York City, and 81/ miles northeast of Sandy Hook. It is 6,000 feet long and from 250 to 1,000 feet wide. It is open to the east and is separated from the ocean on the south by the east end of Coney Island. The section under improvement is the entrance channel, which extends from deep water in the Atlantic Ocean to deep water in Sheepshead Bay, a distance of about one-quarter of a mile. (See IU. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1215.) Original condition.- The entrance to Sheepshead Bay has under- gone many changes since 1841. as shown by comparative charts. In 1881 the inlet was about a mile to the eastward of its present location. Originally there were numerous shoals in the bay, and the channel depths ranged from 1 to 13 feet at mean low water. There was a tidal flow through Coney Island Creek, a narrow, tortuous stream, about 3 miles in length, connecting Sheepshead and Gravesend Bays, but the practical head of navigation in Sheepshead Bay was and is about 0.8 mile west of the present entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. At the close of the fiscal year 1895 a total of $26,000 had been expended on the work; the records do not permit the separation of maintenance cost from the total. No further expenditures have been made in connection with this project. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour 1 Not deducting receits from sales, etc. ° Exclusive of available funds. 186 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVIY, 1924 in the ocean to the corresponding contour in Sheepshead Bay, a length of 2,200 feet. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.7 feet; extreme range of storm tides varies from 31/2 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $13,600, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. There has never been any approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. Shoaling of the channel is gradual. No reliable data are yet available upon which to base a reasonably accurate estimate of the cost of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 959, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see page 732 of Annual Report for 1884. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1884 and in 1913 local property owners furnished disposal areas and retaining bulk- heads for excavated materials. Terminal facilities.-The city of New York owns a wooden retain- ing bulkhead along the entire length of the south and west sides of the bay; this bulkhead is open to the public for pleasure but not for commercial purposes. Freights are handled at private bulkheads and floats stages, which are sufficient for the local commerce. Sheeps- head Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Sheepshead Bay is used but slightly for commercial purposes, and on this account freight rates have not been noticeably affected, but large numbers of pleasure and fishing boats and the ferryboats to Rockaway Point have been benefited by the improvement. A count of boats in the bay on June 4, 1917, showed 1,009. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. Dredging for maintenance was not necessary. The expenditures amounted to $29.70. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The dredged channel is in condition to meet all reasonable requirements of navigation, as shown by an examination by sounding made in May, 1921. The least depth through a channel of 75 feet minimum width is 6.5 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $10,705.04- $7,827.59 for new work and $2,877.45 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $333.94. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses as may be properly chargeable to this work. The channel appears to meet all demands of commerce, and it is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be necessary prior to June 30, 1926. No funds can therefore be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of petroleum products. The nature of the com- merce has not been affected by the improvement, but the number of fishing-party boats, motor and sail, increases every year. Three ferry lines maintain regular schedules during the summer season, carrying large numbers of passengers to nearby beaches and sum- mer resorts, and the fishing-party boats operate practically all year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 187 This locality is devoted mainly to pleasure purposes and fishing. The increase in tonnage in 1921 was due mainly to the receipt of food products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919--------- -------------- -------------------------------- 142 $11,145 53,728 1920......------------------------------------------------------- 590 43,986 63,190 1921.... ------------------------------------------- 1,045 53,268 32,568 --- 1922 ---------------------------- -- ------ 522 25,136 49,197 -------------...--- 1923 ------------------ 545 26,680 73,378 The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to drafts of 4 to 6 feet. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.70: New work----------___--------------------- --- $33,2, 827. 59 Maintenance -------------------------------------- __ 877. 45 Net total expended __ ------------ _ 36, 705. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 37, 038. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1 23 1924 Expended for new work ------- ------- --- - --------- ------ --------------- Expended for maintenance ' ____- - - $514. 09 $87. 62 $0. 20 $29. 70 Appropriated or allotted-------------- -- SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------- $363. 64 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 29. 70 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------_ 333. 94 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 118. 27 July 1, 1924, balance available ----------------------------------- 215. 67 17. NEW YORK HARBOR: AMBROSE, MAIN SHIP, BAYSIDE, AND GED- NEY CHANNELS, INCLUDING ANCHORAGE CHANNEL AND CRAVEN SHOAL, AND CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND HOFFMAN AND SWINBURNE ISLANDS, N. Y. Location and description.-The works included under the above title are in the Lower Bay and in the lower part of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor. The Lower Bay is 330 miles southwest by water of Boston Harbor, Mass., and 165 miles northeast of the entrance to Delaware Bay, N. J. and Del. The Upper Bay, 4 miles long and 4 miles wide, is connected with the Lower Bay by the Narrows, over a mile in width, and approxi- mately 2 miles in length. The Lower Bay is triangular, extending 12 miles inland, with one side about 6 miles long open to the sea, from which it is separated by a broad bar crossed by five channels, as follows: Two improved under titles of Ambrose Channel and 188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Gedney-Bayside Channel, with its extension Main Ship Channel; the inner end of these channels in the Lower Bay is 10 miles south of the Battery, New York City; Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, situated in Upper Bay between Governors Island and the Narrows; channel between Staten Island and Hoff- man and Swinburne (Quarantine) Islands, connecting these islands with deep water off Fort Wadsworth about 21/ miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel; and Coney Island Channel, reported separately; see page 197 of this report. Craven Shoal is situated in the upper (northern) part of the Lower Bay about 13/ miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1000.) Original condition.--In the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel the natural depth across the bar was 23.7 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. Inside the bar the depths were greater and a total length of 9 miles required dredging to make 30 feet depth. Ambrose Chan- nel had a natural available depth of about 16 feet for a width of 2,000 feet.. These channels formed separate routes across the shoals in lower New York Harbor. The Anchorage Channel has a natural depth of 40 feet or more, with a minimum width outside the neces- sary anchorages of 370 feet, limiting the 40-foot entrance channel in that part of its route. Craven Shoal had a least depth of 19.6 feet. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swin- burne Islands, 214 miles in length, had available mean low water depths of 10 feet to Hoffman Island and 8 feet to Swinburne Island, and width of about 50 feet, with channel banks not defined. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the Ambrose Channel 40 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide. extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 7.5 miles; for the Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, with the same depth and width, in the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds, length about 3.5 miles; for the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel, 30 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 1012 miles; for the removal of Craven Shoal to a depth of 30 feet; for a channel 16 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 12,500 feet long, extending from Bell Buoy 13A to Hoffman and Swinburne Islands; and for the collection and removal of drift. The project depths refer to mean low water. Mean tidal range, 4.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, are from 3 to 4 feet below mean low water, usually in the month of February, and from 3 to 312 feet above mean high water, occasionally in the early autumn. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $8,193,000. The latest (1915) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $256,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, and the dimensions of this channel were fixed by the Secretary of War December 27, 1886, under authority of the act of August 5, 1886 (Annual Reports for 1887, p. 62; 1888, p. 63); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the Ambrose Channel (H. Doc. No. 159, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 189 provided for the maintenance of the entrance channels under one head; the acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provided for the collection and removal of drift, reported separately (see p. 237 of this report); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for extending the Ambrose Channel into the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds (H. Doc. No. 518, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), for the removal of Craven Shoal (H. Doc. No. 557, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the channel to the Quarantine Islands (IH. Doc. No. 625, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of Ambrose Channel is in the An- nual Report for 1914, page 1734, and the latest published maps of the other localities in their respective project documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-" Cur- rents and Tides of New York Harbor," by G. T. Rude, printed in The Military Engineer, September-October, 1923. " Improvement of New York Harbor," by Henry N. Babcock, printed in The Military Engineer, January-February, 1924. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor above the Narrows, including the Upper Bay, the Hudson River to Spuyten Duyvil, the Harlem, and the East River to College Point, has about 555 miles of water front, of which 127 miles are owned by the city of New York and on which it has 184 piers, 31 ferry slips, and 5 car-transfer slips. Sixteen of the piers are used by city departments, 23 are open to the public, and the rest are leased. The city of New York is endeavoring to acquire additional water front as opportunity and the state of public funds permit. Jersey City owns one pier and a part interest in a basin of considerable use commercially. Nearly all of the water front of Jer- sey City and Hoboken is owned and occupied by railroads for pas- senger and freight terminals and by steamship lines as terminals. The merchant marine act of 1920 provided for the transfer of all of the Hoboken terminal to the United States Shipping Board on Jan- uary 1, 1921, unless the President specifically directed otherwise; the transfer was completed November 15, 1921. This terminal con- sists of six piers and bulkheads for trans-Atlantic service, which were taken over by the United States during the war. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legisla - tion creating a joint harbor development commission. This commis- sion made a study of the port as a whole, and under date of Decem- ber 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, together with comprehensive plans, and recommendations. On April 7, 1921, the State of New Jersey appointed commissioners to " the port authority " and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of " the port authority " (chap. 152, Laws of 1921, New Jersey). On April 15, 1921, the State of New York authorized the appointment of commissioners to " the port authority" and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of ".the port authority " (chap. 203, Laws of 1921, New York). By Public Resolution No. 17, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved August 23, 1921, the consent of Congress is given to an agreement between the States of New York and New Jersey for the creation of the port of New York district and the establishment of a Port of New York Authority, pursuant to chapter 154, Laws of New York, 1921, and chapter 151, Laws of New Jersey, 1921, for the com- 190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 prehensive development of the port of New York and to better the coordination of the terminal, transportation, and other facilities of commerce in, about, and through the port of New York. A report with recommendation was submitted on December 21, 1921, by the port authority to the Governors of the States of New York and New Jersey, which includes a description and maps of the plan recommended. As planned, the port district includes within its boundaries 105 organized municipalities, a population of about 8,000,000, about 800 miles of shore line of sheltered water, and about 12 trunk-line railroads which carry to and from the port 75,000,000 tons of freight annually. The proposed plan contemplates the con- struction of an outer, middle, and an inner belt line and an automatic electric system. The middle belt line is designed to provide the short- est connecting link between all railroad lines, connection between the belt line on the west side of the harbor with that on the east side being made by a tunnel to be constructed beneath the bed of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, between Greenville, N. J., and Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y. An essential part of the comprehensive plan consists of many belt lines to promote and serve industrial develop- ments and water fronts. Several years will be required to design, construct, and install the complete system; to afford relief in the meantime it is proposed to establish motor-truck service between the railroads of the port district and the island of Manhattan. Maps and details are printed in documents marked (*) under Reference to published articles not previously reported, appearing in Annual Report for 1922, page 294. By Public Resolution No. 66, Sixty- seventh Congress, approved July 1, 1922, the consent of Congress is given the Port of New York Authority to execute the comprehensive plan approved by the States of New York and New Jersey by chap- ter 43, Laws of New York, 1922, and chapter 9, Laws of New Jersey, 1922. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of nimprovement.The effect upon freight rates is not trace- able, being obscured by various causes. The improvement has made it possible for the largest ships to enter and leave at all normal stages of tide; without it none of them would have been able to enter or leave the harbor when loaded. A ship with reported draft of 42 feet 10 inches passed out via Ambrose Channel in the spring of 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no dredg- ing operations in either of the channels included in this improve- ment. The United States seagoing dredges, operating under the Am- brose Channel appropriation, were leased to other works of improve- ment in this and other districts, except during short periods when they were undergoing needed repairs and, in the case of the Nave- sink, when being converted from coal to oil burning. The cost of operating and maintaining the seagoing dredges is paid from the Ambrose Channel appropriation, the owner "of the dredges; this cost is reimbursed to the Ambrose channel improve- ment by the transfer of funds from the borrowing appropriations. Ambrose Channel was examined by survey in June, 1921. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements of the entrance channels, were investigated. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 191 There were removed from the Lower Bay, Narrows, and Upper Bay 90,250 cubic feet of drift material (see separate report on the Collection and removal of drift, p. 237). The total expenditures during the year, including the cost of en- gineering, superintendence, and contingencies, amounted to $608,- 915.10, and were paid from apropriations as follows: Appropriations for- New' work Maintenance Total Ambrose Channel --------------------- : -- ...... I $587, 368. 64 1$587, 368. 64 Maintenance including Ambrose Channel, Main Ship-Bayside- Gedney Channel, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal .... ].......... 21, 546. 46 21, 546. 46 Anchorage Channel-........................--...... Craven Shoal - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - .......... _ _-_ ----------- --------- - ,Channel between Staten Island and IHoffman and Swinburne Isla nd s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . -- -- - --. --. . . . Total- - - - - -_ 608, 915. 10 608, 915. 10 1 Expended in maintaining and operating dredges leased to other works; reimbursable. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel was completed in 1891; the depth was increased from its original depth of 23.7 feet to 30 feet at mean low water. The cost for new work amounted to $1,579,985.65, including $116,530 applied to removing wrecks and sunken rock authorized by acts of July 25, 1868, and January 8, 1873. Subsequent to the completion of these channels' in 1891, up to July 1, 1924, there has been expended $1,466,450.81 in maintaining the entrance channels, including Am- brose Channel and channels at Forts Hancock, Hamilton, and Wads- worth, Coney Island Channel, and the purchase of a dredge; deduct- ing $48,980.02 received from sales and reimbursements on account of maintenance and operation of dredges leased to other works, the net cost of maintaining the channels to July 1, 1924, amounts to $1,417,- 470.79. Ambrose Channel was completed in 1914; it was increased in depth from its original depth of 16 feet to 40 feet at mean low water. The estimated cost of this improvement was $6,688,000; it was completed at a gross cost of $5,190,507.08, including the cost of building dredges specially designed for the work. This gross cost was reduced $397,- 329.27 by receipts from the sale of scrap and one of the dredges and receipts from the lease of dredges during the period covered by improvement operations, thus making the net cost for new work $4,793,177.81. The value of plant on hand on the date of completing the improvement was $940,004; the actual net cost of dredging the channel was therefore $3,853,173.81. The value of plant will be reduced from year to year by depreciation, but may be increased occasionally by alteration. The cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel up to July 1, 1915, was $540,371.01, of which amount $382,388.65 was paid from appropria- tions for the maintenance of the entrance channels, and $157,981.96 was paid from appropriations for Ambrose Channel. This $157,- 981.96 was reduced $26,628.89 by receipts from sales and rental of dredges during the period of maintenance operations, thus making the net cost of maintenance work charged against the Ambrose Chan- nel appropriation $131,353.07. Of the above total maintenance cost :$372,372.40 was due to shoaling which occurred during the period 10710--ENa 1924-13 192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 covered by improvement operations. Since June 30, 1915, the cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel has been paid from appropriations for maintenance of the entrance channels; expenditures from the Ambrose Channel appropriation, amounting to $2,501,474.01, have been in payment of the cost of operating and maintaining dredges which are retained for maintenance work (if necessary) but which meanwhile are leased to other works for improvement, the amounts thus expended being reimbursed to the owning (Ambrose Channel) appropriation by the transfer of funds from the borrowing appro- priation. To June 30, 1924, reimbursements amounted to $3,463,- 013.17, and receipts from sales to $665,757.15; these transactions relate only to the operations of leased plants and therefore do not affect the cost of either the improvement or maintenance of Ambrose Channel It is estimated that the channel of 36 feet depth in Anchorage Channel has been increased from its original width of 800 feet to the full projected width of 2,000 feet for the channel of 40 feet projected depth. The area dredged over has not yet been examined by survey. The project for deepening Craven Shoal to 30 feet at mean low water was completed in July, 1921. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands has been completed to project dimensions up to within about 300 feet of the southern projected limits; the dredged channel meets all immediate demands of navigation, and further work of improve- ment is not contemplated for the present. The work covered by this. project is 82 per cent completed. The controlling depths at mean low water are as follows: Ambrose Channel (June, 1924), 40 feet. Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel (1914-1916), 30 feet. Anchorage Channel (1911), 40 feet. Craven Shoal (July, 1921), 30 feet. Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands (1920),. 16 feet. In the table following are shown the total net expenditures to June 30, 1924: Projects for Ambrose Channel; Main Ship, Bayside, and Gedney Channels; and maintenance of entrance channels, including Ambrose Channel and improve- ment of Anchorage Channel and Craven Shoals; and channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands For new For mainte- Total work nance 40-foot entrance (Ambrose Channel) _ $4, 793, 177. 81 1 $3,594,366.24 1 $8,387,544.05 Maintenance, including Ambrose Channel, Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal___________________ -- ___________- 1, 579, 985. 65 11, 417, 470. 79 2, 997, 456. 44 Anchorage Channel____ - . . .__________ ______... ._ 352, 046. 50 ------------- 352, 046. 50 C r a v e n S ho al -_ - -- 13 8 , 471. 53 [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8 , 4 7 1. 53 Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands_ 129, 337. 05 1,707. 76 131, 044. 81 Total_____________ ___________________ ___________________ 6,993, 018. 54 5, 013, 544. 79 12, 006, 563. 33 1Includes $3,463,013.17 received from loan of plant to other works. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 193 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended for Ambrose Chan- nel on June 30, 1924, was $384,958.96. It is proposed to use this as an operating fund for the operation and maintenance of the sea- going dredges belonging to this improvement. The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, for maintenance of entrance channels and improvement of Craven Shoal and Anchorage Channel was $585,055.53. With this it is proposed to- (a) Operate two seagoing dredges for a period of 10 months in widening Anchorage Channel and in removing certain shoals reported to have developed in the vicinity of the junction of the Main Ship and Bayside Channels- -- - $570, 055.53 (b) Operate two steam lighters for a period of 4 months in the col- lection of drift from the Upper and Lower Bays_ -- 15, 000. 00 Total 585, 055. 53 No additional funds will be necessary for Ambrose Channel in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because it is anticipated that the available funds will be used merely as an operating fund for operat- ing and maintaining the dredges and will be reimbursed by pay- ments from the improvements on which they are engaged. No main- tenance work is anticipated in Ambrose Channel prior to June 30, 1926. The sum of $600,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, in the maintenance of entrance channels and improvement of Craven Shoal and Anchorage Channel. With this it is proposed to- (a) Operate two seagoing dredges for a period of 12 months in widen- ing Anchorage Channel and in the removal of such shoals as may be found in the Main Ship Channel .... ___-------- $585,000 (b) Operate two steam lighters for a period of 4 months in the collec- tion of drift from the Upper and Lower Bays-_ - 15, 000 Total _- _____ _ ___-__ ___ 600,000 It was in the narrow part of Anchorage Channel that the U. S. S. Leviathan went aground on December 21, 1923, and it is considered important to prosecute vigorously the widening of this channel to full width in order to obviate the necessity of hugging the western edge of the channel as the Leviathan was doing when she went aground. Some of the larger tows that under existing regulations are required to use Main Ship Channel are now afraid to use it on account of reported shoals. Commercial statistics.-The following is a statement of foreign and coastwise commerce passing through the entrance channels of the Lower Bay during the calendar years 1919 to 1923, inclusive. Foreign Coastwise Total Year/ I Passengers Tons Value Toss Value Tons Value 1919 _ 16,907,055 $2, 865, 758,884 9, 434, 927 $691, 335, 761 26, 341, 982 $3, 557, 094, 645 2, 512,535 1920_ _ 22,441, 521 4, 108,191, 019 4, 506,822 523, 532, 693 26, 948, 343 4, 631, 723, 712 1, 140, 739 1921__ 14, 549,067 2,476,632, 646 7,568, 468 524, 577, 597 22, 117, 535 3, 001, 210, 243 789,682 1922_ _ 19, 161, 864 2, 510, 371,905 11, 015, 919 996, 798, 098 30, 177, 783, 3,507,170,003 1,722,739 1923 20, 431, 230 3, 690, 945, 797 18, 220, 245 891, 279, 199 38, 651,475 4, 582, 224, 996 906, 857 194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Following is a summary of commerce in the Upper Bay for 1920 to 1923, not including that portion fronting on Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, which is shown separately under ,that heading in the report: Year Short tons Value Passengers 1920_ .. __ ______________________________ 66, 864, 509 $7, 642, 932,835 24, 852,438 1921______________________________----_ 61,466,267 5,722,870,913 26,772,217 1922 1 --- --- - - ----- - 7, 090, 267 300, 485, 652 27, 170, 147 19231 .----------- ---. 12, 056, 567 1,010, 969, 015 27, 713,489 1 Excluding the following: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Total Year Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value 1922 ............. 6, 590, 514 $1,977, 154, 200 54,099,189 $4, 909,563,610 60, 689, 703 $6, 886,717,810 .1923 . _------------- 3,004, 351 901, 305, 300 55, 096, 486 3, 811, 836, 784 58, 100, 837 4, 713, 142, 084 The following table shows the total tonnage of the port of New York for 1923: Short tons Value Foreign imports . .. 10, 855,747 $1, 787,887,822 Foreign exports ------ ---------------------- 10, 174,880 1,878, 351,861 Coastwise receipts ________________ - .. __ . ________ 22, 442,160 1, 235, 589, 724 Coastwise shipments ______________________________ 9, 922,474 713, 554,061 Internal receipts__ 8,160, 981 178, 931,460 Internal shipments - -1,775, 624 89, 942, 343 Intraport . . --.-----. -------------- 64,225, 987 4, 421,068, 424 Total. 127, 557, 853 10, 305, 325, 695 Fina2ncial summary AMBROSE CHANNEL Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $665,757.15: New work -- $4, 793, 177. 81 Maintenance- - - - -- 13, 594, 366. 24 Net total expended - 8, 387, 544. 05 Total appropriations .to date of this report__ 1 8, 772, 503. 01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - Expended for maintenance 2 $440, 825. 64 $695, 770. 10 $430, 752.81 $499, 051.07 $587, 368. 64 Appropriated or allotted - _. ............. t- ........ - -- 1 Includes $3,463,013.17 received from loan of plant to other works. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 195 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ $406, 711. 41 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 (including re- imbursement for rental of dredges, etc.) - -- - 565, 616. 19 972, 327. 60 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ____ 587, 368.64 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 384, 958.96 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-__ 93, 883. 84 July 1, 1924, balance available __ 291,075.12 MAINTENANCE OF ENTRANCE CIIANNELS, ETC., AND IMPROVEMENT OF CRAVEN SHOAL AND ANCHORAGE CHANNEL Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing rece:pts from sales, etc., amounting to $49,063.25 New work-------- $2, 070, 503. 68 Maintenance 1, 417, 470. 79 Net total expended __ 3, 487, 974. 47 Total appropriations to date of this report ___ 4, 073, 030. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-_ $206, 089. 71 $104, 325. 29 $180, 191. 91 -__ - . Expended for maintenance1 ... _ ----13 $26, 302. I 51, 366. 22 I----- 20, 791. 01 24, 054. 50 $21, 546. 46 Total expended I --------- 26, 302. 13 257, 455. 93 125, 116. 30 204, 246. 41 21, 546. 46 Appropriated or allotted -........... 300, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 - 250,000. 0 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $356, 596.54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923-- 250, 000. 00 Receipts from s:ales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 .---.-- 5. 45 606, 601. 99 June 30,' 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 _ .. . __.---.--- -- _ 21, 546. 461 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended __ 585, 055. 53 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilit es_ 3, 763. 93 July 1, 1924, balance available__ 581, 291. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------------- 2614, 900.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work -- 2 585, 000. 00 For maintenance_ _ -- 215, 000. 00 Total----- 2 600, 000. 00 2 Exclusiv~e of available funds. 1 Not~f deducting receipts from sales, etc. 196 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND, HOFFSMAN ISLAND AND SWINBURNE ISLAND Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924. after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.25: New work _ $129, 337. 05 Maintenance _ - 1, 707. 76 Net total expended 131, 044. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 132, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 i 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- _ $31, 744. 71 $97, 542. 24 1 Expended for maintenance ------- i 576. 261 $1,108.06 - -- $23.44-- ------------ Total expended I- 31, 744. 71 98, 118. 50 1, 108. 06 23. 44 Appropriated or allotted _ 75, 000. 00 7, 00. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ $1, 455.19 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ 1, 455. 19 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL A ARY FOR SUMM NEW YORK HI-ARBOR Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924. after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $714,820.65: New work--------- ------ ----- --- $6, 993,018.54 Maintenance __--------- 2 5, 013,544.79 Net total expended------ 12, 006, 563.33 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 212,978, 033.01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 -... $31, 744. 71 $303, 631.95 $104, 325. 29 $180, 191. 91 _-...... Expended for maintenance 1.... 467, 127. 77 747, 712. 58 452, 651. 88 523, 129. 01 $608, 915. 10 Total expended _ _.... 498, 872. 48 1, 051, 344. 53 556, 977. 17 703, 320. 92 608, 915. 10 Appropriated or allotted .. ------ 75, 000. 00 307, 500. 00 350, 000. 00 -- ----- 250, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- $764, 763.14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 ___ -- ------------------------------ 250, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 _ -565, 621.64 1, 580, 384.78 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance __________________________ - - -______-- -- 608, 915. 10 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- - 971, 469. 68 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__-- ---- 97, 647.77 July 1, 1924, balance available___-------------- 873, 821.91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- ___- _ 614, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work_ --------------- - 585,000.00 For maintenance_____ ---- 15, 000. 00 Total _____ ____ ____- 600,001. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Includes $3,463,013.17 received from loan of plant to other works. 3Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 197 18. CONEY ISLAND CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description. This channel lies at the entrance to New York Harbor and is the northerly one of five channels crossing the bar. It extends eastward from a point about 1,500 feet south of Nortons Point at the western end of Coney Island; the easterly end of the channel lies about 6,000 feet south of the Coney Island shore. It is the connecting channel between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay entrance, and is also frequently used by dump scows returning from sea. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369, but it is not named. Original condition.-The channel had a natural depth of about 10 feet and a width of 500 to 2,000 feet. Its length was about 3 miles, with the shoalest water on the western third. The eastern 2 miles had natural depths of 16 to 20 feet. Previous projects.-There have been no previous projects. On two occasions allotments were made from appropriations for mainte- nance of entrance channels, New York Harbor, for removing shoals in this channel. For further details of work done see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 600 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, and 7,000 feet in length between 20- foot contours. Mean tidal range, 4.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 31/ feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made ir 1906, is $168,300, and for maintenance $20,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 442, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a privately owned pier built out from the Coney Island shore for summer passenger travel and not extending to the channel. It is sufficient for this use. Commer- cially the channel is part of the water route between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay. Coney Island Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-It has facilitated commerce with Jamaica Bay and the trips of scows carrying dredgings to the public dumping grounds and of barges carrying refuse to Barren Island. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; the seagoing dredges could not be spared from other more important work. The expenditures, amounting to $26.62, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal yea.-The project is about 50 per cent completed. The last work of dredging, largely for maintenance, was done in 1913. Upon the completion of this dredging the channel in its western end had been dredged to a depth of 20 feet at mean 198 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 low water and width of from 400 to 600 feet. When examined in June, 1924, a bar obstructed the channel off Beach Fortieth Street so that there was then available a depth of but about 12 feet, except along the southern line where a channel 100 feet wide and 15 feet deep existed. An entrance channel, however, about 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep was available for navigation south of the southern limits of the projected channel. The controlling depth in the east- ern end, about off West Twenty-seventh Street, Coney Island, is about 17 feet at mean low water. Between these shoal areas a channel of project width and 20 feet and over in depth exists. The work remaining to be done to complete the. project consists in widening the channel through the shoal in the western end to 600 feet and removing the shoal area in the eastern end by dredging to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water and width of 600 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $124,327.02- $111,371.21 for new' work and $12,955.81 (estimated) for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $24,972.98. With this it is proposed to operate a seagoing dredge for a period of one month in removing a portion of the shoal at the western end of the channel. The draft of the vessels using this channel does not necessitate the maintenance of the full project depth and it is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be necessary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commnercial statistics.-The commerce through Coney Island Channel during the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, petroleum products, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919-_ 1.81,925 $6,191, 367 1,155,964 1920 152,510 10,115, 098 1,139,451 1921 ............................ .. . .. .... .. . .. . .. . 191,566 3,337,466 1,176,468 1922 227,212 7,215, 859 893,245 1923 499,529 5,095, 369 1,336,464 The tonnage passing through Coney Island Channel to and from Jamaica Bay was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Per cent of Usual limit of loaded total o loaded of a d Class of freight carried total Class of freight carried draftof tonnage draft of tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Building material 84. O 4-12 Ashes-----------------. 7. 9 5-10 Petroleum products 3. 6 4-12 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 199 Financial sumTnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7.97: New work ______- $111, 371.21 Maintenance ------------------ 12, 955. 81 Net total expended-_ 124, 327. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report_------- _ 149, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ,-...... ---.----------.-.- - . Expended for maintenance .. $5. 28 $252. 94 $407. 25 $619. 00 $26. 62 Appropriated or allotted .________________0.00 20 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------------------------------- $24, 999. 60 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ -- --- 26.62 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-_ --- 24, 972. 98 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 8. 33 July 1, 1924, balance available-- 24, 964. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------- _ 32, 000. 00 19. BAY RIDGE AND RED HOOK CHANNELS, N. Y. Location and description.-These channels lie along the east shore of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and, with Buttermilk Chan- nel, form an easterly channel along the Brooklyn water front from the Narrows to East River. The combined length of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels is 41/ miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels were navigable by lighters, barges, and similar small harbor craft. The minimum low-water depth was 7 feet in a channel about 100 feet wide and hardly distinguishable from the adjacent flats. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by act of Con- gress March 3, 1881. It was modified by acts of August 11, 1888, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. A second project was adopted by act of Congress June 3, 1896, and completed in 1899. The amount expended on these projects and their modifications prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1899 was $1,246,100, of which $1,090,000 was applied to Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels (as nearly as can be estimated), and $156,100 to other channels combined with them in these projects. For further details of previous projects see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channels 1,200 feet wide and 40 feet deep at mean low water, and for the collection and removal of drift. Length of section included in the project, 412 miles. Mean 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 10710---ENa 1924- 14 200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tidal range, 41/2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 51/2 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, vary from about 4 feet below mean low water to 31/2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $3,459,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The estimated cost of annual maintenance, made in 1924, is $80,000. This project was adopted in specific terms by river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, no prior surveys or estimates for channels of these dimensions having been published. A report upon a survey of these channels showing the depths in 1897 was printed on page 1177 of the Annual Report for 1897. The river and harbor act of 1907 author- ized prosecution of the work so as to obtain, first, a depth of 35 feet, subsequently increasing the depth to 40 feet for the full width, in accordance with the project of 1899; this permitted a change in the order of the work without a change in the project. The collection and removal of drift has been added to the project under authority of the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 237 of this report). The latest published map is in the An- nual Report for 1915, page 2150. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.See re- port on New York Hrbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation. None. Terminal facilities.There are 123 piets and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of these channels, 20 of which are owned by the city of New York; 9 are owned by the United States and are used as an Army supply base; 7 are leased by the United States, 6 of which are used as a Navy supply base and I for the transfer of cars; 20 are owned and in use by four ship- yards; 3 are owned and in use by a railroad company; 3 are owned by a rapid-transit railroad company, I of which is leased to the United States; and all others are either privately or corporately owned. Two are used as ferry terminals, 1 is in use by a city de- partment, and 27 have railroad connections. Twenty-eight are situ- ated within the limits of Erie Basin, 13 of which are used exclusively for shipbuilding and ship repairs. Many of the piers exceed 1,000 feet in available dockage, the limit of the largest being 3,500 feet; these piers are provided with large storage facilities, either on the pier itself or in storage warehouses on the uplands immediately in the rear, up to eight stories in height and 1,619,200 feet of floor space. The terminal facilities occupy practically all of the available wharf room along the water front. They are mostly of modern equipment, but by reason of limited space are not adequate to all the require- ments of the increased traffic. The terminals in Gowanus Creek (see separate report on p. 207) are reached through the Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) These channels lie within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of inmprovement.-The improvement has opened up to use 4 miles of water front, most of which is already occupied by large RIVERS AND -HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 201 piers. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have ap- proached this part of the water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal yeai.--The project is 82 per cent com- pleted. Bay Ridge Channel was completed in 1915. Red Hook Channel has been dredged to a width of 1,200 feet for a length of 3,000 feet northward from its junction with Bay Ridge Channel and thence 1,000 feet wide a further distance of 3,500 feet and to depths of from 38 to 40 feet at mean low water. The controlling depth, as shown by survey made in June, 1924, through a channel of naviga- ble width for large vessels is about 36 feet (estimated) at mean low water. The upper end of Bay Ridge Channel near its junction with the Gowanus Creek project of 26 feet depth at mean low water is about 28 feet deep. To complete the project about 3,500 feet in length of the upper portion of Red Hook Channel is to be widened from its present width of 1,000 feet to 1,200 feet, and shoals which obstruct the dredged channel and limit its controlling depth to less than 40 feet require removal to project depth. The total expendi- tures under the existing project amounted to $3,225,000-$3,098,- 379.47 for new work and $126,620.53 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $35,000. With this it is proposed to operate one seagoing dredge for a period of 112 months in removing certain shoals along the western edge and at the upper end of these channels. The sum of $300,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to operate a seago- ing dredge for 12 months in the completion of the removal of the shoals referred to in the preceding paragraph. This work is neces- sary to remedy conditions complained of by navigation interests, and is all new work: Conmmercial statistics. The commnerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of foodstuffs, building materials, coal, petroleum products, and general merchandise. Com parati e .statemeint Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 1---------------------- - - - - - - ------------.... 6, 566, 312 $697, 305, 583 1,045, 308 1920 2....................................................... 5, 263, 182 890, 229, 115 2, 282, 831 1921 2------------=---. 5, 145, 038 801, 601, 893 1, 896, 579 19222 8,835,470 1,104, 439,731 1,586,913 19232 .-. . 7,678,571 964,270,772 1,587,051 Io 1Reduction in tonnage due stoppage of commerce incident to the war, and unstable transportation conditions. 2Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1920 5, 087, 793 $1, 526, 515, 900 2, 071, 157 $24, 758, 285 1921-...- - .. - - ... - - -... .. .. - - .. .. 5,814, 207 1, 744, 262, 100 2, 815, 613 129, 791, 901 1922 ----------------- 6, 185, 241 1,855,572,300 2,110,273 . 52,315,330 1923 .. 2,343, 562 703, 068, 600 4, 476, 518 627, 897, 674 202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The increase in tonnage during 1922 as compared with previous years is due mainly to increased imports and exports. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total loaded ofdraft aodraft freight carried Classof oftotal of loaded vesselof tonnage of tonnage vessel Feet Feet Foodstuffs---------------- 45. 9 5-32 Petroleum products -_-- 8. 4 4-22 Building materials - 4. 5 4-28 General merchandise-..... 13.5 5-32 Coal ----------------------- 3. 6 5-14 Finan;'l.cial summ.aLry Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26,312.93: New work__------------------------- - $4, 344, 479. 47 Maintenance----------- -- - 126, 620. 53 Net total expended-- ------------------- 4, 471, 100. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report- - - 4, 506, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- ___----- - _'_ - $7, 606. 22 $38, 083. 36 -------- ------- Expended for maintenance - - - - - $1,552.18 14, 014. 10 7, 497. 06 $8, 652. 23 - ------ Total expended 1----..1 552. 18 21. 620. 32 45, 580. 42 8, 652. 23 Appropriated or allotted-- ...-- ------------------------------------------------- Amount allotted from War I)epartment appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 -- $-------------------------------- 000. 00 $35, July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------35, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- ---------------------------- 2 326, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1926. for new work---------- 2 300, 000. 00 20. BUTTERMILK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel connects deep water in the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, southwest of Governors Island, with deep water in East River northeast of Governors Island, and lies between that island and Brooklyn Borough, New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369). Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by three shoals: (1) A shoal or sand bar having a least depth of 9.5 feet at mean low water lying northeast of Governors Island about midway between the island and the Atlantic Avenue Ferry in Brooklyn (a narrow channel 30 feet deep existed on both sides of this shoal) ; (2) a shoal with an average depth of 10 to 12 feet at mean low water lying in the eastern side of the channel and extending from Red Hook Point 'jNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 203 to the entrance to Atlantic Basin; (3) a shoal partly dry at mean low water, extending out from the southern side of Governors Island to- ward Red Hook Point Shoal (a large part of this shoal has since been covered by the enlargement southwestward of Governors Is- land) ; a narrow and crooked channel 30 feet deep at mean low water existed between the two latter shoals. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. It provided for the removal of such part of the shoal lying northeast of Governors Island to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water as would secure a channel width of 850 feet adjacent to the Brooklyn shore; estimated cost, $210,000 (A. R. 1880, p. 506; 1881, p. 629; and 1885, p. 92). The project was enlarged in 1885 by increasing the width to 1,150 feet and the cost to $360,000 (A. R. 1885, p. 671), and by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, the project was again enlarged by including Red Hook Shoal for removal to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water and increasing the total estimated cost of the project to $829,000 (A. R. 1893, p. 1051, and H. Doc. No. 26, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). By the terms of the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, the triangular area between them, Buttermilk Channel, and a small improvement of Gowanus Canal were consoli- dated into one improvement (A. R. 1896, p. 755). The total ex- penditures under previous projects up to June 30, 1895, amounted to $449,584.88. Up to the time of completing work on June 24, 1899, under the modified project of June 3, 1896, and prior to commencing work under the existing project for improving Buttermilk Channel, there had been expended on the Buttermilk Channel improvement., as provided for under the enlargement adopted by the river and har- bor act of July 13, 1892, a total of $496,250. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 1,200 feet wide and not less than 30 feet deep at mean low water, connecting deep water in the Upper Bay southwest of Governors Island with deep water in the East River northeast of Governors Island, and for the collection and removal of drift. Length of section included in the project, 21/4 miles. Mean tidal range, 4.5 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.5 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from 4 feet below mean low water to 3.5 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost for dredging work, made in 1900, is $1,900,000, the-removal of rock in place or of bowlders over 5 cubic yards volume to be provided for when their presence can be determined and their quantity estimated. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 122, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and re- moval of drift was provided for by ,the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917. For latest published map, see House Document No. 44, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recom~mended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 57 terminals with a length of 37,- 295 feet of available dockage, comprising 23 open pile piers, 20 crib and congrete bulkheads, 9 open pile wharves, 2 railroad float bridges, 204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TJ. S. ARMY, 1924 2 timber ferry racks, and one is a natural bank. One is owned by the city of New York and is used as a dumping platform for refuse 'and garbage; the remaining 56 are owned by commercial interests en- gaged largely in foreign trade. None is open to the public. Thirty- five are provided with one to five story storage sheds located either on the terminal itself or immediately in the rear. Twenty are not shel- tered, 'andtwo are provided with coal pockets; the floor area of the shelters totals 4,580,000 square feet. With the exception of two steam derricks and a coal trestle, the cargoes at the terminals are handled by the use of the derricks of the cargos vessel or by the use of floating derricks. The facilities and methods for handling cargo are anti- quated and should be replaced by modern appliances and methods. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Buttermilk Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Author- ity December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in open- ing up a water front of about 2 miles to deep-draft vessels up to 29 feet draft and in providing a through channel for vessels of that draft between the Upper B'ay, New York Harbor, and East River. All of this water front has been built up with large piers, shipyards, and warehouses. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have approached this water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work of channel excavation was done; the seagoing dredges to be employed in this work could not be spared from other more important work. There were removed and disposed of 7,600 cubic feet of drift mate- rial (see report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 237). The expenditures, amounting to $1,229.28 were in payment of the above-mentioned work, office expenses, and contingencies, and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--In the report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the project for improving Buttermilk Chan- nel is erroneously stated as providing for deepening the channel to 30 feet depth at mean low water and such width as the appropriation of $90,000, made by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, would suffice for. By the expenditure of this $90,000 a through channel 800 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water was excavated; no work of either improvement or maintenance has been done in Butter- milk Channel since this work was completed in 1905. As shown by an examination completed in July, 1922, the controlling depth through a channel 500 feet wide is 28 feet at mean low water; shoals in northerly and southerly areas included within the limits of the project reduce the depth in the westerly side of the channel to 21 and 22 feet, and immediately opposite Atlantic Basin, adjacent to Governors Island, the depth rapidly decreases to 6 feet and less at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $93,378.78-$90,000 for new work and $3,378.78 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $9,021.22. This is too small an amount to undertake any fur- ther improvement and will be reserved to care for any small amount of emergency work that may develop. . RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 205 No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because the work in this channel is essentially work for seagoing dredges and no seagoing dredge will be available for operation in this channel prior to June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Buttermilk Channel con- sists mainly of imports and exports. The principal classes of com- modities handled during the calendar year 1923 were general mer- chandise, nonmetallic minerals and ores, metals and manufactures. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1920 1 - .- 3, 002, 388 $621, 178, 319 8, 137, 928 1921 1 2, 059, 129 421, 961, 327 6, 788, 536 1922 ---------------------------------------- 2, 253, 332 411, 424, 129 6, 459, 587 1923 1.. . ......-------- _---__ . 2, 666, 325 676, 272, 335 4, 714, 687 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1920_ 38, 475 $1i, 542, 500 994, 000 $85, 746, 090 1921 53, 623 16, 086, 900 760, 366 54, 483, 231 1922 71,170 21, 351, 000 1,441,085 71, 897, 072 1923_ 93,724 28, 117, 200 2,028,029 160, 893, 431 The decrease in volume of traffic in 1921, as compared with the previous year, was due mainly to the general business depression. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet General merchandise-..... 25. 8 6-30 Ores, metals and manu- Nonmetallic minerals. 37. 7 4-26 factures_ _ 14. 5 6-30 Financial sammary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $102.20: New work ----------------- $586, 250. 00 Maintenance_--- 3, 378. 78 Net total expended---------- 589, 628. 78 Total appropriations to date of this report-------- 598, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _.... ---------- -------------- --------------- Expended for maintenance 1_ $753. 25 $1, 398. 45 $1, 229. 28 Appropriated or allotted, .... 2, 300. 00 200, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ------------------- $200, 150. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_ .- __.__-____ - -. 50 200, 150. 50 Deduction on account of withdrawal for reallotment elsewhere_ 189, 900. 00 10, 250. 50 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 1------------------ 1, 229. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 9, 021. 22 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-- - 510. 69 July 1, 1924, balance available-- 8, 510. 53 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project------ ------------------- 21, 810, 000. 00 21. GOWANUS CREEK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-Gowanus Creek is a small tidal inlet extending northeasterly about 11/2 miles from the north end of Bay Ridge Channel. The section included for improvement under the title of Gowanus Creek Channel extends from Bay Ridge Channel, at the foot of Twenty-eighth Street, up to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, Brooklyn, a length of about 4,000 feet. The waterway east and northeast of Percival Street is known locally as Gowanus Canal. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369, but is not named. Original condition.-The channel, 150 to 50 feet wide, had an available depth of 11 feet; the channel of 9 feet depth was about 100 feet wider. Navigation extended through Gowanus Creek Channel to the head of navigation more than a mile farther inland through Gowanus Canal. The depths were as great as those immediately outside the creek and were therefore sufficient for such vessels as could enter. Previous projects.-The first project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, under the ap- propriation title of " Gowanus Bay" (H. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 46th Cong., 3d sess.) ; it was enlarged by the terms of the river and harbor act of 1888 by increasing the channel dimensions below Percival Street; and it was modified by the river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, by including all that part of the project below Twenty-eighth Street in a new project entitled " Bay Ridge Channel in Gowanus Bay." The amount expended on the Gowanus Creek section of the improvement prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1897 is estimated at $75,000. It is imprac- ticable to estimate how much of this sum was applied to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water, extending eastward from the end of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels at Twenty-eighth Street, for a distance of about 2,900 feet to the foot of Percival Street, with width decreasing from about 300 feet at its outer or western end to 200 feet at its inner end, and thence to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, 18 feet deep at mean low 1 Not deducting receipts from slales, etc. 2 Exclusive olf available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 207 water, and gradually reducing in width to 100 feet at the bridge, all as limited by harbor lines; also for the collection and removal of drift. Mean tidal range, 41/2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 51/2 feet; extreme range of storm tides varies from about 4 feet below mean low water to 31 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1896, is $70,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated annual cost of main- tenance, $3,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the 18-foot chan- nel, and the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 26-foot channel. The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917. (See p. 237 of this report.) For latest published map of Gowanus Creek see page 919 of Annual Report for 1903. Reconmmended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 48 piers and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of this waterway, 5 of which are owned by the State of New York as a barge canal terminal, and were completed during the year; 1 is owned by the city of New York; 24 are owned and in use by five shipyards; the remainder are either privately or corporately owned and used for various commer- cial purposes, such as coal and lumber yards and for other local sup- plies. Three are open to the public; none has rail connections. These terminals occupy practically the whole of the water front. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Gowanus Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities,iNew York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.--The effect of the improvement upon freight rates can not be determined, but a large increase in com- merce has resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channel was ex- amined by survey as was also a section of the physical bulkhead said to encroach upon navigable waters beyond the established harbor line. There were removed and disposed of 8,650 cubic feet of drift ma- terial. (See report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 237.) The expenditures, amounting to $1,409.97, were in payment of the cost of the above work and of office expenses and contingencies per- taining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The channel was restored to project depth by re.- dredging in 1921. When surveyed in June, 1924 the controlling mean low water depth in the channel up to Percival Street was 26 feet, thence to about 300 feet south of Hamilton Avenue Bridge, 18 feet, and thence to the head of the improvement, 15 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $111, 009.10-$70,000 for new work and $41,009.10 for maintenance. 208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $2,219.66. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses as may be properly chargeable to this work. No funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1926, because it is not anticipated that any work of maintenance will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building materials, coal and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 1,607, 261 18,802, 541 19221 2,333,809 $60,365,115 1920----------------------- 1, 550, 732 21, 248, 128 1923 1 - 3,018,803 73,079,129 1921 1 2,839, 689 96, 215, 400 None. Passengers carried: 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Car ferry Year Year Tons Value Tons Value 1921_2 _ . - ----. 397 $119, 100 1923---------------------- 1,072 $321,900 1922-- 30 9,000 The increase in tonnage in 1921, 1922, and 1923 is due to an in- crease in foreign and coastwise shipping in the locality. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent of limit of . Per cent of limit of Class of freight carried total loaded Class of freight carried total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessels vessels Feet Feet Building material--------- 26. 6 4-14 Petroleum products ...... 12. 6 6-10 Coal-... ... . 32. 8 6-12 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.40: New work___ $145, 000. 00 Maintenance__ 41, 009. 10 Net total expended -- 186, 009. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report_- 188, 228. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for'new w ork --------------.---- ---- ---- -- _----- . . .-- Expended for maintenance 1 .. $2, 925. 16 $32, 980. 74 $465.87 $1, 409. 97 A ppropriated or allotted_ $40, 000. 00 . ....... . . . -.-.. 1Not dedicting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 209 -July 1,1923. balance unexpended________________________________ $3, 629. 38 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ....... 25 3, 629. 63 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance --- --- --- 1, 409. 97 Tuly 1, 1924. lalance une-:ended .2.. 21,9. .July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ........ --. 397. 28 July 1,1924, balance available - 1, 822. 38 22. EAST RIVER. N. Y. Location and desctription.-The East River is a tidal strait about 16 miles long and 600 to 4,000 feet wide, connecting Hudson River and the Upper Bay at the Battery, New York City, with Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck, New York City, and separating Long Island from the mainland. The stretch between the north end of Black- wells Island and Negro Point Bluff is known as Hell Gate. The Harlem River joins the East River at Wards Island, in Hell Gate; they are also connected by Little Hell Gate between Wards and Ran- dalls Islands, and by Bronx (Harlem) Kills between Randalls Island and the mainland, Five bridges, having a vertical clearance at mean high water of 135 feet, cross the river between the Battery and Lawrence Point. From the Battery to Port Morris, a distance of 103/4 miles, both shores are occupied by wharves, practically continu- ously, except where shoals or currents prevent access. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A channel through the East River for sea- going vessels existed but was rendered dangerous by rocks and reefs :scattered throughout the section extending from the Battery to Bar- retto Point, the existence of many of which was not known until struck by vessels. In Hell Gate, navigators had the choice of three channels, all of which were very narrow and wound through numer- ous scattering rocks and reefs, and the tidal currents were exceed- ingly strong; these conditions rendered navigation through the Gate extremely hazardous. The widths of these channels ranged from approximately 100 to 200 feet, and their mean low-water depths from about 19 feet to 26 feet and over. Elsewhere in the river the channel .of 26 feet controlling depth ranged in width up to probably 500 feet or more. The original depths over the rocks and reefs are given un- der Condition at end of fiscal year. Previous projects.-Priorto 1852 there was appropriated by other than river and harbor acts $13,861.59, which sum was expended in increasing the depth over various rocks in Hell Gate. On August 20, 1852, Congress appropriated $20,000 for the removal of " rocks at Hell Gate and Diamond Reef." A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, which was subsequently modified in 1874 and at various times thereafter, and was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1899, and June 25, 1910. As modified and enlarged the project provided for the removal of obstructions to the former projected depths given in the table in the paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. The total estimated cost 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of all work under previous projects prior to the conmmencement of work under the existing project in 1917 was $8,791,(44.59, and the total expenditures amounted to $6,239,219.04--$6.201.555.09 for new work and $37,663.95 for maintenance. The work accomplished under these projects is stated in paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. Existing project.-.This provides for channels of the following dimensions (depths refer to mean low water) : From deep water in the Upper New York Bay to the Brooklyn Navy Yard. 40 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide; from the Brooklyn Navy Yard to Throgs Neck, 35 feet deep with widths varying from about 550 feet to 1,000 feet, according to locality; east of Blackwells Island up to English Place. Long Island City, 30 feet deep and varying in width from 500 feet to 900 feet, with widening in the approach from the main channel; between South Brother and Berrian Islands, 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, with widening in the approach from the main channel; for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 40 feet, local interests pay- ing the cost of the work below a depth of 35 feet; also the removal of the following rocks and reefs lying outside of the limiting lines of the main channel to give access to wharves: Along the Brooklyn shore, Brooklyn Bridge to Manhattan Bridge (Fulton Ferry Reef), to a depth of 25 feet; Jay Street Reef, 25 feet; Corlears Reef, 35 feet; Shell Reef, 25 feet; Horns Hook, 40 feet; Rhinelander Reef, 26 feet; and reef off Oak Point, 30 feet; for the construction of a dike in Pot Cove in Hell Gate, and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of the section included in the improvement is about 16 miles. The mean range of tides varies according to locality, from 4 feet at the Brooklyn Navy Yard to 7.2 feet at the eastern entrance at Throgs Neck, and 4.4 feet at the Battery; mean range of spring tides, 4.8 feet, 8.5 feet, and 5.3 feet, respectively; irregular fluctua- tions, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary according to locality from 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery and 3 feet below at Throgs Neck to about 8 feet above at the Battery and about 10 feet above at Throgs Neck; extreme fluctuations are infrequent and do not affect navigation interests adversely to a serious extent. Estimated cost in 1921 for new work, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects, $46,514,000; for annual maintenance, $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Public Resolution No. 67, Sixty-third Congress, third session, March 3, 1915, provided for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), condi- tioned upon local cooperation increasing the depth to 40 feet; the acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provided for the mainte- nance of New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waters by the collection and removal of drift, and authorized the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for this work from funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and said tributaries; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for a channel 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep across Diamond Reef (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); and the acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, provided for a depth of 40 feet across Diamond Reef and through East River and Hell Gate (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 211 1st sess.), and for the remaining items under the existing project (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), and the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, modified the existing project by limiting the depth to be made in the through channel between Brooklyn Navy Yard and Throgs Neck to 35 feet, and provided for the removal of certain rocks and reefs and the construction of a dike in Pot Cove (H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-"Plant for Removing Submarine Rock,"' by W. L. Kuehnle, printed in the Military Engineer November-December, 1923. Dredging Engineer- ing, January, 1924. Dredging Engineering, February, 1924. See also report on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-Public Resolution No. 67 (63d Cong., 3d sess.), approved March 3, 1915, authorized the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water on condition that the city of New York or other local interests provide for its further removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. On February 4, 1916, the city of New York met this condition by adopting a resolu- tion appropriating $240,000 for the removal of the reef as required; as much of this appropriation as may be necessary will be expended in the payment of work required to be done at the expense of the city of New York. Prior to 1913 local interests expended unknown amounts in the partial removal of Coenties Reef and in the construction of a dike connecting Bread and Cheese Reef with Blackwells Island. Terminal facilities.-Both shores of the East River from the Bat- tery, Manhattan Borough, to Hunts Point, east of Hell Gate, a length of about 12 miles, are occupied by terminals except in limited sections where access is prevented by eddies and swift currents or by shoal water. The terminals consist of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. Thirty per cent of the termi- nals are owned by the city of New York; 9 per cent are owned by railroads; 3 per cent by the United States; and 1 per cent by the State of New York; the remaining 57 per cent are either privately or corporately owned. The total available dockage measured around piers and along bulkheads in use for commercial purposes is about 230,000 linear feet. The United States Navy Department occupies about 2,700 feet of direct water front in Brooklyn Borough as a navy yard for the construction and repair of all classes of naval vessels, including large battleships of the dreadnought class. Some of the terminals owned by the city are open to the public, some are leased for commercial purposes, and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclu- sively for commercial purposes; none is open to the public. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of handling freight. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in trans- 212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19'24 ferring the particular class of freight to be handled. A few ter- minals in Long Island City and a few at Port Morris have direct railroad connection. All terminals are reached by well-paved high- ways in good condition. In an endeavor to keep pace with the growing commerce of New York Harbor the city authorities are constantly adding to and ir- proving the terminals in the East River and elsewhere in the harbor. Private capital is also being largely applied to the construction and enlargement of terminals and the State of New York has completed the construction of four large barge canal terminals. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legisla- tion creating a joint harbor development commission. This commis- sion made a study of the port as a whole and under date of December 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States together with comprehensive plans and recommendations. The East River throughout its length lies nwithin the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Ter aiimnal faciities. New York Har- bor, p. 189 of this report. For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. While the benefits derived from the im- provement can not be shown by its influence on freight rates or directly by the increase in tonnage, the commerce of the river is so enormous, both in tonnage and value, that every improvement which facilitates and lessens the dangers to navigation in this waterway is unquestionably justified. Perhaps the most obvious effect of the im- provement is the increase in the number of vessels of large tonnage using the river; also, though the improvements made have rendered low-water navigation through Hell Gate safer for vessels up to about 20 to 22 feet draft, the shorter and safer inside route through Long Island Sound is not yet available for vessels of large tonnage be- cause of insufficient depth through the Hell Gate Channel. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract for dredging and rock removal in the channel between the Upper Bay. New York Harbor, and the Brooklyn Navy Yard (Diamond Reef Channel) operations in progress June 30. 1923. were completed August 4, 1923. This work has resulted in removing to a depth of 40 feet two areas of ledge rock and in completing a rock cut through Diamond Reef 1,050 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 40 feet deep, ad- jacent to the southern limiting line of the projected channel. Under a contract for dredging and rock removal in Diamond Reef Channel operations in progress June 30, 1923, were continued throughout the year. This work has resulted in removing two areas of ledge rock to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, except for some minor shoals; one of these shoals is situated in about midchan- nel off Pier 8, Manhattan Borough. and the other adjacent to the southern limiting line of Diamond Reef Channel off Pier 15, Brook- lyn Borough. There was also excavated to a depth of 40 feet, 950 feet in length and 200 feet in width of a rock cut through Diamond Reef to be made 1,650 feet long on the north side and immediately adjacent to the cut made through this reef under the above-men- tioned contract completed August 4, 1923. Work under contract for dredging the section of Shell Reef lying between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets, Manhattan Borough, was RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 213 finally completed July 10, 1923. This work resulted in deepening the reef to the required depth of '25feet, except where prevented by ledge rock and embedded bowlders not required to be removed under the contract. Work under contract for excavating an emergency channel in Hell Gate, in progress June 30, 1923, was completed May 27, 1924. This work has resulted in completing a rock cut 500 feet wide and 35 feet deep through Hallets Point and Frying Pan Reefs and in removing Pot Rock to the same depth. Under informal agreement with the contractor a shoal area 4,500 square feet in extent, lying outside of and immediately adjacent to the contract area, was also deepened to project depth. Work under contract for dredging and rock removal in Middle Ground off Sunken Meadow to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water, in progress June 30, 1923, was continued throughout the year. Up to July 1, 1924, about 120 feet in width of the easterly side of the reef had been removed to the required depth, thereby increasing the width of the channel of 35 feet depth on that side of the reef from 150 feet to 270 feet. Work under contract entered into December 31, 1923 for dredging and rock removal iri Middle Reef, Hell Gate, was commenced June 3, 1924. At the close of the fiscal year about 175 feet in length and 150 feet in width of the northern part of the area included in the contract had been drilled and blasted; no dredging had been done. Work of drilling and blasting under contract for dredging and rock removal in Negro Point in Hell Gate, entered into July 10, 1923, was commenced July 19, 1923, suspended September 11, 1923, pend- ing completion of a new drill boat suitable for the work, and was resumed March 18, 1924. Dredging operations were commenced May 8, 1924, and were suspended May 24, 1924, so as to permit the resump- tion of drilling operations. The work has been to a great extent limited to breaking up rock in a section of the reef, the depth of water over which prevented the use of the usual type of rock re- moval plant. -The work done to July 1, 1924, has resulted in drilling and blasting 47,110 square feet in area of this obstructing part of the reef and in excavating about 20,100 square feet of the reef to the required depth of 35 feet. None of the work done has as yet been of any appreciable benefit to navigation. Coenties reef.-No work was done. The expenditures, amounting to $318.29, were in payment of office expenses pertaining to the main- tenance of the improvement. The U. S. dipper dredge Hell Gate, constructed under contract, was accepted October 9, 1923, subject to the completion of certain specified alterations and repairs; final settlement had not been ef- fected up to the close of the fis cal year. The U. S. drill boat Corlear, constructed under contract, was finally accepted January 9, 1924. The following work was done by the use of Government plant and hire of labor : The U. S. dipper dredge Hell Gate was employed in deepening the east channel of Blackwell's Island to project depth of 30 feet. A total of 114,633 cubic yards of material was removed, completing approximately one-third of the area to be covered. 214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The dredge Hell Gate was also employed on Lower Shell Reef in the removal of the rock drilled and blasted by the U. S. drill boat Corlear. A total of 14,638.6 cubic yards of blasted rock was removed and disposed of. The U. S. drill boat Corlear was employed on rock removal by drilling and blasting in Lower Shell Reef to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water. Up to the close of the fiscal year, 691 holes, with a total penetration of 9,766.3 linear feet and covering an area of 78,180 square feet, had been drilled and blasted. A number of bowlders and fragments of rock obstructing naviga- tion in Jay Street Reef and in the section of Shell Reef between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets, as also several large bowlders endangering navigation in the Diamond Reef Channel, were re- moved to the depth of the surrounding bottom. There were removed and disposed of 34,900 cubic feet of drift material. (See report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 237.) Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were investigated. Surveys were made to locate reported obstructions, to secure data needed for preparing plans for the projected channel and for deep- ening the approaches to wharves, and to supply details pertaining to contractors' operations. The total expenditures amounted to $1,915,925.64-$1,884,407.90 for new work and $31,517.74 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Under the previous project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, as modified and enlarged, about 631/2 per cent of the work contemplated therein had been completed up to the date of the adoption of the existing project, August 8, 1917. The construction of the dike at Mill Rock was completed by the United States in 1882, and the dike at Bread and Cheese Reef was completed by the city of New York in 1881. No further work thereunder is contemplated. Under the existing project drilling and blasting operations in Coenties Reef are thought to be completed, and about 75 per cent of the blasted rock has been removed; a channel of navigable width and 34 feet depth at mean low water has been excavated from deep water in the Upper Bay to deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; a rock cut through Diamond Reef adjacent to the southern limiting line of the projected channel 40 feet deep and about 150 feet wide has been completed; a reef situated in about midstream off Old Slip and directly over a tunnel connecting Old Slip, Man- hattan, with Clark Street, Brooklyn, has been removed to a depth of 40 feet; a rock shoal in about midstream off Pier 8, Manhattan, and another off Pier 15, Brooklyn, have been removed to a depth of 40 feet, except for the removal of a few minor shoal points; lower Shell Reef, between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets, has been excavated to a depth of 25 feet by dredging except where obstructed by ledge rock and scattering points of imbedded bowlders projecting :slightly above the project depth of 25 feet; upper Shell Reef, be- tween East Fifteenth and East Twenty-sixth Streets, has been deep- ened to the project depth of 25 feet; high points in Jay Street Reef, along the Brooklyn shore between Manhattan Bridge and the Brook- lyn Navy Yard, have been removed so that there is now a least avail- able depth over this reef of 14.5 to 23 feet along the pierhead line, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 215, gradually increasing to 18 feet and over at a distance of 175 feet channelwards from the pierhead line; a channel 40 feet deep and 600 feet wide has been excavated off the mouth of Newtown Creek and connects deep water off East Twentieth Street with deep water in the west channel off East Thirtieth Street, Manhattan; a reef off East Thirty-second Street with least original depth of 28.7 feet has been removed to a depth of 40 feet; Pot Rock, in Hell Gate, has been removed to a depth of 35 feet; a rock cut 500 feet wide and 35 feet deep has been completed through Hallets Point and Frying Pan Reefs; and the channel of 35 feet depth on the easterly side of Middle Ground has been widened by 120 feet. There is now available for navigation a channel 34 feet deep and of navigable width connecting deep water in the Upper Bay with deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; thence a channel 40 feet and over in depth and of varying but navigable width is available up to Hell Gate; the controlling depth through Hell Gate is 26 feet at mean low water; thence to Clason Point, 40 feet. and thence to Throgs Neck at Long Island Sound, 37 feet. As a result of the work done under all projects, rocks and reefs have been removed to the depths shown in the following table: Distance Least Former Present by water Least Locality present projected projected from original depth depth depth depth Battery Miles Feet Feet Feet Feet 1. B attery R eef 1__..-__ --......... .......... 2. South Ferry Reef 1___---_................. 0 0 12. 8 17 26 18 19 26 26 3. Diamond Reef 1________ 15. 7 20. 3 25 25 4. Reef offDiamond Reef 1___________________ 19 26 26 26 5. Coenties Reef 2__ 14. 3 30. 7 26 40 6. Fulton Ferry Reef 1__________________ 12 12 25 _ 1%-2 7. Jay Street Reef 1..___ __ -------- -------- 14. 5 25 8. Corlears Reef 1 __ 2 11. 8 11.8 35 9. Third Street Reef 3_________________________ 3 15. 9 16. 7 19 25 10. Shell Reef 3 " 2%-4 7. 5 15. 5 18 25 11. Pilgrim Rock _______ 24 12 25 26 25 12. Twenty-sixth Street Reef 4 4 16. 1 25 26 25 13. Charlotte Reef ______________ 14. 7 26 26 30 14. Thirty-second Street Reef__________________ 4% 28. 7 40 26 40 15. Ferry Reef 6__ 4 7 23 26 35 16. Man-of-War Rock 3_______________________ 4% +0. 8 26 26 26 17. Horns Hook Reef - 7 22 22 40 18. Rhinelander Reef 7%2 9. 4 9. 4 26 26 19. Middle Reef 1_ -___ 7%4 +6 26 26 35 20. Heel Tap Rock_ 73 12. 1 20. 5 26 21. Hallets Point Reef 2. 7%2 +4 26 26 35 22. Frying Pan Reef _______________________ 74 9 26 26 35 23. Pot Rock 2 - 8 8 35 26 35 24. Shell Drake Rock -- - 8 8 26 26 35 25. Ways Reef 1- .............. -- 5 26 26 26 26. Negro Point Reef 1___ 9 +0. 0 S0.O0 26 35 27. Reef C 1 9% 33. 7 33.7 40 28. Middle Ground 2______ _________________ 10 11 14. 5 26 35 29. Reef offNorth Brother Island 2________ 16 24 26 35 30. North point of North Brother Island 114 4. 3 4. 3 35 31. Reef offOak Point ........................ 11% 12. 6 12. 6 30 32. Rocks offBarretto Point 2__________________ 113 21. 1 35 33. Barretto Reef 2______________ 11%4 17 26 26 35 1 Such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the project depth of 40 feet. 2 Cost of removal to 35 feet depth to be paid by United States; local interests to pay for cost of work below that depth. 3 Such parts of these reefs as project into proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the project depth of 35 feet. 4Included in area No. 10 (Shell Reef) to be deepened to 25 feet. 5 Included in proposed deep-water channel east of Blackwells Island for removal to the project depth of 30 feet. 6 Included in proposed deep-water channel for removal to project depth of 35 feet. 216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 About 21 per cent of the work covered by the existing project is completed. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $10,058,340.98-$9,950,018.73 for new work and $108,- 322.25 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $5,579,459.02. With this it is proposed to continue operations under contracts now in force, to enter into new contracts, and to operate Government plant, as described in detail below, in the amounts stated, which amounts include supervision: Work under existing contracts (a) Contract for dredging a channel 40 feet deep and 200 feet wide through Diamond Reef Shoal and for the removal of two shoals to the eastward of said cut; this work should be completed January, 1925. Balance pledged under con- tract-____-__________ $443, 000. 00 (b) Completion of contract as modified by supplemental agree- ment for excavating a channel 35 feet deep and 240 feet wide through Middle Ground off Sunken Meadow, which should be completed March, 1929. Balance pledged under contract - - - -_- ___- 944, 000. 00 (c) Contract for removal of part of Negro Point in Hell Gate to depth of 35 feet, which should be completed September, 1925. Balance pledged under contract 519, 000. 00 (d) Contract for removal of a section of Middle Reef in Hell Gate from 180 to 350 feet wide to a depth of 35 feet, which should be completed March, 1929. Balance pledged under contract_-_____ - __________----------- 1, 342, 000. 00 Work under vnew contracts It is proposed to enter into new contracts for work as follows: (e) Excavation of the section of Corlears Reef lying within the limits of the main channel to a depth of 40 feet and a section immediately adjacent to the channel to a depth of 35 feet -- __$1, ------------------------ ---- 100, 000.00 This work should cover a period of about 18 months. (f) Removal of Ferry Reef and reef off North Brother Island to a depth of 35 feet _ _- 270, 000. 00 This work should cover a period of nine months. Work by Government plant (g) Operation of drill boat Corlear, dredge Hell Gate, and derrick boat No. 101, for 12 months in the removal of rock shoals between Brooklyn Navy Yard and Newtown Creek------ $800, 000. 00 (h) Operation of two steam lighters for 4 months in the removal of drift 5, 000. 00 1----------------------------- (i) Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies----------------- 146, 459. 02 Total ------------------------------------------ 5, 579, 459. 02 The sum of $2,500,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to- (a) Widen, under contract, the channel through Diamond Reef Shoal, by 200 feet and to a depth of 40 feet___________ $1, 300, 000. 00 (b) Complete the removal of ledge rock in Shell Reef to a depth of 25 feet, by contract------------------------------- 250, 000. 00 (c) Operate drill boat Corlear, dredge Hell Gate, and derrick boat No. 101, in the removal of rocks and obstructive shoals between the Battery and Hunts Point --- ____ 750, 000. 00 (d) Reserve for general expense, surveys, and contingencies___. 200, 000. 00 Total -------------------- ---------------------- 2, 500, 000. 00 RIVERS AND IARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 217 There is great congestion in the vicinity of Diamond Reef Shoal and only a limited amount of plant can be used in this area at one time. The congestion seems to constantly grow worse. It is there- fore important to prosecute the work in Diamond Reef Channel just as rapidly as can possibly be done. The city of New York is handi- capped in the use of certain piers by the limiting depths now avail- able at Shell Reef and it is therefore desirable to bring this work to completion as soon as possible without needlessly hindering the navigation of the river. The work reserved for Government plant consists of more or less isolated shoals which can not advantageously be removed by contract on account of the high prices that would probably be demanded. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of coal, building material, petroleum products, foodstuffs, ashes, and general merchandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons : Value Passengers 1919 1 ..---------------------------------. 53, 414, 30,710, ? 753 $4, 099, 494, 175 144 I 1,959, 290, 999 35, 622, 401 1920 2. . . . . . 36, 141, 379 1921 2_ 32, 071, 134 1, 881,199, 647 37, 504, 827 1922 2---_---- - - -- -_----------_---- 22, 592, 635 1, 363, 341, 166 38, 434, 514 1923 2--- 29, 312, 206 1, 840, 823, 716 36, 367, 517 1 Includes car ferry traffic and cargoes in transit, which are impractical to separate. 2 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1920 -- - - - - - - 9, 262, 859 $2, 778, 857, 700 16, 785, 860 $988, 454,778 1921---- --------- ----------------------- ---------------------- 8, 693, 377 2, 608, 013, 100 18, 767, 647 897, 680, 983 1922 - ..... .... .... ----------------------- 10, 894, 347 3, 268, 304,100 22, 498, 106 1, 519, 854, 332 1923............... ----------------------- i 6, 354, 593 1, 906, 377, 900 24, 759, 830 915, 586, 601 The low tonnage in 1922, as compared with 1920 and 1923 is due mainly to a decrease in the amount of coal handled, due to miners' strike. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent of limit of Per cent of limit of Class of freight carried total ton- loaded Class of freight carried total ton- loaded na tge draft nage draft of vessel of vessel Feet Feet Building material- .- _-. 30. 4 430 Foodstuffs ..... _....... 6. 3 5-30 Coal-------........._ 24.2 5-15 Ashes - - - 8. 5 6-10 Petroleum products ...-... 10 5-15 General merchandise 4. 6 6-30 218 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial sum.m1ary EAST RIVER, N. Y. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc.. amounting to $31,026.58: New work-------------------------------------------$16, 056, 598.30 Maintenance _-- --- _143, _ 457. 29 Net total expended- - - -- - - 16, 200, 055. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report- - - 21, 779, 514. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I .....- $1, 155, 817. 90 $2, 232, 143. 97 $2, 002, 656. 73 $1, 824, 565.00 i $1, 884, 407. 90 Expended for maintenance 1 7, 203. 49 12, 842. 94 44, 149. 15 29, 902. 02 31, 199. 45 Total expended 1 1, 163, 021. 39 2, 244, 986. 91 2, 046, 805.88 21, 834, 467.02 1,915,607. 35 Appropriated or allotted 100, 00. 00 000 000. 00 2, 74, 00.002, 450, 987. 54 Ippnri~cd T_o ~ alotfd... I ;R W 06~1.7*00UD f 2~ g; July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - S5,043, 453. 49 Amount transferred from Coenties Reef __ 31, 187. 54 Amount allotted from'War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 .... _ 2, 419, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_ 625. 34 7, 495, 066. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work ..-- $1, 884, 407. 90 For maintenance__ 31, 199. 45 1, 915, 607. 35 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended - 5, 579, 459. 02, July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities _ 457, 714. 31 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ______-_---__ _ -_ -- 2, 745, 501. 17 3, 203, 215. 48 July 1, 1924, balance available- 2, 376, 243. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project_ _--_---_------------------- ---- 3 31, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work____ ------ 32, 500, 000. 00 COENTIFS REEF Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.25: New work _---------------- $94, 975. 52 Maintenance_ __-- _ _ 2, 528. 91 Net total expended_____________ ____ _. __ 97, 504. 43 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------- 97, 504. 43 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Correction of 1 cent due to erroneous disbursements ($1,834,467.03) shown in preceding report instead of correct amount $1,834,467.02. s Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 219 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 ----- $5, 535. 25 $10, 860. 11 Expended for maintenance 1_.... $1, 146. 21 487. 11 $577. 30 $318. 29 Total expended 1......... 1, 146. 21 6, 022. 36 577. 30 10, 860. 11 318. 29 -- - =i--------------- Appropriated or allotted __. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- - $31, 505. 83 Deduction on account of transfer to East River--- __ 31, 187. 54 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 318. 29 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR EAST RIVER, N. Y. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $31,041.83: New work __-_____ --- - $16, 151, 573. 82 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 145, 986. 20 Net total expended __ 16, 297, 560. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 21, 877, 019. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- Expended for maintenance _ ---- $1, 155, 817. 90 8, 349. 70 $2, 237, 679. 22 $2, 002, 656. 73 $1, 835, 425. 11 13, 330. 05 44, 726. 45 9, 902. 02 $1, 884, 407. 90 31, 517. 74 Total expended 1.... 1, 164, 187. 60 2, 251, 009.27 2, 047, 383. 18 1, 845, 327. 13 1, 915, 925. 64 Appropriated or allotted ...... ---- - - - - 100, 000. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 2, 704, 000. 00 2, 419, 800. 00 I I I July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - - ______ $5, 074, 959. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 - ___ -__ _ - ______-_ 2, 419, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_____________ 625. 34 7, 495. 384. 66 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__--- $1, 884, 407. 90 For maintenance 31, 517.74 1, 915, 925. 64 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 5, 579, 459. 02 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities- 457, 714. 31 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts __- 2, 745, 501. 17 3, 203, 215. 48 July 1, 1924, balance available _ ____________ ___ 2, 376, 243. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for com- pletion of existing project_______________________________ -31, 000,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work------------------------------ 22, 500, 000. 00 11Not deduting r~eipts from slales, etc. 2' Exclusive lf available~l funds. 220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 23. WALLABOUT CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.--This channel is a tidal branch of East River, N. Y., about 2.5 miles by water northeast of the Battery. It is located on the east side of the river in the bight of a bend, behind what was formerly an island known as Cob Dock, and is divided by a stone causeway, the property of the United States, into a north and a south section. The north section is the one under improvement by the United States. It is 230 to 350 feet wide and 2,000 feet long The south section is utilized by the United States as a navy yard. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-The channel was about 15 feet deep at mean low water and from 40 to 160 feet wide. The length from East River to the stone causeway was and is about 0.4 mile, and thence Wal- labout Basin, a small arm, extended southwardly about 1,300 feet to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water, 230 to 350 feet wide, and about 2,000 feet long. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.7 feet; irregular fluctations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 4 feet below to about 8 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $40,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 50, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None required by law. From time to time local interests have done minor dredging in front of their own wharves. Terminal facilities.-The entire channel front is occupied by 5 piers, 27 bulkheads, 1 railroad float bridge, and 1 open pile platform; the total available dockage is 12,700 feet. Eighteen of these termi- nals are owned by the city of New York, three by a railroad com- pany, one by a rapid-transit railroad company, one by a gas com- pany, and the remainder by private individuals or corporations. Three have railroad connections and six are open to the public. The terminals are used mainly for the delivery and storage of local supplies, such as building materials, coal, ice, farm products, and general merchandise; they are equipped with cargo-handling facili- ties, suited to the character of freight handled, and which appear to be adequate under existing conditions. There is no space left avail- able for the construction of additional terminals. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Wallabout Channel lies within the limits of the port dis- trict as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N.- Y., DISTRICT 221 Effect of improvement. This channel has opened up a consider- able water front which is utilized to its full capacity, and has ren- dered transportation easier and better. It serves a good purpose as a terminal for the interchange of freight from water carriage to land carriage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was unnecessary. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1900. The channel has been enlarged from a depth of 15 feet at mean low water, with widths of 40 to 160 feet, to a depth of 20 feet, with widths of 230 to, 350 feet. The controlling depth through the chan- nel, as shown by soundings taken in June, 1921, was 20 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $36,700; $18,173.69 for new work and $18,526.31 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds, were available on June 30, 1924. No funds can be,profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, because the project has been completed and it is not antici- pated that any maintenance work will be necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 __ 2, 625, 186 $105, 935, 827 1922 1----- 1,628, 683 $20, 429, 512 1920 1_. . . i 1, 694, 152 30, 291, 785 1923 1 . . . 1,874,806 29,349, 397 1921 1 - 1,586,398 52,351,645 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Car ferry Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1920 ... _ 517,432 $155,229,600 1922______- ___ ____. __ 572,178 $171,653,400 1921--- -- - 300,892 90,267,600 1923--- ----- 447,362 134,208,600 Passengers carried, none. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet Building material ..... 25.0 4-14 Ashes . ___ 23.7 6-14 Coal__44.8 5-10 222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.50: New work ----------------------------------------- $18, 173.69 Maintenance ------- -------------------------------- 18, 526. 31 Net total expended- _ .-------36, 700. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report .. .--- - 36, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .-.. . .-.. . Expended for maintenance 1I_ $17. 42 . $24.46 $22. 69 $235.43 Appropriated or allotted 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 24. NEWTOWN CREEK, N. Y. Locatio'n and description.-Newtown Creek is a tidal arm of East River, N. Y., and forms a part of the boundary between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York City. The mouth of the Creek is nearly opposite Thirty-fourth Street, Manhattan, and 4 miles northeast from the Battery. Its length is about 4 miles, with widths varying from 125 to 800 feet. About 234 miles above its mouth it divides into two branches, termed the, East Branch and English Kills or West Branch. About 4,000 feet above the mouth a tribu- tary, Dutch Kills, 4,450 feet long, enters the creek from the east, and almost directly opposite another tributary, Whale Creek, 2,000 feet long, enters it from the west. Maspeth Creek, 3,550 feet long, branches off to the southeastward 21 miles above the mouth of the creek. Mussel Island, included in the existing project for removal, is situated just above the junction of Maspeth Creek with the main stream. The drainage area embraces about 7 square miles, for the most part densely built up to the banks of the creek. (See, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-In 1857 the creek varied in width from 140 to 1,200 feet. Depths ranged from 0 to 17 feet at mean lorw water. The head of navigation in both branches for a 6-foot draft was at Metropolitan Avenue; the head of navigation in the West Branch is now about 2,500 feet south of a drawbridge at Metropolitan Avenue; the head of navigation in the East Branch remains unchanged. The total length, including tributaries, was about 5.7 miles. By 1880 the mouth of the creek had shoaled to 12.5 feet. Previous project.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and was modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and June 3, 1896. A total of $527,530.58 had been expended on the modified project prior to the adoption of the existing project on March 2, 1919. The amount spent for new work and for maintenance can not be separately stated with accuracy, the division in the early years being indeterminable. An approximate estimate is that $401,260.51 were applied to new work and $126,270.07 to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST: NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 223 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water in Newtown Creek, including Dutch Kills, Maspeth Creek, and English Kills, and of the following widths: 250 feet wide at the entrance to Newtown Creek, narrolwing to 150 feet, and con- tinuing with this width to Grand Street Bridge on the East Branch, and thence 125 feet wide to Metropolitan Avenue on said branch, including the removal of Mussel Island; 150 feet wide in English Kills, or West Branch, to the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge across said branch, including the easing of bends; 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,000 feet up Maspeth Creek: and 75 to 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,800 feet up Dutch Kills, with a turning basin at the head, and for the collection and removal of drift. The total length of channel included in the project is about 25,000 feet. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.8 feet; irregular fluctuations, due mainly to, wind direction and force, vary from about 4 feet below to about 8 feet above mean low water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1915, is $510,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1915) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $18,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 936, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The collec- tion and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 237 of this report). A modification of harbor lines in the vicinity of Mussel Island was approved by the Secretary of War January 21, 1920, and a con- cordant minor modification of the project without change in the estimate of cost was approved by authority of the Secretary of War March 22, 1920. The latest published map is in the project document. Reconmmended modifieations of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that all land needed for this improvement be furnished without cost to the United States, and provides that no work shall be done in Maspeth Creek, in the removal of Mussel Island, or in English Kills until this has been done and corresponding changes made in existing harbor lines; also that no work shall be undertaken under the existing project in Dutch Kills until the obstructive bridges near its mouth have been suitably modified. The lands needed for right of way in Maspeth Creek and part of the Mussel Island area below high water have been ceded to the United States by deed dated April 7, 1923. Title to these lands has not yet been approved by the Attorney General. The conditions governing the transfer to the United States of the remaining part of the Mussel Island area are in process of adjustment; no action has been taken by the local authorities leading to the cession of the land needed for right of way above Mussel Island. The work of modifying the bridges near the mouth of Dutch Kills has been practically com- pleted. Local interests at various times provided for maintenance dredging in front of their wharves. Such interests have also ex- pended large sums in extending the channel in the west branch from the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge southward, a distance of about 10710-EN 1924-15 224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 2,500 feet, to the present head of navigation at Johnson Avenue. This extension is about 160 feet wide and 6 to 12 feet deep at mean low water. Extensive bulkheading, dredging, and filling has been done in the Dutch Kills branch. Terminal facilities.-The length of water front measured along both sides of the projected improvement is 81/2 miles, of which 61/2 miles are bulkheaded and 2 miles, near the head of the stream, are yet undeveloped. The total available dockage is 56,125 feet, of which the State of New York owns 450 feet as a barge canal termi- nal, the city of New York owns 2,040 feet, a rapid transit railroad company owns 510 feet, and 6,500 feet are owned by railroad com- panies. The remainder, 46,625 feet, is owned by firms and corpora- tions doing business on the creek. Twelve terminals have railroad connection, and three, two of which are owned by the city of New York and one by the State of New York and used as a barge canal terminal, are open to the public. The narrowness of the waterway, except at the mouth of the creek, prohibits construction of projecting piers. The commerce of Newtown Creek consists chiefly of fuel, building and road material, copper and steel, chemicals, mineral oils, and fertilizers; it is handled to and from lighters and barges generally by steam derricks and hoists. All terminals connect with city highways in fair condition; those on the north side of the creek have ready access to the Long Island Railroad tracks. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Newtown Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port. of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth has greatly reduced freight rates by making the landings accessible to vessels of greater draft and carrying larger cargoes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations under con- tract and informal agreement for dredging .in Dutch Kills, in prog- ress June 30, 1923, were completed November 30, 1923. This work resulted in the excavation of a channel of project dimensions from the main channel in Newtown Creek up to the turning basin, and deepening the turning basin to project depth, except immediately adjacent to some of the bulkheads which were not in condition to warrant the removal of any material from along their faces. Since the completion of the above work, shoaling has reduced the depth to 18 feet at mean low water in scattered sections of the dredged area. There were removed and disposed of 4,200 cubic feet of drift ma- terial. (See report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 237.) The total expenditures during the year amounted to $88,846.72- $87,914.34 for new work and $932.38 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 55 per cent com- pleted. As the result of work done under the project a depth of 20 feet at mean low water exists through the main channel from deep water in East River up to Hobson Avenue; the project width and depth are available to navigation, except at a few places along RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 225 the edge of the dredged channel and over a considerable width of channel just below Hobson Avenue, where material has either fallen into the channel from side slopes or has been forced into the channel by vessels arriving at and departing from their berths along the waterfront,. In Dutch Kills channel and turning basin the available depth is 18 feet. When last examined in 1915, the controlling depth at mean low water above Hobson Avenue to the head of the improvement in both branches was 14 feet and in Maspeth Creek 8 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project con- sists in extending the main channel improvement above Hobson Avenue to the head of the improvement in both branches, and in dredging Maspeth Creek to project dimensions. The total ex- penditures under the existing project amounted to $306,465.64-- $279,844.07 for new work and $26,621.57 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924. was $511903.78. With this it is proposed to operate pipe-line dredge Clinton for a period of four months in dredging the first portion of the channel to be constructed in Maspeth Creek. The sum of $100,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to operate pipe-line dredge Clinton seven months in the removal of Mussel Island and in dredging a portion of the channel south thereof. Newtown Creek serves an important industrial area and the work proposed for the fiscal year 1926 is needed in order to permit, the development for .industrial purposes of additional land on Newtown Creek. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of coal, building material, petroleum products, cop- per, chemicals, and ashes. The entire channel is used and improve- ment has greatly facilitated traffic. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919. 4, 733, 235 $211,599,458 1922 -----................ 4, 169, 967 $180,535, 963 1920_ 3, 532, 246 214,717, 005 1923 -------------- 6, 761,341 445,033,747 1921--------------------- 4, 628, 366 169, 425, 525 Passengers carried, none. The increase in tonnage in 1923 is due mainly to an increase in the tonnage of building material transported through this waterway. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet I Feet Coal- .- . . . . . . 13.5 5-20 Copper -- -.-.-----.. 6.4 5-14 Building material . 39. 2 4-}20 Chemicals - 1.4 5-14 Petroleum products .... 17.4 6;-14 Ashes 5. 7 5-12 226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to Junre 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $436.12: New work ---------------------------------------------- $681, 104. 58 Maintenance____________________________ 152, 891. 64 Net total expended ------------------------------------- 833, 996. 22 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------885, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1_-- $2, 388. 75 $848. 44 $72, 502. 45 $116, 169. 48 $87,914.34 Expended for maintenance ----- -_- 2, 974. 38 20, 699. 80 2, 015. 01 932. 38 Total expended I__....... 2, 388. 75 3, 822. 82 93, 202. 25 118, 184. 49 1 88, 846. 72 Appropriated or allotted. - .-. 80, 000.00 100,000. 00 50,000.000- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- $190, 745.50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ____________________ ---- _____ _ 50, 000. 00 Receipts from sales. etc., during fiscal year 1924-----------------_ 5. 00 240, 750. 50 Deduction on account of transfer to Hudson River channel ----.. 100, 000. 00 140, 750. 50 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__-- - $87, 914. 34 For maintenance - - ------ ___ 932. 38 88. 846. 72 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------------51, 903. 78 July 1, 1924, outstanding liailiti __ __ 159. 08 July 1. 1921, balance available---------- 51, 744. 70 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ....... _ _____---------- 2178, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitaly expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work _ 2100, 000. 00 25. HARLEM RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.--Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, both included in the project for the improvement of Harlem River, are two tidal waterways, of a joint length of about 8 miles, which join at Kingsbridge. They lie wholly within the limits of Greater New York and separate Manhattan Island from the main- land. The East River entrance is about 81/2 milest northeast of the Battery, New York City, and the Hudson River entrance about 13/2 miles north of the Battery. Harlem River also connects with East River by way of Little Hell Gate, between Wards and Randalls Islands, and by way of Bronx (Harlem) Kills, between Randalls Island and the mainland. These channels are not used by naviga- tors, being shoal, rocky, and windifig, with strong tidal currents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) SNot deducting receipts fron sales, etc. ' Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 227 Original condition.-Harlem River varied in width from about 300 to 1,500 feet. It had an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water from East River to Morris Dock, except at Highbridge, where it was only 6 feet deep. From Morris Dock to Fordham Landing there was a crooked channel 7 feet deep, and above the latter place the river could be used only by the smallest class of vessels. The width of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was about 150 feet at its head and about 1,000 feet near its mouth; it had a least mean low-water depth of about 4 feet from Kingsbridge to Hudson River; above Kingsbridge the depth gradually diminished to less than 1 foot at the head of the creek. A narrow channel at the junction of the two streams was ob- structed by a ledge of rock awash at low tide. In 1875 the mean tidal range at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was 3.91 feet, and at Fordham bridge, a short distance south of Broadway Bridge, it was 6.03 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. There was ex- pended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1887, $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a continuous channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from East River to Hud- son River, except at Washington Bridge, where the adopted width is 354 feet, and at the rock cut through Dyckmans s Meadow, where it is 350 feet and the depth 18 feet. It also provides for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works by making a cut 15 feet deep and 400 feet wide, and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of channel included in the project is about 8 miles. The mean tidal range varies, according to locality, from 5 feet at Mill Rock to 3.7 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge; range of spring tides, from 6.6 feet at Hell Gate to 5.2 feet at Broadway (Kings) Bridge. Irregn- lar fluctuations, due mainly to the direction and force of winds, are estimated to vary from 10 feet above and 3 feet below mean low water at Hell Gate to 71 feet above and 31/2 feet below mean low water at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1913, is $3,550,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was abopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878 (H. Doc. No. 75, pt. 9, 43d Cong., 2d sess.). It was modified in 1879, 1886, and 1893, and enlarged by the river and har- bor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 557, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and Aug-ust 8, 1917 (see p. 237 of this report). For latest published map see page 1644 of Annual IRe- port for 1913. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopting the existing project, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, provided that the necessary right of way should be provided free of cost to the United States before work was begun. This pro- 228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGTNEERS, i. S. ARMY, 1924 vision was complied with by the State of N ew York, which procured the necessary lands and completed their transfer to the United States in May, 1887. 'A similar provision is contained in the river and har- bor act of March 4, 1913, authorizing the straightening" of the chan- nel at Johnson Iron Works. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provides for the cession to the State of the land occupied by the present channel at that point, after the right of way for the cut-off has been provided and the new channel completed. A description of the lands required, with map, has been furnished the State of New York. By act approved April 1, 1922, by the Governor of the State of New York (chap. 407, Laws of New York), the State of New York appropriated $1,500,000 "to enable the State to purchase the right of way necessary for the improvement of the Harlem River and the Spuyten Duyvil Creek from the North River to the East River through the Harlem Kills "; under the authority thus granted the State authorities are negotiating the purchase of the lands needed for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works; it is expected that these negotiations will soon be concluded and title to the lands transferred to the State of New York by deed; it is pro- posed to vest title in the United States promptly thereafter. On January 21, 1921, the Board of Estimate of the City of New York authorized the issuance of corporate stock in the sum of $900,000 for the reconstruction of High Bridge, the river piers of which obstruct navigation. Since then several plans for reconstruct- ing the bridge have been under consideration by the board; several public hearings were held, and finally on June 29, 1923, the Board of Estimate and Apportionment adopted a resolution approving the remodeling of the bridge so as to remove three piers and four arches and to substitute a steel arch therefor, at an estimated cost of $1,225,000. An examination of the river bed by borings taken along the line of the bridge piers to determine the character of the bed rock and of the material overlying it was completed October 18, 1922. Plans for the reconstruction of High Bridge, as outlined above, submitted by the department of plant and structures of the city of New York, were approved by the Secretary of War, March 21, 1924. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front measured along both shores of the Harlem River is about 16 miles; of this length topographical features render 4 miles unavailable for com- mercial use. About 5 miles in length of water front have been de- veloped by the construction of piers, wharves, and bulkheads with a total available dockage of 42,800 feet, of which 15,175 feet are owned by the city of New York and 700 feet are owned by the State of New York, the latter as a barge canal terminal. Of the terminals owned by the city some are open to the public on equal terms, some are leased for commercial use, and a few are used by city departments. Such additional terminals are built from time to time by the public authorities as are needed to keep pace. with the growing commerce. Privately owned and leased terminals, four of which are open to the public, are used exclusively for commercial purposes. Ten terminals have railroad connections, nine of which are owned by the railroads and one by a private corporation. The Harlem River is navigated mainly by barges and canal boats without masts and by RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 229 tugboats with low stacks; sailing vessels seldom navigate the river because of delays at bridge draws. The method of freight handling varies, according to the character of the commodity contained in the cargo, from steam derricks or telphers to hand trucks. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condition. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Harlem River lies within the limits of the port district, as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report.) Effect of improvement. The opening of Harlem River to naviga- tion has resulted in greatly increasing the areas of Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, to which heavy freight can be brought by water with a marked saving in cost. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. No work of channel improvement has been done since 1917, pending the removal of piers obstructing navigation at High Bridge (see under Local cooperation); dredging for maintenance was not urgently necessary. There were removed and disposed of 3,900 cubic feet of drift material. (See report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 237.) Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were investigated. The total expenditures during the year, including the, payment of outstanding liabilities, amounted to $2,316.42; all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 58 per cent of the, work proposed under the existing project has been completed. A channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide has been excavated from the East River to Putnam railroad bridge except at a few points where shoals project islightly into the channel and at Macombs Dam Bridge, where the available depth is 12 feet in the westerly draw channel and 11 feet for a width of 100 feet in the easterly draw channel. From the Putnam railroad bridge to the Hudson River the chan- nel has been excavated to a. depth of 15 feet and width of from about 150 feet to 350 feet. The available depth for navigation through the Harlem River is estimated at 15 feet at mean low water, except at Macombs Dam Bridge, where it is not more than 12 feet. An examination of the channel in the vicinity of Broadway Bridge showed that considerable, shoaling had t;aken place at that point since the last dredging; a channel of project depth and navigable width was, however, still available. The widths of channels through bridge draws are 98 to 100 feet. Approximately midway between the East and Hudson Rivers navigation is obstructed by the piers of High Bridge (see under Local cooperation). These cause eddies and high current velocities; limit the lorizontal clearance for ves- sels, measured on a line, normal to the channel, to about 44 feet; render navigation through the bridge hazardous for the smaller class of vessels; and for vessels of commercial size they render the stream practically useless as a, through waterway. The larger commercial vessels using the section of the. river north of the bridge as a, rule enter and leave by way of the Hudson River, and those using the section south of it enter and leave by way of the East River. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of some 230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 dredging to, remove a few small shoal points projecting slightly into the channel between Madison Avenue and Macombs Dam Bridges, deepening both draw channels at Macombs Dam Bridge, widening the dredged channel between Macombs Dam Bridge and the Hudson River, and straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works; this latter work is awaiting the transfer of lands for right of way (see under Local cooperation). The total expenditures under the exist- ing project amounted to $2,151,376.98-$2,096,491.42 for new work and $54,885.56 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $141,578.84. Further work of improvement in the Harlem River has been awaiting the removal of certain of the piers of High Bridge which obstruct through navigation, and the transfer of lands to the United States for the necessary right of way in straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works. It is expected that the city of New York will enter into contract for modification of High Bridge by the removal of these obstructing piers within the next few months. and the State of New York is in a position to cede, to the United States the necessary right of way at Johnson Iron Works, the transfer of which lands will, without question, be completed prior to June 30, 1925. The unexpended balance, as above given, is in- sufficient to cover the cost of all work that should be included under a single contract if reasonable prices are to be expected. It is there- fore proposed to defer further work of channel improvement until additional funds have been provided. The sum of $400,000, in addition to the balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, in prosecuting work of improvement at and between Macombs Dam Bridge and Broadway Bridge and in commencing the work of straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of coal, building material, petroleum products, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1919.-------- 5,253,514 $475,290,714 668,693 1922 1- $148,702,1441,949, 5,457,234 021 19201 3, 888,243 72, 985, 664 1, 020,903 19231 - 7, 766, 626 270, 880, 669 1,425, 387 19211 -... 4, 680, 040 86, 136, 864 1, 695, 079 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry General ferry Cargoes in transit Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1920... .. ...........------------------------- 1,601, 289 $480, 384, 000 4, 311 670 .. $496, . ----------- ------------- 5,015 1921....................------------------------------- 687,951 158 $2,425 1922_ _------------ - i._ -- 1, 852,878 555,863,400 19,159 735,763 1,202 55,492 1923 ------------------------------ 309,673 92, 901, 900 6, 644 1,647,667 21, 893 26,877 The decrease in car ferry traffic in 1923 as compared with previous years is due to incomplete reports of car ferry traffic through this waterway. 'RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 231 The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet Building material ......... 21.4 6-16 Petroleum products- .... 3. 3 6-10 Coal_.............. _____ . 45. 4 4-16 Ashes------------ -------- 13. 5 10 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,689.55: New work -------------- $2, 117, 491. 42 M aintenance --------------------------------------- 54, 885. 56 Net total expended__ 2, 172, 376. 98 Total appropriations to date of this report--- 2, 313, 955. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $720. 03 $3.,879. 46 ------,---- Expended for maintenance 1---- $2, 330. 89 $2, 818. 32 3, 899. 65 3, 676. 37 $2, 316.42 Total expended 1- 2, 330. 89 2, 818. 32 4, 619. 68 7, 555. 83 2,316. 42 Appropriated or allotted_________ . _____ ____ ____________I-......... 250, 000. 00 ---------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ______-- -_--- _ $393, 878. 61 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-__ _ 16. 65 393, 895. 26 Deduction on account of transfer to East River -_ 250, 000. 00 143, 895. 26 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, foir main- tenance - _-- 2,316. 42 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 141. 578. 84 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities - 112. 32 July 1, 1924, balance available__________ 141, 466. 52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__------------------- 21, 312, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work___________________________ 2400, 000. 00 26. HUDSON RIVER CHANNEL, NEW YORK HARBOR Location and description.-Hudson River empties into the Upper Bay of New York Harbor at the Battery, New York City. The section included under this title extends from a line joining the Battery and Ellis Island to the northern limits of New York City, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 10710ENG 1924- 16 232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 a distance of about 16 miles. The width between pierhead lines is 3,900 feet at the Battery, gradually decreasing to 2,750 feet at West Fourteenth Street and 2,725 feet at West Fifty-ninth Street: thence increasing to 5,400 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which width it maintains to the northern boundary of New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--The width was greater than at present, wide stretches of shallows along both banks having been long since re- claimed and devoted to urban purposes. Few changes in the depth of the deep-water channel are noted, except in the narrow reach between Hoboken and the Chelsea district of New York (vicinity of West Nineteenth Street), where the contraction has been so great as to cause scour on the bottom. These contractions were made mainly before 1890, when the United States protected the stream from further undue encroachments by the establishment of harbor lines. A channel 40 feet and over in depth and with a least width of about 1,000 feet extended throughout and some distance above the section included in the project; it bordered upon the New York shore, except in the reach from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy- second street, where the deep water was found along' the western shore or in the center of the river. Its width was limited by three shoal areas projecting out from the shores a considerable distance; one along the east shore from West Nineteenth Street to West Sev- enty-second Street, New York City; one along the west shore from below Jersey City to Castle Point; and one along the west shore from Weehawken to beyond the limits of the existing project for dredg- ing along this water front. The least depths found over these shoals along pierheads were about 21 feet, 20 feet, and 7 feet, respectively. Previous projects.--The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875; the amount expended thereunder was $25,000. Joint resolution of July 1, 1902, and the river and harbor act of March 3,1905, authorized the diver- sion of not exceeding $45,000 from appropriations already made or authorized for the improvement of Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, for the removal of a rock or obstruction in the North River, New York Harbor, near Pier No. 1 (known as Pier A), to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. There was expended $43,979012 in removing this rock to a depth of 38 feet at mean low water. Provi- sion for its removal to 40 feet at mean low water is made in the existing project adopted March 4, 1913, in which it is referred to as " ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet off Pier A at the Battery." The total amount expended on previous projects prior to, the commence- ment of work under the existing project in 1913 is $68,979.12, all for new work. (For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, p. 1765.) Existing project.-This provides for. a channel 800 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from deep water off Ellis Island to 1,300 feet below the foot of Newark Street, Hoboken; thence to Castle Point the removal of a shoal to a depth of 40 feet; a channel 550 feet wide and 26 feet deep along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; the removal to a depth of 40 feet of ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet southwest of Pier A at the Battery; the removal of a shoal on the New York side between West Nineteenth and West RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 233 Sixty-first Streets to a depth of 40 feet; increasing the width of the 40-foot channel between the Battery and Canal Street, Manhattan Borough, to 2,000 feet; the removal of an obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding river bottom; and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of the section included in the project is about 16 miles. Mean tidal range at the Battery, 4.4 feet, and at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek, 3.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.3 feet and 4.8 feet, respectively. Irregular fluctuations, due mainly to the direction and force of winds, vary from 8 feet above and 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery to about 71/2 feet above and 31/2 feet below at Spuyten Duyvil. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $3,000,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previ- ous projects. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance is given, as the amount required can be determined only from experience. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doec. No. 719, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 ('Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1914, pp. 234-235), and was enlarged by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doec. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 237 of this report). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, p. 2144, and H. Doc. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 21, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the existing project be modified to provide for a channel 30 feet deep and 750 feet wide at an estimated cost of $970,000 for new work, and $40,000 annually for maintenance during the first three years, and $20,000 annually thereafter, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation (see H. Doe. No. 313, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). References to published articles not previously eported.-See re-.- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation. None. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front included in the project for improvement, measured along both shores of the river, is 32 miles; of this length 7 miles of the Manhattan water front and 10 miles of the New Jersey water front have been devel- oped for commercial use by the construction of terminals consisting of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. MANHATTAN WATER FRONT Large sums have been expended by the city of New York in the construction of piers along the Manhattan water front, many of which are designed to accommodate trans-Atlantic steamships up to 1,000 feet in length and 40 feet draft. Seventy-seven per cent of ,the terminals along this front are owned by the city of New York, 18 per cent are owned by railroads, and one terminal is owned by New York State as a barge-canal terminal. Most of the city-owned ter- minals are leased for commercial purposes; a few are open to the public and some are used by city departments. Privately owned 234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and leased terminals are used exclusively for commercial purposes and are not open to the public. The total available dockage along this front in use for commercial purposes is 171,000 linear feet. NEW JERSEY WATER FRONT There are 301 terminals along the New Jersey water front. Of these 294 are either privately or corporately owned, 1 is publicly owned, and the remaining 6 are under the control of the United States Shipping Board. These latter terminals accommodate steam- ships of all classes up to the largest trans-Atlantic steamships afloat. About 55 per cent of all terminals along this front are owned or controlled by railroad companies for the accommodation of car floats, lighters, barges, and grain elevators employed in the transfer of freight to and from various points in New York Harbor and seagoing barges employed in coastwise traffic. Privately owned terminals accommodate vessels of all classes up to 30 feet draft. (7f the terminals along the New Jersey shore but one in Jersey City is owned by and open to the public so far as known. The total available dockage along the New Jersey water front in use for commercial purposes is196,000 linear feet. IN GENERAL Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to :the. method of freight handling. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight-handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in transfer- ring the particular class of freight to be handled. Many terminals have direct railroad connection. The New York City authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals along the Manhattan water front, and private and corporate interests have in view the construction of additional terminals of large capacity along the New Jersey water front, particularly in the ,stretch above Castle Point. With the exception of terminals along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front, all are reached by well-paved highways in good condi- tion; along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front the approaches to the terminals are not paved, but are in good condition. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legislation creating a joint harbor development commission. This commission made a study of the port as a whole and under date of December 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, to- gether with comprehensive plans and recommendations. Hudson River Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recom- mended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 189 of this report. For a full description of terminal facilities, see IH.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvements.-The largest trans-Atlantic steamers can now reach their piers at Hoboken, N. J., and along the Manhattan water front up to west Sixty-first Street. A large increase in the amount of pier construction and extension along the Weehawken- Edgewater water front has developed. It is impracticable to ascer- tain what effect the improvement has had on freight rates. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 235 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The following work was done by the use of Government plant: Channel of 40 feet project depth, between the Battery and Canal Street.-The U. S. seagoing dredge .aritan was employed at inter- mittent periods during June 1 to June 6, 1924, and U. S. seagoing dredge Navesinle from June 16 to 21, 1924, removing shoals resulting from operations in connection with the construction of the vehicular tunnel; the cost of this work is to be reimbursed to the United States. The dredge Raritan was also employed in this channel from May 19 to 31, 1924, removing scattering shoals left after dredging; other shoals that could not be removed by the seagoing dredges were re- moved by the use of U. S. derrick boat E. R. R101, from July 23 to August 12, and August 22 to October 31, 1923. Jersey City water front.-The U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic was employed on this work from July 23 to September 15, 1923, and from October 14, 1923, to March 9, 1924; and dredge Raritan from March 10 to June 6, 1924. The work done by these dredges has resulted in providing a channel of project width with depths ranging from 26 to 30 feet at mean low water. The U. S. derrick boat E. R. 101 was employed from July 13 to 21, 1923, in work under- taken at the request of the United States Shipping Board removing obstructions from the vicinity of Piers 4 and 6, Hoboken, N. J., the cost of which work is to be reimbursed to the United States. Drift removal.-There were removed and disposed of 56,900 cubic feet of drift material. (See separate report on Collection and re- moval of drift, p. 237.) Surveys.-Areas deepened during the year and reported shoals were examined by sounding and sweeping. The total expenditures, including engineeriig, superintendence, and contingencies, amounted to $262,224.84-$179,061.32 for new work and $83,163.52 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 93 per cent of the exist- ing project has been completed. The work done has resulted in re- moving the rock off Pier A to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, in dredging a channel in the Jersey City water front 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep; in completing the removal of the shoal along the Hoboken water front to a depth of 40 feet; in dredging the channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front to depths of from 24 to 26 feet at mean low water: in excavating the channel between the Battery and Canal Street to project depth and width except for the removal of scattering shoals, small in area; and in completing the removal of the shoal along the Manhattan water front between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, except immediately ad- jacent to the pierhead line at West Twenty-third Street ferry slips, where the depth varies from 19 to 29 feet along the pierhead line up to 40 feet at a distance of 350 feet out from the pierhead line. The controlling depth' in the channel along the Jersey City water front. when examined in 1924, was 26 feet along the Hoboken water front, when examined in 1923, a shoal with a depth of from 24 to 30 feet at mean low water along the pierhead line gradually increasing to 40 feet at a distance of about 500 feet channelwards from the pierhead line extended southwird about 1,500 feet from the en- trance to the slip on the southern ide of United States transport 236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Pier 4. The channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front has not yet been examined since the last dredging was completed in April, 1923, but it is estimated that a depth of 26 feet exists through a channel of good navigable width. The controlling depth in the channel between the Battery and Canal Street on June 30, 1923, was 39 feet, and along the Manhattan water front, 40 feet, except in the vicinity of the West Twenty-third Street ferry slips as previ- ously stated herein. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in completing the channel along the Jersey City water front by widening; in removing scattering shoals in the chan- nel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; in removing shoals in the channel between the Battery and Canal Street; and in remov- ing the obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyton Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding bottom. It is not proposed at present to remove the shoal at the West Twenty-third Street ferry slips. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $3,256,015.76$2,799,474.08 for new work and $456,541.68 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, was $344,484.24. With this it is proposed to- (a) Operate two seagoing dredges, each for a period of 6 months, in completing the channel along the Jersey City water front, in removing shoals that have formed or were not removed in the first place in the Weehawken-Edgewater channel, and in redredging the channel in front of the Delaware & Lackawanna ferry slips along the Hoboken water front,__. $329, 484. 24 ( b) Operate two steam lighters in the removal of drift for a period of 4 months, at an estimated cost of--------------_ _ 15, 000. 00 Total _.. . -.. _-- - 344, 484. 24 It is believed that the above work will place the Hudson River Channel in such shape that no maintenance operations will be neces- sary during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended during that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of general merchandise, coal, building material, foodstuffs, metals and metal manufactures, petroleum products, and ashes. Comparative statement Calendar Short Value Passengers Calendar Short Value Passengers year tons year tons 1919-.--.. 51, 399, 505 $5, 772, 290, 584 102, 713, 391 1922 1 - 39, 283, 681 $6, 022, 905, 071 97, 416, 754 1920 1 34,726, 895 5, 544, 151, 669 82, 685, 739 1923 1 49, 622, 995 6, 049, 762, 880 95, 503, 745 19211 - 35, 168, 448 3, 986, 119, 214 99, 495, 336 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry Cargoes in transit Calendar year Tons Value Tons Value 1920 12, 111, 692 $3, 633, 507, 600 4, 257, 312 $259, 082, 604 1921 . . . . . . . . . 12, 194, 793 3, 658, 437, 900 5, 499, 640 149, 351, 781 1922 15, 669, 940 4, 700, 982, 000 5, 763, 077 135, 898, 795 1923 12, 096, 817 3, 629, 045, 100 5, 478, 454 122, 506, 605 * RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 237 The increase in tonnage in 1923 is due mainly to an increase in the tonnage of building. material and coal transported over this water- way. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usual limit Per cent of Usual limit Class of freight carried total loaded ofdraft of Class of freight carried total loaded ofdraft tonnage vessel tonnage vesselof Feet Feet General merchandise 20. 8 6-40 Metals and metal manu- Coal __ 21. 3 5-22 factures - 5. 2 5-34 Building material ........ 17. 3 4-30 Petroleum products 6. 8 6-32 Foodstuffs 11. 4 5-34 Ashes _ 6. 4 6-10 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $876.05: New work -.- $2, 868, 453. 20 Maintenance _ 456, 541. 68 Net total expended 3, 324, 994. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report 3, 669, 479. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 .... .$330, 386. 38 $770, 416. 46 $306, 709. 61 $170, 703. 06 $179, 061. 32 Expended for maintenance 1 . 150, 875. 41 17, 473. 13 59, 262. 98 68, 766. 75 83, 163.?i2 Total expended 1 -_. . 481, 261. 79 787, 889. 59 365, 972. 59 239, 469. 81 262, 224. 84 Appropriated or allotted 300, 000. 00 450, 000. 00 350. 000. 00 100, 000. 00 365, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $241, 699. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 __- 365, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924__ 9. 25 606, 709. 08 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work___ $179, 061. 32 For maintenance _- 83, 163. 52 262, 224. 84 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ 344, 484. 24 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ 3, 514. 37 July 1, 1924, balance available ________ 340, 969. 87 27. NEW YORK HARBOR-COLLECTION AND REMOVAL OF DRIFT Location and descriptio:n.Thisproject applies to the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Harbor; Bay Ridge: and Red -HookChan- nels, Gowanus Creek Channel, East River, Newtown Creek, Harlem River, sand Hudson River Channel, N. Y.; and Staten Island Sound and Newark Bay, N. J. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 238 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Original conditions.-Priorto adoption of the project the wlaters referred to were obstructed by drift of various kinds allowed to escape from pier construction and demolition, from scows carrying refuse, from abandoned and broken craft, floats, etc., and from vari- ous other sources. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the collection and removal of drift from New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waterwlays and authorizes the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for the work from funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and such tributaries. It is wholly a work of maintenance. The purpose of the work is to, afford relief from variable conditions of obstruction, and no advance estimate of the amount of work required and its proper cost can be made. The cost of this work from the beginning up to date indicates that an average of about $35,000 a. year may be profitiably applied to the work. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, appropriating funds for maintaining the New York Harbor entrance channels and by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriating funds for the improvement of East River, N.Y. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles 'not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-Nonerequired by law. Voluntary cooperation of several of the New York City departments has been asked for and given, in so far as they are able to, lasissit, particularly in the line of prevention. Terminal facilities.-Describedin the separate reports covered. Effect of improvement.-Precise data as to results of this work can, not be obtained. The nmasters of patrol vessels under direction of the supervisor of the harbor of New York have observed a consid- erable diminution in the quantity of floating dbris in the harbor, and some of the towboat companies have stated that the number of propellors broken by striking timbers is less now than previously. Drift is continually added to by the breaking up of old piers and of worthless, abandoned boats, parts of which pass into the channel either through neglect or connivance of parties who, ought to prevent it. It is difficult and generally impossible to discover who, is respon- sible for this. Operations and results during fiscal year.The United States steamers Manisees and Rockaay were assigned to collecting and removing drift when not employed on other work. During the year these boats collected and removed 228,550 cubic feet (1,786 cords) of driftwood. The pieces ranged in size from small blocks up to tim- bers of large dimensions, pieces of wreckage, piles, float stages, etc. The cost of this work amounted to $35,951.00, of which $32,277.08 is chargeable to the first New York district and $3,673.92 to the second New York district, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is one of continuous maintenance, for which no percentage of completion exists. The total amount of drift removed since the beginning of operations, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 239 May 21, 1915, is 3,018,461 cubic feet (23,582 cords). The total cost to June 30, 1924, amounted to $308,939.04. Proposed operations.-There are no specific funds available for this work. Under authority of the river and harbor acts of 1915 and 1917 allotments are made as needed from funds provided for New York Harbor and its immediate tributary waterways. It is pro- posed to expend so much of these funds, estimated at about $45,000, in continuing the removal of drift during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-None are pertinent to work of this char- acter. SAUGERTIES, RONDOUT, PEEKSKILL, AND TARRYTOWN HARBORS,. AND WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (GROUP B) 28. TARRYTOWN HARBOR, N. Y. (B1) Location and description.-This harbor extends along the east shore of Hudson River for a distance of about 1 mile below Kings- land Point, 29 miles above the Battery, New York City. The dis- tance to the 12-foot contour in the river from the pierheads varies between 1,600 feet and 2,200 feet. A small stream, the Pocantico River, whose source is 8 miles northeast of Tarrytown, empties into the harbor at Kingsland Point. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 281.) Original condition.-The maximum available depth at mean low water over flats extending out from the shore to deep water was about 6 feet, and the general depth over a considerable part of them was about 41/2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project. This provides for a channel along the wharf front of the harbor 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, and northerly and southerly connections with deep water in Hudson River of the same depth and 100 feet wide; total length, about 5,700 feet. Mean tidal range, 3.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.3 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $36,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $900. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 283, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1520). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.- None required by law. In lengthening piers and constructing ferry slips along the southern half of the water- front under a permit issued by the War Department, the channel in this section previously dredged by the United States has been ob- literated: in lieu thereof, the permittee has excavated, without cost to the United States, a channel along the waterfront of the new construction of the same dimensions as that previously dredged by the United States. Terminal facilities. Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,651 feet, are located along the waterfront of Tarry- town; none has railroad connections. Five with available dockage 240 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of 1,530 feet are privately owned, and one with available dockage of 121 feet is owned by a corporation. Other details are as follows: Four with available dockage of 1,551 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads, and two with a total frontage of 100 feet con- sist of ferry racks. The existing terminals are adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement there has been an appreciable increase in the water-borne commerce of the har- bor; vessels of increased draft now reach the wharves, and a slight reduction in freight rates has been reported. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Maintenance dredging was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amounting to $75.18, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies per- taining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 88 per cent completed. The channel in the southern arm and along the water- front has been completed; in the eastern end of the northern arm a channel 60 feet in width and 350 feet in length has been dredged to project depth, and an additional length of 100 feet and 60 feet in width has been dredged to less than 12 feet in depth. When exam- ined in 1921 the controlling depth in the southern arm was 12 feet at mean low water through a channel of navigable width; in the north- ern arm it was 5 feet. When examined in 1922 the controlling depth of the channel along the waterfront was 12 feet throughout its project length and width. The work remaining to be done consists in dredg- ing the northern arm to project width and depth in the section of this arm where no work of improvement has yet been done. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $48,724.96- $29,311.03 for new work and $19,413.93 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, was $275.04. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. While some shoaling has occurred in the southern approach chan- nel, it is not believed that any maintenance operations will be re- quired during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of building material, petroleum products, and coal. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ___102, 216 $716, 857 101, 809 1922 76, 296 $861, 858 244, 469 1920 73, 055 771, 141 133, 781 1923 111, 710 3, 267, 485 249, 339 1921__________ 74,151 1,604,839 136,606 The relatively high value of the tonnage of 1921 was due to large quantity of new automobiles shipped. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 241 The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet Building material -------- 57. 8 6-10 Coal - .--------- - --.. - - 20. 7 4-8 Petroleum products -- 11. 9 5-12 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.45: New work-----------------------------------------------$29, 311. 03 Maintenance ------------------------------- ____ 19, 413.93 Net total expended-------------------------------------48, 724. 96 Total appropriations to date of this report_-- --- -- 49, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 .1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new w ork -- - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - Expended for maintenance 1--- $25. 27 $517. 52 $11,406. 47 $245. 24 $75. 18 Appropriated or allotted July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- $349. 97 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-----------.-- .25 350. 22 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------- 75. 18 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended _ 275. 04 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------- - 2 6, 400.00 29. PEEKSKILL HARBOR, N. Y. (B2) Location and description.-This harbor is an indentation about five-eights of a mile long and 11/4 miles wide in the eastern shore of Hudson River, 42 miles above the Battery, New York City. Peek- skill Creek, whose source is 14 miles northeast of the harbor, empties into Hudson River about one-half mile northwest of the wharves in Peekskill. The mouth of the creek up to Annsville is known locally as Annsville Creek, and the upper section, above the highway at Tompkins Corners, as Peekskill Hollow Creek. The mouth of the creek is crossed by the New York Central Railroad by a bridge with draw span. (See United States Colast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 282.) 2 Exclusive olf ava~ilale funds. 1 Not dedud~cting receipts from sales:, etc. 242 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Original condition.-The controlling depth in the harbor was about 5 feet at mean low water, except near the wharves, where the depth was about 6 feet. The length of navigable channel in the har- bor, following the general contour of the shore, was about 1.8 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide and about 1.8 miles long, extending from deep water in Hudson River north of the village to deep water south of it, following generally the contour of the shore, and two turning basins, 200 by 150 feet, of the same depth in front of the lower and center wharves. Mean tidal range, 3.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.7 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1896, is $50,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 37, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1895, p. 999). The project was modified in 1896. For latest published map of the locality, see Annual Report for 1903, page 885. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities expended $909 in removing shoals formed by the deposit of sewage, and private interests expended $150,000 in the construc- tion of a public wharf and $10,000 in dredging in front of it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,240 feet, are located along the water front in Peekskill; none has railroad connections. Two, of the terminals, with available dockage of 1,420 feet, are privately owned; one of these, with available dockage of 650 feet, is open to the public. One with available dockage of 200 feet is owned by the New York Cen- tral Railroad, and two with available dockage of 620 feet are used by a corporation. Four with available dockage of 1,470 feet are provided with mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: 3 with available dockage of 1,620 feet consist of solid fill behind crib bulkheads. 1 with available dockage of 120 feet consists of a steel coal-handling trestle 20 feet wide extending out from the natural bank. 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a pile wharf. The existing terminals are adequate for present and prospective needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement vessels of deeper draft now reach the wharves, thereby reducing the cost of transportation. Operations and results during /iscal year.-None. Maintenance dredging was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amounting to $56.40, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies per- taining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899. The improved channel has a length of 4.,300 feet in the north- ern arm, 1,700 feet along the water front, and 3.500 feet in the south- ern arm. When examined in 1921, the controiling depth through a RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 243 channel of navigable width was 10 feet at mean low water. Else- where it varied from 8.5 up to 10 feet at mean low water. The to- tal expenditures under the existing project amounted to $36,370.70- $19,400 for new work and $16,970.70 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, was $129.30. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office "expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. It is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be nec- ,essary in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics. The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of foodstuffs, building material, and coal. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1919 ---- . 91, 044 $12, 648, 367 5, 384 1922 ___ 138, 144 $2,432,204 2, 738 1920___ 93, 767 9, 549,954 1923___ 182, 410 24, 208, 843 1921_- - 95, 530 5,438, 121 Passenger traffic in the harbor during 1919 consisted solely of ex- cursionists outbound and inbound. Excursion steamers did not use Peekskill Harbor during 1920 and 1921 on account of insufficient depth of water, due to shoaling in the channel. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class offreight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessels vessels Feet Feet Foodstuffs 32. 4 6-14 Coal- - 16. 7 6-10 Building material ......... 24. O 5-10 Financial sum anary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting feceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4.35. New work___---------------- $19, 400. 00 Maintenance_ 16, 970. 70 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 36, 370. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 36,500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - Expended for maintenance $23. 88 $19197 $5, 427. 30 $12. 14 $56.40 Appropriated or allotted ------------------------------------------------------------ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 244 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____________________________ $185. 70 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 56. 40 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended____________________________ 129. 30 30. WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (B3) Location and description.-This creek is a small stream which empties into Hudson River from the east, about 64 miles by water north of the Battery, New York City, and one-half mile below the village of New Hamburg, N. Y. Its source is 30 miles slightly east of north from its mouth. The head of navigation is at the village of Wappinger Falls, about 2 miles above its mouth, and is marked by a series of falls, with an aggregate height of 861/2 feet above mean low water. Below the falls the creek is tidal and varies in width from 90 feet to 900 feet. The drainage area is 216 square miles. The average discharge varies according to season and amount of rain- fall from about 53 second-feet to 1,420 second-feet. Two draw- bridges cross the creek-one at the mouth, a railroad bridge, and the other, a highway bridge, about 1,000 feet farther upstream; both have solid fill approaches. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Originalcondition. The channel used by navigators was winding and not exceeding 6 feet in depth at mean low water and from 25 to 75 feet in width. The head of navigation was and is at the lower falls. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide, and about 2 miles long, extending from the mouth to about 200 feet below the lower falls. Mean tidal range, 2.9 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.4 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is $13,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 25, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 758). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1051. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About 1890 local in- terests expended $34,000 in dredging a channel for boats carrying freight from the head of navigation to the railroad bridge and about $500 on a public wharf. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,415 feet, are located one with available dockage of 75 feet on the north side of the railroad trestle bridge and directly connected with the railroad, one with available dockage of 300 feet just north of the highway bridge, one with available dockage of 300 feet about 1 mile below the head of navigation, and two with avail- able dockage of 1,740 feet close to the head of navigation. All are privately owned. The terminal at the railroad trestle has no high- way connection; the approach to one of the terminals at the head of navigation, with 1,700 feet of available dockage, is by paved highway in good condition; the approaches to all others are not paved and are in poor condition. RIVERS AND HARBORS FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 245 Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet is of open pile work; 3 with available dockage of 640 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads ; and 1 with available dockage of 1,700 feet consists of solid fill behind a dry rubblestone wall. The existing terminals appear to be adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement vessels of deeper draft now use: the creek, thereby reducing the cost of trans- portation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amount- ing to $42.15, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance' of the improvement. Condition, at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1892. When examined in 1921 about 200 feet in length of channel at the head of the improvement had shoaled to about 6 feet in depth at mean low water; below this project dimensions existed through a stretch of about 4,000 feet; elsewhere the channel had been narrowed in certain sections by material falling in from side slopes. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $32,470.70--$13,000 for new work and $19,470.70 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unelxpended on June 30, 1924, was $29.30. With this it is proposed to pay such part of the office expenses and contingencies as may be properly chargeable to this work. It is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be neces- sary in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of dry goods and clothing, coal, and building ma- terial. Comparative statement Calendar Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year year 1919_______ 28, 001 $31, 127, 374 7, 905 1922___ ___ 28, 590 $193, 942 - 1920 ........ 32, 767 10, 340, 545 8,638 1923_ 38,939 7, 963, 818 .... 1921 23, 228 6, 762, 342 2, 000 The decrease in the value per ton in 1920, as compared with sta- tistics for 1919, was due mainly to the lower value reported for cotton piece goods. The decrease in the tonnage of 1921, as compared with that of previous years, was due to the discontinuance of the steamboat freight service between Wappinger Falls and Newburg. The decrease in the value of the tonnage of 1923, as compared with previous years, is due to the small amount of textiles and the larger amount of lesser-priced commodities transported. '246 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The steamboat line which abandoned its freight service early in 1921, but continued to carry passengers, has entirely ceased operating on the creek. The increase in value for 1923 is due to an increase in the tonnage of dry goods and clothing transported through this waterway. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total .loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessels vessels Feet Feet Dry goods and clothing__ 8. 2 1-9 Building material -- 53. 5 6-7 Coal -- _ -- ___--_ 30.8 6-8 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after dedlucting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6.53: New work---------------------------------------------- $13, 000. 00 Maintenance____ 19., 470. 70 Net total expended ___--- --- 32, 470. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report- 32, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ................... Expended for maintenance 1 $20. 76 $323.07 $2, 865. 40 - $42. 15 Appropriated or allotted .- ....... - ....... ......--- I- .!.. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _-_ _____- $71. 45 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year. for maintenance 42. 15 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended........ _ 29. 30 31. SAUGERTIES HARBOR, N. Y. (B4) Location and description.- This harbor comprises about four-fifths of a mile in length of the tidal mouth of Esopus Creek, which empties into Hudson River from the west about 100 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 44 miles south of Albany. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Original condition,.-The original depth at mean low water over a bar at the mouth of the creek was 3 feet. The head of navigation was and is at the wharves of the village of Saugerties, N. Y., about one-half mile, below a dam and rapids and about 6,000 feet from deep water in Hudson River. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by the State of New York had provided a channel across the bar 7.5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide. Previous project.-The original project was adopted July 5, 1884. modified in 1887, and completed in 1892, at an expenditure of $42,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 247 From 1892 to June 30, 1902, $15,000 was expended for maintenance, making the total expenditures for new work and for maintenance prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1902, $57,000. For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page, 1765. Exiisting project. The existing project provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Hudson River to the steamboat wharf in the village of Saugerties,. a dista.nce of about four-fifths of a mile, to' be secured by dredging and rock removal between longitudinal pile dikes filled with rubble- stone which were built under the previous project, and for the ex- tension of the south dike westward about 155 feet to the shore line. Mean tidal range, 3.7 feet ; mean range of spring tides, 4.1 feet; irregular fluctuations due to freshets are infrequent and do not. materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work. made in 1899, is $44,685, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost. of maintenance is $1,000. The work was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for longitudinal dikes: (Annual Report for 1884, p. 716), and the act of June, 13, 1902, provided for the present channel dimensions and dike extension (H. Doc. No'. 107, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1518). The latest published map is inthe project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatior.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States local interests and the State of New York had expended about $14,250 in the construction of dikes and dredging. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of five timber wharves, aggregating 2,400 feet in length, all privately owned, of which four, aggregating 1,600 feet in length, are open to public use. In addition to the above the Stand- ard Oil Co. operates a terminal for the transfer of its product. The existing terminals are sufficient for the present needs of navigation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the village of Saugerties the advantages of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers with freight during the season of fhavigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year, amounting to $2, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been considered c6mpleted since the completion of the channel excavation in 1913, although the shore extension of the south dike authorized in the present project has not been constructed because the freshets since the completion of the Ashokan Dam on Esopus Creek, appear to have been reduced to a point where they have no effect in scouring the channel. The dikes are about 2.385 feet and 1,950 feet long, re- spectively, and about 260 feet apart. An examination in July, 1921, showed that the channel between the dikes had maintained a con- 248 REPORT OF -CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 trolling depth of about 11 feet at mean low water, except at the Hudson River end, where a shoal had formed against the south dike. This shoal is not of sufficient extent to interfere seriously with navigation. An examination made in May, 1924, showed that the dikes were in fair condition, only minor repairs being neces- sary. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $73,634.59-$39,904.91 for new work and $33,729.68 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, was $3,115.41. With this it is proposed to repair the dikes. It is believed that the above work will put the dikes in such shape as to make unnecessary any maintenance operations in the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1926, and no funds can therefore be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of coal, foodstuffs, paper products, building materials. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919_ 38,189 $4,634,399 15, 385 1922 ___ 38, 484 $2,368,464 23, 371 1920- __--- _ 49, 026 5, 666, 438 16, 183 1923_ - - - 54, 007 6, 360, 672 19, 464 1921 ----------- 21, 470 1,381,705 19,556 The decrease in tonnage for 1923 as compared with previous years is due to relatively small amounts of clay and paper transported. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried of total loaded Class of freight carried of total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessels vessels Feet Feet Coal ---------------------- 28. 6 6-10 Building material 19. 1 5-10 Foodstuffs ----------------- 26. 1 6-10 Paper products --.- 15. 7 6-7 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.95: New work---------------------------- $81, 904. 91 Maintenance ----- __ 48, 729. 68 Net total expended_- 130, 634. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report- 133, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work- Expended for maintenance 1 $236.79 $3, 764. 73 $4, 835. 32 $56. 78 $2.00 Appropriated or allotted .. .................................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 249 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $3,117. 41 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for imaintenawnce- 2. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 3, 115. 41 32. RONDOUT HARBOR, N. Y. (B5) Location and description.-Thisharbor comprises the tidal mouth, about one-half mile in length, of Rondout Creek, which empties into Hudson River from the west about 89 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 55 miles south of Albany: a dam crosses the creek at Eddyville, about 4 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Original condition.-- With the exception of the bar at the mouth, the creek was navigable for deep-draft vessels to the village of Rondout, and for vessels drawing less than 8 feet it was navigable from Rondout to the present head of navigation at the damn at Eddy- ville, which marked the easterly end of the Delaware & Hudson Canal, since abandoned. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by local interests and by the State of New York had re- sulted in the formation of a channel across the bar 7 feet deep at mean low water and about 400 feet wide, connecting deep water in Hudson River with that in the.creek. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This p:)rovides for a channel across the mud flats at the mouth of the creek, about 3,000 feet long, 14 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide, to be secured by dredging for two parallel dikes 350 feet apart, to maintain the channel, and for a branch dike to extend upstream from the outer end of the north dike to protect that dike from running ice in Hudson River. Mean tidal range, 3.5 feet; mean 'range of spring tides, 3.9 feet; irregular fluc- tuations, due to freshets, are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. Thie estimate of cost for new work, made in 1872, is $172,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872 (S.Doc. No. 35, 42d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 390, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recomm ended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States, local interests and the State of New York had spent an amount not now knowvn in dredging at the mouth of the creek. Termninal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of nine timber wharves aggregating 7,050 feet in length, equipped with transfer facilities, all privately owned. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of irmprovement.-The improvement, by permitting the use of rather large river steamers, has afforded the village of Rondout and the city of Kingston the advantage of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers, especially 250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 New York City, during the navigation season. It affords access for the main towing fleet of the Hudson River to its home port as well as to the various shipyards located on the shores of Rondout Creek. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of recon- structing approximately 500 linear feet of the west end of the South Dike by hired labor and the use of Government plant was com- menced. The expenditures during the year amounted to $1,480.98 for maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is regarded as com- pleted, although part of the diking originally proposed was not built because deemed of doubtful usefulness. Two parallel dikes of an aggregate length of about 5,000 feet, generally 350 feet apart, with a now obsolete spur from the old lighthouse south of the south dike, have been built across the bar at the mouth of the creek, and a channel of project dimensions has been excavated between themn from deep water in the Hudson River to deep water in the creek, a distance of about 3,000 feet. A branch dike about 1,000 feet long,. extending northerly from the outer end of the north dike, was also constructed. An inspection of the dikes made in May, 1924, disclosed the fact that extensive repairs are necessary, especially to the South Dike, where approximately 500 linear feet of the western end had been practically destroyed, and to the branch dike extending north- erly from the outer end of the North Dike. The controlling depth of the channel is about 14 feet at mean low water. The total ex- penditures under the existing project amounted to $182,730.12-$90,- 000 for new work and $92,730.12 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1924, was $14,819.88. With this it is proposed to (a) Replace a section of dike at the inner end of the channel, this section having been completely destroyed---------------- $4, 819. 88 (b) Repair places in the dikes where breaks have occurred ------ 10, 000. 00 Total-------------------- ------------------- 14, 819. 88. The above work will not complete all of the necessary work on the main dikes and will not touch the northern arm of the north dike which is also in need of repairs. To take care of this work the sum of $20,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 19293 consisted mainly of coal, brick, and petroleum products. Comparative statemelit Calendar Cld Short tons Value Passengers Calendar Calendar Short tons Value Passengers 19f9 ......... 388, 310 $11, 952, 000 18, 500 1922__ -223,__ 350 $10, 221, 549 19, 300 1920....---------- 313, 362 10, 408, 750 19, 254 1923__________ 752, 298 6, 659, 751 (1) 1921- --------- 267,678 3,494,827 19, 000 1No passengers reported. The increase in tonnage for 1923 is due to an increase in the tonnage of building material transported through this waterway. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 251 The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent ofd limit of Per cent of limit of Class of freight carried total loaded Class of freight carried total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessels vessels Feet Feet Coal - . . . 60. 7 6-10 Petroleum products ... 3. 3 6-10 Brick 23.9 6-10 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7 : New work__-----------------------------------------------_ $90, 000. 00 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 92, 730. 12 Net total expended----------------------------- 182, 730. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- 197, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---------------------- Expended for maintenance _ $246. 39 $4, 505. 78 $15, 513. 66 $1, 214. 81 $1, 480. 98 Appropriated or allotted- ......------- -- 8, 000. 00 2, 500. 00 5, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- $6300. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved * June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------------ 10, 000-00 16, 300. 86 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 480. 98 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -------------------------------- 14, 819. 88 July 1, 1924. outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 536. 65 July 1, 1924, balance available ---------------------------------- 14, 283. 23 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ----------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $42.28: New work--------------------------------------------- $233, 615.94 Maintenance _--_-- -- 197, 315. 13 Net total expended------------------------- --- - 430, 931. 07 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------449, 30b. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .....------- .--.--.---- ...-------------- Expended for maintenance t- .. $553. 09 $9, 303. 07 $40, 048. 15 $1, 528. 97 $1, 656. 71 Appropriated or allotted ....... - - - ,000. 00 8-- 2,500. 00 5,000. 00 10, 000. 00 1 ot deducting receip~ts from salesl etc. Excslusive of available funds., 252 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___________________________ $10, 025. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924_ _......... _ 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 -----------------. 25 20, 025. 64 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance i 1, 656. 71 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_______________ 18, 368. 93 .July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ _-- -- - 536. 65 July 1, 1924, balance available _ -________ ___ 17; 832. 28 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ______- -____ _______ ___ ____ _ 6, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance -_______ ________ ------ 2 20, 000.00 33. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-TheHudson River has its source in the Adirondack Mountains, about 250 miles in a direct line and 315 miles following its course, to the Battery, New York City, and flows in a generally southerly direction into New York Blay. The section under improvement extends from Waterford to Hudson, a distance of 38 miles. Hudson is 117 miles north of the Battery, New York City. The river is tidal to the Federal dam at Troy, N. Y., 153 miles north of the, Battery. Above the dam the drainage area is about 9,900 square miles, ,and is in general mountainous and wooded. The fall in the upper portion is very rapid. The discharge varies within wide limits; the low-water discharge is generally as- sumed at about 2,000 second-feet, but discharges as low as 1,500 second-feet land as high as 240,000 second-feet have been observed; the latter discharge occurred March 28, 1913, and raised the river to an elevation of 23.5 feet above " lowest low water " at Albany, N. Y., and 31.6 feet 'above, the same plane at the dam at Troy, N. Y. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chiart No. 284.) Original condition.-After partial improvement by the State of New York 'there was a narrow and crooked channel between banks 650 to 3,000 feet apart, with a navigable depth at mean low water varying from 31/2 to 11 feet between Waterford and Coxsackie, and of 12 feet and more between Coxsackie and Hudson. From Hudson to New York a natural depth of 25 feet and more existed, except over a few shoals. The river above Hudson was obstructed by sand bars making the channel tortuous and unstable, and navigable by small shallow-draft vessels only. The head of boat navigation was origi- nally at Waterford, and of logging navigation near the headwaters. The navigable length, commencing at the Battery, was 'about 155 miles. Later the river became the southern and eastern outlet for the Champlain and Erie Oanals, connecting with the Champlain Canal at Waterford in a pool formed by a. dam built by the State of New York about 1823 ,at Troy, and with the Erie Canal opposite Troy and at Albany. In 1831 the mean range of tides was reported as follows: Troy, 1.09 feet; Albany, 2.09 feet: Castleton, 1.7 feet: and New Baltimore, 2.83 feet. I Not, deducting receipt~s fromr sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 253 Previous projects.-The improvement was commenced by the Sta-e of New York in 1797. The original project for improvement by the United States was adopted in 1834 and modified in 1852 and 1866. From 1834 to 1892 the improvement was carried on by the Stiate of New York in conjunction with the Federal Government, and the actual control was only settled by the courts, the United States assuming legal control in 1891. A second project was adopted in 1892 and modified in 1899. The expenditures by the United States prior to the conmencement of work under the existing project in 1.910 totaled $5,459,390.58, of which amolunt $5,112,593.50 was for new work, including $48,432.37 for work in other localities referred to in the Annual Report for 1911, page 172, and $346,797.08 was for maintenance. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1764. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Waterford to Hudson 12 feet deep at lowest low water, with a width of 200 feet from Waterford to the dam at Troy and a general width, of 400 feet below the dam, increased at bends and widened to form harbors in front of the cities of Troy ,and Albany; the removal of the State dam at Troy, and the construction of ,alock and dam about 21/2 miles below Waterford. The following table contains information concerning the various features of the lock and dam included in the existing project: Location : Below Waterford.. miles _ 2.5 Above Battery, N. Y _- do___ 152. 5 Lock : Clear width_ -- feet 45. 0 Greatest length available for full width ..-do .._ 492. 5 Lift at lowest stages__ -do ... 16. 3 Depth on miter sills at lowest low water- Upper -__ do_ .. 16. 3 Lower -- do.. 14. 0 Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Completed : 1917. Cost : $1,463,014.07. The channel is to be formed by dredging and rock excavation, and to be maintained by dredging and by constructing new and rais- ing and repairing old longitudinal dikes, built partly under previous projects and partly by the State of New York. The mean range of tides at the dam in seasons of moderate rains is about 2.55 feet, as determined in 1903. At Broadway, Troy, the range is about 3 feet, and at Albany about 3.3 feet, as determined in 1920. At New Balti- more it is about 3.2 feet, at Coxsackie about 3.5 feet, and at Hudson about 4 feet. The assumed lowest low-water plane varies from 2 feet at Troy to 3.7 feet at Hudson below mean sea level, Sandy Hook N. J. In a measure, as the channels above Hudson are improved, the range of tide increases and the low-water plane falls. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $7,530,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. 5 4 r2 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERtS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For maps showing part of the projected work see House Document No. 719. Sixty-first Congress, second session. For general index map of the improvement see Annual Report for 1914, page 1712. Recommended modifications of project.-lUnder date of June 2, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modified to provide for a channel 400 feet wide through rock cuts, 300 feet wide elsewhere, and 27 feet deep at mean low water, from that depth at Hudson to the Albany-Greenbush Bridge in Albany. at an estimated cost of $11,200,000 with $300,000 annually for main- tenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation (see H. Doc. No. 350, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). - References to published articles not previously reported.- " Per- manence of Timber Work in Dikes," by John D. Myton, printed in The Military Engineer, July-August, 1923. Fort and Terminal, November, 1923. Local cooperation.-The extent of the local cooperation required by the existing project (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) was: (a) That the existing water-power rights and privileges granted to certain manufacturing interests by the State of New York in connec- tion with the State dam at Troy be extinguished; (b) that the city of Troy aid in the harbor improvement at that point by securing the expenditure of approximately $420,559 in constructing and main- taining public docks and warehouses, and by preventing refuse from passing into the channel from its sewer system or from creeks, and by removing any such deposits if made within its corporate limits; (c) that the city of Albany aid in harbor improvements at its water front, expending approximately $105,000 for improving its terminal structures and facilities along its harbor front. The New York State Canal BQard complied with the first condition by its resolu- tion, dated November 22, 1910, extinguishing existing water-power rights and privileges. The abandonment of the State dam at Troy by the State automatically extinguished the leases for water power developed at this dam. The cooperation required from the city of Troy is being complied with; about 4,000 linear feet of new docks have been constructed, and the reconstruction of about 900 linear feet of wharves is in progress. The installation of modern transfer facilities is contemplated. The State authorities have built a canal terminal at Troy, and contemplate the construction of a grain elevator thereon, have purchased a site for another terminal at Troy, and have constructed a new terminal at Cohoes. The cooperation required from the city of Albany has been amply complied with by a comprehensive scheme of water-front improvement, now completed, which includes a canal terminal built by the State of New York. The canal terminals constructed at Troy and Albany have cost to date about $650,000. The river has been under improvement since 1797. The State of New York carried on this work exclusively until 1831, and in con- junction with the United States until 1892, when its cooperation ceased. From 1797 to 1892 the State expended in building dikes and dredging $1,279,749 and $263,462.63 in connection with the State lock and dam at Troy and the canal basin at Albany. There was also RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 255 considerable work done by local interests and navigation companies, but its cost is not known. Terminal facilities.-The piers and other terminal or transfer fa- cilities served by the improvement are as follows: Between Watervliet and the Federal dam at Troy there are 14 timber wharves with solid fill in the rear, aggregating approxi- mately 5,000 feet in length, all privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal at Cohoes. The Ford Motor Co. has constructed a dock 325 feet long on the west side of the river just north of the Federal dam. Privately owned wharves consisting of timber bulkheads with solid fill in the rear, and at many places equipped with transfer facilities, extend practically the ntire length of the water front of the city of Troy, approximately 4,900 feet in length. The city of Troy has completed the reconstruction of approximately 4,600 feet of these wharves, and the reconstruction of about 900 feet is in progress, leaving 1,850 linear feet of old timber docks in place. Many of these docks are but little used; those, needed will be recon- structed in the near future. It is proposed to equip the new wharves with modern transfer facilities. At Adams Street, Troy, the State of New York has constructed a concrete barge-canal terminal 970 feet in length, equipped with light derrricks, a traveling crane, and storehouses. The State also proposes to construct an additional ter- minal just south of the site formerly occupied by the old State dam. At the United States arsenal, Watervliet, there is a stone bulk- head 800 feet long with solid fill in the rear. Between this point and Albany there are five timber wharves, aggregating 4,275 feet in length, all privately owned. At Albany there are approximately 10,300 linear feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. The State of New York has con- structed a barge-canal terminal 1,400 feet in length, and the city of Albany has constructed concrete wharves 3,200 feet in length, which are leased to the various transportation companies. The city con- templates the reconstruction of some 2,400 linear feet of the present timber wharves, which will be open to public use. At Island Creek (South Albany) the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co. owns ap- proximately 3,100 feet of timber wharves, which are free to railroad shippers. At Rennsselaer there are approximately 1,350 feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. Between Albany and Hudson there are about 100 timber wharves, aggregating 36,700 feet in length, all privately owned. At Hudson there are 12 timber wharves, aggregating 5,000 feet in length, all privately owned. At Athens there are nine timber wharves, aggregating approxi- mately 4,000 feet, all privately owned. Existing wharves and terminals appear to be inadequate to ac- commodate efficiently and economically the traffic of the Hudson River, but it is expected that upon the completion of the terminal facilities now under construction or proposed they will be ample. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 10710-ENG 1924---17 256 REPORT OF -CIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Effect of imp)rovement.-The through waterway formed by the Hudson River and the New York State canals has in the past tended to determine through freight rates from the Middle. West and Canada to the Atlantic and Gulf ports, but it is doubtful if its effect under existing conditions is very great. The, improvement has resulted in considerably increased navigation facilities. The total effect of the present improvement can not be determined until the commerce on the State canals has further developed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract operations in connection with the widening and deepening of the channel in the vicinity of the Nev York Central Railroad freight bridge at Albany resulted in the excavation of 199,911.3 cubic yards of material. No work was done in connectiori with the project for widening the channel in front of the city of Troy south of State Street to full project width of 400 feet and widening the channel to form a harbor at Troy. All excavation, except the cleaning up of the dumping basin at Base Island, was completed prior' to July 1, 1922. The con- tractor was permitted to postpone this work until the latter part of the season of 1923, in order to utilize the material to be removed in connection with the construction of docks at Troy. The following work was accomplished by the use of Government plant and hired labor: The removal of isolated rock shoals between Troy and Nelw Balti- more was comrmenced. The removal of isolated rock shoals from the channel between Waterford and the, dam at Troy resulted in the reamoval of 2,100 cubic yards of material. Repairs to the following dikes were completed: Overslaugh Dike No. 1; Beacon Island Dike, Sections I and II. Repairs to, the following dikes were' in progress: Hillhouse Island Revetment, and Cedar Hill Dike. The resurvey of the section of the Hudson River under improve- ment was continued. The total expenditures amounted to $331,530.78-$154,843.05 for new work and $176,687.73 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 86 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The following items included in the project have been completed: Troy Lock and Dam, removal of old dam at Troy, and construction of new and reconstruction of old dikes so far as authorized at present. Under this latter item 15,545 linear feet of new diking have been constructed and 32,300 linear feet of old dikes have, been raised to, the adopted crest height. The ruling depths at lowest low water and widths of the existing channel from Waterford to Hudson on June 30, 1924, were as follolws: Locality Depth Width Locality Depth Width Feet Feet Feet Feet Hudson to Coxsackie-------------_ 12 400 12 Castleton Bridge to Parda Hook_ 170 Coxsackie to New Baltimore ..... 12 110 Opposite Parda Hook ----------- 11 12 100 160 New Baltimore to Roah Hook_=_ 12 230 Parda Hook to Albany-..... Roah Hook to Castleton Bridgei 11 150 Albany to Troy Lock 112 150 Through East span of Castleton i Troy Lock to Waterford 12 200 Bridge (temporary channel) __ 12 300 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 257 The navigable widths through the draws of bridges spanning the river, measured on a line normal to the channel, are as, follows: Feet Greenbush Bridge, Albany 160 New York Central passenger bridge, Albany---- 90 New York Central freight bridge, Albany 90 Congress Street Bridge, Troy -- 180 Delaware & Hudson bridge, Troy-- -- 45 Cohoes-Lansingburgh, Troy (Bascule span) __---- 200 The following table of monthly averages of daily tide readings at Albany, N. Y., indicate stages above datum plane that may be ex- pected at the different seasons: [Datum=L. L. W.= -- 2.0 M. S. L.= -2.25 M. L. W.] Year Tide ian. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1916_____________ 1 High .- 7. 39 6.21 5.86 9.70 6.78 6.13 5. 72 5. 43 5. 34 5. 20 5. 36 5. 27 Low. .. 6.81 5.36 4. 87 9. 04 4. 89 3. 27 2. 55 2. 10 2. 11 2.07 2. 38 3. 38 1917__-H_____- __ igh_.... 4.98 4.26 7.03 7.93 6.30 7.19 5. 85 5. 48 5. 33 5. 93 5. 79 4. 47 1Low .. 3.37 2.64 6.26 6.76 4.23 5.19 2. 69 2. 11 1.97 3. 21 3. 11 2. 39 1918------------ High.... 4.34 5.99 7.95 9.59 6.30 5.74 5.43 5.26 5. 60 5.69 5. 80 5. 99 Low.... 2.37 4.56 7.36 7.31 3.93 2.63 2. 12 1.97 2.58 2. 82 3.36 3. 73 1919. . High... 9Low.... 5.48 2.93 5.07 2.37 6.63 4.98 7.54 6.07 7. 09 5.20 5.89 2.54 6. 67 2.46 5. 67 2.33 5. 77 2.65 5.94 3.01 6. 53 4. 32 5. 72 3.83 1920. . 1Low_ __ - JfHigh.... 4. 59 2.68 4.75 2. 88 7.54 6.18 9.44 8.49 6.31 3.65 5. 77 2.42 5. 52 2.14 5. 66 2. 33 5. 52 2. 28 5.85 2.49 6. 10 3. 38 7. 14 5. 26 1921- -.. High__-- t. {Low_... 5.30 3.32 5.36 3. 69 8.63 7. 81 6. 73 4. 57 6.29 3. 34 5.31 1.91 5. 83 2. 56 5. 42 1.94 5. 48 2. 03 5. 27 1.96 5. 86 3. 13 5. 79 3. 65 1922J------------ High -- 4. 57 5.34 7.38 9.66 6.39 7. 15 6. 07 5. 69 5. 54 5. 36 5. 15 4.80 1Low-... 2.61 3. 71 5. 99 8. 63 3. 72 4. 61 2. 80 2. 30 2. 08 1.97 1.81 2. 17 1923------------ High -.. 5.08 4.70 6.43 8.61 6.66 5.57 5.34 5.29 5.28 5. 28 5.72 6.59 Low.. 3.51 2.73 4.89 7.30 4.22 2.13 1.84 1.82 1.93 1.98 2.53 4.31 The deepening and widening of the channel under the project of 1892 and existing project has caused an increase in the mean tidal range of the upper portion of the river, extending from Troy to about New Baltimore. The mean range at Albany, as determined in 1910, was 2.9 feet, being approximately 0.6 foot greater than the range previous to the adoption of the project of 1892, which pro- vided for a channel from Coxsackie to the State dam at Troy 12 feet deep at mean low water, equivalent to about 8.9 feet at lowest low water, present datum plane. From recent observations the pres- ent range at Albany is about 3.3 feet, showing an increase of about 0.4 foot, due to the work which has already been completed under the existing project. The navigation season extends usually from about March 15 to December 15; during the remainder of the year the river is usually closed by ice. Dike construction since the first improvement was begun by the State of New York has resulted in the construction of longitudinal dikes on both sides of the river between Troy and Stuyvesant, a dis- tance of about 24 miles, nearly continuous, except where the fixed character of the shores made them unnecessary. Between Stuyvesant and Hudson (the southern limit of the present project) longitudinal dikes have been constructed at Fordham Point and Stockport. The lock and dam and appurtenant works replacing the old State lock and dam at Troy have been completed. Although the channel ex- cavation contemplated under the project has not been completed, the work already done has greatly benefited navigation. 258 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 At Troy Canal tows pass the lock in less than one-sixth of the time required for the old lock. The maximum depth available at lowest low water is 11 feet with a least width of about 200 feet below Albany, and 11 feet, with a least width of between 80 and 85 feet between Albany and Troy. The work remaining to be done consists principally in chan- nel excavation, the construction of new dikes, and the restoration of certain old dikes where found necessary. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $7,425,327.84--$6,512,278.12 for new work and $913,049.72 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $306,806.14. With this it is proposed to- (a) Complete dredging in the vicinity of the New York Central railroad bridge at Albany, under contract now in force, which should be completed about Aug. 1, 1924-------------$116, 806. 14 (b) Operate derrick boat for 2 months in removing isolated rock shoals between Troy and New Baltimore----------------- 5, 000. 00 (c) Operate Government plant, consisting of pile driver, derrick, and concrete mixer, for one month in completing repairs of Hill House Revetment------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 (d) Operate Government plant, same as in (c), preceding for 5 months in repairing the New Baltimore dike 5, 000. 00 7---------- (e) Operate Government plant, as per (c), preceding, for 6 months in repairing the west dike------------------__ 90, 000. 00 (f) Conduct necessary surveys and supervise the construction of bridges for one month----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total ---------------- 306, 806. 14 The sum of $390,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to- (a) Deepen and widen the channel in the vicinity of the Dela- ware and Hudson bridge at Troy to project dimensions (improvement) ------------------------------ ---- $250, 000 (b) Operate dredge Clinton for a period of 5 months in removing shoals that have developed in the channel between Troy and Coxsackie (maintenance) ----------------------------------- 50, 000 (c) Operate Government plant in repairs to dikes for a period of 6 months (maintenance) ------------------------------------ 90, 000 Total ----------------- ----------------- ---- 390, 000 The current in the vicinity of the Delaware & Hudson bridge at Troy is so rapid as to make navigation exceedingly difficult, and the dredging proposed there is important in order to increase the cross- section of the channel and thereby reduce these currents. Recent surveys indicate shoaling at a number of points, and while it is not considered essential to remove these shoals this season, arrangements should be made to care for them during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. The dikes between Troy and New Baltimore are believed to be an important feature in the maintenance of the channel. A number of these dikes have deteriorated, and item (c) is considered necessary in order to restore them and insure the maintenance of the channel at reasonable cost. Commercial statistics.-The major portion of the freight is bulk, such as petroleum, cement, coal, lumber, sand and gravel and stone, which is carried in towed or self-propelled barges and canal boats. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 259 The package freight and passengers are carried by fast river steamers having a maximum draft of 11 feet. Comparative statement Calendar Calendar t Calendar Short tons Value Passengers year Short tons Value Passengers 1919...--------..... 2, 426, 711 $202, 093, 193 609, 699 19222-...... 2, 705, 901 $148, 633, 420 201,892 1920-------- 3, 087, 169 169, 726, 452 575, 853 1923 3-...... 1, 852, 895 87, 855, 014 2, 252, 032 19211.-.....- 1, 936, 901 101, 772, 812 593, 264 1 Exclusive of 827,150 tons cargoes in transit valued at $45,278,577. 2 Exclusive of 1,150,293 tons cargoes in transit valued at $68,179,931. 3 Exclusive of $1,640,663 tons cargoes in transit valued at $95,027,387. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $185,513.33. New work ___________________ - -- $11, 624, 871. 62 Maintenance_1__ -____________- _____ - - 1, 259, 846. 80 Net total expended -________------ ------- 12, 884, 718. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report- -__- ____-- 13, 191, 524. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-..... . $278,518. 13 $442,984. 51 $480, 139. 45 $43, 391:96 $154,843.05 Expended for maintenance 1-. 29, 760. 15 54, 095. 59 54, 888. 35 108, 444. 62 176, 687.73 Total expended I-- _ 308, 278. 28 497, 080. 10 535, 027. 80 151,836. 58 331, 530.78 Appropriated or allotted......-------_---,.- _ 200, 000. 00 380, 000. 00 220, 000. 00 .......... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__________-------------------------- $637, 061. 84 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924___________------ 1, 275. 08 638, 336. 92 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work ---------------------------- $154, 843. 05 For maintenance_____________________ _ 176, 687. 73 331, 530. 78 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ___________ 306, 806. 14 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__ __-- __--- - 27, 483. 88 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 59, 787. 50 87, 271. 38 July 1, 1924, balance available_________-_____ -____ __ 219, 534. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project___________________________ 2710, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year enrding June 30, 1926: For new work __ 2250, 000. 00 For maintenance ----------------------------------- 2140, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------- 2 390, 000. 00 I Not deducting reeeipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 260 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.. S. ARMY, 1924 34. OPERATING ANDCARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN HUDSON RIIVER AT TROY, N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Hudson River, N. Y. See pages 252 to 259, where general information regarding the improve- ment can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since August 18, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam are situated at Troy, N. Y., and were constructed in a pool formed by the old State dam and lock, formerly located 1,400 feet south. Op- eration of the lock for the season of navigation of 1923 was sus- pended on December 31, 1923. The operating machinery was over- hauled, new base castings were placed under the bull wheels of the north gates, the north gates were removed, scraped, painted, and replaced, and the intermediate and lower gates were painted above the water line; the, reconstruction of fender cribs at the northern entrance to the lock was completed; the interiors of the dwellings of the lockmaster and the assistant lockmaster were redecorated; shoals at the southern entrance to the lock were removed; permanent con- nection was made between the generators in the power plant of Henry Ford & Son and the electric operating machinery in the power house at the Federal lock; the work of transforming the lighting sys- tem at the lock in order to utilize the current furnished by Henry Ford & Son was practically completed. The operation of the lock for the season of 1924 was begun on April 26, 1924. Expenditures amounted to $26,886.51, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing works are in good condition. The total expenditures up to July 1, 1924, amounted to $206.323.35, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The lock will be operated and the lock and dam will be maintained. Shoals that may form at the entrances to the lock will be removed. If found necessary the lock will be un- watered for making repairs to and painting the gates and valves. Funds for the work are provided by allotment from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Practically all the commerce carried through the lock is carried in towed or self-propelled canal boats and barges. The principal commodities are grain, sand, clay, gravel and crushed stone, petroleum products, salt, lumber, and coal. Passenger traffic is negligible in quantity and consisted mainly of pleasure craft, as no regular passenger vessels pass the lock. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919_______................... 686,419 $46,740,402 1922 1, 437, 054 $58, 285, 929 1920................... 706,193 38, 960,120 1923 -.... - 1,604,254 71, 073,679 1921-___- - -__._ - - 1,070,996 70,777,954 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 261 The increase in volume of tonnage for the years 1921, 1922, and 1923'as compared with previous years is believed to be due mainly to the fact that more complete data were available. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per centUsual limiPer cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total draft of Class offreight carried of total draft of tonnage vessel tonnage vessel Feet i Feet Grain-............ ... 59. 5 6-10 Salt _ 2. 4 6-10 Sand, clay, gravel, and Lumber-............ -- 6.0 4-9 crushed stone...---------- 3.6 4-11 Coal ---------------------- 1. 8 4-5 Petroleum products . .-- 12. 7 4-11 35. NARROWS OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y. AND VT. Location and description. This waterway is the southern end of Lake Champlain, 37 miles long, between Whitehall and Crown Point, N. Y. The portion included in the project extends from Whitehall, N. Y., at the southern extremity of the lake, northerly to Benson Landing, Vt., a distance of 131/2 statute miles. Burlington Harbor, Vt., is 70 statute miles by water north of Whitehall, and New York City is 214 miles south by water via the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal and the Hudson River. This reach is a link of the international waterway between New York City and Montreal, a distance of about 400 miles via the Hudson River, Cham- plain Canal, Lake Champlain, Richelieu River, Chambly Canal, and St. Lawrence .River. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 174.) Original condition.-The channel through the reach under im- provement was narrow and tortuous, with a controlling depth of from 91/2 to 10 feet at low lake level and widths varying from 75 to 200 feet. The depth limiting through traffic to Canadian waters was and is that of the Chambly Canal-7 feet. The head of navigation for lake traffic was and is at the canal lock at Whitehall. Previous projects.-Under appropriations of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, July 7, 1838, August 30, 1852, and March 3, 1855, an un- known amount of work was done in Whitehall Harbor, which is at the southern end of the Narrows; the expenditures on this work included the cost of constructing a dredge. The project adopted August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 138 and S. Doc. No. 211, 48th Cong., 2d sess.), as modified by the acts of July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1899, provided for a channel from Whitehall, N. Y., to deep water in Lake Champlain, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and from 100 to 200 feet wide, and for fender-boom protection to prevent collisions of boats with rocky shores at Putts Rock, at a point near Beacon No. 8, and at Pulpit Rock. Estimated cost, $121,000, including cer- tain maintenance work not separated in the estimate. The cost of maintenance was estimated at $2,500 annually. The total expendi- tures under all projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1917 amounted to $101,140.35--$82,000 for new work and $19,140.35 for maintenance. Existing project.--This provides for a,channel extending from Whitehall, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, to Benson Land- 262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ing, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and of a general width of 200 feet on the bottom, and the installation of fender booms at Putts Rock, Putts Leap, Narrows near Dresden, Pulpit Point, and Cedar Mountain. The reference plane of the low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The length of the section included in the project for improvement is about 131/2 statute miles. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above the low-water reference. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $737,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doe. No. 1387, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities which serve the improvement are located in Whitehall Harbor, and consist of three timber wharves, aggregating 4,200 feet in length, all of which are privately owned. Approximately 2,600 feet of these wharves are open to public use. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal at Whitehall, just south of the terminus of the canal, which has been equipped with a 15-ton hand-operated derrick and a storehouse. (For) full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in increas- ing navigation facilities as well as in reducing the difficulties to navigation. It connects the northern terminus of the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal system with deep water in Lake Champlain, thereby providing a through waterway between New York City anid Canada, and permits the use of large tugboats with a draft of about 12 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The existing fender booms were maintained throughout the year. The expenditures, amounting to $32,633.81, were in payment of outstanding liabilities and of office expenses and contingencies; $32,211.39 for new work and $422.42 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 77 per cent com- pleted. The existing fender booms at the Elbow and opposite the Delaware & Hudson Co.'s coal trestle are, in fair condition. The controlling depths at low lake level throughout the reach under im- provement are as follows: Locality Depth Width Locality Depth Width Feet Feet Feet Feet Whitehall to the Elbow ----------- 12 150 The Elbow to Bensons Landing. 12 150 At the Elbow -... ...... __-.... 12 110 The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $594,651.69-$566,811.14 for new work and $27,840.55 for main- tenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT: 263 Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924, was $6,707.96. It is proposed to reserve this for such maintenance operations as may prove necessary and in the maintenance of fender bodms. No funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as the sum now available will, it is believed, care for all necessary maintenance operations until that time. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of coal, lumber and its products, clay, iron ore and foodstuffs. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 _ -__ 323, 023 $9, 185, 389 1922 1_-_ _- _- - --.... 33, 810 $922, 650 1920 449, 970 11,108, 847 19231 ..... 116,124 7, 724, 208 ....------------------- 1921 _ 207,709 5,967,026 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit Cargoes in transit Year Year Tons Value Tons Value 1922_-__--186,622 $15,728,603 1923..--------------------249,520 $18,251,623 The decrease in tonnage for 1921 and 1922 as compared with pre- vious years was due mainly to the relatively small amount of iron ore transported. The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total odraft loadedf lass of freight carried of total loaded odraft tonnage draft of draft of vessel tonnage vessel Feet Feet Coal _______________ - - _ 17. 8 6-8 Iron ore ________________ 5. 2 7-8 Wood and its products ... 58. 8 6-8 Foodstuffs- -----__---_ -- 5. 6 6-8 Clay ........ ........... 5. 0 7-8 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $115.03: New work__-----------------------------------------_ $648, 811.44 Maintenance ---------------------------------- 46, 980. 90 Net total expended- ------ 95, 792. 04 6---------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report---------- --------- 702, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- -_ $202, 659. 59 $183, 078. 01 $114, 287. 53 $17, 999. 91 $32, 211. 39 Expended for maintenance 1 ---- 30. 00 50. 00 50. 00 27, 165. 01 422. 42 Total expended 1 202, 689. 59 183, 128. 01 114, 337. 53 45,164. 92 32, 633. 81 Appropriated or allotted .-- --- --------.. 50, 000. 00 40, 000. 00- - 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 10710--ENG 1924- -18 264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ $39, 341. 77 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -------------------------------- 32, 211. 39 For maintenance- - -______ 422. 42 32, 633. 81 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------ 6, 707.96 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 4. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available___ 6, 703. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1'163, 000. 00 36. BURLINGTON HARBOR, VT. Location and description.-This harbor, about 100 acres in extent, is located in a half-moon-shaped indentation in the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, about 40 statute miles south of the international boundary line, 70 statute miles north of the southern end or head of the lake, and 20 statute miles southeast of the harbor at Plattsburg, N. Y. It lies along the wharf front of the city of Burlington, Vt., behind a breakwater built by the United States. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 172.) Original condition.-There was ample depth of water in the har- bor (which was an open roadstead) and along the wharves, but vessels were without protection against the seas rolling in from Lake Champlain during storms. Winds from the northwest to southwest create seas having a fetch of over 10 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for an irregular-shaped break- water 6,000 feet long, located about 1,000 feet from the shore and practically parallel with' it, to be built of stone-filled timber cribs, capped with large stone or concrete. The completed breakwater is to be in two sections, the northerly 500 feet being separated from the southerly 5,500 feet by a gap 200 feet wide, for the purpose of safety in entering the harbor during storms. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above low lake level, but the usual annual variation is 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1886, is $923,442. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. .The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the first 1,000 feet of the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 12, 1866, provided for a 1,500-foot extension (H. Doc. No. 56, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and the Annual Report for 1866, pp. 17 and 179)_; the act of March 3, 1875, provided for a 2,000-foot extension (Annual Report for 1874, p. 274); and in 1886 a plan was adopted for an extension southerly of 1,000 feet and northerly 500 feet (An- nual Report for 1887, p. 2407). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1897, page 3298. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 265 Teaminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of 20 wharves of the crib and open pile type of construction, aggregating 15,790 feet in length; all privately owned, with the exception of one wharf 600 feet long, which is owned by the city of Burlington and which is open to the public. The majority of the above wharves have railroad connections and are equipped with light transfer facilities. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities,see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this port during gales from the west is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which also affords to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, numbering about 75 yearly. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year:-The project is about 77 per cent completed. A breakwater has been built in two sections, 364 feet and 3,793 feet in length, respectively, separated by a gap of 200 feet in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The total length of break- water built to June 30, 1924, is therefore 4,157 feet. Of the super- structure, 3,567 linear feet have been rebuilt and a protecting rubble mound 1,450 feet long has been built, of which length 250 feet is along the lake face of the northern section, 1,165 feet is along the lake face of the southern section, and 35 feet is along the lake face of the lighthouse pier at the north end of the breakwater. Further exten- sion of the breakwater is being held in abeyance until the city of Burlington has adopted a definite plan for the improvement of its water front. The stone superstructure of the northern detached section of the breakwater has settled, and in several places has been displaced and has fallen into the lake, due to the spreading of the substructure cribs and uneven settlement in the rubble foundation. The timber superstructure of the southernmost crib of the northern or detached-; section, and of the southern section of the main breakwater has de- teriorated to such an extent as to require renewal, and several sec- tions of the breakwater are settling unevenly. During the winter of 1922-23, a section of the stone superstructure, approximately 60 feet in length, of the main breakwater was destroyed by ice and wave action. The controlling depth is about 8.5 feet at low lake level ate the wharves, increasing considerably toward the breakwater. The distinction between new work and maintenance was not made in the early reports, hence it is impossible to state the amounts ex- pended for new work and maintenance prior to 1886. To Septem- ber 30, 1886, total expenditures amounted to $501,811.07; the total expenditures since 1886 amounted to $825,650.62-$706,414.11 for new work and $119,236.51 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on Jtune 30, 1924, was $45,000. With this it is proposed to replace 242 feet of worn-out timber superstructure at the southern end of the breakwater with concrete and to place rubble in front of this section. This work should be completed on October 1, 1924. 266 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 It is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be necessary in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of lumber, petroleum products, and general mer- chandise. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919........-----------. 60, 650 $5, 473, 140 64, 730 1922---- .. ... 40, 047 $4, 455, 348 71,610 1920----------- 46, 579 8,064, 286 67, 783 1923_---------- 35, 819 3, 310, 437 92, 480 1921....----------- 26, 279 6, 206, 377 77, 675 The decrease in tonnage for 1921 as compared with previous years was due mainly to the relatively small amount of lumber and petro- leum products transported. The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried of total of loaded Class of freight carried of total of loaded tonnage vessels tonnage vessels Feet Feet Lumber............------------------- 57. 2 6-8 General merchandise -- 28. 1 9-11 Petroleum products ... 8. 2 5-9 Financial sumlary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $163.35: New work ----------------------------------------- $706, 414. 11 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 119,; 236. 51 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 825, 650. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report 70, 650. 62 8-------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended fornew work -- - -- --- ------ --- !xpended for maintenance 1... . $2,509. 10 $381. 10 .. $306. 24 .$558. 06- Appropriated or allotted --------- -------------------- $45, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------$45, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------- 45, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of project__ existing existing roject--- ___ ------------------------------ _27 0.0 00 173,000. 2__________ 37. PLATTSBURG HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-Thisharbor embraces an area of about 25 acres along the westerly shore of Cumberland Bay, an arm of i Not deducting receipts from sales. etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 267 Lake Champlain, 30 statute miles south of the international bound- ary line, 86 statute miles north of the south end of the lake and 20 statute miles northwest of the harbor at Burlington, Vt. The harbor proper is that portion of the bay between the wharf front of the city of Plattsburg, N. Y., and the breakwater constructed by the United States. It is about 1,500 feet long and of varying width, (See United States Lake Survey chart No. 172.) Original condition.-The controlling depth was about 6 feet at low lake level, but the water front was unprotected and subject to the action of southeasterly storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a breakwater about 1,565 feet long, built of timber cribs filled with rubblestone and capped with large stone and extending from a point about 750 feet south of the outer face of South Dock in a generally northeasterly direc- tion to a point about 1,400 feet from shore; for dredging to a depth of 9 feet at low lake level between the breakwater and the wharves; and for the revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above the low-water reference. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1910, is $217,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the construction of a breakwater 1,000 feet in length (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the project, as modified in 1870, provided for the extension of the breakwater in a northeasterly direction for a distance of 400 feet, with dredging between the breakwater and the wharves, and the revetment or the beach in front of the United States reservation (H. Doc. No. 89, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1870, p. 55) ; the 'act of September 19, 1890, provided for the further exten- sion of the breakwater for a distance of 300 feet beyond the section 1,250 feet in length already built (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2458) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for completing the improve- ment (H. Doc. No. 759, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 406, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of four timber wharves, aggregating 1,780 feet in length, 400 feet of which are open to the public; all are privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal ter- minal about 1 mile north of the breakwater. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this port during gales from the east and southeast is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which 268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 also gives to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, num- bering about 75 yearly. The improvement also permits the use of larger lake steamers which ply daily between this port and Burling- ton, Vt., during the navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Expenditures during the year, amounting to $114.67, were in payment of office and contingent expens and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed. The breakwater was completed in 1893. As now constructed, with its lake face protected by a rubble mound for practically its entire length, the breakwater is in a generally good condition. The project depth of 9 feet at low lake level was secured in 1913. The control- ling depth is now about 8.5 feet at low lake level. The revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation has not been undertaken, as the material washed therefrom into the harbor can be more readily and economically removed by periodical dredging. The distinction between new work and maintenance was not made in the early reports, hence it is impossible to state the amount ex- pended for maintenance prior to 1910. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $232,903.76; since 1910 the ex- penditure for maintenance totals $34,488.63, leaving $198,415.13 expended on new work and maintenance prior to 1910. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance on June 30, 1924. was $885.33. With this it is proposed to build up a few points in the breakwater where the rock has been washed out. This work should be completed by August 31, 1924. The sum of $2,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. With this it is proposed to bring back to full section the sections of the breakwater where wave action has dis- placed the rock. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of petroleum products, general merchandise, and wood pulp. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919----------- 4,747 $1, 359, 325 64, 730 1922_......... 4, 069 $1,061,456 99, 243 1920----------- 4, 853 1, 545,599 67, 838 192377.-8- 3, 702 441,304 92,480 1921- 3, 951 1,480,808 77, 866 The tonnage for 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given inthe following table: Usual Usual Per cent of limit of Per cent of limit of Class of freight carried total loaded Class of freight carried total loaded tonnage draft of tonnage draft of vessel vessel Feet Feet 'Petroleum products - 56.7 5 Wood pulp_ ._----_ 5. 9 7 Gene al merchandise 37. 4 11 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 269 Finaneialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $383.35: New work--------------------------------------------- $198, 415. 13 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 34, 488. 63 Net total expended----------------- 232, 903. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report - ---- __ 233, 789. 09 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-------------- Expended for maintenance 1-.... $12, 283. 51 $356. 81 $308. 83 $553. 01 $114. 67 Appropriated or allotted 1,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------------$1, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance.. 114. 67 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_- 885. 33 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance--- - 2, 000. 00 38. PORT HENRY HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor consists of an irregular area along the westerly shore of Lake Champlain extending about 2 miles north from the entrance to Bulwagga Bay. It is about 35 statute miles north of Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, and about 46 statute miles south of Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 174.) Original condition.--The harbor was protected from the east, south, and west by the shores of the lake, but was exposed to north- erly and northeasterly winds, which occasionally were of such severity as to render it dangerous for vessels to lie at the wharves. Water shoaler than 12 feet extended for 500 to 1,000 feet out from the general shore line. The depth at the wharves ranged from 5 to 7 feet at low lake level. The average depth during the season of navigation was probably from 2 to 3 feet more than this. The harbor had a good bottom for anchorage. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging to a depth of 12 feet at low lake level over an area 500 feet wide and extending about 3,000 feet along the water front of Port Henry. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above low lake level, but the usual annual variation is from 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost to the United States for new work, made in 1917, is $71,500. It also provides for the contribu- tion of $10,000 additional by local interests. It seems probable that the completed improvement will be permanent, and therefore no es- timate for annual maintenance is submitted. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 369, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the project is subject to the condition that no work shall be undertaken until local interests have contributed $10,000 toward the cost of the work. This sum was contributed May 23, 1918. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of an ore dock approximately 850 feet in length, equipped with modern ore-handling machinery. The State of New York has.constructed a barge canal terminal on the north side of the harbor, which also affords protection from northern gales. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement provides a harbor for anchorage of ore boats awaiting cargoes, as well as access to the Barge Terminal on the north side of the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.--None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 99 per cent completed. The work has resulted in excavating to project depth practically all of the area covered by the project, and is believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. The total expendi- tures under the existing project amounted to $80,500, $79,406.46 for new work and $1,093.54 for maintenance. Of these amounts $70,500 were from United States funds and $10,000 from con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.-No funds were available ion June 30, 1924. It is not anticipated that any maintenance operations will be neces- sary in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Therefore, no funds can be profitably expended in that year. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1923 consisted mainly of iron ore, pig iron, and petroleum products. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ......... 43, 556 $236, 416 1,973 1922 ... .. .. _ _ 10, 865 $139, 401 1,319 1920----------- 117, 845 1, 185, 322 380 1923 21, 648 299, 136 1, 200 1921 .....------------ 2, 919 40, 778 3, 181 The tonnage of 1923 was carried in vessels usually loaded to 8 to 12 feet in draft. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22.50: New work------------------------------------- $69, 406. 46 Maintenance--------------------- 1, 093. 54 Net total expended - 70, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report .... 70, 500. 00 1 In addition $10,000 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT' 271 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work------------------- Expended for maintenance 1-_- $178. 89 $89. 97 --- $351. 52 $473. 16 -- ------- Appropriated or allotted ..-..- ---- ------------ -- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER. AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 4, 1915, AUGUST 8, 1917, MARCHI 2, 1919, JUNE 5, 1920, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, August 8, 1917, March 2,. 1919, June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer.. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Har- bors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated. 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Flushing Bay and' Creek, N. Y.-Reports dated January 21, 1921, and June 7, 1923,. are printed in House Document No. 124, Sixty-eighth Congress,. first session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of providing a channel 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the East River to the Broadway Bridge, and thence 12 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing uniformly in width from 200 to 160, at an estimated cost of $253,000, with $10,000 annually for main- tenance, this improvement being recommended subject to certain con- ditions of local cooperation. 2. Preliminaryexamination and survey of Glencove Creek, N. Y.- Reports dated February 16, 1923, and December 11, 1923, with map, are printed in House Document No. 207, Sixty-eighth Con- gress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented to the ex- tent of providing a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water from deep water in Hempstead Harbor to the head of navigation, at an estimated cost of $53,500, with $6,000 the first year and $4,000 annually thereafter for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local" cooperation. 3. Preliminary examination and survey of Hudson River Chan- nel at Weehaw'ken and Edgewater, N. J.-Reports dated January 11, 1923, and January 24, 1924, are printed in House Document No. 313, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of providing a channel 750 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water, at an estimated cost of $970,000, with $40,000 annually for maintenance for the first three years and' $20,000 annually thereafter, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 4. Preliminary examination and survey of waterway connecting Gravesend Bay with Jamaica Bay, N. Y.-Reports dated December 27, 1919, and August 30, 1922, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 111, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of providing a depth of 15 272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 feet at mean low tide and a width of 250 feet where a, right of way has to, be acquired and 400 feet elsewhere, at an estimated cost of :$2,000,000 with $30,000 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local coop- eration. 5. Preliminary examination and survey of Hudson River, N. Y., from Hudson to the dam at Troy, with a view? to securing a depth of 27 feet, with suitable swidth.-Reports dated January 8, 1916, and January 23, 1924, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 350, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan is presented recommending a modification of the existing project for improve- ment of the river between Hudson and Waterford, N. Y., to provide for a channel 400 feet wide through rock cuts, 300 feet elsewhere, and 27 feet deep at mean low water, from that depth at Hudson to the Albany-Greenbush Bridge in Albany, at an estimated cost of $11,200,000 with $300,000 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of East Chester Creek, N. Y.--Report dated December 28, 1922, was transmitted to Congress December 12, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminaryexamination of Flushing Bay, N. Y.--Report dated February 19, 1923, was transmitted to Congress December 22, 1923, The improvement of this locality by the United States by providing for a deep channel along the western shore, to be dredged at such time as the city of New York shall undertake terminal or other im- provements on that shore, is not deemed advisable at the present time. 3. Preliminary examination of Gowanus Creek Channel from the foot of Percival Street to Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., 'ith a view to deepening the same to 26 feet at mean loo water.-Report dated January 20, 1923, was transmitted to Congress December 10, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present, time. 4. Preliminaryexamination of Huntington Harbor,N. Y.--Report dated July 24, 1923, was transmitted to Congress December 15, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time to a greater extent than is authorized by the existing project. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, August 8, 1917, March 2, 1919, June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Bronx (Harlem) Kills, N. Y., looer end of Hudson River to Loq Island Sound. 2. Harlem River, N. Y. 3. Bay Ridge Channel, New York Hiarbor, N. Y. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 273 4. Jamaica Bay, with a viewo to obtaining a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep to and through Great South Bay to Peconic Bay, .icludingchannels to, Parsonage and Sumpawoans River and Free- port and Massapequa Creeks. This item, contained in the river and Iharbor act aproved March 2, 1907, is modified in the act of August 8, 1917, to permit the consideration of a,channel of suitable depth and width. 5. Upper Bay, New York Harbor, with a view to protecting Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels by the construction of a breakwater on the outer side of the Bay Ridge and Red Hook Shoal, in connec- tion with any proposition from the city of New York for construct- ing docks and piers by reclaiming and filling in said shoal may be considered; and widening Bay Ridge, and Red Hook Channels to a suitable width not exceeding 2,000 feet with a depth of 40 feet. 6. Twelve-foot channel from Peconic Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y. 7. Milton Harbor, N. Y. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT This district includes Staten Island, N. Y., and the northeastern part of New Jersey from Newark Bay and its tributaries on the north to Toms River on the south. District Engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. Division Engineer : Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. I M PROVE MI N TS [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page Page 1. Newark Bay, Hackensack and 7. Cheesequake Creek, N . J. Passaic Rivers, N. J .------. 273 (AS) 297 2. New York and New Jersey 8. Keyport Harbor, N. J. (A6)__ 299 Channels _--_---------- 281 9. Matawan Creek, N. J. (A7)__ 302 3. Elizabeth River, N. J. (Al)___ 287 10. Shoal Harbor and Compton 4. Woodbridge Creek, N. J. (A2)- 289 Creek, N. J. (A8)-------- 302 5. Raritan River, N. J. (A3) ... 292 11. Shrewsbury River, N. J. 6. South River, N. J. (A4) ------ 295 (A9) ----- ____ 305 1. NEWARK BAY, HACKENSACK AND PASSAIC RIVERS, N. J. Location and description.- Newark Bay is an estuary about 1 mile wide between bulkhead lines and 6 miles long, extending southerly from the confluence of the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers to the Kill van Kull or Staten Island Sound, thus connecting with the waters of Upper and Lower New York Bay. The Hackensack River rises near Haverstraw, Rockland County, N. Y., and flows southerly to the head of Newark Bay. It is about 45 miles long. Its drainage area is 201.6 square miles; its minimum discharge at the mouth is about 46 second-feet; its maximum dis- charge is about 7,740 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable to New Milford, about 201/5 miles from the mouth. The width between banks in this portion of the river varies between 100 and 2,500 feet. The Passaic River rises in the highlands of northeastern New Jersey and flowvs in an easterly and southerly direction. It is 274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 about 80 miles long. Its drainage area is about 949 square miles; its: minimum discharge at the mouth is about 155 second-feet; its: maximum discharge is about 17,020 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable up to the Dundee Rapids above Passaic, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between banks of the improved section varies between 300 and 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 287 and 369, and U. S. Geological Survey chart of New York City and vicinity.) Original condition.-Before improvement the controlling depth in Newark Bay was about 8 feet at mean low water at the upper end, gradually increasing to a depth of over 30 feet at the lower end. The width between the 8-foot curves varied from 220 feet near the upper end to over 2,000 feet at the lower end. Bars at the mouth of the Hackensack River limited navigation in that waterway to a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water to the Newark and New York Railroad bridge, a distance of 1.1 miles. The widths for this depth extended over several hundred feet. From this bridge to Little Ferry, a distance of 123/4 miles, the natural chan- nel was 12 feet or more deep and of ample width. From Little Ferry to Court Street, Hackensack, 21/4 miles, the limiting width was about 100 feet, and the depth from 5 to 6 feet. Thence to New Milford, the head of navigation, there was little depth and practi- oally no commerce. In the Passaic River the available depth to Center Street, 4.2 miles above the mouth, was about 7 feet. Mud and sand flats at the mouth limited navigation to this depth. At places the width of this chan- nel was not over 100 feet. Above Center Street to Passaic, where through navigation was cut off by the dam of the Dundee Water Co., the channel was obstructed by several rock and gravel bars, which gave controlling depths of 21/2 to 3 feet and a width of about 200 feet. Previous projects.-An appropriation was made by Congress Au- gust 30, 1852, of $10,000 for improvement of Newark Bay; also $2,000 for a survey of same. A report of the survey was made under date of January 27, 1853. A 6-foot project of improvement for a part of Passaic River, which still applies between the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge and Passaic, was adopted June 10, 1872. A 10-foot project for the upper part of the bay and lower part of Passaic River was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. A project for a 12-foot channel in the bay and lower reaches of Passaic River was adopted by the act of June 13, 1902. The 12-foot project was superseded by a 16-foot project adopted March 2, 1907, which still applies in a small stretch of the river below the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge. A 20-foot project was adopted July 25, 1912, for the bay and Passaic River be- low the Nairn Linoleum Works, and still applies in the river. The original project for the improvement of the Hackensack River was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, and still applies from a point 4,800 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge to Hackensack. A 16- foot project adopted March 2, 1919, applied to the lower reaches of the Hackensack River. The total amount expended under previous projects in these waterways prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 was $2,023,321.46 for new work and $727,078.48 for E~TVERS AND IHARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT 275 maintenance, a total of $2,750,399.94. For further details of previous projects see pages 377, 381, and 384 of Annual Report for 1922. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Newark Bay 30 feet deep and about 1,800 feet wide at the entrance, including the re- moval to a depth of 30 feet of the rock area at Bergen Point, shown on project map as area A, narrowing to 400 feet below the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge across the bay, and continuing with that width to the junction of the Passaic and Hackensack River Ichannels, a distance of about 5 miles, with a branch channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, widened at the turn, to the Port Newark Terminal extending from the main channel as far as the United States pierhead line, a distance of 1,200 feet; a channel in the Hack- rensack River 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, from the upper end of the Newark Bay channel to the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge, about 1.1 miles, thence 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide to deep water located about 4,800 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge, :about 1.6 miles, thence 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Little Ferry, 11.2 miles, and thence 12 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad bridge, 21/ miles, a total plant, etc., amounted to $87,422.28, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 35-foot channel was com- pleted in 1914. The 40-foot channel was about 64 per cent com- pleted at the end of the fiscal year, and had resulted in a channel 29.5 feet deep at mean low water for the full project width of 750 feet, within the limits of which was a channel about 300 feet wide and 37 feet deep at mean low water, which was the controlling depth 472 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 for the width stated at the last examination of the shoal, in June, 1923. The work remaining to be done is the completion of the 40- foot channel to the project width of 750 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project was $1,966,624.38, of which $1,950,647.76 was for new work and $15,976.62 for maintenance. Of this ex- penditure, the sum of $1,6L6,624.38 was expended for work on the modification of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $170,375.62 for expenditure on this improvement, includ- ing the sum of $60,735.02 due from the Baltimore, Md., district, for reimbursement of operating expenses, rental, etc., of the U. S. dredge Chinook, and the sum of $60,000 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) New work (dredging with Government plant): Dredging for increasing the dimensions of the channel between Hamp- ton Roads and the ocean toward a depth of 40 feet at mean low water and a width of 750 feet, 664,912 cubic yards, at 20 cents_---------------------------------_ $132,982. 40 (b) Payment of outstanding liabilities incurred in connection with dredging in previous fiscal year---------------_ 22, 617. 44 (c) Engineering, supervision and contingencies- ---- _-_ 14, 775. 78 Total 170, 375. 62 1------------------------------- It is proposed to accomplish the above work with a Government- owned seagoing dredge, operated by hired labor, between July and November, 1924, at an estimated monthly expenditure of about $30,000. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $400,000, to be applied to continuation of dredging for increasing the dimensions of the chan- nel between Hampton Roads and the ocean toward a depth of 40 feet at mean low water and a width of 750 feet. Commercial statistics.-The commerce passing through the chan- nel in 1923 comprised the greater part of the foreign traffic and a considerable portion of the coastwise traffic of Norfolk and New- port News carried principally in vessels of 25 to 28 feet draft. A portion of the traffic of Chesapeake Bay also passed through the channel. The chief articles composing the above traffic were bitumi- nous coal, fertilizer materials, lumber, pulpwood and other forest products, crude petroleum, leaf and manufactured tobacco, wheat, ,cotton, gypsum, manufactures of iron and steel, foodstuffs, and a great variety of other articles. It is not practicable to state the proportions of the traffic of the above ports and of Chesapeake Bay carried through the channel.: The channel is also used by vessels drawing 25 feet and over calling at Hampton Roads ports for bunker fuel and for other purposes. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $812.23: New work___--- ----------------------------------- $1, 950, 647. 76 Maintenance --------------- ------------------- 15, 976. 62 Net total expended --------- --------------- 1, 966, 624. 38 "Total appropriations to date of this report---- 2, 137, 000. 00 RIVERS AND I ARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 473 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 i 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- -- $348, 265. 87 $422, 207. 70 $146, 758.41 $200, 781. 59 $87, 422. 28 Expended for maintenance 1-----.--------------.--- .... --.... 15, 976. 62 .. Total expended 1 .. .. 348, 265. 87 422, 207. 70 146, 758. 41 216, 758. 21 87, 422. 28 Appropriated or allotted .... - 210, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 -------------- 135, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---___ -__-_________- - $122, 150. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 __---------- -------------- 5, 000. 00 7___ Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924------------- ------------------------ 60, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 647. 80 257, 797.90 .June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1 87, 422. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended _________- __----_170, 375. 62 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities________-- - __ -__-_ 22, 617. 44 .July 1, 1924, balance available----------------------------- 147, 758. 18 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___ -- __________--____-__- 2 625, 840. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1926, for new work ----------- _-- 400, 000. 00, 3. CHANNEL TO NEWPORT NEWS, VA. (A3) Location and description.--The channel to Newport News, which is 10 miles west of Norfolk Harbor, connects deep water in James River with Hampton Roads. The improvement made under the project of 1902 followed the deep-water channel south of the Middle Ground Light. The channel at present under improvement is a straight cut north of this light. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 400.) Original condition.-The channel to Newport News was 25 feet deep at mean low water for a minimum width of 2,500 feet, and was not sufficiently deep for commercial or naval vessels. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted June 13, 1902. The amount expended thereunder prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project was $237,500, of which $225,000 was for new work and $12,500 for maintenance. For fur- ther details of previous project see page 1795 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 600 feet wide, 35 feet deep at mean low water, and 31/4 miles long through the shoal north of Middle Ground Light. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.7 feet and the extremes 2.1 and 3 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuations, due to combined wind and tides, referred to mean low water, are--2 feet and 7 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $850,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. 1 Not deductig receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 474 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The estimate, of annual cost for maintenance (1910) is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 400 feet in width (H. Doc. No. 550, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the increase in width to 600 feet (H. Doc. No. 605, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 6, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended the further improve- ment of the channel from Old Point to Newport News, Va., to the ex- tent of providing a channel 40 feet deep and 600 feet wide, increased to 1,000 feet at the ends, at an estimated cost of $714,000 for new work and $20,000 anually for maintenance. (See H. Doc. No. 486, 67th Cong., 4th sess.) Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of the adoption of the project, and there has been no cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned pier at Newport News, which is the property of the city and which is open to general public use on equal terms. All of the other piers and wharves served by this improvement are owned by private corporations or companies. The principal terminal and transfer facilities are those of the Chesa- peake & Ohio Railway Co., comprising three coal piers, six freight piers, and one passenger pier. These piers have depths of 18 to 36 feet .at mean low water. The docks pertaining to the Newport News Ship- building & Dry Dock Co., include seven large piers, some of which have launching ways for small vessels and others for larger vessels up to the largest battleships, three dry docks, and a number of piers with wide slips between them for handling freight. There are also at Newport News a wharf used by steamers of the Old Dominion Steamship Co. and a small boat harbor, both of which are open to general public use on equal terms, and a pier owned by a corpora- tion engaged in making marine repairs, which is reserved for the use of the owners. Physical connection by rail exists between the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway and that company's docks and the ship- yard docks, but no others. All of the docks are connected with the street system of Newport News. The terminal facilities are adequate for present necessities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Larger and deeper draft vessels have been able to use the channel, and transportation by water has been rendered easier, safer, and better. No data,are available as to the effect of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-- None. The expendi- ture of $1,365.72 was for payment of outstanding liabilities in con- nection with maintenance dredging during the preceding fiscal year, for office expenses, and collection of commercial statistics, and is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The approved project ivas com- pleted April 20, 1921, resulting in a channel 600 feet wide and 35 feet deep at mean low water throughout. Maintenance operations to pre- serve these dimensions have been carried on, and the controlling depth at the last examination, which was made in May, 1923, was 35 feet at mean low water for the full project width. The total ex- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA. DISTRICT 475 penditure under the existing project was $899,001.46, of which $807,- 515.54 was for new work and $91,485.92 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $10,998.54 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, dredging will be done for maintenance of the improved channel to project dimensions. No additional funds for the fiscal year are required, as the unex- pended balance is sufficient for necessary maintenance until June :30, 1926. Commercial statistics. The water-borne commerce of the port of Newport News, Va., for the calendar year 1923, exclusive of cargoes in transit and railroad car-ferry traffic, amounted to 4,879,778 short tons, with an estimated value of $60,698,837. The tonnage was about 53 per cent greater than that of 1922, and its value about 102 per -cent greater. Bituminous coal, exported and shipped coastwise, formed about 94 per cent of the increase in tonnage. The remainder resulted from increases in imports and exports. The increase in value resulted from the increased tonnages of imports and exports, notwithstanding their having lower average values in 1923 than in 1922. The tonnages and values of the different trades compared with those of 1922 were approximately as follows: Imports, 245 per cent greater in tonnage and 131 per cent greater in value; exports, 298 per cent greater in tonnage and 131 per cent greater in value; out- bound, coastwise-consisting only of coal in 1922-14 per cent greater in tonnage and 46 per cent greater in value. The inbound coastwise in 1923 amounted to 20,917 tons with a value of $3,366,646, while in 1922 the tonnage was only 132 tons, with a value of $66,000. In- ternal traffic decreased 82 per cent in tonnage and 39 per cent in value. The above decreases resulted from no internal shipments of coal being made in 1923. The chief imports were pulp wood, wood pulp, asphalt, and iron ore. The chief exports were bituminous coal, wheat flour, leaf tobacco, starch, and lumber. The chief com- modity received coastwise was sugar and that shipped coastwise bituminous coal. The tonnages of other commodities received and :shipped in the coastwise trade were small. The aggregate coal re- ported dumped at the Newport News coal piers amounted to 5,232,- 715 tons, or about 44 per cent greater than in 1922. The tonnage of coal exported in 1923, 1,452,215 short tons, was about 406 per cent greater than in 1922, and that shipped coastwise, 3,093,650 short tons. Bunker coal furnished amounted to 601,494 short tons. The number of cargoes of coal shipped and the standard full-load drafts of the vessels used were as follows: Exported, two cargoes in motorships, ,one of less than 18 feet draft and one of about 25 feet draft; 226 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from less than 18 feet to about 30 feet; and 32 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts from 18 feet to about 22 feet; outbound coastwise, 284 cargoes in steamships with drafts of from less than 18 feet to about 26 feet; 39 cargoes in sail vessels with drafts from less than 18 feet to about 26 feet; and 520 cargoes in barges with drafts from under 18 feet to 24 feet. As all cargoes, other than coal, generally consisted of a variety of commodi- ties, it is not practicable to state the drafts of vessels carrying differ- tent kinds of freight. 476 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement In transit R ilroad car ferry Calendar Tons Value Passengers year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 .... 4, 157, 499 $106, 328, 193 4, 535, 538 $810,881, 512 355, 423 $60, 879, 282 1 718, 095, 1920 ...... 6, 860, 523 111,109, 664 2, 404,797 384, 327, 513 534, 086 47, 294, 615 2 519, 914 1921 .... 3, 855, 376 41, 046, 863 1,968, 414 257, 055, 325 303, 501 23, 425, 725 31, 090, 963 1922 ....-.. 3,198,164 30,001, 907 2,156, 707 374, 717, 837 812, 595 124, 552, 206 3 796, 159, 1923 ...- _ 4,879, 778 60, 698, 837 2, 340, 943 347, 135, 714 828, 116 30, 837, 099 3 943, 713:, 1 Includes passengers on Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. ferry and Chesapeake ferries between Newport News, and Norfolk, Va. 2 Complete statistics not available. 3 Passengers on Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. ferry, Chesapeake ferries, and Smithfield. Newport News & Norfolk Steamboat Co. Financial sumnmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work -- - $1, 032, 515. 54 Maintenance 103, 985. 92 Net total expended -------------------- 1, 136, 501. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 147, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---------.... $236, 266. 55 $79, 751. 20 Expended for maintenance_ ._... .. _ --------------- $71,221.38 $16, 360.81 $1,365. 72 Appropriated or allotted -------- . ------- --------------------------- 20, 000. 00 _ __ July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------$12, 364. 26 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 1, 365. 72 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-- - 10, 998. 54 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,884.22: New work ------------------------------------------- $9, 499, 512. 64 Maintenance ----------------------------------- _- -- 301.442. 81 Net total expended- -------------- 9, 800, 955. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report---- 10, 354, 344. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-... $1, 756, 359. 43 $1, 229, 541. 62 $243, 503. 26 $457,809. 98 $344, 075. 87 Expended for maintenance 1..------ ..... ... 4, 539. 56 82, 901. 05 75, 133. 86 27, 867. 68 Total expended 1.-.--.I 1, 756, 359. 43 1, 234, 081. 18 326, 404. 31 532, 943. 84 371, 943. 55 Appropriated or allotted- ---...-- -- ----- 485, 000. 00 600, 000. 00 470, 000. 00 292, 400. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND IHARBORS-N ORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 477 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------.------ $632, 211. 03 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved M arch 2, 1923------------------ ------------------ 75, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924----------------------------------------- 217, 400. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924--------------- 721. 79 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :' 925, 332. 82 For new work 075. 87 $------------------------------344 For maintenance--------------------------.---27, 867. 68 371, 943. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 553, 389.27 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------------_ 56, 818. 37 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------------------------------------ 128, 714. 63 185, 533. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available, including $11,215.20 available only for maintenance------------------ 367, 856. 27 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------- 22,716, 320. 30 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work-------------------------------- 2750, 000. 00, JAMES, APPOMATTOX, PAGAN, AND NANSEMOND RIVERS, VA (GROUP B) 4. JAMES RIVER, VA. (B1) Location and description.---This river, a tidal stream, isformed by the junction of the Cowpasture and Jackson Rivers, in Botetourt County, Va., flows easterly 320 miles, and empties into Hampton Roads at Newport News, Va. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Richmond, a distance of 103.8 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 9,700 square miles, of which 6,870 square miles are above Richmond. The low- water discharge at Richmond is estimated at 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum, for a gauge height of about 29 feet above low water, at 200,000 second-feet. Navigation is interfered with by floods higher than 12 feet above mean low water. In the 14 miles between Richmond and Dutch Gap the slope at low water is 0.014 foot per mile; below Dutch Gap there is apparently no slope at low water. During two very high freshets the observed slope between Richmond and Dutch Gap was about 0.81 foot, and in the next 6.8 miles below 0.61 and 0.65 foot. The width between banks varies from about 5.68 miles at Rocklanding Shoal, 89 miles below Richmond, to about 500 feet at Richmond. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 529, 530, and 531.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by various natu- ral and artificial obstacles, particularly in the reach extending about 20 miles below Richmond, where it was narrow and tortuous. The excavation of Dutch Gap Canal had not been completed, by which work subsequently the channel was shortened 5 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet. The head of navigation for 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 478 REPORT'OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 steamers was at Richmond. Rafting and logging were and still are possible for three-fourths mile above the head of navigation for steamers. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended by the United States on the original project prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project was $763,000, including $23,000 appropriated in 1836 and 1852. There is no record showing how much of this amount was expended for new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the formation by regulation and excavation of a channel from the mouth to Richmond 22 feet deep at mean low water and a width of 400 feet from the mouth to City Point, a distance of 71.8 miles; thence to Drewry Bluff, a dis- tance of 25 miles, a width of 300 feet; thence to Richmond, a dis- tance of 7 miles, a width of 200 feet; and between the lower city line of Richmond and the head of navigation at the docks, a distance of 3,300 feet, 200 feet wide, together with a widening of the channel at Richmond to 400 feet for a distance of 600 feet to form a turning basin. The proposed dimensions of channel where regulation works are used are 200 and 300 feet wide by 22 feet deep at mean low water. The works are sheet piling spurs and training dikes revetted with stone. The total length of river now included in the project is 103.8 miles, of which 20 miles immediately below Richmond are being improved both by regulation and dredging and the remainder by dredging alone at such points as require it. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of the river are as fol- lows: Mouth, 2.5 feet; Jamestown, 1.85 feet; City Point, 2.8 feet; Dutch Gap, 3.5 feet; Richmond, 3.9 feet. Following are the extreme ranges under ordinary conditions at the same localities: Mouth, 2.1 feet to 3 feet; Jamestown, 1.6 feet to 2.3 feet; City Point, 2.3 feet to 3.2 feet; Dutch Gap, 2.9 feet to 3.9 feet; Richmond, 3.2 feet to 4.2 feet. The ordinary fluctuation of stage at Richmond due to floods are 6 to 12 feet above mean low water. The extreme fluctuations are 16 to 28.6 feet. The flood heights below Richmond diminish rapidly. 'The extremes, according to available information, are about 11 feet lower at Dutch Gap, 14 miles below, and 17 to 18 feet lower 20 miles below. The original approved estimate of cost of the project, exclu- sive of amount expended on previous project, was $4,500,000 for new work. As modified by extensions, the latest (1905) approved esti- mate, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, is $5,374,943.15, for new work. No,estimate was made in the approved project or its extensions for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the excavation of a channel 22 feet deep gat mean low water from the mouth to Rich- mond (S. Doc. No. 147, 47th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for extending the improvement to the head of naviga- tion at the Richmond docks (H. Doc.No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) : the act of March 3, 1905, provided for forming a turning basin by widening the chanel at Richmond (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map of the river see House Docu- ment No. 1131, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 479 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work done on James River for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Con- gress was by the city of Richmond. On account of the records of the extent and location of the above work being incomplete, it is not practicable to separate the expenditure for dredging approaches to wharves from that for channel excavation. The aggregate expendi- ture by the city reported for the above purposes amounts to about $889,000. This amount was expended voluntarily. Terminal facilities.-The river's commerce pertaining to Rich- mond is handled in the basin of the former James River & Kanawha Canal, known as Richmond Dock, and at 9 wharves at and in the immediate vicinity of the city. Below Richmond the improvement Sis served by 42 wharves. Richmond Dock belongs to the city and is open to public use on very moderate terms. The dock is 3,450 feet long, 75 to 150 feet wide, and about 15 feet deep. It is entered from the river through a masonry lock. The lock has a lift of 15 feet. Its chamber is 351/ feet wide and has a length ,available for vessels of 168 feet. Of the 9 Richmond wharves, 7 are private and 2, belonging to the city, are free to public use. With one exception, viz, the Southern Railway wharf, which is of stone, all of the James River wharves are pile and timber structures. Richmond Dock and the Richmond wharves are adjacent toi spur tracks or sidings connecting with the main lines of railroads. The two city wharves have a total frontage of 735 feet, and have no physical connection with railways. Seven of the private wharves at and just below Richmond have a total frontage of 2,045 linear feet, and generally are equipped with either telpherage or steam machinery for handling of freight. Of the 42 wharves farther downstream 23 are private and 19 open to public use. None has appliances for facilitating the handling of freight. With the exception of three public wharves with railroad connections, all are remote from railroads. The locations and de- scriptions of the wharves having railroad connections are as follows: At City Point, 321 miles below Richmond, connecting with a branch of the Norfolk & Western Railway and having a frontage of about 700 feet with available depths of 15 to, 20 feet; at Claremont, 58 miles below Richmond, connecting with a branch of the Southern Railway, with a frontage of 270 feet and available depths of 7 to 19 feet; at Scotland, about 68 miles below Richmond, connecting with the Surry, Sussex & Southampton Reailway, having a frontage of 70 feet and an available depth of 11 feet. The remainder of the wharves have frontages of 40 to 130 feet with depths of 7 to 18 feet. The basin at Richmond and the wharves at the city and between it and the river's mouth are adequate for the river's commerce. (For (a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work has been beneficial in permit- ting the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels and in reducing the cost of water transportation of lumber, fertilizer material, coal, and other articles carried in sailing vessels and barges. In many cases the freight rates on commodities transported by steamer are the same as rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing with the U. S. dredge Croatan, operated by hired labor, 10710--ENG 1924---31 480 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 was carried on from April 1 to May 8, 1924. This dredge re- moved 36,891 cubic yards of material during the year, which was deposited on the flats adjacent to the dredged channels. The work done resulted in increasing the depths on Curls Neck Reach and Drewry Bluff Reach to 18 feet at mean low water. The total ex- penditure for the operation of the dredge and overhead expenses in connection therewith, including surveys, was $25,902.42, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The character of work done under the existing and previous projects consisted in dredging the upper 61/4 miles of the portion of the river under improvement, in the upper 3 miles of which extensive rock excavation was done; dredg- ing on three of the six shoals from 71/2 to 21 miles below Richmond and on seven shoals between City Point and the river's mouth. Regulation works were constructed for maintaining the channel for 61/2 miles immediately below Richmond and on the six shoals above referred to. The project was about 50 per cent completed on June 30, 1924. The result of the work was a channel from Hampton Roads to the city wharf at Richmond, a distance of 103.5 miles, having a minimum depth of about 16 feet at mean low water, which obtains at Rocklanding Shoal, about 15 miles above the mouth of the river, and which is the controlling depth for the entire improvement. The last examination was made in June, 1924. The regulation works, comprising dikes and jetties constructed of sheet piling re- vetted with riprap, are generally in fair condition, although nearly all of this class of work requires further revetting. The work re- maining to be done to complete the project is the deepening of the channel from its present depths to 22 feet at mean low water; widen- ing parts of the channel between City Point and Richmond to the project widths of 200 and 300 feet; and enlarging the turning basin at Richmond to give its project dimensions of 600 feet long, 400 feet wide, and 22 feet deep at mean low water. The total expenditure under the existing project amounted to $2,385,005.46 for new work and $185,438.24 for maintenance, a total of $2,570,443.70. The expenditure for maintenance is for the period subsequent to March 3, 1899, prior to which no separate account was kept of this item. Proposed operations.--At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $194,556.30 for expenditure on this project. It is pro- posed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Maintenance (dredging with Government plant and hired labor or by contract) : Redredging to restore the channel di- mensions of 400 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, attained by dredging in 1911, 1912, and 1913, on the following shoals between the river's mouth and City Point, Va., viz, Rocklanding Shoal, Point of Shoals Bar, Goose Hill Flats, Swans Point Shoal, Dancing Point Shoal, and Harrisons Bar; also to enlarge parts of other channels between City Point and Drewry Bluff, about 6 miles below Richmond, Va., in which the depth is less than 18 feet at mean low water, and the width for this depth, where exist- ing, is insufficient for safe navigation, so as to provide a depth of 18 feet with width not exceeding the project width of 300 feet--1,950.000 cubic yards at 91/2 cents----- $185,250.00 (b) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies-- 9, 306. 30 Total --------------------- 194, 556. 30 RIVERS AND HIARBORS---NORFOLK VA., DISTRICT 481 It is proposed to accomplish the above work between July, 1924, and April, 1925, at an estimated monthly expenditure of about $19,500. The additional sum of $100,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work, for stabilizing the channel in the upper reaches of the river where a portion of the dredging is proposed, and for maintenance dredging. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of traffic on the river in 1923 was greater than reported for any prior year since 1891 except 1917. It aggregated 712,853 tons with an estimated value of $73,- 518,819. The tonnage for 1923 was about 12 per cent greater and its value 44 per cent greater than for 1922. About:50 per cent of the tonnage and about 86 per cent of the value pertained to Richmond and the remainder to points on James River below Richmond. The tonnage for Richmond was 19 per cent greater than in 1922 and the value 44 per cent greater. For river points below Richmond, the tonnage was 5 per cent greater and the value 43 per cent greater. The increase in value resulted from the shipment coastwise of about 1,700 tons of artificial silk, with an estimated value of $5,950,000, a new industry at City Point. The chief commodities pertaining to Richmond comprised sugar, coffee, tobacco, canned goods, paper and paper products, and a great variety of articles of general mer- chandise carried by three steamships, plying triweekly between Richmond and New York, calling at Newport News and City Point; two steamboats 'furnishing daily service, except Sundays, to Rich- mond, Norfolk, and James River landings; and one steamboat, ply- ing five times per week between Richmond and Petersburg. Other chief commodities consisting of fertilizer materials and forest prod- ucts were carried on barges and scows, and petroleum products in oil tankers and oil barges. The chief commodities pertaining to river points below Richmond comprised sand, gravel, brick, and coal carried on scows, forest products carried on barges and sail vessels, and a great variety of articles of general merchandise carried by steamboats and motor boats. The Richmond-New York Steamship, Co. placed an additional steamship in service during the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919........... 507, 581 $61, 238,865 31,875 1922.......... 639,217 $o1,085, 691 171 .... 1920..._ __ 429,782 17, 075, 381 (2) 1923.......... 712,853 73, 518,819 1, 325 1 388, 545 52, 392, 509 1921 .........---------- (2) 1 Includes 1,800 tons rafted logs valued at $16,000. 2 No statistics available. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $376.75: New work ..-- ------------------------------------- $3,148, 005. 46 Maintenance --- ------------------------------------ 185, 438. 24 Net total expended ------- 3, 333, 443. 70 3------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 3, 528, 000. 00 482 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . Expended for maintenance $970. 56 $1, 009. 15 $9,52277 $26,821.94 $2, 002.4 Appropriated or allotted ---------------------- - 32,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $220, 458.72 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------ 25, 902. 42 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--------------------------- 194,556. 30 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 911. 10 July 1, 1924, balance available, including $42,000 available only for maintenance------------------------------------------- 193, 645. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------ 2 2, 837, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work ---------------------------- 2100, 000. 00 5. APPOMATTOX RIVER, VA. (B2) Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Ap- pomattox County, Va., flows northeasterly 137 miles, and empties into the James River at City Point, Va. The portion under im- provement extends from its mouth to Petersburg, Va., a distance of 11 miles, which is the length of the tidal reach. The drainage area is 1,565 square miles, of which 1,325 square miles are above Peters- burg. The low-water discharge at Petersburg is estimated at 248 second-feet, and the maximum for a gauge height of 17.1 feet above mean low water is roughly estimated at 35,000 second-feet. The river's width between banks is 0.8 mile at the mouth and 200 feet at Petersburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 531.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow, tortuous, obstructed by shoals, and about three-tenths mile longer than at present, or about 11.3 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 31/2 feet. The head of navigation for 'all purposes was at Petersburg. Previous projects.-Priorto the adoption of the original project the sum of $22,500, appropriated in 1852, was expended in making an elaborate survey of the river below Petersburg. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, nd modi- fied in 1893. (Annual Report for 1893, p. 1336.) The amount ex- pended on the original and modified projects adopted prior to the existing project, including the amount expended on the survey of the river below Petersburg, was $553,016.04, of which $494,420 was for new work and $58,596.04 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page, 1799 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable channel 80 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water between Petersburg and Point of Rocks, 31/2 miles above the river's mouth, a distance of 71/2 miles; for a diversion channel 200 to 300 feet wide and 21/2 miles long for delivering the discharge of the river into the old channel below reepsfo aeec Ecuieo vial ud 2-No deutn N 'ot -deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND IARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 483 Petersburg; for a diversion d'am at the head of the navigable chan- nel; for about 1.7 miles of levees in the low grounds between the diversion and navigable channels; for a, highway bridge and a rail- way bridge across the diversion channel; and for other work inci- dental to the diversion channel. Under ordinary conditions the mean tid'al range is 2.9 feet and the extremes 2.4 feet and 3.3 feet. There are no records available of the heights of stage due to ordi- nary floods. These are, estimated at 6 to, 8 feet above mean low water at Petersburg, where the extremes are from 15.6 to 17.1 feet. The authorized limit of cost of new work (1909) for the diversion channel is $260,000. The estimated cost (1908) of the navigable channel was $23,000 for new work and $3,000 annually for maintenance, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, .1909, provided for work pertaining to the diversion scheme (H. Doc. No. 139, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for enlarging the n'avigable channel to 80 feet wide by 12 feet deep at mean high water between Petersburg and Point of Rocks and maintenance of the channel and the diversion works at Petersburg (H. Doc. No. 952, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest map of the river is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The only work known to have been done on the river for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by sources other than Congress was by the city of Petersburg. The total amount reported expended by the city since 1866 is approximately $1,578,620. The expendituire was voluntary, and is understood to have been for channel improvement. As the city's records are in- complete, this amount can not be verified. Terminal facilities.-All wharves and terminals served by the Appomattox are situated on the river front at Petersburg. The wharves constitute a continuous timber bulkhead on piling, and have an aggregate length of about 2,450 feet, with present available depths of 5 to 6 feet at mean low water. About 900 linear feet of the wharf frontage belonging to the city, and 700 linear feet belonging to corporations and individuals, are open to the public at moderate wharfage charges. The remaining 850 linear feet belong to cor- porations and individuals and are for private use. A railroad siding, extending for almost the entire length of the wharf front, furnishes a means of transfer between the wharves and the railroads. None of the public wharves is provided with mechanical appliances to facili- tate the handling of freight. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the present river commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made navigation safer and easier and has resulted in more favorable freight rates to and from Petersburg. Operatios and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract, which was in progress at the close of the preceding fiscal year, was continued to completion on July 10, 1923. The total quantity removed during the fiscal year amounted to 5,546 cubic yards of sand and mud, place measurement, and resulted in restoring 484 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the channel to the project dimensions for a distance of 300 feet. Maintenance work for the removal of logs, snags, trees, etc., from the navigable channel, was carried on from March 5 to April 8, 1924, by the use of Government plant and hired labor, and resulted in the removal of the most dangerous obstructions of this nature from the channel. The expenditures for each class of work, including the proportionate cost of supervision, office expenses, etc., properly chargeable to each branch of the work, were as follows: Dredging, $8,186.20; removing logs, snags, trees, etc., $1,280.35. The total expenditure for the fiscal year Wvas $9,466.55, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the general im- provement was completed in 1912. The project dimensions, 12 feet at ordinary high water, equivalent to 81/2 feet at mean low water, and 80 feet wide, obtain throughout the navigable channel from Petersburg to Point of Rocks, except in a few short stretches, where the width is slightly less, or the depth is but 11.5 feet at ordinary high water, corresponding to 8 feet at mean low water, which is the ruling depth for the entire improvement. The last examination was made in April, 1924. The diversion project was completed in 1921. The total expenditures are as follows: Under the project for general improvement, $15,215.95 for new work and $107,444.91 for maintenance, a total of $122,660.86; under the diversion project, $259,748.35 for new work and $35,251.65 for maintenance, a total of $295,000. Proposed operations.--At the close of the fiscal year there was $15,021.40 for expenditure on this improvement, including the sum of $15,000 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Maintenance (dredging with Government plant) : Redredging for restoring to project dimensions of 80 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean high water shoaled portions of the chan- nel between Petersburg and Point of Rocks, Va., a distance of 71/2 miles, 135,000 cubic yards at 10 cents-------------- $13,500. 00 (b) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies------------------1, 521. 40 Tota' ------------------------------------ 15, 021. 40 It is proposed to accomplish the above work at such locations and at such times during the fiscal year as maintenance dredging is found necessary. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $10,000, to be applied to con- tinuation of maintenance dredging for restoring shoaled portions of the channel to project dimensions. Commercial statistics.-The traffic on the river during the calendar year 1923 amounted to 252,089 tons, with an estimated value of $8,975,198. Of the above, 49,578 tons, of an estimated value of $8,582,556, pertained to Petersburg, Va. The remainder, consisting of sand and gravel, was shipped out of the river from about 5 miles below Petersburg. The traffic of 1923 was about 19 per cent greater in tonnage and 25 per cent greater in value than that of 1922. The above increases resulted principally from larger tonnages of articles of general merchandise being carried than in 1922, and to a less extent from increases in forest products, and sand and gravel shipped RIVERS AND IIARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 485 from below Petersburg, and fertilizer materials received at Peters- burg. The chief in-bound commodities were sand and gravel, ferti- lizer material, and general merchandise received at Petersburg. The chief out-bound commodities were sand and gravel shipped from below Petersburg, and lumber, pulp wood, peanuts, tobacco, and gen- eral merchandise received at and shipped from Petersburg. Pack- age freight was carried by two steamboats, one with a draft of 7 feet making five round trips per week between Petersburg, James River landings, and Richmond, and one with a maximum draft of 9 feet making three round trips per week between Petersburg, James River landings, and Norfolk. Lumber and fertilizer materials were carried on barges drawing 71/2 to 8 feet, and sand and gravel on scows drawing 5 to 6 feet. Comparative Statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 -.-- 300, 000 $231, 000 (1) 1922___ 211, 211 $7, 152, 483 171 1920 .. - . 199, 952 188, 356 (1) 1923___ 252, 089 8, 975, 198 3, 891 1921---------- 110, 457 171, 516 (1) 1 No statistics available. Financialsummary GENERAL IMPROVEMENT Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ________________-__-___-----$509, 635. 95 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 166,'040. 95 Net total expended---------------------------- ---- 675, 676. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 690, 698. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 . Expended for new work- ---- -- ---- - - - Expended for maintenance 1_.... $2, 935. 22 $39,121. 71 $25, 166. 96 $16, 908. 58 $9, 466. 55 Appropriated or allotted- -....... 50,000. 00 25, 000. 00 -------------- 15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ $9, 487. 95 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924--___ ---------------- _ 15,000.00 24, 487.95 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 9, 466. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_-----------------------___ 15, 021. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_.__ _ __---------- 210, 000. 00 1 Not: deductilng r-eleceipts from sales, etc.. 2 Excflusive of available funds. 486 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 DIVERSION PROJECT AT PETERSBURG Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $500: New work ----------------------------------------- $259, 748. 35 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 35, 251. 65 Net total expended ------------------------------------- 295, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------295, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- - _ .__.. . . . .,.. . $15, 817.14 .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . Expended for maintenance n an 1 $428. 03 $25, 403. 32 9, 282. 49 $182. 86 -- Total expended 1 _-_--- 428. 03 25, 403. 32 25, 099. 63 182. 86 -- ----- Appropriated orallotted ..--------- CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR APPOMATTOX RIVER, VA. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $500: New work-- --------------------------------------- $769, 384. 30 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 201, 292. 60 Net total expended----------------- 970, 676. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 985, 698. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . ... -- - - ________ - -. (... .... $15, 817. 14 Expended for maintenance - ..- - $3,363. 25 $64, 525. 03 34, 449. 45 $17, 091. 44 $9, 466. 55 Total expended 1----___ 3, 363. 25 64, 525. 03 50, 266. 59 17, 091. 44 9, 466. 55 Appropriated or allotted... .. 50, 000. 00 .. 25,000.00 -------------- 15, 000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- $9, 487. 95 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------ 15, 000. 00 24,487. 95 June 30, 1924, amounted expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance--------- --------------------------------------- 9, 466. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------- 15, 021. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance-------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 6. PAGAN RIVER. VA. (B3) Location and description.-This river, a tidal stream, rises in Isle of Wight County, Va., flows northeast 10 miles, and empties into James River. The portion under improvement extends from its mouth to Smithfield, Va., a distance of 5 miles. The length of the tidal reach is about 8 miles. The width between banks varies from 250 to 4,800 feet. It has a drainage area of about 76 square miles. The discharge at high and low water is not known. The channel 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 487 dimensions are comparatively large and floods are negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 529.) Original condition.-Four .obstructing bars limited the usable mean low-water depth to 41/2 feet from the mouth of the river to Smithfield, and the channel for the entire reach was narrow and tortuous. The head of navigation for steamers was at Smithfield, 5 miles above the mouth. Rafting and logging were carried on 3 miles above Smithfield, making a total navigable length of 8 miles. Previous projects.-Previousprojects were adopted by the acts of June 14, 1880, and of March 3, 1905. The amount expended on projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project was $20,671.01 for new work. For further details of previ- ous projects see page 1798 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for widening the channel at Smithfield and at a bend one-half mile below Smithfield and for the dredging of the points of abrupt bends in the existing channel so as to give a channel about 62/3 miles long, 10 feet deep at mean low water, and 80 feet wide from the mouth to Smithfield. Under or- dinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet. No data for extreme ranges of tides are available. The total estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $54,600, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1919) approved esti- mate of cost of maintenance is $2,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 397, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 80-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 591, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves or landings on this river, of which 14 are at Smithfield, Va., and 2 at Battery Park, about 1 mile above the river's mouth. All of these wharves are small wooden structures. The length of dockage available at Smith- field is about 1,100 feet, with depths of 3 to 10 feet, and the wharves at this point, with a few exceptions, are in poor condition. At Bat- tery Park the length of dockage is about 85 feet and the depth of water 11 feet. They are in fair condition. One wharf at Smithfield is publicly owned and is open to general public use on equal terms, the remaining wharves being privately owned. The principal wharf at Smithfield belongs to the Smithfield, Newport News & Norfolk Steamship Co., and is not open to public use. The other private wharves are used by the owners in conducting their business, and seven are open to the public at uniform rates of wharfage. Both wharves at Battery Park are privately owned and are not open to general public use. No wharves on this stream have railroad con- nection. The Smithfield wharves are connected with the town by a party improved road. The Battery Park wharves also have a party improved road leading to them. The facilities are considered adequate for present and prospective requirements. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impro!ement.-As a result of the improvement naviga- tion has been rendered safer and better, and vessels of greater draft 10710-ENG 1924--32 488 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 can be used. It has not been practicable to determine the effects, if any, on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No work was done during the fiscal year. The expenditure of $8.12 was for office ex- penses, and is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in April, 1923, resulting in a channel 80 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water between Smithfield, Va., and the 10-foot contour in James River, a distance of about 62/3 miles. The control- ling depth in April, 1923, when the last examination was made, was 10 feet at mean low water. The total expenditure under the exist- ing project was $55,916.74, of which $30,754.48 was for new work and $25,162.26 for maintenance. Proposed operations.---At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $8,883.26 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, dredging will be done for maintenance of the improved chan- nel to project dimensions. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $2,000 to be applied to continua- tion of maintenance dredging. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic in 1923 was about 22 per cent greater than in 1922. The chief inbound com- modities comprised vegetable food products, petroleum products and general merchandise, and the chief outbound commodities smoked meats, poultry, eggs, potatoes and other fresh vegetables, and forest products. The increase in tonnage was principally forest products. Commodities comprising package freight were carried chiefly by one steamboat plying on lay days from Smithfield, Va., to Norfolk, Va., and Newport News, Va. Comparative statements Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 ........-_ 23,413 $4, 906, 211 29, 490 1922- ...--.. 26, 224 $1, 598, 305 11, 240 1920.......... 13, 500 895, 350 6, 672 1923 -.....-- . 131, 908 1,612, 036 17, 704 1921 ----------- 22, 418 1, 695, 401 21, 899 1 Includes 674 tons of forest products rafted, valued at $4,718. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ----- ----------------------------- -- $51, 425. 49 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 25, 162. 26 Net total expended --------------- ------------------- 76, 587. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report_- 85, 471. 01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work. $26, 154. 48 Expended for maintenance.---- $7, 936. 41 ----------- - $2, 098. 72 13, 077. 23 $8. 12 Total expended- ..... .... 7, 936. 41 .- 2, 098. 72 39, 231. 71 8. 12 Appropriated or allotted .. . _-- 4, 200. 00 - -.... 25,000.00 .. ... RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 489 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------$8, 891. 38 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 8. 12 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended --------------------------------- 8, 883. 26 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance-------------------------------------12, 000.00 7. NANSEMOND RIVER, VA. (B4) Location a),d description. This river, a tidal stream, rises in Nansemond County, Va., flows in a northerly direction 25 miles, and empties into Hampton Roads. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Suffolk, Va., a distance of 18 miles. Definite data are not available as to the length of the tidal reach, which extends for a considerable distance above Suffolk. The width be- tween banks varies from 150 to 9,500 feet. It has a drainage area of about 262 square miles. The discharge at high and low water is not known. Floods are negligible. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 529.) Original condition.--The channel was narrow and crooked, and the controlling depth at mean low water was about 4 feet. The head of navigation, for all purposes, was at Suffolk, 18 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and modified by the act of June 18, 1878. The expenditure on original and modified projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project was $37,000, of which $30,000 was for original work and $7,000 for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1797 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-- This provides for procuring a channel by regu- lation works and dredging 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the head of navigation to the mouth of the Western Branch, a distance of 7.37 miles, and the excavation of a turning basin at Suffolk Bridge 200 feet square; pile spurs and training walls at the mouth of the Western Branch; also for securing by regulation and dredging a channel of the same depth from 200 to 400 feet wide. 8.3 miles long, from the Western Branch to Town Point, 2.3 miles above the mouth. The mean tidal ranges under ordinary conditions for different parts of the river are as follows: Suffolk Bridge, 3.4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.8 feet. The extreme ranges under ordinary conditions at the same localities are as fol- lows: Suffolk Bridge, 2.8 to 4 feet; Newmans Point, 2.3 to 3.3 feet. The approved estimate of cost, made in 1887, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $152,500. No estimate of cost of maintenance has been approved. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1001). For map see House Document No. 1246, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recomnmentded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Suffolk, Va., there are four small pri- vately owned wharves and one long, continuous wharf, divided into 1 Exclusive of available funds. 490 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 three portions, two of which are private wharves and one is a public wharf, open to general public use. Between Suffolk and the mouth of the river there are about 11 wharves of pile and openwork con- struction, all of which are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. The only wharf on this stream that has rail connection is the one controlled by the Norfolk & Western Railway at Suffolk. The wharves at Suffolk are con- nected with the streets of that town, which are in fair condition. At the wharves along the river are ordinary county roads, in fair condition except during bad weather. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement..-iNavigation has been rendered easier, bet- ter, and safer. It is believed that the existence of the navigable channel gives Suffolk more favorable rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Croatan, operated by hired labor, was carried on in May and June, 1924, the work done involving the removal of 21,685 cubic yards of material. Maintenance work, comprising the removal of wreckage above Suffolk bridge, was carried on in June, 1924, with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $6,973.28, of which $6,508.13 was for maintenance dredging and $465.15 for removal of wreckage, all expenditures being chargeable to maintenance. With the sum of $500 transferred and reallotted for the removal of logs and snags in the Western Branch of Nansemond River, Va., as provided for in section 1 of the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, the removal of logs, snags, trees, etc., from the Western Branch of Nansemond River was carried on in May and June, 1924, with U. S. derrick barge No. 14, operated by hired labor. The expenditure for this purpose during the fiscal year amounted to $433.21, and is chargeable to maintenance. The balance from the allotment remains as an outstanding liability for work done in June, 1924. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Operations in 1910 and prior years resulted in giving a channel 80 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Suffolk, a distance of 18 miles, and a turning basin at Suffolk. Shoaling has taken place, requiring maintenance dredging. The controlling depth at the last examination, which was made in June, 1924, was 11 feet at mean low water for a width of 75 feet from the mouth of the river to Suffolk. The project is estimated to be about 45 per cent com- pleted. The total expenditure under the existing project was $73,- 777.74, of which $42,677.11 was for new work and $31,100.63 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $14,722.26 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, dredging will be done for maintenance of the improved channel. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are required, as the unexpended balance is sufficient for necessary maintenance until June 30, 1926. No appropriation for completing the project is re- quested, as it is not proposed to maintain the channel to greater RIVERS AND HIARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 491. depth than 11 feet or greater width than 75 feet, these dimensions being ample for present and prospective commerce. Commercial statistics.-The aggregate tonnage of traffic on the river in 1923 was about 62 per cent greater and its value about 53 per cent greater than in 1922. The chief commodities carried com- prised brick, lumber, and other forest products, fertilizer material and prepared fertilizer, the tonnages of all of which were greater than in 1922. No steamers have operated on the river for several years and the traffic is carried on barges, scows, motor boats, and sail vessels. Comparative statement Calendar year --' - -' Tons Value Calendar year -- - Tons Value 1919 --------------------- 38, 811 $412, 654 1922.-----------------------.50,116 650, 225 1920 .............--------------------- 57, 278 1, 094, 390 1923...........--------------------- 81, 345 998, 482 1921....-................. 51, 888 828, 880 No passengers carried. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: .... New work_-- ------ ___ ____- -- _ $72, 677. 11 Maintenance ------- ------------------------------ 38, 100. 63 Net total expended --------------------------------- 110, 777. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------125, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _ _ __ , .... Expended for maintenance-----. $3, 832. 51 .--- _---------$70. 83 $2, 336. 21 $6, 973.28 Appropriated or allotted-....................... .............. $20,000. 00 . ..................... July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - _ ____-_--- --- $22, 195. 54 Deduction on account of transfer to Western Branch of Nanse- mond River, Va------------------------------------------ 500. 00 21, 695. 54 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance------------------ 6, 973. 28 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended --- --------------- 14, 722. 26 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--- 040. 31 -1, 1--------------- July 1, 1924, balance available_ ------- ---------- 13, 681. 95 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $876.75: New work--- --- ------------------------------ $4, 041, 492. 36 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 449, 993. 73 Net total expended_-- 491, 486. 09 -4. 4___-------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 4, 724, 669. 31 492 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,- 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 . 1922 , 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-----. $15, 817. 14 $26, 154. 48 - Expended for maintenance 1 -. $16, 102. 73 $65, 534. 18 46, 141. 77 59, 326. 82 $42, 350. 37 Total expended 1_ ____ _ 16, 102. 73 65, 534. 18 61, 958. 91 85, 481. 30 42, 350. 37 Appropriated or allotted...--------- 54, 200. 00 -------------- 70, 000. 00 32, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______________ _____________ $261, 033. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ---------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 276, 033. 59 D)eduction on account of transfer to Western Branch of Nanse- mond River, Va.------------------------------------------ 500. 00 275, 533. 59 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance _ ------------- 42, 350. 37 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------- 233, 183. 22 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities---------- 1, 951. 41 July 1, 1924, balance available, including $79,586.61, available only for maintenance----------------------------- -- 231, 231. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project-- ----- 2, 837, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitaby expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work _------------------------------------- 2100, 000. 00 For maintenance __ -_------------------ - 212, 000. 00 Total -------------------- --- ----------- 112, 000. 00 8. ONANCOCK RIVER, VA. Location and description.--This river, a tidal stream, rises in Acco- mac County, Va., flows in a westerly direction about 6.5 miles, and empties into Chesapeake Bay. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the river to Onancock, Va., a distance of 5 miles, which is the approximate length of the tidal reach. The width between banks varies from 3,000 feet at the mouth to 400 feet at Onancock, Va. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. Floods are inconsiderable. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1223.) Originalcondition.-The channel, although free from obstructions, had several short and abrupt turns, and the minimum usable depth at mean low water was only 4 feet. The depth over a bar at the mouth of the stream was 5 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Onancock, 5 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. A modification was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount ex- pended on original and modified projects prior to the commencement I Not deducting receipts fr~m sales;, etc. 2 Exclusive of avrilable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 493 of operations under the existing project was $20,511 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1799 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel across the outer bar, a distance of 1,000 feet, 200 feet wide, and 8 feet deep at mean low water, and for straightening the river channel by cutting off projecting shfals to a depth of 7 feet at mean low water. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 1.7 feet and the extremes 1.5 and 2 feet. The total approved estimate (1910) of the cost of the project for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $13,500. The total approved estimate (1910) of the cost of annual maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 652, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 902 of Annual Report for 1894. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of March 6, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended the further improvement of Onancock River, Va., to the extent of providing a channel 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide across the bar, and generally 100 feet wide in the river, with a turning basin near the head of navigation about 2.3 acres in extent, at an estimated cost of $87,100 for new work, and $2,000 annually for maintenance, with the understanding that the initial dredging in the river shall be 10 feet only, the full project depth to be provided if the needs of commerce are later found to demand it. (See H. Doc. No. 219, 68th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five small timber wharves on this stream, with a total wharfage space of about 980 linear feet, as fol- lows: Three at Onancock and one each at Poplar Cove and Finneys. One of the wharves at Onancock and the wharves at Poplar Cove and Finneys are leased by the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railroad Co. and are not open to the general public for taking on or discharging freight, but vessels are permitted to tie up at the wharves without charge. The other two wharves at Onancock are privately owned, but are open to general public use upon payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves. A country road extends to each of them. The wharfage facilities are believed to be adequate for the small amount of com- merce on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigationhas been rendered easier and safer by this improvement, and the increased channel dimensions enables vessels of larger size to reach Onancock, the head of navi- gation. The products shipped by water reach the principal markets in much less time than rail shipments, and the water freight rates are slightly lower than the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- ture of $132.23 was for payment of liabilities incurred in the pre- ceding fiscal year for office expenses and for inspections and is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. Shoaling has occurred, making maintenance dredg- ing necessary to maintain the project dimensions. The controlling 494 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEES, U. S. ARMY, 1924 depths in October, 1922, when the last examination was made, were 9 feet at Onancock Bar and 8 feet in the river channel, both depths referring to mean low water. The total expenditure under the exist- ing project to the end of the fiscal year was $37,754.52, of which $13,038.02 was for new work and $24,716.50 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $2,745.48 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, dredging will be done for maintenance of the improved chan- nel to project dimensions. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are required, as the unexpended balance is sufficient for necessary maintenance until June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic in 1923 was about 11 per cent less and its value about 13 per cent greater than in 1922. The above decrease in tonnage was chiefly in the quantity of brick received. About 54 per cent of the traffic was carried by 6 steamers drawing about 71/2 feet, plying between Balti- more, Md., and points on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. The remainder of the traffic was carried on sail vessels and motor boats. The principal commodities carried comprised receipts of pre- pared fertilizer, general merchandise, brick, coal and cooperage and shipments of agricultural products, poultry, live stock and canned goods. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919----------.......... 14,330 $1, 362,882 3, 664 1922....---------- 21, 037 $1,107, 885 3, 543 1920----------- 14, 243 1, 306, 810 (1) 1923---------- 18, 737 1, 250, 352 3, 974 1921-----------........... 12, 647 1,110,139 2, 943 (1) No statistics available. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ------------------------------ $33, 549. 02 Maintenance- -- -------------------------- 24, 716. 50 Net total expended ------- --------------------------- 58, 265. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 011. 00 6------------------___ Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- - ------------------------- Expended for maintenance------------------ -- $73. 73 $6, 051. 71 $18, 437. 73 $132.23 Appropriated or allotted---------......... ------------- 15, 000. 00 11, 000. 00 .--------..-------- Julyl, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- $2, 877. 71 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 132. 23 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------ ------- 2, 745.48 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA.) DISTRICT 495 9. WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO THE SOUNDS OF NORTH CAROLINA Location and description.-This water route extends south from Norfolk, Va., to Pamlico Sound, N. C., and consists of 7.5 miles of waterway in the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, 3 miles in Deep Creek, 22.4 miles in the privately owned Dismal Swamp Canal, 4.4 miles in Turners Cut, 31.4 miles in Pasquotank River, 18.5 miles in Albermarle Sound, and 15 miles in Croatan Sound, a total dis- tance of 102.2 miles. All of the waterways named except the South- ern Branch of Elizabeth River and the Dismal Swamp Canal are included in the project. The Southern Branch of Elizabeth River and Deep Creek are tidal streams, while the other parts of the route are nontidal with feeble currents. The Dismal Swamp Canal con- tains two locks, each 250 feet long and 39 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1229, and 1231.) Original condition.--Priorto the adoption of the existing project this waterway had been maintained by private interests, and the channels had been allowed to deteriorate so that the controlling depth was only 21/2 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the following chan- nels: Deep Creek, Va., 3 miles long; Turners Cut, N. C., 4.4 miles long, through a shoal in the Pasquotank River, N. C., near Ship Yard Bar, and through a bar in Croatan Sound near Croatan Light- house. A least bottom width of 80 feet and a depth of 10 feet at mean low water are the project dimensions of all the channels named. The limiting width of 80 feet applies to Turners Cut; the channels in Deep Creek and Pasquotank River have been dredged the project depth for widths of 100 feet, while the channel in Croatan Sound has been dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 12 feet. The project also included the cutting of points at sharp bends in the Pasquotank River and the protection of banks in Turners Cut with sheet piling. In Deep Creek and the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is about 3 feet and the extremes 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation in these two streams due to combined effect of tides and wind, referred to mean low water, are about 2 feet and 7 feet. The remaining sec- tions of the waterway are nontidal and not subject to flood. There are at times,.however, variations of 1 to 2 feet in level, due to wind. The latest (1899) approved estimate of cost for new work is $274,- 310. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 317, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1086; and H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 1485.) The latest published map is found in House Document No. 391, Sixty-second Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions requiring local cooperation were imposed by law, and no cooperation has been rendered other than the building of the Dismal Swamp Canal, a link in the route, by a private corporation, which also improved portions of Deep Creek and Turners Cut prior to the adoption of the project. 496 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Terminal facilities.-The northern end of this waterway is in Norfolk Harbor, Va., the terminal facilities of which are described under this heading in the report on that improvement. There are three small privately owned wharves on the Dismal Swamp Canal, viz, at Deep Creek, Va., Wallaceton, Va., and South Mills, N. C., all of which are open to general public use, without charge. At other points along the canal there are about seven small private ware- houses, all of which are reported to be in bad condition, but which are occasionally used, without charge for wharfage, by passing boats for unloading supplies and loading farm products. There are three small private landings along the Pasquotank River, between the south end of the canal and Elizabeth City, which are free to general public use. At Elizabeth City, N. C., there are 18 wharves, 4 of which are publicly owned, and are open to general public use, and 14 of which are privately owned, of which latter 8 are open to gen- eral public use upon the payment of wharfage, and 6 are for private use only. Below Elizabeth City there are two privately owned wharves on the east bank of the Pasquotank River, which are open to general public use upon the payment of wharfage. All wharves on this waterway are either of the bulkhead type or open-pile work. The Norfolk Southern Railroad has physical connection with its wharves at Elizabeth City. The other wharves at Elizabeth City are all connected with the street system of that city. No other wharves along the waterway have physical connection with railroads, but are reached by ordinary county roads. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in the use of larger and deeper-draft vessels, and transportation by water has been rendered easier and better. It has not been practicable to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- ture of $137.58 was for office, expenses and collection of commercial statistics, 'and is chargeable to, maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1903, but maintenance dredging on the Croatan Sound section of the waterway became necessary in 1921. Not only had shoaling taken place on the 1,200 feet of channel which was dredged in 1903, 'at this location, but at points to the southward of this channel where no dredging had previously been done. The result of this dredging, which was completed during the fiscal year 1922, was the comple- tion of 32,264 linear feet of channel having a width of 200 feet and a depth of 12 feet at mean low water level. The, widths and depths of other portions of the waterway are those called for under the project. The expenditure to the end of the fisc'al year was $508,- 144.21, of which $251,196.46 was for new work and $256,947.75 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $14,725.79 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, maintenance dredging and snagging will be done on those portions of the waterway maintained by the Government. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are required, as the unexpended balance is sufficient for necessary maintenance until June 30, 1926. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 497 Commercial statistics.-For several years prior to 1923, the sta- tistics of water-borne commerce of several dealers in forest products pertaining to this waterway have not been available. This informa- tion has been obtained for the calendar year 1922. The tonnage for the entire waterway in 1923, viz, 302,049 tons, was about 25 per cent greater than for 1922. The tonnage for the Dismal Swamp Canal, 56,450 tons, was about 4 per cent less in 1923 than in 1922, and that for other parts of the waterway, viz, 245,549 tons, 34 per cent greater. About 18 per cent of the total tonnage of the water- way pertained to the canal. Of this, about 84 per cent originated at or was destined to points in the canal and the remainder in transit through it. About 80 per cent of the total traffic on the waterway in 1923 was northbound, 86 per cent of which consisted of logs and other forest products. Other chief commodities northbound were building sand and potatoes, carried through the canal, and vege- table-food products, fresh fish, and general merchandise carried on other parts of the waterway. The chief southbound commodities comprised crushed stone, fertilizer material, and petroleum oils carried on the canal and lumber and other forest products, ferti- lizers, vegetable-food products, and general merchandise on other parts of the waterway. One small steamboat plied daily on the .canal and two steamboats plied on other parts of the waterway, one making daily trips, the other about three trips per week. Nearly all of the bulky freight was carried on barges and scows. Con- siderable miscellaneous freight, both bulk and package, was carried on motorboats on all parts of the waterway. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919----------........... 140, 611 $7, 352, 753 369 1922 ........---------- 241, 621 $3, 403, 107 5, 037 132,201 '1920 . .....----------- 3,843, 096 (1) 1923---------- 302, 049 5, 724, 914 21, 371 1921----------- 112,586 2,540,291 1,059 2No statistics available. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.50: New work-------------------------------------- $251, 196. 46 Maintenance------------------------------ 256, 947. 75 Net total expended------------------------------------ 508, 144. 21 'Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 522, 870. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _. ___-- --... - -..-..--... -----. Expended for maintenance i- $41, 364. 66 $115, 247. 66 $68,463.60 2 $10, 670. 86 $137.58 .. _Appropriated orallotted....----.. -------------- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Changed from amount stated in last year's report, due to a reimbursement. 498 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___________________________ - $14, 863. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 137. 58 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--------------------------------14, 725. 79 10. INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. Location and description.-This improvement provides for an in- land water route approximately paralleling the Atlantic coast be- tween Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 206.28 miles. With the exception of five land cuts, the route lies in natural waterways. Beginning at Norfolk, Va., it follows successively the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, Va.; the Virginia Cut of the former Chesapeake & Albemarle Qanal; the North Landing River, Va. and N. C.; Currituck Sound, N. C.; Coinjock Bay, N. C.; the North Carolina Cut of the former Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal; and the North River, N. C., to Albemarle Sound, a distance of 67.33 miles. The route then crosses Albemarle Sound from the mouth of the North River, N. C., to the mouth of the Alligator River, N. C., a distance of 13.85 miles. Between the southern shore of Albemarle Sound and the junction of the Pungo River and the Pamlico River it follows successively the Alligator River, N. C., a proposed land cut from Winn Bay, on the Alligator River, to Wilkersons Creek, a tributary of the Pungo River (the land cut being a bent line approaching the town of Fairfield, N. C.), Wilkersons Creek, and Pungo River, a distance of 63.5 miles. The ,route then crosses the Pamlico River from the mouth of Pungo River to the mouth of Goose Creek, a distance of 5.7 miles. Between the south shore of Pamlico River and Pamlico Sound it follows successively Goose Creek, a proposed land cut between Goose Creek and Beef Creek, touching Jones Bay, Gales Creek, and Bay River, a distance of 13.7 miles. Between the mouth of Bay River and the mouth of Adams Creek it follows Pamlico Sound and Neuse River, a distance of 21.1 miles. Between the mouth of Adams Creek and Beaufort Inlet it follows successively Adams Creek, a land cut connecting Adams Creek and Core Creek, Core Creek, and Newport River, to Beaufort Inlet, a distance of 21.1 miles. With the exception of the Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, the Adams Creek Canal, Core Creek, and Newport River, which are tidal streams, the watercourses followed are nontidal, with very sluggish currents, which are due principally to the influence of winds. The width between banks of the various streams in the project is very variable, the widest being about 4 miles and the narrowest about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1227, 1228, 1231, and 1233.) Original condition.-At the time of the adoption of the present project the following improved channels existed on the different sec- tions of this improvement: Between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C., a channel with a minimum depth of 8.5 feet at mean low water and from 50 to 90 feet wide on the bottom; between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, N. C., a channel with a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water and with a minimum width of about 100 feet, but by a route different from that followed by this project, and between Pamlico Sound and Beaufort Inlet, N. C., a 1 Ohanged from amount stated in last year's report, due to a reimbursement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 499 channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and with a minimum width of 90 feet. A tidal lock 40 feet wide and 221 feet long, with a lift of 2.5 feet at mean low water, existed near Great Bridge, Va., upon the portion of the waterway between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C. Previous projects.-No project covering the entire waterway con- templated by ithis improvement has existed before, but separate projects have existed for the improvement of most of the water- courses embraced in the present project. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, provided for the improvement of the southern branch of the Elizabeth River, upon which a total of $40,000 was expended for new work. North Landing River, Va. and N. C., was improved at a cost of $47,607.65 for new work and $7,892.35 for main- tenance under a project adopted in the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. Currituck Sound, Coinjock Bay, North River, and North River Bar, N. C., were improved at a total cost of $142,500, under a project adopted in the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and subsequently modified by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, consolidated the separate projects under one project, upon which $61,988 was expended for new work and $44,912 for maintenance. The total expended on the above four projects prior to the adoption of the present project was $292,095.65 for new work and $52,804.35 for maintenance, a total of $344,900. Existing project.-This provides for an inland waterway with a depth of 12 feet at mean low water between Norfolk, Va., and Beau- fort Inlet, N. C., a distance of 206.28 miles, with bottom widths vary- ing from 90 feet in land cuts to 300 feet in open waters. The water- way is nontidal except in the southern branch of Elizabeth River and in Beaufort Inlet, N. C. In the southern branch the mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is 2.7 feet, and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The extremes of irregular fluctuation, due to the com- bined effect of tide and wind, referred to mean low water, are -2 and 7 feet. In Beaufort Inlet, N. C., under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2.6 feet and the extremes are 2.3 and 3.2 feet. The latest (1919) approved estimate of cost for new work is $8,437,- 000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $85,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, adopted the original route (H. Doc. No. 391, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ;the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, authorized a change of route in the Albemarle Sound-Pam- lico Sound section, via the Alligator River-Rose Bay route, and the Pamlico Sound-Neuse River section, via Pamlico Sound-Brant Shoal- Neuse River route, to Alligator River-Pungo River route, and Goose Creek-Bay River route, respectively (H. Docs. Nos. 1478, 63d Cong., 3d sess., and 1136, 64th Cong., 1st sess., approved by the Secretary of War April 14, 1919) ; and the act of July 18, 1918, changed the Alli- gator River-Pungo River route (a proposed land cut connecting the rivers) from a straight line, as approved by the first modification, to a bent line approaching nearer the town of Fairfield, N. C. (approved by the Secretary of War on May 15, 1919). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. 500 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The north end of this waterway is in Nor- folk Harbor, the terminal facilities of which are described in the report on that improvement. Between Norfolk and Albemarle Sound there are 13 wharves or landings, all of which are privately owned, but which are understood to be open to public use upon the payment of wharfage. Physical connection with railroad exists only at Munden, Va. Along the proposed route between Albermarle Sound and Pamlico River are nine privately owned wharves and one wharf owned and operated by the city of Belhaven free of charge. Located upon waters tributary to the Pamlico River-Neuse River section are 15 privately owned wharves, aggregating a front- age of about 600 feet, all of which are generally open to all water carriers free of charge. There are eight wharves on the section of the waterway from Neuse River to Beaufort Inlet, with a combined frontage of about 400 feet. All are privately owned, and one is- open to all water carriers on equal terms. At Morehead City, N. C., there are 27 wharves, their total frontage being about '500 feet. One is a city wharf, with a frontage of 50 feet, which is open to the use of all without charge. The remainder are privately owned, but are generally open to use by all water carriers without charge. Con- tiguous to the harbor at Beaufort, N. C., the southern terminus of the waterway, there are 46 wharves, their total frontage being about 1,200 feet. One at Beaufort is a city wharf, open to all without charge; two (at Fort Macon and Pivers Island) are owned by the Government; and the remainder are privately owned, but are gen- erally open to public use by all water carriers on equal terms when not in use by their owners. All of the wharves along this water way are of pile and timber construction. There are ordinary country roads leading to the wharves and landings. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The completed sections of the canal pro- vide a safe, practicable channel for small boats in all weather. The reported traffic showed a marked increase during the fiscal year 1922. Due to the incompleted section of this canal through traffic from Beaufort to Norfolk has shown little change. This waterway has provided communication facilities for a large area in the sounds of North Carolina which is not provided with railroad or highway facilities. Due to the incompleted section of the waterway, it has not been practicable to determine its effect upon transportation rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the year consisted of dredging with the U. S. dredge Currituck in the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C., and dredging with the U. S. dredge Croatanin the Virginia Cut. Both of these plants were operated by hired labor. The dredge Currituek was operated between August 1, 1923, and June 10, 1924, removing during that interval 1,595,377 cubic yards of material. The dredging resulted in the completion of 20,475 linear feet of channel, having a bottom width of 90 feet and side slopes of 1 on 21/2. A bank gang was employed in clearing the right-of-way and constructing brush dikes in advance of dredging operations. Dredging with the dredge Cur- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 501 rituck was suspended on June 10, 1924, for repairs. The dredge Croatanwas operated only from June 9 to 30, inclusive, during which period a total of 15,058 cubic yards of material was removed. The total expenditure during the year, including office expenses, super- vision, repair, and care of plant, etc., amounted to $270,817.72, of which $263,841 was for new work and $6,976.72 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year the existing project, estimated to involve dredging over distances ag- gregating 128 miles and the removal of 34,100,000 cubic yards of material, was about 64 per cent completed, representing the comple- tion of 89.19 miles of dredged channel, 12 feet deep at mean low water, with bottom widths varying from 90 feet to 300 feet, and the removal of 21,938,831 cubic yards of material. Of the above im- provements, 57.78 miles of channels, varying from 90 feet to 300 feet bottom widths, are located between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle Sound, N. C.; 19.05 miles of channels, varying from 90 feet to 250 feet in bottom widths, are located between Neuse River, N. C., and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. (Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal and ap- proaches); 5.94 miles of channel, with a bottom width of 250 feet, are located in Alligator River, N. C.; and 6.42 miles of channel, with bottom widths, are located between Norfolk, Va., and Albemarle River land cut, N. C. The Norfolk-Albemarle Sound, and the Neuse River-Beaufort Inlet sections are each 100 per cent completed. The Alligator River and the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut are respectively 42 per cent and 26 per cent completed. The ruling depth in June, 1924, was 8.8 feet below mean low water, this depth pertaining to a shoal in Currituck Sound, N. C. In order to com- plete the project it is estimated that it will be necessary to dredge channels, varying from 90 feet to 250 feet in bottom widths, for dis- tances aggregating 38.81 miles, involving the removal of 12,161,169 cubic yards of material, and to construct four bridges at points where three highways and one railroad cross the route of the water- way. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $4,625,105.05, of which $500,000 was for the purchase of the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal, $4,114,528.33 for new work, and $10,576.72 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $534,894.95 available for expenditure on this improve- ment, including the sum of $371,500 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Acquisition of right-of-way : Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, Va________ $2, 470. 00 Virginia Cut, Va. - 3, 495. 00 North Landing River, Va 3, 885. 10 North Carolina Cut, N. C________________ 102. 00 Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C------ 9, 863. 80 Adams Creek-Core Creek Canal, N. C_ 1, 350. 00 - $21, 165. 90 (b) New work (dredging with Government plant operated by hired labor) : Dredging Alligator River-Pungo land cut, N. C., to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water, to a bottom width of 90 feet, with side slopes of 1 on 21/2, 1,500,000 cubic yards at 16% cents___________------------------- 250, 000.00 (c) New work (construction by contract) : A steel highway bridge over Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C_____---- 33, 000. 00 502 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 (d) Maintenance (dredging by contract or with Government plant) : Dredging in completed waterway between Norfolk and Albe- marie Sound, 410,000 cubic yards at 16 cents- ____-__-_ $65, 600. 00 (e) Maintenance (construction of snagboat) : To be applied as this improvement's proportionate share of the expense of con- structing a snagboat for the improvement and maintenance of the streams in the district--------------------------------45, 000. 00 (f) Repairs to dredge Currituck and attendant plant (made up largely of liabilities for work done in the preceding fiscal year) --------------------------------------- ------------ 60, 520. 36 (g) Miscellaneous outstanding liabilities for services, supplies, etc---------------------------------------- ----- 8, 654. 11 (h) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies------------------40, 954. 58 Total -------------------------------- ------- 534, 894. 95 It is proposed to accomplish the work herein outlined in accord- ance with the following schedule: (a) Appropriate action tending toward securing to the United States title to all of the right of way required will be pursued between July, 1924, and June, 1925. (b) Dredging under new work will be performed between July, 1924, and June, 1925, at an estimated monthly expenditure of $21,000. (c) During the fiscal year plans and specifications will be prepared and bids solicited for the construction of a steel highway bridge, containing a draw span, for the purpose of carrying over the Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, near Fairfield, N. C., the turnpike owned and operated by the Fairfield Canal & Turnpike Co. (d) Dredging under maintenance will be performed between July, 1924, and June, 1925, at an estimated monthly expenditure of $5,500. It is pro- posed to do this work with Government plant operated by hired labor. (e) It is proposed to construct the snagboat between the months of Septem- ber and December, 1924. (f) The repairs to the dredge Currituck and attendant plant were well ad- vanced during June, 1924, and will be completed in July, 1924. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $520,000 for maintenance and improvement; $365,000 to be applied to new work, as follows: $264,000 for 12 months' dredging with Government plant at $22,000 per month, $66,000 for the construction of two bridges on the Alli- gator River-Pungo River land cut, and $35,000 for engineering, su- pervision and contingencies; $155,000 to be applied to maintenance work, as follows: $75,000 for dredging by contract at North River Bar, N. C., $65,000 for dredging with Government plant, and $15,000 for engineering, supervision, and contingencies. Commercial statistics.-The total traffic on the waterway for the calendar year 1923, exclusive of rafted logs, amounted to 442,000 tons of an estimated value of $16,230,966. The tonnage was about 4 per cent greater than in 1922 and the value 55 per cent greater. About 65 per cent of the tonnage was northbound, 83 per cent of which consisted of logs and other forest products. Other chief com- modities northbound were oysters in shell, potatoes, melons, cotton, fertilizer, and fertilizer material, and miscellaneous merchandise. The chief commodities southbound were bituminous coal, brick, gaso- line, and other petroleum products, cement, vegetable food products, fertilizer materials, and prepared fertilizers. The northbound ton- nage was about 4 per cent less than that of 1922, and the southbound 22 per cent greater. Two steamboats made three trips per week each, between Norfolk and Elizabeth City, N. C., and one steamboat RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 503 three trips per week between Norfolk and Poplar Branch, N. C. A regular line of motor vessels plied triweekly between Norfolk and Beaufort, N. C. Numerous small motor boats and small sail vessels plied irregularly on the waterway. Comparative :statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 ---------177, 870 $4, 386, 898 4, 119 1922 3-...-.. 425, 548 $10, 894, 999 8, 303 1920 1--- 118, 187 7, 360, 574 5, 876 1 1923 4.--_ 442, 000 16, 230, 966 6, 911. 1921 2---- ---- 261, 420 7, 712, 763 8,463 1 Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 48,000 tons, valued 23Additional Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 24,000 tons, valued at $76,800. at $215,000. 4Additional traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 29,798 tons, valued at $104,293. traffic in rafted forest products amounted to 55,021 tons, valued at $341,353. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $32,775.84: New work-------------------------------------------$4, 906, 623. 98 Maintenance -------------------------------- --- 3, 381. 07 Net total expended ------------------------------------ 4, 970, 005.05 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 5, 504, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1. - -. $644, 922. 21 $541, 410. 69 $142, 266. 64 $225, 692. 44 $263, 841. 00 Expended for maintenance ---... ...-....... -------------- 6, 976. 72 Total expended 1-.-. 644, 922. 21 541, 410. 69 142, 266. 64 225, 692. 44 270, 817.72 Appropriated or allotted--- --------------- 240,000.00 400,000.00 371,500.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__________________________ $434, 443.07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924-__-_____----_-_ ---- __--_____-_ . 371, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924___ 269. 60 806, 212. 67 Deduction on account of transfer to Pokety Creek, Va _____-- 500. 00 805, 712. 67 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new ork---------------------------- $263, 841. 00 For maintenance 6, 976. 72 270, 817. 72 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- 534, 894. 95 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 100, 340. 35 July 1, 1924, balance available -------------------------------- 434, 554. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project. - _________ - -__________-__-- 2 3, 287, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work --------------------------------------- 365, 000. 00 For maintenance------------------------- -------- ___ 2155, 000. 00 Total 2 520, 000. 00 ....------------------ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 504 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 11. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE INLAND WATERWAY FROM NORFOLK, VA., TO BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms a part ,of the project for " Inland Waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C." (See pages 498 to 503, where general information can be found.) The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of that part of the waterway which lies between Norfolk, Va,., land Albemarle Sound, N. C., and between the, Neuse River and Beaufort Inlet, N. C. Between Main Street, Norfolk, and the bell buoy at the mouth of North River in Albemarle Sound, a distance of 67.33 miles, the waterway includes 16.96 miles of land cuts between natural waterways and cut-offs of bends in rivers and 40.82 miles of improved channels in natural waterways. Between the mouth of Adams Creek in Neuse River and the Norfolk-Southern Railroad crossing of the Newport River, at Morehead City, and Beaufort, N. C., a distance of 19.05 miles, the waterway includes 6.47 miles of land cut and 12.58 miles of improved channel in natural waterways. The maintenance and operation of the above improve- ments has been carried on under the permanent indefinite appro- priation since April 30, 1913, the date of purchase by the United States of the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal from the Chesapeake & Albemarle Canal Co. 'the Operations and results during fiscal year.-The four highway bridges owned by the Government and crossing waterway were operated continuously during the year, and repairs and im- provements to and reconstruction of buildings, bridges, piers, canal plant and property were made, as was found necessary. A new warehouse was constructed at Great Bridge, Va. Rafts passing Great Bridge were inspected, and commercial statistics pertaining to the waterway were collected and compiled. All of the above work was performed by hired labor. Repairs were made to the fender system at Core Creek Bridge, N. C., under contract. A total of $42,923.61 was expended, of which $28,252.59 was disbursed by the Norfolk, Va., district, and $14,671.02 by the Wilmington, N. C., district. Of the total expenditure, $17,752.69 was for operation of canals, bridges, and other works, $5,640.64 was for ordinary maintenance and repairs, and $19,530.38 for, improvements and re construction. Condition, at end, of fiscal year.-The portion of the waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Albemarle Sound, N. 'C., had a controlling depth of 8.8 feet at mean low water in June, 1924, this depth per- taining to a shoal in Currituck Sound, N. C.; the portion of the waterway from Neuse River, N. C., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C., had a controlling depth of 12 feet at mean low water in June, 1924, 'and the dredged portions of Alligator River, and Alligator River-Pungo River land cut, N. C., on which dredging operations have been con- ducted, had controlling depths of 12 feet at mean low water in De- cember, 1922, and June, 1924, respectively. The total expenditure for operating and care of the waterway from the indefinite appro- priation was $240,381.34, including the sum of $14,671.02 disbursed by the Wilmington, N. C., District during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 505 Proposed operations.-The waterway, bridges, and plant pertain- ing to the operations will be operated and maintained under the allotment from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Inland waterway from Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C. BLACKWATER RIVER, VA.; MEHERRIN AND ROANOKE RIVERS AND NEWBEGUN CREEK, N. C. (GROUP C) 12. BLACKWATER RIVER, VA. I(Cl) Location and description.-This river, a nontidal stream, rises in Prince George County, near Petersburg, Va., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for 80 miles, where it unites with the Notto- way River to form the Chowan River, which empties into, Albemarle Sound. The portion under improvement extends from its mouth to Franklin, Va., a distance of 13 miles. The average width between banks below Franklin, Va., is 200 feet. The drainage area and dis- charge at high and low water are unknown. It is a sluggish stream :and carries very little sediment. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Holland Quadrangle, Va.) Original condition.-The channel was about 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Franklin, Va., but navigation was hampered by obstructions and short bends. Above Franklin the channel dimensions were considerably less. The head of navigation was usually referred to as being at Franklin, Va., about 13 miles above the mouth, but the stream had, as at present, a depth of 3 feet :at mean low water to Burdette, Va., about 12 miles farther up- stream, making a total navigable length of about 25 miles. Previous project.--The original and only project antedating the present project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. A total of $14,000 was expended under this project for new work. For further details of the previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the 13 miles of river below Franklin, Va., of obstructions, so as to afford a condition of easy navigation for boats of 7-foot draft. The stream is nontidal. The portion of the river under improvement is subject to freshets of short duration, causing rises of 3 to 4 feet, but the general stage of the river remains for the greater part of the time at the elevation ,of Albemarle Sound, with which it connects. The latest approved estimate (1907) of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended ,on previous project, is $8,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, in accordance with report published in House Docu- ment No. 177, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. There is no pub- lished map of this improvement. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf and warehouse at Franklin, Va., and three small wharves with warehouses between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these are privately owned, but are 506 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 open to the general public on equal terms. Physical connection be- tween rail and water carriers exists only at Franklin, Va., where the Seaboard Air Line has a track on the wharf. The streets of Frank- lin connect with the wharf at that point, and at the other landings are ordinary country roads. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveiment.-Navigationhas been rendered easier and safer by the work that has been performed. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year comprised the removal of trees, logs, and other similar obstructions from the navigable channel of the river. The total ex- penditure for this purpose for the fiscal year was $1,956.96, all of which is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908. Logs, snags, trees, and other obstructions have been removed at various times, and there was an available depth of 7 feet- at mean low water between Franklin, Va., and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in August, 1923. The total expenditure under the existing project is $9,774.85, of which $2,144.33 was for new work and $7,630.52 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $7,725.15 for expenditure on this improvement, in- cluding the sum of $7,500 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924.. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Maintenance (construction of snagboat) : To be applied as this improvement's proportionate part of the expense of con- structing a snagboat for the improvement and maintenance of the streams in the district -_ ___ _$5, 000. 00 (b) Maintenance (snagging with Government plant) : Removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., as may be neces- sary to make the natural depth available for navigation___ 2, 225. 15 (c) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies------------------- 500. 00 Total _- - ______-- _ _ 7, 725. 15 It is proposed to construct the snagboat between the months of' September and December, 1924, and after its completion to use it in snagging operations. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during- the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $3,000 for maintenance, to be applied to the removal of obstructions to navigation in the way of logs, snags, and similar obstructions that may be expected to, accumulate. Conmercial statistics.-The aggregate tonnage of traffic on the river reported for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 27,272 tons. with a value of $406,606. About 87 per cent of the tonnage con- sisted of forest products floated in rafts, of which class none was reported for 1922. The remainder of the tonnage consisted of cot- ton, peanuts, prepared fertilizer, and general merchandise carried by three steamboats of the Albemarle Steam Navigation Co. The tonnage of commodities carried by the steamboats was about 30 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 507 per cent less and their value about 40 per cent less than reported for 1922. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1921 .....---------------------- 2, 544 $303, 526 1923 1-------------------- 27, 272 $406, 606 1922 ---------------------. 5,110 517, 250 1 Includes 23,707 tons logs and piling rafted, with value of $96,481. No statistics available for 1919 and 1920. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15: New work------------------------- $16, 144. 33 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 7, 630. 52 Net total expended ------------------------------- 23, 774. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report ---------------- 31, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . Expended for maintenance ---- 079. 21 $--------------2, $4. 59 $1, 956. 96 Appropriated or allotted ..------------------------------------------- 2,000. 00 7,500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $2, 182. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------------ 7, 500. 00 9, 682. 11 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 1, 956. 96 --------------------- July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-_ 7, 725. 15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926\ for maintenance ----------------------------- 23, 000.00 13. MEHERRIN RIVER, N. C. (C2) Location and description.-This river rises in Lunenburg County, Va., flows in a southeasterly direction a distance of about 100 miles, and empties into the Chowan River, N. C., at a point about 39 miles above Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement ex- tends from its mouth to Murfreesboro, N. C., a distance of 12 miles. Currents are generally feeble. The average width between banks below Murfreesboro is 250 feet. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. (See U. S. Geological Survey, Winton quadrangle, N. C.) Original condition.-The channel was about 80 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of the river to Mur- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 508 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 freesboro, but it was badly obstructed by logs, sunken trees, and shoals. Above Murfreesboro the channel was narrower, more tor- tuous, and the obstructions more numerous and dangerous. The head of navigation was usually considered as being at Murfreesboro, 12 miles above the mouth, but small boats used the river, as at pres- ent, as far as Princeton Landing, 5 miles farther upstream, making a total navigable length of 17 miles. Previous projects. The original and only previous project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1883. The amount expended under this project was $4,584.53 for new work. For fur- ther details of previous project see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of shoals, sunken logs, snags, and other obstructions, so as to make the river safely navigable for vessels of less than 7 feet draft between the mouth and Murfreesboro, a distance of 12 miles. The entire stream is nontidal and, except during freshets, its water surface rises and falls accord- ing as the winds raise or lower the water level of Albemarle Sound. Freshets cause variations of water level of from 3 to 4 feet in the navigable portion of the river. The latest approved estimate (1907). of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $6,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 137, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) For latest map see House Document No. 112, Sixty-third Congress, first session.. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five small pile wharves, with roughly constructed wooden warehouses, on this river, two of which are at Murfreesboro, N. C., and three between this point and the mouth of the river. All of these wharves are privately owned but are open to general public use on equal terms upon the payment of wharfage. There are no railroad connections with any of the wharves, but ordinary county roads extend to all of the landings The wharfage facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation on this stream has been ren- dered easier and safer. It has not been possible to ascertain what effect, if any, the improvement has had on freight r'ates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year comprised the removal of trees, logs, snags, and other similar obstructions from the navigable channel of the river. The total expenditure for this purpose for the fiscal year was $2,292.81, all of which is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908. Shoals, sunken logs, snags, and overhanging trees have been removed, and there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water between Murfreesboro and the mouth of the river at the last examination, which was made in November, 1923. A total of $10,493.92 has been expended under the existing project, of which $1,932.88 was for new work and $8,561.04 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NOORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 509 Proposed operaltions.-At the close of the fiscal year there was $7,506.08 for expenditure on this improvement, including the sum of $7,500 allotted from, the act of June, 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Maintenance (construction of snagboat) : To be applied as this improvement's proportionate part of the expense of construct- ing a snagboat for the improvement of the streams in the district ______----------___ __ _ --- $5, 000. 00 (b) Maintenance (snagging with Government plant) : Removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., as may be necessary to make the natural depth available for navigation----------2, 000. 00 (c) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies------------------- 506. 08 Total ----------------------------------------- 7, 506. 08 It is proposed to construct the snagboat between the months of September and December, 1924, and after its completion to use it in snagging operations. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $3,000 for maintenance, to be applied to the removal of obstructions to, navigation in the way of logs, snags, and similar obstructions that may be expected to accumulate. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic reported for the river in 1923 was more than five times as great as for 1922. About 83 per cent of this increase was forest products and the re- maining 17 per cent other commodities consisting chiefly of fertilizer, cotton, peanuts, and petroleum products carried principally by three steamboats of the Albemarle Steam Navigation Co. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1921--......-..--..-...-.-6,858 31,813 $997,661 $649,427 1923---------------------....................... 1922_.----_...--------.- -6, 033 612, 990 No passengers carried. No statistics available for 1919 and 1920. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10: New work--------- ------------------------------- $6, 517.41 Maintenance-------------------------- 8, 561. 04 Net total expended--------- --------------------- 15, 078. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------22, 584.53 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_..- .......... Expended formaintenance 1-. _. ... $2, 565. 34 .-_....... $48. 85 $2, 292. 81 Appropriated or allotted--------- .., -------------- . __- __ ---- .------ 2, 000. 00 7, 500. 00 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 510 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __-__-____------------__- $2, 298. 89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7,1924------------- --------------------------- 7,500. 00 9, 798. 89 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 2, 292. 81 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 7, 506. 08 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance -------------------- 3, 000. 00 14. ROANOKE RIVER, N. C. (C3) Location and description.-This stream is formed by the junction of the Dan and Staunton Rivers at Clarksville, Va., and flows south- easterly for 198 miles into Albemarle Sound, N. C. The portion under improvement extends from Weldon, N. C., to the mouth, a distance of 129 miles. It has a drainage area of 9,200 square miles, an average low-water discharge of 1,400, and an average high-water discharge of 15,000 second-feet. Freshets are violent but of short duration. Ordinarily the current is moderate. The average width between banks is 330 feet. The stream is nontidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1228 and Post Route Map of North Carolina.) Original condition.The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to Hamilton, N. C., a distance of 62 miles, was 10 feet at mean low water. From Hamilton to Weldon, N. C., a distance of 67 miles, the controlling depth was from 2 to 3 feet at mean low water, but the channel was obstructed by shoals, snags, sunken vessels, and over- hanging trees. The head of navigation for all purposes was at Weldon, N. C., 129 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for removing obstructions be- tween the mouth and Hamilton, a distance of 62 miles, so as to fur- nish a channel adequate for vessels navigating the North Carolina sounds, and, by dredging, snagging, and regulation, securing a chan- nel with a least width of 50 feet and a depth of 5 feet at mean low water from Hamilton'to Weldon, a distance of 67 miles. The stream is nontidal. The rise and fall of the river resulting from freshets is from 10 to 30 feet for 60 or 70 miles below Weldon, but this fluc- tuation diminishes toward the mouth, the variations in water level being from 1 to 3 feet in the last 15 or 20 miles. The latest (1871) approved estimate of cost for new work is $269,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871 (S.Ex. Doc. No. 23, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1872, p. 726). For latest published map see page 1110, Annual Report for 1890. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves at Plymouth, N. C., and two between this point and the head of navigation, all of which are of the open pilework or bulkhead type, with warehouses. There 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 511 are also about 20 warehouses between the mouth of the river and the head of navigation. All of the wharves and landings are privately owned, except one of the wharves at Plymouth, which is publicly owned. All are open to general public use on equal terms, except three of the wharves at Plymouth, which are private wharves. Di- rect physical connection between railroads and water carriers exists only at Plymouth, where the Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks extend to the company's wharf. The Atlantic Coast Line also enters Plymouth and has indirect rail connection with the Norfolk South- ern water terminals. Ordinary country roads, the condition of which varies with the season of the year, lead to all landings. The facilities on this stream are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.Navigationhas been rendered easier and safer. It has not been practicable to determine the effect, if any. of the improvement on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operations during the fiscal year comprised the removal of trees, logs, snags, and other similar obstructions from the navigable channel of the river. The total expenditure for this purpose during the fiscal year was $3,137.91, all of which is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 80 per cent completed. Obstructions and some shoals have been removed, and the channel has been cleared of logs and snags between the mouth of the river and a point about 5 miles below Weldon. The con- trolling depths at the last examination, which was made in February, 1924, were as follows: Between the mouth of the river and Hamilton, N. C., a distance of 62 miles, a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean low water, and between Hamilton and a point 2 miles below Weldon, N. C., a distance of 65 miles, a minimum depth of 3 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation is at Weldon. The total ex- penditures are $248,377.45, of which $227,074.12 was for new work and $21,303.33 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was $7,622.55 for expenditure on this improvement, including the sum of $7,500 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (e) Maintenance (construction of snag boat) : To be applied as this improvement's proportionate part of the expense of construct- ing a snag boat for the improvement and maintenance of the streams in the district __----------------- $5, 000. 00 (b) Maintenance (snagging with Government plant) : Removal of sunken logs, snags, overhanging trees, etc., as may be neces- sary to make the natural depth available for navigation_ _.. 2, 122. 55 (c) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies-_-_ __ _ 500. 00 Total ----------------------------- 7, 622. 55 It is proposed to construct the snag boat between the months of September and December, 1924, and after its completion to use it in snagging operations. The additional 'amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $3,000 for maintenance, to be applied to the removal of obstructions to navigation in the way of 10710-ENG 1924- 33 512 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 logs, snags, and similar obstructions that may be expected to accu- mulate. No appropriation for completion is deemed necessary, as the pres- ent dimensions, if maintained, are considered adequate for the com- merce now using the stream. Commiercial statistics.-The tonnage of water-borne traffic of 1923 amounted to 121,380 tons, with a value of $2,042,143. Of the above amounts, about 86 per cent and 15 per cent, respectively, were forest products, 70 per cent of which are for logs floated in rafts. Other chief commodities comprised peanuts and other vegetable food prod- ucts, cotton, petroleum oils, and fertilizer. The tonnage of forest products was about 52 per cent greater than in 1922, and other com- modities about 105 per cent greater. Package freight was carried principally by two steamboats, with drafts of 7 feet, making, col- lectively, about three trips per week; also by motor boats. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 19191. 42, 976 $2, 548, 727 1922 4 ..---------..---- 76, 425 $793, 171 1920 2................ 61, 593 1, 035, 130 1923 5.----------- --------- 121, 380 2, 042, 143 1921 --------------------- 62, 354 634, 620 1 Includes 20,530 tons rafted logs, valued at $184,842. 2 Includes 54,114 tons rafted logs, valued at $180,380. 3 Includes 41,075 tons rafted logs, valued at $123,725. 4 Includes 55,820 tons rafted logs, valued at $117,222. 5 Includes 72,500 tons rafted logs, valued at $180,371. Financial sumcmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,361.50: New work_- $227, 074. 12 Maintenance-- -- ---- 21, 303. 33 Net total expended --------- 248, 377. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report- 256, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- Expended for maintenance 1 $16. 94 $69066 $621. 41 $3, 137. 91 Appropriated or allotted . ---- - - --- - 7, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- -- $3, 260. 46 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924--- --- 7, 500. 00 10, 760. 46 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 3, 137. 91 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- --- 7, 622. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ 2 42, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance__ 2 3, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS- NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 513 15. NEW V EGUN CREEK, N. C. (C4) Location and description.T--This stream rises in Pasquotank County, N. C., flows in an easterly direction a distance of about 5 miles, and empties into the Pasquotank River about 5 miles above the mouth of that river in Albemarle Sound. The stream is nontidal and sluggish. The width between banks is about one-fourth mile at its mouth. This width gradually decreases, until about 2 miles above its mouth the width is about 700 feet, and 21/2 miles farther upstream is only about 70 feet, at the head of navigation at Walstons Bridge. The drainage area and discharge at high and low water are not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1228.) Originalcondition.-The controlling depth from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation was and is about 4/2 feet at mean low water. In the Pasquotank River, in front of the mouth of the creek, there is a sand bar over which there is a channel with a depth of about 4 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for all purposes was and is at Walstons Bridge, about 41/2 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for an available depth of 5 feet at mean low water, and width of 40 feet, increased at entrances and on curves, across the bar at the mouth of the stream, a distance of about 3,000 feet. The stream is nontidal, and except immediately after heavy rainfall the level of the creek varies with that of Albe- marle Sound, which islargely influenced by wind, and unfavorable winds may cause variations of 2 feet above or below the mean level. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1913 is $5,000. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $250. The existing project was adopted in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H.Doc. No. 24, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. T'erminal facilities.-There are 13 landings or warehouses on the creek. One of these, Old Weeksville, is owned by the county, but is leased to a company owning a gasoline boat operating on the river. All of the other wharves and warehouses are privately owned. The wharves are of pile and openwork construction. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Ef'ect of improvement.-The improvement has enabled deeper draft vessels to pass over the bar at the mouth of the creek, and has rendered navigation easier and safer for this portion of the stream. It has not been practicable to ascertain what effect, if any, the im- provement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- ture of $43.16 was for office expenses and collection of commercial statistics and is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920. The controlling depth over the part of the stream included in this project was 5 feet at mean low water at the last examination, which was made in February, 1920. The total expendi- 514 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ture on this work to the end of the fiscal year wias $4,924.80, of which $4,802.08 was for new work and $122.72 for maintenance. Pro osed operations.--At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $2,075.20 for expenditure on this improvement. If re- quired, dredging will be done for maintenance of, the improved channel to project dimensions. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are required, as the unexpended balance is sufficient for necessary maintenance until June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.-The chief commodities carried on the creek in 1923 were potatoes and other farm products and fertilizer, carried by one motor boat. The tonnage of the traffic in 1923 was about 6 per cent less than in 1922. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919_- 5,475 $453,700 1922 2,183 99,520 1920 ((1(1) 1923-- 2, 042 66, 464 1921... 3, 823 223,835 1 No statistics available. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work - $4, 802.08 Maintenanee ,122. 72 Net total expended 4, 924. 80 Total appropriations to date of this report -.......... - 7, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .------ $4, 802. 08 Expended for maintenance-----................ $5. 50 $70. 83 $3. 23 $43. 16 Appropriated or allotted -- -- --- -- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -___ ______ -$--2,118. 36 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 43. 16 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -- _ _ ------------- -__ 2, 075. 20 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,386.50: New work - $254, 537. 94 Maintenance -- __ --- ------------- --- 37, 617. 61 -Net total expended __----------- 292,155. 55 Total appropriations to date of this report___ 317, 084. 53 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 515 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $4, 802. 08 Expended for maintenance 1 16. 94 $5. 50 $5, 406. 04 $67. 08 $7, 430. 84 Total expended 1-......... 4, 819. 02 5. 50 5, 406. 04 1 678. 08 7, 430. 84 Appropriated or allotted ------------- 4, 000. 00 22, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------- $9, 850. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924_______-______ - _---- 2. 500. 00 32, 359. 82 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 7, 430. 84 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -__ 24, 928. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ___ __2 42, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_ 2 9, 000. 00 16. SCUPPERNONG RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-This river rises in the center of a peninsula between Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. It flows in a general northerly direction, making a long bend eastward to the town of Columbia, then turning westward again until it flows into Albemarle Sound. Its length is about 30 miles, and its drainage area is about 182 square miles. There are no lunar tides. The cur- rent is sluggish, the fall per mile being very small. The width of the stream between Columbia and the mouth varies from 60 feet to 3,000 feet. The discharge of this stream depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1228.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 5 feet at mean low water across the bar at the mouth. The upper portion was ob- structed by logs, snags, stumps, overhanging growth, and by abrupt bends. Spruills Bridge was the head of navigation for steamers- 23 miles from mouth. Logging and rafting could be carried 1 mile farther. Previous project--The previous projects for this improvement were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, and June 13, 1902. The amount expended thereunder was $21,248.68 for new work and $13,061.56 for maintenance, a total of $34,310.24. For further details of previous projects see page 1802 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide on bottom across the bar; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom up to and in front of the town of Columbia; thence 8 feet deep and 40 feet wide on bottom to Spruills Bridge near Creswell, including six cut-offs; thence 7 feet deep and 30 feet wide on bottom to the highway bridge near Cherry; and a turn- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 516 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ing basin 7 feet deep, of a triangular form 150 feet wide on a side, near Cherry Bridge at, the mouth of Mauls Creek. The plane of reference is mean low water. This is a nontidal stream, the oscillations of the surface being controlled by the winds, which cause ordinary variations of 1 foot. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as determined by one year's tide gauge read- ings. The estimate of cos t for new work revised in 1921 is $46,800, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. This project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doe. No. 1196, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The wharves on the portion of this river un- der improvement number 27, of which 9 are below Columbia, 12 at Columbia, 4 near Cross Landing, and 2 at Spruills Bridge. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation, and generally have plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 286 feet, the total frontage being 1,530 feet. All are private and, except those pertaining solely to the lumber interests, are open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has had the effect of reducing freight rates and enabling deeper-draft vessels to use the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- ture of $426.52 was for office expenses and inspections and is charge- able to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 69 per cent com- pleted. In June, 1923, a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water existed across the bar at the mouth and up to Columbia; thence 7 feet to Spruills Bridge, 23 miles above; thence 5 feet to Cherry, 26 miles above the mouth. The total expenditures on the existing project are $21,853.50, of which $21,426.98 was for new work and $426.52 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance of $24,946.50 for expenditure on this improvement. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) New work (dredging by contract or with Government plant) : Widening and deepening the existing channel between a point 15 miles above the mouth and Spruills Bridge, a distance of 23 miles above the mouth, to a bottom width of 40 feet and a depth of S feet at mean low water; widening and deepening the existing channel betiveen Spruills Bridge and Cherry, a distance of 3 miles, to a bottom width of 30 feet and a depth of 7 feet at mean low water; and dredging a turning basin having a depth of 7 feet at Cherry, 70,000 cubic yards, at 32 cents __----------_--_-__ $22, 400.00 (b) Engineering, supervision, and contingencies 2, 546. 50 Total _________________------------------_-- 24.946.50 It is proposed to accomplish the above work by contract or with Government plant operated by hired labor between August and RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 517 November, 1924, at an estimated monthly expenditure of about $6,200. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $1,000 for maintenance, to be applied to such maintenance dredging with Government plant at such times and places as may be required. Commercial statistics. The traffic tonnage of 1923 amounted to 51,077 tons, with an estimated value of $676,577. The tonnage was about 83 per cent greater than that of 1922 and its value about 34 per cent greater. About 96 per cent of the iricreased tonnage con- sisted of forest products. The remainder of the increase was in the other classes of commodities carried, except fertilizer. About 6,240 tons of the tonnage consisted of logs and piling in rafts. There were no steamboats plying on the river. The traffic was carried principally by motor boats and to a small extent by sail vessels with drafts of 3 to 6 feet. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 _- - 38,860 $1,348,781 (1) 1922_ 27, 908 $501, 984 300 1920_ 7, 102- 678, 276 500 1923 2 51, 077 676, 577 693 1921 _ 11, 969 384, 130 500 1 No statistics available. 2 Includes 6,240 tons of logs rafted. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,035.74: New work - $42, 675. 66 Maintenance _ 13, 488. 08 Net total expended _ 56, 163. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report- - -- 81, 110. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -_____________ $11, 134. 43 $9, 268. 72 $1, 479. 83 Expended for maintenance 1 $244. 65 ---------- $426. 52 Appropriated or allotted _------- 31, 800. 00 15, 000. 00- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-_ $25, 378. 02 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 426. 52 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 24, 946. 50 Amount that can bhe profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 2 -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- - __ - -- -- - ___ 1000. 1, 00 17 MANTEO (SHALLOWBAG) BAY, N. C. Location and description.- Manteo Bay or Shallowbag Bay, formed by a natural indentation of the shore line, is situated on the 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 518 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 northeastern side of Roanoke Island, N. C. Elizabeth City, N. C., the nearest town, is 45 miles to the northwest, and Norfolk, Va., lies 90 miles north by west. The length and width of the bay are very small, being about a mile wide by 1/4 miles long. The bay is nontidal; variations in the water level are due to winds. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1229.) Original condition.-About 5 feet was the maximum draft that could be carried into the bay at mean low water. Manteo was the head of navigation, 1 mile from entrance. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance to the town of Manteo, 1 mile. The variations of the water surface are due to winds, such variations seldom exceeding 1 or 2 feet higher or lower than the mean stage. The extreme range of wind tides is 5.1 feet, as deter- mined by one year's tide gauge readings at Manteo. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $13,750. The latest (1908) ap- proved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 906, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this harbor under improvement number 17. All but one are of timber construc- tion with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 510 feet, the total frontage being 837 feet. All are private and all but two are open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveent.-The improvement has had the effect of allowing larger and safer boats to use this bay. It has, however, had no effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work of improve- ment or maintenance was carried on. A survey was made in May and June, 1924, to determine the condition of the improvement. The expenditure of $101.15 was for defraying the cost of.this survey, and is chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. In June, 1924, a channel about 51/2 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide existed from Roanoke Sound to, Manteo. The total expenditure under the existing project is $10,503.18 for new work and $13,347.97 for maintenance, a total of $23,851.15. Proposed operations.-At the close of the fiscal year there was the sum of $5,498.85 for expenditure on this improvement, including the sum of $5,000 allotted from the act of June 7, 1924. It is proposed to expend the above funds as follows: (a) Maintenance (dredging by contract or with Government plant) : Redredging to restore the channel to project dimensions --- __ $4, 800. 00 (b) Surveys, engineering, supervision, and contingencies __ -- 698. 85 Total_______-- _ __-----------------------_ 5,498.85 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NORFOLK, VA., DISTRICT 519 It is proposed to accomplish the above work during the month of March, 1925, with Government plant operated with hired labor. The additional amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is $2,000 for maintenance, to be applied to such maintenance dredging, with Government plant, as may be required. Commercial statistics.-The aggregate traffic tonnage for 1923 amounted to 13,181 tons, and was practically the same as for 1922. Its value was .$1,590,081, about 39 per cent greater than for 1922. The inbound traffic was about 16 per cent less and its value about 7 per cent greater than in 1922. The out-bound traffic was more than twice as great as that of 1922 and 'its value about 23/4 times as great. The chief commodities received comprised sea, food, vegetable,-food products, lumber, petroleum products, fertilizer, and general mer- chandise. The chief commodities shipped were livestock, fish, farm products, firewood, and general merchandise. About 20 per cent of the traffic was carried by one steamboat plying on lay days between Manteo, N. C., and Elizabeth City, N. C., and the remainder by motor bolats and sail vessels. Conmparative statement 1 Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 ---------- 7, 973 $1, 505, 444 (1) 1922 _....... 12, 998 $1,1.40, 503 12, 000 1920 4, 823 887, 171 10, 000 1923 13, 181 1, 590, 081 11, 222 1921.... 5, 003 511, 742 10, 000 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $73.74: New work $10, 503. 18 Maintenance__ _ 3, 347. 97 1_________ Net total expended 23, 851. 15 Total appropriations to date of this report 29, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - Expended for maintenance 2 $4, 754. 60 $101. 15 Appropriated or allotted $4, 500. 00 5, 600. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923____ _ $600. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 5, 000. 00 5, 600. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 101. 15 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended - 5, 498. 85 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities.- 306.51 July 1, 1924, balance available_ 5, 192. 34 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. for maintenance _ _ 3 2, 000. 00 SNo data available for years prior to 1920. 2 Not deducting, receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. 10710-ENG 1924-34 520 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS M ADE IN COMPLIANCE WTITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920, AND SEITEMBER 22, 1922 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Onancock River, Va.- Reports dated January 26, 1923, and December 21, 1923, are printed in House Document No. 219, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan is presented for the modification of the existing project for the improvement of this locality to the extent of providing a channel 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide across the bar, and generally 100 feet wide in the river, with a turning basin near the head of navigation, at an estimated cost of $87,100, with $2,000 annually for maintenance. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of NorfolkI Harbor, Va., channels in Southern and Eastern Branches of Elizabeth River.- Reports dated January 12, 1922, and December 21, 1923, with maps, are printed in House Document No. 226, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of provid- ing in the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 375 feet wide from the upper end of the 40-foot channel at the Belt Line Railroad bridge to the Virginian Railway bridge, and thence 25 feet deep and generally 200 feet wide to the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge, and in the Eastern Branch a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the upper end of the present 25-foot channel; at the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge to the Virginian Railway bridge, at a total estimated cost of $541,000, with $5,000 annually for maintenance, this improve- ment being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. Reports on preliminary examinations and survey required by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engi- neers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Warwoick River, Va.- Reports dated December 10, 1920, and August 11, 1923, were trans- mitted to Congress January 14, 1924. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 9. Preliminar"y examination of Pocahunt Creek, N. C.-Report dated January 17, 1923, was transmitted to Congress December 14, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Appomattox Ricer, Va., up to Petersburg. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 521 2. Norfolk Harbor, Va., with a view to providing an anchorage basin in the vicinity of Craney Island. 3. Pasquotank River, at Elizabeth City, N. C. 4. Yeopim River, Chowan County, N. C. IMPROVEMENT OF -RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT This district includes river and harbor improvements in central and eastern North Carolina from Pamlico River to Shallotte River, N. C., near the State line, embracing the watersheds of all rivers in North Carolina within the limits stated. District engineer: Maj. Oscar O. Kuentz, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, to June, 1924. IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriations.] Page Page 1. Waterway connecting Swan 14. Inland waterway, Beaufort Quarter Bay with Deep to Jacksonville, N. C. Bay, N. C- 521 (A4) __ 545 2. Pamlico and Tar Rivers, 15. Harbor at Morehead City, N. C- 522 N. C. (A5) --------- 548 3. Fishing Creek, N. C__-___- 525 16. Beaufort Inlet, N. C. (A6)_ 551 4. South River, N. C_ 526 17. Harbor of Refuge at Cape 5. Bay River, N. C ...-.... 527 Lookout, N. C- 553 6. Neuse River, N. C- 527 18. Cape Fear River, N. C., at 7. Smiths Creek, N. C -------- 531 and below Wilmington 8. Swift Creek, N. C_______ 531 (B1) ____- ______- 555 9. Contentnea Creek, N. C .... 533 19. Cape Fear River, N. C., 10. Trent River, N. C- 536 above Wilmington (B2)__ 560 11. Channel connecting Thor- 20. Northeast (Cape Fear) oughfare Bay with Cedar River, N. C. (B3) --_-.. 564 Bay, N .C. (Al)- 538 21. Black River, N. C. (B4) ... 567 12. Harbor at Beaufort, N. C. 22. Operating and care of Locks (A2) 540 and Dams Nos. 1 and 2, 13. Waterway connecting Core Cape Fear River, N. C ____ 570 Sound and Beaufort Har- 23. Shallotte River, N. C- 570 bor, N. C. (A3)- 543 L WATERWAY CONNECTING SWAN QUARTER BAY WITH DEEP BAY, N. C. The project was completed in 1911. No expenditures were made during the year, no balance is available, and no work is now pro- posed for the reason that maintenance dredging will probably not be necessary during the next fiscal year. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1923, page 523. Comm ercial statistics.-The commerce for the year all passed over the improved section in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet and in flats or scows drawing 4 feet. The principal items were gro- ceries, grain, lumber, and fertilizer. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established and none abandoned during the year. The increase in the commerce was due to the establishment of a lumber mill near Swan Quarter, which sent all its lumber over this water- way. 522 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Cormparc'ative statement General commerce General commerce Calendar year Passengers Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919----------- 6,723 $715,786 3, 500 1922 ......... 4, 116 $322, 579 500 1920 -.....-... 8, 735 887, 953 3, 500 1923____ ___ 23, 212 582, 074 400 1921 8, 426 458, 307 1, 000 Financial summinary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,000.00: New work- $8, 550. 98 Maintenance 9, 113. 8 Net total expended - -17, 664. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report 17, 664. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work__ Expended for maintenance 1$2, $111.96 $2, 866. 56 $194.34 $1,102. 97 Appropriated or allotted-_ - - 3, 089. 76 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2. PAMLICO AND TAR RIVERS, N. C. Location and description,.-The two names are applied to the same river, it being known as the Pamlico below Washington, N. C., and as the Tar above that point. This stream rises in Person County, flows in a general southeasterly direction for 217 miles, and empties in Pamlico Sound. The stream has a drainage area of about 3,608 square miles. The Pamnlico River is 38 miles long. There are no lunar tides. At Tarboro 49 miles above Washington, the minimum recorded flow is 170 second-feet, the average about 2,000 second-feet, and the maximum 14,600 second-feet. The current is sluggish in the portion affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Greenville, 22 miles above Washington, as the fall between this point and Tarboro is 0.43 foot per mile. The stream is about 41/2 miles wide at the mouth, 1 mile at Washington, 300 feet at Greenville, and 220 feet at Tarboro. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 537.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by war blockades, sunken logs, snags, stumps and sand shoals, so that the governing low-water depths were 5 feet to Washington and perhaps 1 foot to Tarboro, to which place navigation by steamers was practicable dur- ing freshet stages only. About 3 feet could be carried to Tarboro during about eight high-water months per year, January to August, inclusive. The length of portion navigable for steamboats was 86 miles and for rafting 94 miles. Previous project.-The first improvement of this stream was under- taken under authority of river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Re- port for 1915. The amount expended on this project was $15,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 523 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide up to Washington; 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to Greenville; 20 inches deep and 60 feet wide to Tarboro; thence to clear the natural channel above Tarboro to Little Falls. The length of section under improvement is 87 miles, extend- ing from a point 4 miles' below Washington to Little Falls. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water surface at Washington, due to prevailing winds, seldom exceeds 2 feet. The extreme range of the flood or freshet stage for the upper section is 20 feet at Tarboro. For the lower section, observations covering a period of four years show an extreme range due to winds of 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $228,550, exclusive, of amount ex- pended under previous project. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, authorized a channel of 9 feet from the mouth to Washington; the river and harbor act of May 3, 1879, provided for the section of the river between Washington and Tarboro (H. Doc. No. 68, 45th Cong., 3d sess.); the section of the river between Tarboro and Little Falls (Rocky Mount) was added to the project in 1890 as a result of a preliminary examination authorized by the river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1130); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, authorized changing the depth between Washington and Greenville (H. Doc. No. 342, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, covered the latest modification of the portion between Washington and Greenville and authorized increase in depth from the mouth to Washington from 9 to 10 feet (H. Doc. No. 270, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local coopera:tion.-None. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of this river un- der improvement number 72, of which 50 are along the water front at Washington, 1 on Castle Island in front of town, 2 across the river from town, 8 between Washington and the mouth, and 11 between Washington and the mouth of Fishing Creek. They are generally of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from .8 to 410 feet, the total frontage being 4,800 feet. Of those at Washington, 44 are private, with a frontage of 3,949 feet;: 3 are owned by the railroads, with a frontage of 260 feet; 2 are owned by the city, with a frontage of 282 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 188 feet. The city wharves are open to use by all water carriers free; the railroad wharves are open to all on equal terms; vessels are usually permitted to tie up at the private wharves when not in use by the owners. The city acquired 150 feet of frontage with a view of building a public ter- minal, but this site is now leased to private parties. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at Washington, Greenville, or Tarboro. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of iimprovement. The effect of the improvement has beet to lower rail and water freight rates and to allow vessels of deeper 524 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 draft to reach Washington, N. C. Above Washington it has pro- vided a more economical and convenient way for the handling of farm products, fertilizer, etc. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of maintenance dredging and snagging. The U. S. dredge Croatan, working 20 miles above Washington, N. C., removed 19,409 cubic yards of material from four shoals, aggre- gating 2,525 feet in length, which resulted in restoring the channel to project dimensions between Washington and Greenville. The U. S. derrick boat Contentnea, working between Washington and Tarboro, N. C., removed from the channel 7 snags, 6 stumps, 40 logs, 39 saw logs, 28 trees, 9 cords of small snags, and 460 linear feet of old jetty; from the banks 20 trees and 1 tree trimmed. This work resulted in clearing the channel between Washington and Greenville. The total expenditures were $16,486.81, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1915. A channel 10 feet deep and about 150 feet wide exists from the mouth to Washington; thence 5 feet deep and about 50 feet wide to a point about 2 miles below Greenville; thence 3 feet deep and about 50 feet wide to Greenville. From this point to the mouth of Fishing Creek only 1 foot is available at low water. The total expenditures to June 30, 1924, are $286,680.73 for new work and $107,758.87 for maintenance, a total of $394,439.60. Proposed operations.-The funds available June 30, 1924, will be used for maintenance of the project, as follows: Outstanding liabilities, June 30, 1924 $1, 304. 62 Operation derrick boat Contentnea, Feb. 1 to Mar. 31, 1925, two months, at $700_ - - 1, 400.00 Repairs to floating plant -------- 3,919. 25 Superintendence and contingencies 600. 00 Total- ___ 7, 223. 87 The sum 9f $18,250 can be profitably expended during the fiscal fear ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan, May and June, 1926, two months, at $5,000_ ------------------------ $10, 000 Operation derrick boat Con tentnea Oct. 1 to Nov. 30, 1925, two months, at $700 ------------------------------ 1, 400 Proportionate part of cost of repairs to dredge Croatan____________ 6, 250 Superintendence and contingencies_--------------------- 600 ---- Total____- __-_______----------- - --- 18, 250 Commercial statistics.-Of the commerce for the year 164,734 tons valued at $4,704,544 passed over the improved sections. Timber, lumber, fertilizer material, and fertilizer were the principal items and were carried in barges and schooners drawing from 5 to 9 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed; farm and water prod- ucts were carried in gas, steam, and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. One line was abandoned and none es- tablished during the year. The increase was due to larger lumber shipments and to the larger amount of freight handled by the boat line between Norfolk and Washington. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 525 Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 19!9- 101, 493 $6, 503, 610 55, 450 $554, 500 6, 000 1920_ 104, 308 5, 802, 256 35, 643 356, 430 8, 000 1921_ 113, 967 3, 598, 712 31, 805 127, 220 8, 000 1922_ 131, 961 4, 364, 376 56, 802 227, 208 7, 000 1923_ 148, 932 5, 177, 072 50, 528 202, 112 6, 000 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,398.81: New work __.......... _ $301, 680. 73 Maintenance __-......... 107, 758. 87 Net total expended------------------------------------- 409, 439. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------416, 663. 47 Fiscal year ending June 30 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ Expended for maintenance 1_. $11, 051. 63 $16, 486. 81 Appropriated or allotted -..... 12, 000. 00- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-____ $19, 783. 02 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 3, 927. 66 23, 710. 68 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 16, 486. 81 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_-------------------------------- 7, 223. 87 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ___- - 1, 304. 62 July 1, 1924, balance available------------- 5, 919. 25 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance----------------- 2 18, 250. 00 3. FISHING CREEK, N. C. This project was completed in 1901. No work has been done for several years, and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No expenditures were made during the year, and no funds are available for expenditure. The abandonment of this project has been recom- mended to Congress (see H. Doc. No. 1277, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 647. I o eutigrcpsfrmsls ec xlsieo vilbefns 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 526 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work___ $22, 715. 10 Maintenance__ 8, 632. 85 Net total expended_ 31, 347. 95 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 31, 347. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ........................ Expended for m aintenance ---- -- -- . --. --. -- ---.. . --- -- --. . ... .. .. . ... .. .. . .. . Appropriated or allotted 4. SOUTH RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no,balance is available, and no work is now proposed for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full descrip- tion of this project, see Annual Report for 1923, page 528. Commercial statistics.--Of the commerce for the year 7,269 tons, valued at $150,494 passed over the improved sections. The com- merce was carried by gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet, by small flats towed by gas boats, except timber which was rafted and towed, and lumber which was carried by barges and schooners drawing 7 feet. The principal items were lumber and timber. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. There were no boat lines established or abandoned during the year. The decrease was due to the more general use of automobile trucks in handling farm produce and general merchandise. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1919 --.------..----- . ..--------- 12, 770 $635, 739 8, 055 $80, 550 1, 500 1920--------- - ---------------------- - 7, 384 416, 667 5, 700 57, 000 1, 500 1921 -------- -------------------------- 9, 832 445, 385 6, 000 24, 000 1, 000 1922 ----------------------------------- 8, 896 334, 342 8,025 32,100 600 1923---------------------------------------- 6,397 316,359 6,525 26,100 400 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work---------------------------- $12, 452. 02 Maintenance----- ------- 3, 547. 98 Net total expended-- ----- 16, 000. 00 Total appropriation to date of this report -- - ------ 16, 000. 00 . RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N C., DISTRICT 527 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- ---------- ---------- Expended for maintenance $850. 00 $112. 58 $708. 55 Appropriated or allotted Exedd o aitnne--- A popitdoralttd-----I-------- $5.0 ------------- ------------------ 125 $0.5 -------------- 5. BAY RIVER, N. C. The project was completed in 1914. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed for the reason that maintenance dredging on this stream will probably not be necessary for several years. For a full de- scription of this project, see Annual Report for 1923, page 530. Commercial stattistics.-Of the, commerce for the year, 4,310 tons, valued at $61,540, passed over the improved sections. The com- merce was carried in a barge drawing 7 feet and in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet, except timber, which was towed in rafts. The principal items were oysters, oyster shells, timber, and lumber. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due to, the increased output of the oyster factory at Vandemere and on account of the greater demand for timber and lumber. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 ----------------- _--- --- ----_-- --- 5,251 $477,418 3,900 $39,000 900 1920------------------------ ------------ 4, 052 427, 929 3, 900 39, 000 900 1921 -------------------------- 2,168 168,174 3, 000 12, 000 500 1922_-- 6, 522 340, 372 2, 850 11,400 400 1923 -------------------..-- -- .. 11,239 412, 880 5,100 20, 400 300 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work--__ $22, 729. 76 * Maintenance ____ __ 4, 170. 24 Net total expended_ ------------ 26,900. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report ......--- 26, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- Expended for maintenance- _--- --- -- $97. 50 $887. 42 $15. 08 Appropriated or allotted . --- ------ ----- 6. NEUSE RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-Neuse River rises in the northerly part of North Carolina and flows in a southeasterly direction until it 528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 reaches Kinston; thence northeast to mouth of Contentnea Creek; thence southeast to a point 20 miles below New Bern; thence north- east until it flows into Pamlico Sound. Its total length is about 350 miles. This stream has a drainage area of about 5,008 square miles. At Smithfield, about 150 miles above the mouth, the minimum flow is 75 second-feet, the average about 1,000 second-feet, and the maximum 7,850 second-feet. The current is rather sluggish in the portion affected by winds, becoming more rapid above Maple Cypress, as the fall between this point and Goldsboro is 0.61 foot per mile. The width between banks at the mouth is about 5 miles, at New Bern 11/s miles, at Kinston 200 feet, and at Goldsboro 150 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 538.) Original condition.-There is considerable uncertainty as to the conditions existing prior to 1878, when improvement was begun. Before the Civil War, and probably for some time afterwards, light- draft steamers made more or less regular trips as high up as Smith- field, the head of navigation, 150 miles above the mouth, but the low-water depth probably did not exceed 2 feet, and the stream was obstructed by snags and after the Civil War by war blockades. Length of navigable portion, 150 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet. wide and 8 feet deep at dead low water below New Bern, and 200 feet wide and 8 feet deep at dead low water at New Bern; 4 feet to Kinston, and during nine months of the year 3 feet to Smithfield, to be obtained by dredging and snagging. Length of the section included in the proj- ect about 150 miles. The stream is nontidal; variations in the water surface at and below New Bern, due to prevailing winds, seldom exceed 2 feet above or below mean stage. The extreme range of flood, or freshet, stage for the upper section of the river is 17 feet at Selmna. Tide-gauge readings at New Bern covering four years show the ex- treme range of wind tides to be 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $398,000. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, as extended in 1879, provided for the portion of the river above New Bern (Annual Report for 1872, pp. 734-7141, and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 708-710) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the portion at and below New Bern (H. Doe. No. 317, 54th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1897, page 1394. Recommended modifications of project.--Under date of May 2, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress that this project be modified to the extent of providing a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide up to and in front of New Bern, at an estimated cost of $50,000 for new work and $2,000 annually for maintenance, subject to the condition that no work shall be done toward the deepening of the channel until rail connection satis- factory to the Chief of Engineers has been completed to the wharves (H. Doc. No. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities. There are 49 wharves on this stream, of which 9 are below New Bern, 28 at or near New Bern, 8 at Bridgeton, RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 529 and 4 above, New Bern. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 feet to 828 feet, the total frontage being about 4,100 feet. Of those at New Bern, 22 are private, with a frontage of 2,330 feet; 4 are owned by railroads, with a frontage of 207 feet; 1 is owned by the city, with a frontage of 60 feet; and 1 is owned by the United States, with a frontage of 210 feet. The city wharf is open to use by all, but is inadequate for commerce and is used only by small boats. Railroad wharves are open to use by all on equal terms, and vessels are usually permitted to tie up at private wharves when not in use by owners. The existing facilities are not considered adequate at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to reduce rail-and-water freight rates and to open up a more eco- nomical and convenient way to ship farm products, fertilizers, etc. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of maintenance, dredging, and snagging, using Government plant and hired labor. The U. S. dredge Croatan,working between New Bern and a point 26 miles above, removed 57,695 cubic yards of material from cuts aggregating 6,075 feet in length. This work resulted in restoring the project depth in the river between the points named. The U. S. derrick boat Contentnea,working between New Bern and a point 32 miles above, removed from the channel 14 stumps, 9 snags, 15 logs, 66 saw logs, 36 trees, and 12 cords of small snags; from the banks. 223 trees and 28 trees trimmed. This work resulted in clearing the channel between the points named. The expenditures for the year were $14,618.56, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At dead low water 8 feet could be carried to New Bern at the close of the year, 4 feet to a point 231/ miles above New Bern, thence 2.5 feet to the mouth of Contentnea Creek, 31.5 miles above New Bern; and 1 foot to Seven Springs, 75 miles above New Bern. The river above Maple Cypress is navigable only on freshet stages of 3 to 4 feet, which prevail for six or eight months during the winter season-from October to May. The chan- nel is 250 feet wide below New Bern, 200 feet wide at New Bern, and 50 feet wide above. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1924, are $369,399.45 for new work and $122,547.98 for maintenance, a total of $491,947.43. The improvement above New Bern is completed to the practical limit of the existing project. The percentage of completion of the project is uncertain, as it is imprac- ticable to obtain and maintain the depths stated by dredging and snagging. Proposed operations.-The funds available June, 30, 1924, will be used for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan Mar. 1 to Apr. 30, 1925, two months, at $5,000_-- - $10.000. 00 Operation derrick boat Contentnea, Dec. 1, 1924, to Jan. 31, 1925, two months, at $700- --- 1, 400. 00 Repairs to floating plant 1, 802. 57 Superintendence and contingencies _ 600. 00 Total _, 13, 802.57 The sum of $18,250 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance, as follows: 530 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Operation dredge Groatan, Mar. 1 to Apr. 30, 1926, two months, at $5,000__ $10, 000 Operation derrick boat Contentnea, Dec. 1, 1925, to Jan. 31, 1926, two months at $700 1, 400 Superintendence and contingencies____ 600 Proportionate part of cost of repairs to dredge Croatan........... 6, 250 $18, 250 Commercial statistics.-Of the conmerce for the year 216,972 tons, valued at $5,517,249 passed over the improved sections. The prin- cipal items were lumber, timber, fertilizer, fertilizer material and sand. One boat line was established and none abandoned during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. The decrease was principally in the item of lumber, due to burning of largest plant in New Bern, which put tlhem out of commission for seven months. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 .-.------- -----..--------------------- 116, 271 $7, 213, 683 67, 258 $672, 580 7, 000 1920 ..---------------------------- 141,627 7, 417, 302 60, 592 605, 920 8, 000 1921 ..------- - ..------------------- ------ 92, 761 4, 630, 250 32, 718 130, 872 8, 000 1922 ..------------------------- - 217, 296 6,142, 992 59, 843 239, 372 5, 000 1923 .-------- ------------------- ----- 197,199 7. 588,619 62,591 250, 364 5, 000 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,550.33: New work $369, 399. 45 ...--- Maintenance - 122, 547. 98 Net total expended 491, 947. 43 Total appropriatons to date of this report 505, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . --. - . .- - - --- Expended for maintenance 1 $9, 217. 79 $3, 284. 04 $15, 888. 58 $8, 883. 77 $14, 618. 56 Appropriated or allotted . 15, 500. 00 12, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 9, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $15, 370. 63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act appoved June 7, 1924 9, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 __ 4, 050. 50 28, 421. 13 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 1_ 4, 618. 56 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ 13, 802. 57 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 2 18, 250. 00 'Not deducting recipt saes etc. fromICICIC- 2-Exluiv ____of avilbl fuslds_- 1Not deducting r1eceipts, froom sales, etc. 2 Elxclusive of available- funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C. DISTRICT 531 7. SMITHS CREEK, N. C. The project is 92 per cent completed, but has been recommended to Congress for abandonment (see H. Does. Nos. 59, 64th Cong. 1st sess., and 1848, 65th Cong. 3d sess.) and no work is proposed for the next fiscal year. No work has been done for several years and no expenditures made. No funds are available for expenditure. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 655. Commercial statistics.The commerce for the year 1923 all passed over the improved sections. The principal items were sand, lumber, oysters, fish, and oyster shells. The commerce was carried in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except sand, which was carried in small scows towed by gas boats, and timber, which was towed in rafts. There was no change in the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due to the establishment of two oyster factories and one sawmill at Oriental during the year. Conmparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 -------------------- 18, 202 $797, 531 27, 000 $270, 000 1,500 1920--------------------------------------- 5,447 526,162 1, 800 18,000 1,500 4,848 1921--------------------------------------- 219,907 --.....---.. . .. ..- . --.. 1,000 1922 21,895 223,172 660 2,640 800 1923 -------------------------- 27, 143 430,262 5,250 21,000 500 Financialsummnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work .__ -___ $14, 471. 80 Maintenance_ 254. 24 Net total expended _- _- 14, 726. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report 14, 726. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-------------- Expended for maintenance - - +-- - - Appropriated or allotted----- ---------- - -------------- ------------ 8. SWIFT GREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Swift Creek has its source ill the swamps of Pitt County, about 5 miles south of Greenville, N. C. It flows southeasterly 43 miles and empties into Neuse River 71/2 miles above New Bern, N. C. This stream has a drainage area of about 316 square miles. The current is sluggish. The fall is very small. The average width between banks is about 150 feet. The 532 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 discharge depends on prevailing winds and is impossible to measure. The rise of water level due to floods sometimes causes considerable currents. The maximum flood height in Vanceboro is about 12 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets New Bern, Vanceboro, Ayden, and Winterville.) Original condition.-The creek was in good condition for 6 miles above its mouth, having an average width of 100 feet and least low- water depth of 10 feet. In the next 6 miles to Vanceboro the least low-water depth was 5 feet and width from 50 to 150 feet, averaging about 80 feet. This section was crooked, with three bad bends, and was badly obstructed by logs, snags, etc., and overhanging trees. Vanceboro was the head of navigation for steamers; rafting could be carried about 3 miles farther. Previous projects. None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the channel from the mouth to Vanceboro, 12 miles, of snags and overhanging and leaning trees. The rise of water level, due to prevailing winds and floods, reaches its maximum height at Vanceboro of about 12 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1909, is $1,600. The latest (1909) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 360, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this creek has ever been published. Recormmended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Term~nal facilities.-There are eight wharves on this stream, of which five are at Vanceboro. They are of timber construction, four with pile foundations and four of log bulkheads. They have a frontage varying from 6 to 86 feet, the total frontage being about 240 feet. All the wharves are private and are open to all water car- riers free of charge when not in use by owners. The existing facili- ties are considerec adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect ,of the improvement has been to open up a convenient and economical way for handling farm products, etc., by the establishment of boat lines, which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than the railroads. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year. The expenditures, .$201.03, all for maintenance, were in part payment for the construction of the new derrick boat Contentnea. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. A channel 5 feet deep at mean low water, with a minimum width of 50 feet, is available to Vanceboro, the head of navigation. The total expenditures on the existing project are $1,600 for new work and $3,300 for maintenance, a total of $4,900. Pr'oposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be used for maintenance of the project by the operation of the der- rick boat Contentnea, one month (April, 1925), at $700, and payment of superintendence, etc., $100; total, $800. RIVERS AND HARBORS- WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 533 The sum of $700 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and will be applied to maintenance of the project by operating the derrick boat Contentnea about one month. Comrmercial statistics.-The commerce for the year all passed over the improved sections in steamboats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except timber, which was rafted and towed by gas boats drawing 3 to 4 feet. The only items were fertilizer and timber. There was no change in the character of commerce due to the improvement. No boat lines used this waterway during the year. The decrease in the commerce was due to all boat lines being abandoned on account of the increased use of trucks to open points on this waterway. Conmpairative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 ------------------------------------- 2,459 359 $240, 13, 584 840 $135, 1920.--- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- 1,360 209,515 10,821 108,210 1921--------------------------------------------------- 979 67,603 12,438 49,752 1922_ ----------------------- 3, 182 112, 916 14, 028 56, 112 1923 -------------------------- --.-------------------- 2, 350 70,500 10,290 41,160 Financial sUnmanalry Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work - - -------------------- $1,600 Matintenance - -- 3,300 Net total expended - - 4. 900 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------ 5, 700 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance I $330. 51 - $240. 26 $358. 71 $201. 03 Appropriated or allotted - - $800. 00 800. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --- $1, 001. 03 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 201. 03 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_ --- -- 2 700. 00 9. CONTENTNEA CREEK, N. C. Location and description.-Contentnea Creek rises in Wilson County, N. C., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Neuse River about 32 miles above New Bern, N. C. Its length is about 144 miles. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,184 square miles. The current is rapid, the fall being about two-thirds 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of a foot per mile. The discharge is unknown. Average width be- tween banks is 100 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets Ayden. Falkland, Kinston, and Wilson.) Original condition.-This stream had a depth of about 3 feet during nine months of the year from its mouth to Stantonsburg, the head of navigation, 63 miles above the mouth, but was obstructed throughout its entire length by fallen timber, sand shoals, and over- hanging growth, and was navigable for shallow-draft craft only during the higher freshet stages of about three to six months of the year. Previous projects.-None,. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the stream of ob- structions so as to obtain from its mouth to Stantonsburg a depth of not less than 3 feet during the higher stages about nine months of the year. The section under improvement is from the. mouth to Stantonsburg, 63 miles. The stream is subject to freshets, rising 11 feet above low water at Snow Hill and Stantonsburg', 32 and 63 miles above the mouth, respectively. Boating stages are, generally avail- able from January to June and intermittently during the remainder of the year. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1887, is $77,500. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Doc. No. 85, 46th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1881, p. 1010). The latest published map is on page 1014 of the Annual Report for 1887. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf on this stream. Freight is handled from convenient landing places where the bank is sufi- ciently high for the purpose. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to dispose of farm products and to receive fertilizer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year. The expenditures, $159.83, all for maintenance, were in part payment for the construction of the new derrick boat Contentnea. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1896. A somewhat obstructed channel 3 to 4 feet deep exists in freshet stages, which prevail from six to eight months during the winter season, from October to May, from the mouth to Fools Bridge, 42 miles above. Above that point the stream is in poor con- dition. The total expenditures on the existing project are $64,394.56 for new work and $26,405.44 for maintenance, a total of $90,800. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be used for the maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation derrick boat Contentnea, two months, at $700______________ $1, 400 Superintendence and contingencies ___ 100 ---- Total _____________- ---------- 1, 500 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT' 535 The sum of $1,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and will be applied to maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation derrick boat Contentnea, two months, at $700______________ $1, 400 Superintendence and contingencies _________________________________ 100 Total 1, 500 Comnmercial statistics.-The commerce for the year all passed over the improved sections. The fertilizer was carried by a steamboat drawing 4 feet and the timber was rafted and towed by gas boats drawing 3 feet. There was no change in the character of the com- merce due to the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919_ - 2,312 $129,1051 192Q __ 235 11,750 1, 000 $10,000 1921----- -- -- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- 60 2, 160 1922_ 1, 120 39,200 1923_ 220 6,600I 900 3,600 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,019.15: New work ___ $64, 394. 56 Maintenance__ 26, 405. 44 Net total expended 90, 800. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 92, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1 . $1, 452. 45 $1, 501. 66 $1, 085. 38 $159. 83 Appropriated or alloted $1, 500. 00 1, 600. 00 1, 000. CO0 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------------------------- $659. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 __ , 000. 00 1----------------------------- 1, 659. 83 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 159. 83 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ___----__-- 1, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance---------- ------------------ 21, 500. 00 1 NoTt deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 536 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 10. TRENT RIVER, N. C. Location and description.-The stream is formed by the junction of Beaver Dam and Tuckahoe Creeks, in Jones County, N. C. It flows for 80 miles (about 40 miles in an air line) in an easterly direc- tion through Jones and Craven Counties, and at New Bern empties into the Neuse River, being its principal tributary. This stream has a drainage area of about 657 square miles. The current is sluggish. The discharge of the stream depends on prevailing winds and is im- possible to measure. The fall is very slight. The width between banks varies from 80 to 3,000 feet. Near the mouth the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing winds. At Trenton the stream is subject to freshets of from 5 to 15 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets, New Bern and Trent River.) Originalcondition.-A fair 6-foot channel was available to Polloks- ville, 18 miles above the mouth, and the stream was fairly clear to Lower Quaker Bridge, 24 miles above the mouth. Above this point it was so badly obstructed that it was only navigable for small flat boats during the high freshets. Lower Quaker Bridge was the prac- tical head of navigation, though logging and rafting could be carried on as far as Trenton, 38 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stream was u'n- dertaken under authority conferred by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1879. It was modified in 1885, 1887, 1889, and 1896. The amount expended on all the above projects was $70,905.40 for new work and $27,104.99 for maintenance, making a total of $98,010.39. For further details of previous projects see page 1803 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at dead low water at New Bern, a channel of 6 feet depth at dead low water over Foys Flats, and a channel 50 feet wide and 4 feet deep at low water to Trenton. The length of section included in the project is 38 miles. Near the mouth the water level varies about 2 feet under normal conditions, according to prevailing winds. Observations, cov- ering a period of four years, show that the extreme range of wind tides is 8.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $39,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. At Trenton the stream is subject to freshets of from 5 to 15 feet. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the work at New Bern (H. Doc. No. 121, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; Joint Resolution No. 22, approved March 4, 1907, covered the section at Foys Flats; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the work in the upper section of the river (H. Doc. No. 1471, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest printed map, see page 1318 of the Annual Report for 1895. Recommended nodifications of project.-Under date of May 2, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modi- flied to the extent of providing a channel at New Bern 12 feet deep at mean low water. (See H. Doc. 299, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 537 Term'inal facilities.-There are 51 wharves on'the portion of this stream under improvement, of which 31 are at or opposite New Bern, 5 are at or near Polloksville, and 3 are at Trenton. They are all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 21/2 feet to 739 feet, the total frontage being about 7.600 feet. All the wharves are private. The railroad wharf at New Bern is open to all on equal terms; the remaining wharves are generally open to all water carriers free of charge. The existing facilities are considered adequate except at New Bern. (For a full description of terminal facilies see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.- The improvement has provided facilities for boat lines which as a rule carry freight at a less rate than the rail- roads and affords a convenient and economical way for the handling of farm products, etc. It also affords transportation facilities to the town of Trenton, which has no other outlet except by wagon. Operations and results during fiscal ?/ear.-No field work was done during the year. The expenditures, $928.62, all for mainte- nance, were in part payment for the construction of the new der- rick boat Contentnea. (Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in September, 1914. In June, 1924, a channel 81/2 feet deep at mean low water existed over Foys Flats to Polloksville and a depth of 3/2 feet to Trenton. The total expenditures on the existing project are $39.411.48 for new work and $17,055.12 for maintenance, a total of $56,466.60. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30. 1924, will be used for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation of the dredge Croatan one month, at $5,000_ $5, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies----- 175. 06 Total___ -------- _____ 5, 175.06 The sum of $2,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation derrick boat Contentnea three months, at $700--- $2, 100 Superintendence and contingencies___------- 400 Total _ _ _ _ _ 2. 500 (omnercial statistics.The commerce for the year all passed over the improved sections. The principal items were timber, fer- tilizer, and cement. General merchandise and farm products were carried in gas boats drawing 3 to 4 feet; cement was carried in barges drawing 7 feet, lumber and sand carried on flats drawing 3 to 4 feet, fertilizer on steamboats and gasoline boats drawing 3 to 4 feet. One boat line was established and one abandoned during the year. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the irn- provement. The decrease was due to the removal of several small lumber mills from points on the river to New Bern and to the aban- donment of an old established steamboat line. A large part of the commerce that formerly went by boat now goes by trucks. 538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement General commerce Timber rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 903 $1, 409, 588 10, 950 $109, 500 300 1920 .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . 10, 788 1,168, 534 37, 608 376, 080 300 192 1 . -.. -. . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 556 603, 522 59,322 237,288 300 1922 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2,150 381, 348 34, 839 139, 356 200 1923- . . - - 4, 456 147, 170 34, 112 136, 448 200 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,492.65: New work __ $110, 316. SS Maintenance ___ 44, 160. 11 Net total expended _____-- -_ 154, 476. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report 159, 652. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1 $531. 04 $1, 716. 55 $1, 289. 13 $794. 91 $928. 62 Appropriated or allotted 1,000. 00 2, 500. 00 4, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ $2, 103. 68 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924- - -- 4, 000. 00 6, 103. 6S June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance-___ __- -_928.62 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------- 5, 175. 06 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance--------- 2, 500. 00 BEAUFORT AND MOREHEAD CITY HARBORS, BEAUFORT INLET, WATERWAY CONNECTING CORE SOUND AND BEAUFORT HARBOR, CHANNEL CONNECTING THOROUGHFARE BAY AND CEDAR BAY, AND INLAND WATERWAY BEAUFORT TO JACKSONVILLE, N. C. (GROUP A) 11. CHANNEL CONNECTING THOROUGHFARE BAY AND CEDAR BAY. N. C. (Al) Location and description.- Thoroughfare Bay is on the north side of Core Sound, about 6 miles west of the end of the peninsula at the junction of Core and Pamlico Sounds. It lies about 30 miles by the boat route through Core Sound easterly from Beaufort, N. C. A channel about 11/2 miles in length connects Thoroughfare Bay with Cedar Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic chart No. 146.) 1 Not-t deucing re~ceipts from sales.. etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 539 Original condition.-Four feet of water existed throughout the channel except at the eastern and western ends and a few shoals between. The width of the channel is about 200 feet. Previous projects.None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep and 50 feet wide on bottom to connect Thoroughfare Bay and Cedar Bay. The length of this channel is about 11/2 miles. There is no lunar tide in the channel or waterway, variations in the level of the water sur- face being due entirely to the action of the wind. Ordinary storms will cause a variation of 1 foot above or below the mean stage, while severe storms may cause a variation of as much as 3 feet. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $9,000. The latest (1914) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $300. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1125, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recoimmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on the waterway, and, as it is only a part of a through waterway, none are deemed neces- sary. Effect of improvement. As a result of this improvement, trans- portation by water to and from the eastern portion of Core Sound has been rendered easier and better. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1921. A channel 50 feet wide, with a limiting depth of 5 feet at mean low water, exists between the two bays. The expenditures on the existing project are $12,000 for new work. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is pro- posed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance of the project, by the operation of the dredge Croatan, one month, at $5,000. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year 1923 all passed over the improved sections in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. The principal items were oysters, oyster shells, and groceries. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. There was no boat line established during the year. No line was abandoned. The decrease in tonnage was due to the decreased shipments of oysters and oyster shells. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 _ -------------------- 4, 015 $90,505 ----. 1922 -- 6, 741 $81,425 1920 ...---------------------- 3, 636 94,707 ------------ 1923 _ - ----- 4, 571 153,550 1921 .... 3, 972 39, 650 540 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work----------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Maintenance ------------------------------- - - Total appropriations to date of this report_--- 12, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 .. Ex p e n d e d fo r n ew w o rk _ _ _ _. _ _. _. __.. ... . . . . . $11, 9 9 9 . 7 6 Expended for maintenance..... ----. . .. ----------------- ..---- --------------.---.------- Appropriated or allotted ---------.............. 3, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 5, 000. 00 $------------------ 12. HARBOR AT BEAUFORT, N. C. (A2) Location and description.-This harbor is located just inside Beaufort Inlet. Cape Fear is about 93 miles to the southeast. Cape Lookout is 8 miles east, and Norfolk, Va., ,is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. The harbor is formed behind barrier beach opposite Beaufort Inlet. The general dimensions are 11/2 miles by 11/2 miles. '(See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The,erosion at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points caused serious deterioration of the inside channels and threat- ening deterioration of the bar channel. The governing low-water depth is said to have been 15 feet on the bar and 2 feet at Beau- fort, N. C. Previous projects.--The first improvement of the harbor was un- dertaken under authority of act of Congress of July 4, 1836, and $5,000 was expended, all for new work. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the stopping of erosion at the inlet by jetties and sand fences at Fort Macon and Shackleford Points and other shore protection; for a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from deep water inside the inlet to Beaufort, and for a channel 60 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Beaufort to, the Pamlico Sound-Beaufort Inlet Waterway by way of Gallants Channel, and the excavation of a turning basin in front of Beaufort. The distance from the inlet to the upper end of Gallants Channel is about 5 miles. The average rise of tide is 21/2 feet at Beaufort and 31/2 feet at the: inlet. As shown by observations made in 1907, the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of 'cost, for new work, revised in 1921, exclu- sive of amount expended under previous projects, is $216,576. The latest (1919) approved estimate, for annual cost of maintenance is $7,100. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the erection of jetties and the securing of a 9-foot channel (Annual Report for 1881, p. 1013), as amended in 1890 (Annual Report for 1890, p. 1134),to provide for a 7-foot channel to Beaufort; the river and har- bor act of March 2, 1907, authorized repairs to existing jetties at RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT' 541 Fort Macon Point and additional jetties and shore protection; the act of. June 25, 1910, provided for the 10-foot channel to the inland waterway and the turning basin at Beaufort (H. Doc. No. 511, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for an enlargement of the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 1108, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-men- tioned document. Recommended modification of project. Under date of June 4, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended in a letter to the chair- man, Committee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representatives, that this project be modified by providing a stone bulkhead extend- ing from Town Marsh across Bird Shoal to the westerly end of Carrot Island, at an estimated cost of $9,500. Local cooperation.- None. Terminal facilities.-There are 46 wharves contiguous to this har- bor, all of timber construction, with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 3 to 200 feet, the total frontage being about 1,200 feet. One at Beaufort is a city wharf, consisting of a slip at the foot of a street 48 feet wide; one at Pivers Island and one at Fort Macon are owned by the United States. The remaining wharves are privately owned. The, city wharf is open to use by all without charge; the Govermnent wharves are not generally open to public use; the private wharves are generally open to use by all water carriers when not in use by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce, except at Beau- fort. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has beeu, to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Beaufort, which made possible a regular line of boats between Norfolk, Va., and Beaifort, N. C., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rtes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work for the year consisted of maintenance dredging and repairs to jetties at Shackleford Point and the Training Wall at Bulkhead Shoal, and the construction of a small section of experimental bulkhead on Bird Shoal. The U. S. dredge Croatan removed 17,897 cubic yards of material from cuts aggregating 1,150 feet in length from Gallants Channel, 5,246 cubic yards from a cut 550 feet long in front of the town of Beaufort; and 5,920 cubic yards from cuts aggregating 575 feet long from Bulkhead Channel. Repairs to jetties and training wall were made by placing stone at the following locations: 628.55 tons of stone in the training wall; 178.1 tons at Shackleford Point and 39.5 tons in the experi- mental bulkhead on Bird Shoal. The total expenditures for the year were $250.00, for new work, $11,097.32 for maintenance, a total of $11,347.32. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 95 per cent completed. The only work remaining to complete it is to deepen the turning basin to 10 feet. The turning basin is about 70 per cent completed. The limiting depth in the Bulkhead Channel is 6 542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 feet; in Gallants Channel, 81/2 feet; and in the channel in front of Beaufort, 81/2 feet, all at mean low water. The total expenditures on the existing project are $192,991.56 for new work and $117.321.50 for maintenance, a total of $310,313.06. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be expended, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan, four months, at $5,000 ___ $20, 000. 00 Construction of new concrete bulkhead at New Bern Yard 2, 562. 94 Total- ___ _-__ -- __-_ 22, 562. ,94 The sum of $16,250 can be profitably expentded during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan, two months, at $5,000 $10, 000 Proportionate part of cost of repairs to dredge Croatan-------------. 6, 250 Total_ _____ -__ -- _ 16, 250 Commercial statistics.-Of the commerce for the year 50,552 tons valued at $2,932,300 passed over the improved sections. Fer- tilizer fish were carried in gas boats drawing 5 to 8 feet, lumber, coal. wood, and fish scrap on flats; timber was rafted; fertilizer material was carried in barges drawing 7 to 9 feet; the remainder of the commerce was carried in gas and sail boats drawing 3 to 6 feet. The, principal items were lumber, fish, groceries, oysters, and potatoes. One boat line was established during the year, none aban- doned. There was not any change in the character of the com- merce as a result of the improvement. The increase was due to the low freight rate given by the boat lines operating between Nor- folk and Beaufort Harbor. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Cargoes in Cargoes in transit transit Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919- 67, 976 $5, 004, 210 2, 961 $29, 610 35,000 $387, 000 10, 000 1920_ 62, 750 4, 814, 186 4, 860 48, 600 42,000 615, 000 12, 000 1921 30, 593 973, 951 6, 768 27, 072 45, 246 1,398, 546 12, 000 1922 27, 700 1,180, 017 6,045 24,180 69,766 2, 094, 976 12, 000 1923------------ 35, 765 2, 142, 132 59, 568 3, 050, 374 12, 000 Financial summnnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,511.74: New work -________$197. 991.56 Maintenance ------- _____-------------------- 117, 321. 50 Net total expended__ 315, 313. 06 Total appropriations to of this report__ ldate 337. 876. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 543 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 .. - - - $15, 900. 00 $1, 123. 80 $250. 00 Expended for maintenance 1 .. . $1, 276. 94 7, 578. 02 $3, 381. 83 13, 031. 22 11, 097. 32 Total expended 1_ . - -.... 1, 276. 94 23, 478. 02 3, 381. 83 14, 155. 02 11, 347. 32 Appropriated or allotted___________________________ 24, 000. 00 16, 500. 00 7, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $26, 410. 26 A.,mount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ________________________________ 7, 500. 00 33, 910. 26 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_-- $250. 00 For maintenance -..- -11, 097. 32 11, 347. 32 ------------------------------ July 1, 1924, balance unexpended__ 22, 562. 94 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance 250. 00 2 16,---------------------------- 13. WATERWAY CONNECTING CORE SOUND AND BEAUFORT HARBOR. N. C. (A3) Location and description.-Thisis a tidal waterway 23/4 miles long which connects the waters of Beaufort Harbor in front of the town of Beaufort with the waters of Core Sound by an improved channel by way of Taylors Creek. New Bern, N. C., is 43 miles northwest of Beaufort; Southport, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, is 120 miles to the southwest, and Norfolk is 200 miles north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 420.) Original condition.-The depth along the route of this waterway was originally not over 1 foot at mean low water, a considerable portion being bare at that stage. Small boats made use of it at high tide. Previous projects.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 546, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), provided for a channel with available depth at mean low water, Beaufort datum, of 5 feet and a bottom width of 40 feet. Amount expended under this project: For new work, $20,000; for mainte- nance, $12,853.81: a total of $32,853.81. In addition $10,000 con- tributed by local interests was spent on new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide. The average rise and fall of tide at Beaufort is about 2.5 feet. The extreme range of tide at the Beau- fort end is 4.8 feet, while at the Core Sound end it is probably 4 feet. The length of the section included in the project between 7-foot con- tours is 23/4 miles. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 10710---ENG 1924 35 544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERlS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1921, is $30,000, and $4,000 for annual maintenance. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 88, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recomnmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 546, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), required local interests to contribute $10,000 toward the work. This condition was complied with June 29, 1914. Termninal facilities.-There are five wharves along this waterway, all of timber construction with pile foundations. They have a front- age varying from 16 to 60 feet, the total frontage being about 200 feet. All are privately owned, but are generally open to use by the public when not required by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a shorter and less exposed route for the commerce between Core Sound and Beaufort and points west. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of the year consisted of completing the new project by dredging. The U. S. dredge Croatan removed 179,637 cubic yards of material from a cut 15,450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 7 to 8 feet deep at mean low water. The expenditures, all for improvement, were $27,655.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in December, 1923. At the end of the fiscal year the full project depth, 7 feet at mean low water, was available throughout the entire water- way but there was some decrease in the project width of 75 feet at the eastern end. The expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1924, are $27,655.04, all for new work. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be used for maintenance of the project, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan one month, at $5000 $5, 000. 00 Construction of new concrete bulkhead at New Bern yard 2, 591. 15 Total _----------------------------------------7, 591. 15 The sum of $7,100 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance, as follows: Operation dredge Croatan, one month__----------------------------- $5, 000. 00 Proportionate part of cost of repairs to dredge Croatan-_-______ 2,100. 00 Total ----------------------------------- 7, 100. 00 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year all passed over the improved section and was carried in gas and sail boats and flats drawing from 3 to 5 feet, except timber, which was rafted. The principal items were, fish, timber, and potatoes. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase was due to the lumber mill on this waterway running full time and handling more timber, and to the larger catch of fertilizer fish handled by the factories on this waterway. RIVERS AND ARBEORS--WILMIINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 545 General commerce Timber, rafted aid sowed Calendar year Passenger" Tons Value Tons Value 1919 31,332 $2, 361,461 .......--------------------------------- 2, 700 $27, 2 000 5, 000 1920-...--------------------------------- 29,404 2, 787, 002 5, 250 5 ,500 10, 000 1921 -------------------------------- 20, 162 1, 213, 610 3,456 13, 824 10, 000 1922 .... .. .......--------------------------------- 20,026 1,200,711 3, 462 13,848 009 10, 1923 ...........--------------------------------- 23,161 1,555, 674 6, 413 24, 652 10, 000 Financia a suemn ary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,202.24: New work-----------------------------------------------$47, 55. 04 Maintenance----------------------------------------12, 853. 81 Net total expended_------------------------------- _ 0,508. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 63, 100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1 1923 1924 -____ . Expended for new work 2 - _ ..- ......... . .__ -_ - $27, 655. 04 Expended for maintenance 2..... $18. 16 $3, 202. 24 $2, 500, 00 $753. 81 1-------------- Appropriated or allotted ....... ..--------------------- 2, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 30, 000. 00 3, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $31, 746. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------------- _ , 00 500. 35,246. 19 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work-... 27, 655. 04 July 1, 1924, balance unexpendedi - - ---- 7,591. 15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------------------------ 7, 100. 00 14. INLAND WATERWAY, BEAUFORT TO JACKSONVILLE, N. C." (A4) Location and description.-This waterway comprises what was formerly known as " New River, N. C., including inland waterways between Beaufort Harbor and New River, and between New River and Swansboro." The easternmost portion of this waterway, that " portion formerly known as Waterway between Beaufort Harbor and New River, N. C. (i. e., portion between Beaufort and Swans- boro)," extends in a westerly direction from Beaufort to Swansboro through the waters of Bogue Sound. a shallow sheet of water some 25 I miles long and from to 3 miles wide. Beaufort is 43 miles east of New Bern, N. C., and 225 miles south of Norfolk, Va. This section is tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 147 and 148.) 1In addition $10,000 was contributed by loca3 interests and expended on this work. 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 3Exclusive of available funds. 546 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The portion between Swansboro and New River is about 22 miles long and extends in a generally southwesterly direction by tidal channels through the marshes. The third section is New River, which body of water lies wholly within Onslow County. It flows in a general southerly direction for 52 miles and empties into the Atlantic Ocean through New River Inlet, about midway between Cape Lookout and Cape Fear. This stream is partly tidal, the tide having a reach of 31 miles above the mouth, there being practically no fall in this length. It has a drain- age area of about 492 square miles. Its current is sluggish. The discharge is not known. The width from Jacksonville to the mouth varies from 100 to 10,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 442.) Orginal condition.-The improvement of this waterway began in 1886. At that time the portion between Beaufort and Swansboro had a governing low-water depth of 18 inches; the portion between Swansboro and New River had tortuous tidal channels winding through the marine marsh between the mainland on one side and the barrier beach on the other, the governing low-water depth being 6 inches; the governing low-water depth for New River was 4 feet to Jacksonville, and the channel was narrow and circuitous, especially around Wrights Island and Cedar Bush marsh. Tar Landing, 8 miles 'above Jacksonville, was the practical head of navigation, though rafting and logging could be carried on for some distance above this point. Previous projects.-The river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, and July 3, 1838, appropriated $50,000 in all for the improvement of New River, and additional improvement was sub- sequently authorized by the river and harbor :acts of August 2, 1882, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910. The river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, authorized the improvement of the portion between New River and Swansboro, and the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, authorized the improvement of the portion between Swansboro and Beaufort Harbor. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1917 was $198,706.92 for new work and $52,728.48 for maintenance, a total of $251,435.40. For further de- tails of previous projects see page 1803 of Annual Report for 1915; and page 585 (for New River), page 587 (for waterway between New River and Swansboro), and page 589 (for waterway between Beaufort Harbor and New River; that is, portion between Beaufort and Swansboro), Annual Report for 1917, which have since been consolidated and rendered previous projects for inland waterways, Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 3 feet deep at mean low water between Beaufort and Swansboro; thence 40 feet wide and 3 to 4 feet deep at mean high water to Craig Point; thence 40 feet wide and 3 feet deep at mean low water, via Salliers Bay, Howards Bay, and New River, to Jacksonville, a total length of about 70 miles. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $15,202, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,600. The tidal range varies from 31/2 feet at the inlets to 1 foot at points between. The tidal range for New River varies from 31/2 RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON. N. C., DISTRICT 547 feet at New River Inlet to 1 foot at the head of the marshes and nothing at Tar Landing, 31 miles above. At the Beaufort end of this waterway the extreme range of tide is 4.8 feet. At the various inlets between Beaufort Inlet and New River Inlet the extreme range of tides is probably from 31/2 feet to 4 feet. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1775, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of piroject.-None. Local cooperation.--The local interests at Jacksonville, N. C., ex- pended about $300 in 1910 in dredging a cut-off immediately below the town. ,Terminal facilities.-There are 87 wharves along this waterway, of which 12 are at or near Jacksonville and 23 are at or near Swans- boro. They are all of timber construction, with pile foundations. They have a frontage varying from 1 to 132 feet, the total frontage being about 2,000 feet. One at Jacksonville and one at Swansboro are owned by the respective towns, two at Canl Glenn by the State, and one at Bogue Inlet by the United States. The town wharves are open to use by all without charge, and the remaining wharves are generally open to public use when not required by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) AEffect of imrprovemer t.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow the regular passage of deeper draft boats, thereby causing a reduction in water freight rates to a large territory without rvail- road facilities. Operations and resuldts iduuing fiscal yea).No field work was done during the year. The expenditures, $39.13, all for maintenance, were in payment of office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.The project is 96 per cent coinm- pleted. To complete the project it will be: necessary to remove about 57,800 cubic yards of material from the cut via Howards and Sal- liers Bays. The project depth of 3 feet at mean low water is avail- able between Beaufort, Harbor and Swansboro. Between Swansboro and New River at a point near Browns Inlet, only 1 foot is available at high water. No work has been done on the cut via Howards and Salliers Bays, but a tortuous channel having a depth of about 21/2 feet at mean low water is. available, via New River Inlet, and the western channel to Jacksonville. The total expenditures on the ex- isting project are $40,062.90 for maintenance. Proposedoperations.-Of the funds unexpended June 30, 1924, the sum of $5.000 will be expended on maintenance dredging by the operation of the dredge Croatan, one month, at $5,000 prior to June 30, 1925. The sum of $23,150 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, which together with the remaining balance $7,722.83 will be applied to completion of the project, and to main- tenance as follows: Operation dredge Croatan, 5 months, at $5,000_ $27, 500. 00 Proportionate part of cost of repairs to dredge Croatan...... 3, 372. 83 Total _____________ 30, 872. 83 548 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, T-. S. ARMY, 1924 Commercial statistics.-TLh commerce for the year all passed over the improved section in gas and 'sail boats drawing 3 to 5 feet, except lumber which was. carried in barges and flats and timber which was rafted. The principal items were timber, lumber, and fish. There was no change in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No, boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The amount of the commerce is practically the same as for the previous year. Comparative statement General commerce Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 .................................. 36, 476 $1,641, 112 35,400 $354, 000 15, 000 1920................................... 43, 795 1, 416, 540 26, 265 262, 650 15,000 1921 43,079 1,103,706 13,557 54,228 15, 000 1922----------------------------------I 1923 .. .... ... ..... 47, 964 1,124, 007 36, 703 142,812 15, 000 1923 ---- ... . .. . . . . 38,522 1,138, 010 44,109 176,436 14,000 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16,909.79: New work-------------------------------- $198, 706. 92 Maintenance ---- 92, 791. 38 Net total expended- 291, 498. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report__ _ 304, 221. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work- - - - - - - - - - - -- - Expended for maintenance $2, 021. 81 $11, 910. 43 $6, 055. 59 $17, 971. 17 $39. 13 Appropriated or allotted--- 000 000 I020, 00. 1,17 7(------ 10, 187. 17 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- I -- $12, 761. 96 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year. for maite- nance__---------- ----- --------------------------- 39,.13 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended________ .__ 12, 722. 83 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-__ 2 7, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work__ - - 2 7, 500. 00 For maintenance - - - - - _ 15, 650. 00 Total 2 23,150. 00 15. HARBOR AT MOREHEAD CITY N. C. (A.) Location and description. This harbor is situated on the northern shore of Bogue Sound. New Bern, N. C., the nearest city of impor- tance, is about 43 miles by inland wvaterway to the northwest. Nor- 1 Not d educting reeipt, from l safe, etc. Excxlusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 549 folk, Va., to the north, is about 225 miles by ocean route and 200 miles by inland waterways. The harbor is formed behind an island or marsh. Its general dimensions are about 1000 feet by 4,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 420.) Original condition.--There was a shallow channel, nearly dry at low water, on which the wharves of the city were built, which con- nected with deep water in Bogue Sound. Boats drawing over 1 foot or 11/z feet could not navigate the channel at low tide. Previois projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, Beaufort datum, beginning at a point 2,000 feet westward of Beaufort Harbor and extending up to the wharves at Morehead City, for a distance of 3,800 feet. the lower 2,800 feet hav- ing a width of 100 feet and the upper 1,000 feet a width of 200 feet. The average rise of tide is about 2.5 feet. One year's observations show that the extreme range of tides is 4.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $19,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. This project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 649, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest map see House DIocument No. 1022, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Reconmmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The project for improvement, as adopted by Congress, provided that local interests should construct a bulkhead 500 feet in length in front of Morehead City, and cause to be con- veyed to the United States the right to deposit between said bulk- head and the shore the material excavated from the channel: and provided further that local interests or the town of Morehead City should provide at least one wharf of adequate facilities, the use of which to be open to all on equal terms. These conditions have been complied with. Approximately one-half mile of concrete sheet-pile bulkhead was built at a cost of about $30,000, and the conveyance of the right to deposit excavated material therein was accepted by the Chief of Engineers on June 19, 1912. The town of Morehead City executed an agreement (approved by the Secretary of Way January 19, 1911), to establish and maintain in perpetuity a public wharf with adequate shipping facilities and to permit all.water craft to use the said wharf on equal terms for reasonable rates of compensation. In accordance with this agreement a wharf, costing approximately $1,200, was built and is being maintained. About $5,000 has been expended by local interests in dredging to extend the improved channel. Terminal facilities.-There are 27 wharves contiguous to this har- bor, all of timber construction with pile foundation. They have a frontage varying from 5 to 65 feet, the total frontage being about 500 feet. One is a city wharf, a pile structure at the foot of a street with a frontage of 50 feet. It is open to use by all without charge. The remaining wharves are all privately owned, but are generally open to use by all water carriers without charge when not in use by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 550 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to allow boats of deeper draft to reach the wharves at Morehead City, which made possible a regular line of boats between Morehead City, N. C., and Norfolk, Va., and caused a reduction of rail and water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. The limiting depth available is 10 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures on the existing project to June 30, 1924, are $20,291.58 for new work and $13,608.42 for maintenance, a total of $33,900. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be applied to maintenance of the project by operating the dredge Croatanone month at $5,000. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance in the operation of the dredge Croatan one month at $5,000. Commercial statistics. The commerce for the year all passed over the improved section in gas and sail boats drawing from 3 to 7 feet. The principal items were fish, oysters, escallops, potatoes, and tim- ber. There were no changes in the character of the commerce as a result of the improvement. One boat line' was established and none abandoned during the year. The increase was due to the large oyster business done by the oyster cannery. Comparative statement General merchandise Timber, rafted and towed Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919_ 12, 073 $1, 267, 360 - 10, 000 1920_ - 12, 921 1, 347, 294 600 $6, 000 12, 000 1921_ 11, 367 1,180, 934 3, 000 12, 000 12, 000 1922_ - - 10, 348 1,048,698 1,560 6, 240 12, 000 1923 _ _ 15,872 1, 404, 432 2, 415 9, 660 10, 000: Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1: _ New work--------------------------__ 291. 58 $------------------- Maintenance -- ----- 3, 608. 42 1----------------------------- Net total expended-------------------------------- 33, 900. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 38, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -------- ------------------ --------------- -- ---- Expended for maintenance 1_.. $330. 44 $297. 63 $3, 500. 64 $1, 399. 58 Appropriated or allotted._____...._ .. . . . . $5, 00.00.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-- ILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 551 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _ _ _ _ __ _ __ $5, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -_ __ 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_ - - -- _ 1 5, 000. 00 16. BEAUFORT INLET, N. C. (A6) Location and description.- Beaufort Inlet connects Beaufort Har- bor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 3 miles from the town of Beaufort. It is about 11/3 miles wide. Cape Fear is about 93 miles to the southwest; Norfolk, Va., is about 225 miles by ocean route to the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 420.) Original condition.-There was a minimum depth on the bar of about 12 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water, Beaufort datum, across the bar, to be obtained by dredging. The length of this channel is 11,500 feet. The average rise of tide is 2.5- feet at Beaufort and 3.5 feet at the inlet. From automatic tide gauge readings of over three years, the extreme range of tides is 7.9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1903, is $45,000. The latest (1903) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H." Doc. No. 563, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest map see House Document No. 1454, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this improvement, and none are needed. Effect of im provement.-The improvement has had a favorable effect on rail and water freight rates and provides an outlet to the ocean for the Inland Waterway from Norfolk to Beaufort Inlet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year. The expenditures, $4.58, all for maintenance, were in payment for outstanding liabilities from the previous year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. Shoaling has occurred in the dredged channel across the bar and the location of the best water has shifted. At the close of the year a depth of 15 feet at mean low water is the maximum available. The total expenditures on the existing project are $44,484.24 for new work and $79,328.59 for maintenance, a total of $123,812.83. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the next fiscal year. The sum of $20,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for restoring the bar channel to project dimensions in the operation of a borrowed seagoing dredge about two months at $10,000 per month. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the year all passed over the improved section. Dynamite, gun powder, fertilizer ma- terial, lumber, brick, and coal were carried in barges drawing from 1Exclusive of available funds. 10710---ENG 1924---36 552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 7 to 9 feet; fish, machinery, wood, hay, and grain were carried in gas boats drawing from 4 to 8 feet. The principal items were fish, fertilizer material, and lumber. There was no change in the char- acter of the commerce as a result of the improvement. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease was due to the falling off in barge traffic through this inlet. Comparative statement General commerce General commerce Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919__________---____ _. 51, 179 $619, 625 1922 --------------------- _ 45, 911 $896, 998 1920-___-___________-___ -37,436 772, 060 1923.--------------------- 35,751 1, 613, 010 1921....--------------------- 37,545 392,378 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: _ New work--------------- ------- $44, 484. 24 Maintenance ----------. 79, 328. 59 Net total expended - ---------- 123, 812. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------- _ 123, 812. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - -.- - - -------- Expended for maintenance .....I. . - .......... .- $5. 42 $4. 58 Appropriated or allotted.--------------------------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ $4. 58 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 4. 58 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------- ------------- 20, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $23,624.77: New work------------------------------------ ---- $521, 129. 34 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 315, 903. 70 Net total expended---------- ---- 837, 033. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 884, 909. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1.923 1924 Expended for new work 1 .___.________ 899. $27, 76 ..-- ... $1, 123. 80 $27, 905. 04 Expended for maintenance1 _- -_ $3, 647. 35 22, 988. 32 $15, 438. 06 33, 161. 20 11, 141. 03 Total expended 1--.......-- 3,647. 35 50, 888. 08 15, 438. 06 34, 285. 00 39, 046. 07 Appropriated or allotted........ - ........... 32, 500. 00 46, 500. 00 30, 000. 00 16, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS YVILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 553 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $70, 922.99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924. - 16, 000. 00 86, 922. 99 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--------------------------------- 27. 905.04 For maintenance----------------------- 11, 141. 03 39, 046. 07 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended._ 47, 876. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work ---- ------ -------- ----- 17, 500. 00 For maintenance --- 169, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------- 1 76, 5. 00 17. HARBOR OF REFUGE. CAPE LOOKOUT, N. C. Location and desciiption.- Cape Lookout is the middle of the three prominent capes on the coast of North Carolina. Cape Hat- teras is about 74 miles to the northeast and Cape Fear about 95 miles to the southwest. Wilmington, iN. C., is 125 miles distant by water in a southwesterly direction, and Norfolk, Va., is 225 miles northerly. The harbor, which is 19I/ by 13/4 miles, is formed by a natural indentation of the shore line and by a breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 147.) Original condition,.A triangular-shaped area of beach projected into the ocean in a southerly direction for about 3 miles and formed the cape. This area was connected with the general line of the coast by a narrow neck of land on the eastern side of the triangle, and the body of water extending belhind the western point of the triangle formed the harbor of Lookout Bight. into which vessels drawing 1.5 feet could enter at mean low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing projectl This provides for a harbor of refuge inclosing by means of a rubble-stone breakwater 7,050 feet long an area, of 575 acres, of 30 feet or more in depth at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 3.7 feet. Automatic tide-gauge readings of over three years show 7.9 feet as the, extreme range of tides. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912. is $3,526,600. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. 528. 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 25. Fifty-fifth .Congress, second session. Recomrnmended modiications o project.-None. Local coo peration.-None. Terinal facilities.-There are two wharves in this harbor of timber construc t ion with pile foundations. They have a frontage of about 6 feet each. One is owned by the United States and the other by a small fish factory. They are generally open to use by small boats without charge. The existing facilities are considered ade- quate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see HI. Doc. No. 65 ,. 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1 Exclusive of availabe fundcs. 554 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S., ARfMY, 1924 Effect of improvmen .nt.--TReharbor is open during the entire year. Although the improvement is not yet completed a total of 126 vessels used the harbor as a place of refuge during the calendar year 1923, as follows: Steamers------------------- 54 Destroyers_------------------ 3 Schooners ------------------- 4 Fishing smacks 7---------------7 Tugs ___---------------------1___ 7 Brigs---------------------- 2 Barges -------------------- 28 Yachts ----------- 11 Total__________ ______ 126 Operations and results during fiscal year.--The work for the year consisted of maintenance of sand fences, wind observations, surveys, and superintendence. The existing sand fences were maintained and sea oats and grass planted to assist in retaining the sand. The ex- penditures for the year were $2,521.17, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is now 53 per cent completed. The breakwater is now showing above low water from the original shore line to a point 4,800 feet beyond, with the mattress stone deposited 200 feet in advance of this. The original shore line has moved more than 1,500 feet seaward on the south side of the breakwater, and the wall for its entire length is from 3 to 6 feet lower than originally built. The total length of the breakwater, exclusive of the shore connection, when completed according to the project, will be 7,000 feet. The controlling depth at the harbor entrance is 42 feet. The total expenditures on the existing project are $1,363,- 798.72 for new work and $27,345.56 for maintenance, a total of $1,391,144.28. Proposed operations.-Of the funds unexpended June 30, 1924, the sum of $2,000 will be used for maintenance of sand fences, superin- tendence, etc. No additional funds are recommended for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as the present funds are considered sufficient to cover the cost of maintenance work during the year. mmercial statistics.-This harbor was used only as a harbor of Con refuge, hence no commercial statistics are given. For the number of vessels using the harbor as a harbor of refuge, see the list of vessels given under paragraph Effect of inprovemnent, above. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $45: New work_____ -- $1, 363, 798. 72 Ma 'ntenance ___ 27, 345. 56 Net total expended------------------ 1, 391, 144. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -97 2077 2363 $,3176-2,5.1 Expended for maintenance $4,992. 97 $3,290.77 $6,3.637617 Appropriated or allotted - - - ... - .- -- - - - - 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 555 July 1. 1923, balance unexpended-_ $11, 376. 89 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance _ __ _ _ 2_, 521. 17 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- 8, 855. 72 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities _____ 408. 67 July 1, 1924, balance available 8, 447. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion - of existing project__ 2. 162, 000. 00 NORTHEAST, BLACK, AND CAPE FEAR RIVERS, N. C. (GROUP B) 18. CAPE F'EAR RIVER, N. C., AT AND BELOW WILMINGTON (B1) Location and descipt ion.- Cape Fear River is formled by the coin- fluence at Haywood, N. C., in Chatham County, of the Deep and H~aw Rivers. It flows in a southeasterly direction and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Fear, near the southern extremity of the State. Its total: length is about 400 miles. The improvement of the river is divided into, two, parts--the section above Wilmington and the section at and below Wilmington. The stream is partly tidal, the tide ihaving a reach of 70 miles. It has a drainage area of about 350 square miles. This does not include, the drainage area, of Cape Fear River above Wilmington, 7,167 square miles, or of Northeast River, 1,600 square miles. The: average discharge at ebb tide is about 160,000 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 424 and 425.) Original condition.-The river had three.bar entrances, with least depth as follows: About 9 feet at the Baldhead Channel, 9 feet at the Rip Channel, and 10 feet at New Inlet Channel, these bars being, respectively, 9, 6, and 2 miles below the point which was then the head of the river delta. From the head of this delta up to Wil- mington, a.distance, of 21 miles, there were several shoals, with a least depth of 71/2 feet at low water. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this stretch of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. Additional improvements were subsequently au- thorized by river and harbor acts of July 22, 1854; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1873; June 23, 1874; September 19, 1890; June 13, 1902; and March 2, 1907. The amount expended on these projects was $4,625,614.67 for new work and $602,614.25 for maintenance, making a total of $5,228,228.92. For further details of previous projects,, see page 1804 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. The existing project provides for a channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhead Point in a southwesterly direction and for the maintenance of the existing channel during construction; thence 26 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the river up to Wilmington, with an anchorage basin at Wilming- ton 2,000 feet long, 900 feet wide at the upper end and 1,100 feet at the lower end, with approaches 1,500 feet long at both ends. The plane of reference is mean low water. The length of the section of the improvement under this appropriation is about 30 miles, the Exclusive of available funds. 556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 upper limit being at Hilton Bridge (Atlantic Coast Line and Sea- board Air Line Railroads) on Northeast Cape Fear River, 13/4 miles above its mouth. The average rise of the tide is 4.5 feet at the ocean bar, 3.5 feet at Keg Island, and 2.5 feet at Wilmington. The extreme range of tides is about 6.7 feet at the ocean bar, 15.7 feet at Orton Cove, and 4.1 feet at Wilmington. The estimate cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $992,940, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1922) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance of the existing channel during construction of the new channel is $105,000. Subsequent mainte- nance is placed at $30,000 as the minimum. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the work above the bar (H. Doc. No. 287, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a,depth of 30 feet across the bar (H. Doe. No. 746, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, modified the project to the extent of providing a new channel across the bar 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from Baldhe'ad Point in a south- westerly direction (H. Doc. No. 94, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). No work has been done on the 30-foot channel provided for by the act of March 2, 1919, and the act of September 22, 1922, eliminates this modification. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2018, and the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of p'rojects.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 73 wharves of all classes at Wil- mington. The city owns seven constructed of timber, at street front- ages, and these are generally in poor condition. They are open to all free of charge. Their total frontage is 350 feet. The Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. has three wharves; one with a frontage of 628 feet (including slip), with a.total floor area of 62,314 square feet; one with 1,106 feet frontage (including slip), ,and one with a front- age of 961 feet (including slip). They have a total frontage on the river of approximately 1,850 feet, and about 1,150 feet of improved wharves and slips. Their warehouses are equipped with modern mechanical appliances for transferring cargoes from vessels. At the northern end of the city the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. has wharves 'as follows: One with 980 feet frontage, one with 133 feet frontage. For a distance of 806 feet farther south their frontage includes a slipn 62 feet wide, conta,ning one general freight wharf with 144 feet frontage, one coal dock with 60. feet frontage, and one oil dock having 175 feet frontage. These wharves are equipped with modern cargo-handling devices. Still' farther south there is a wharf with 237 feet frontage and two warehouses leased to wholesale mer- chants. The Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co. has; a frontage of 436 feet, is in first-class condition, and is equipped with a " Hunt " elevator for unloading fertilizer, and with warehouses provided with distributing tracks. The Springer Coal Co. and the Champion Com- press Co. have wharves well equipped with transfer facilities. The Clyde Line Steamship Co. has a wharf of 175 feet frontage, with a large warehouse. There are several old wharves belonging tol com- panies dealing in naval stores, but the only terminal suitable for RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 557 transferring cargoes from ocean steamers ,are those belonging to the railroads, the Champion Compress Co., the Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co., and the Clyde Line Steamship Co. The use of the railroad wharves is limited practically to water carriers transacting business with the railroads; terms of use being the same to all such carriers (rules approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission). The Wilmington Compress & Warehouse Co. is the only actual wharfinger in Wilmington. The rates of this company for wharfage, handling and storing merchandise are fixed and equal to all, but are controlled solely by thel company. The War Department (Engineer Office) has a wharf with 302 feet frontage, ,and the Treasury Department (Coast Guard Service) one with 336 feet frontage. It is believed that the terminals at Wilmington are adequate at the present time for the commerce through this port. Below Wilmington the wharves number 27, of which 2 are at Fort Caswell and 12 are at Southport. They are all of timber construc- tion, with pile supports and plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 10 to 226 feet. One wharf, belonging to a fertilizer factory, is equipped with an elevator and two, derricks operated by an engine. Two of the wharves in the vicinity of Southport are owned and used by the variolus departments of the Government. They are in fair condition. The remainder, all privately owned wharves, are in poor condition, but the more important ones are still serviceable. All wharves below Wilmington, except those at Fort Caswell, are free to water carriers when not needed by the owners. (For a further description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th 'Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels coming to Wilmington 'are much larger than formerly, the average tonnage in 1886 being 421, while in 1923 the average was 2,436. The increase in tonnage has caused a corresponding decrease in water freight rates but no decrease in rail rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The work con- sisted of dredging on the ocean bar and river channels with the sea- going dredge Comstock and the pipe line dredge Henry Bacon, and repairs to coping on Swash Defense Dam. There were 896,907 cubic yards of material removed from the ocean bar and 805,712 cubic yards from the river channels. As a result of the year's work Swash Defense Dam was put in good condition and the ocean bar and river channels were maintained. The expenditures for the year were $320,217.04, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project, as modi- fied, is about 51 per cent completed. A channel of uniform depth of 26 feet at mean low water has been dredged, with a width of 160 to 400 feet wide on the ocean bar and 300 feet wide in the river channels to Wilmington. The anchorage basin at Wilmington has been dredged to 26 feet. Dams have been built across the mouth of the river known as New Inlet, and across the beaches from the river to the ocean between Smiths and Zekes Islands; these dams being known as New Inlet Dam, completed in 1881, and Swash Defense Dam, completed in 1888, respectively. Both dams 558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARPMY, 1924 are in good condition. There is at present a mean low water channel 26 feet deep, from 160 to 400 feet wide on the ocean bar, and a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide in the river to Wilmington, excepting at a few points where the least central depth is 25 feet for short distances. The channel over the bar is rather crooked and deteriorates rapidly. No work has yet been done on thei modification of the project adopted by the, act of September 22, 1922. The expenditures, exclusive of the amount expended under previous projects, have been $502,658.14 for new work and $1,857,354.27 for maintenance, a total of $2,360,012.41. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1924, to the maintenance and improvement of the ocean bar and river channels, as follows: Improvement, new ocean bar channels: Operating a shallow-draft seagoing dredge simni- lar to dredge Absecon, 6 months. at $9,000_ $54, 000. 90 Operating seagoing dredge Comstoc!k, 4 months, at $10,000__ _------ 40, 000. 00 Operating a large seagoing dredge similar to dredge Atlantic, 3 months, at $18,000 ------. 54. 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies___ 7. 000. 00 $155, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities, June 30, 1924 14, 923. 36 Iaintenance, old ocean bar and river channels: Operating dredge Comstock on old ocean bar chan- nel, 6 months, at $10,000 $60, 000. 00 Operating dredge Henry Bacon on river channels, 6 months, at $13,000 - 7. 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies 8, 629. 23 -146, 629. 23 Total__ 316, 552. 59 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year inding June 30, 1926. $338,000, will be applied to the improvement of the new ocean bar channel and maintenance of the river channels, as follows: Improving new ocean bar channel: Operating dredge Comstock, 12 months, at $10,000_... $120, 000 Operating a large dredge similar to dredge Atlantic, five months at $18,000 90, 000 Superintendence and contingencies 19, 000 $229, 000 Maintenance, river channels: Operating dredge Henry Bacon, 7 months at $13,000___ 91, 000 Superintendence and contingencies__ 18, 000 109, 000 Total................. _..............._ 338, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 858,375 tons, valued at $67,421,720, all of which passed over the improved section. The foreign commerce amounted to $239,956 tons, valued at $21,804,052, and consisted of cotton, fertilizer materials, cement, salt and molasses; being carried by steamers draw- ing from 15 to 26 feet. The increase in tonnage was due to increase in shipments of fertilizer materials. The coastwise commerce amounted to 313,384 tons, valued at $28,009,815, consisting of cotton, RIVERS AND HARBORS-- ILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT' 559 general merchandise and fertilizer material, and was carried by steamers drawing from 12 to 26 feet, schooners and gasoline boats drawing from 3 to 12 feet, and barges drawing from 5 to 15 feet. The commerce was about the same as previous year, with small in- crease in tonnage and value. The internal commerce amounted to 33,851 tons, valued at $1,987,582, and consisted of general merchan- dise, farm products, lumber, timber, fish, etc. The commerce was handled by steamers, gasoline boats, and flats' drawing from 2 to 6 feet. The Wilmington Harbor commerce amounted to 206,073 tons, valued at $6,649,546, and consisted of cotton, farm products, fer- tilizer, lumber, timber, etc. The decrease in value was due to fall- ing off in prices of commodities; the tonnage remained about the same as previous year. The commerce was handled by steamers drawing about 18 feet and steamboats, gasoline boats, and flats draw- ing from 2 to 5 feet. Of the total amount, 858,375 tons, valued at $67,421,720, 65,111 tons, valued at $8,970,725, remained on ships in passing in and out of the harbor (cargoes in transit). Comparcative statement Floated timber, cargoes in transit. Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value 1919------- _-- ----- 502, 753 $71, 863,465. 00 (1) 2 56, 807 $7, 659, 462.00 1920_ 564, 981 50, 469, 903. 70 15, 246 3 40, 198 5, 791, 240. 00 1921_-- 441, 471 37, 951,252. 00 20, 189 486, 782 6, 931, 310. 00 1922_ .- 667, 540 57, 251, 120. 00 18, 722 5111,231 8, 145, 946. 00 1923 _ - - - - 736, 354 57, 995, 715. 00 11, 632 6122, 021 9, 426. 005. 00 1 No statistics available. 2Includes 27,680 tons of freight in transit valued at $7,426,446. 8Includes 22,498 tons of freight in transit valued at $5,649,640. 4 Includes 63,812 tons of freight in transit valued at $6,770,520. 6 Includes 63,910 tons of freight in transit valued at $7,772,150. 6 Includes 65,111 tons of freight in transit valued at $8,970,725. Financial summar'ly Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $154,885.94: New work ---- ------------------ $5, 128, 272.81 Maintenance------------- ------------------------------ 2, 459, 908. 52 Net total expended------------------------------------ 7, 588, 241. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report-__ 7, 904, 793. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---- $15, 000. 00_ Expended for maintenance 1 265, 428. 55 $249, 207. 28 $192, 582. 44 $269, 366. 54 $320, 217. 04 Total expended 1-......... 280, 428. 55 249. 207. 28 192, 582. 44 269, 366. 54 320, 217. 04 Appropriated or allotted . 00 000.00 100, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 430, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 560 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $205, 863. 1c Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923___ 130, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924--------------------------------------------- 300, 00. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 -_ 906. 53 636, 769. 63 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1------------------------------------------ 320, 217. 04 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------- 316, 552. 59 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilitie _ --------- 14, 923. 36 July 1, 1924, balance available---------------------------------301, 629. 23 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------- 2 265, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work___------------------------------- 2 229. 000. 00 For maintenance_ 2 109, 000. 00 Total----------------------------------------------- 338, 000. 00 19. CAPE FEAR RIVER ABOVE WILMINGTON, T.C. (B2) Location and description.-For description of river see preceding report on Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington. This is partly a tidal stream. Length of tidal reach above Wilmington is about 39 miles. Above Smileys Falls, about 27 miles above Fayette- ville, the slope is very great, having a fall of 27 feet in 31/2 miles. Below Smileys Falls the slope is gentle, averaging less than 3 inches per mile, but from there to about 45 miles below Fayetteville the banks are high and the stream narrow, causing a very great freshet rise, amounting occasionally to 55 or 60 feet at Fayetteville. Loow- water stages prevail about three months of the year. The current is fairly rapid on the upper section and sluggish on the lower section. The discharge at Fayetteville is about 200 second-feet in extreme droughts up to 350,000 second-feet in high freshets. Original condition.-The river was navigable during about nine months of the year as far as Fayetteville. During low-water season, however, numerous shoals over the upper 66 miles of the river be- tween Wilmington and Fayetteville gave a depth of only 12 to 14 inches. In addition the upper 75 miles was badly obstructed by sunken logs, overhanging trees, snags, etc. The remainder of the river was generally navigable the year round by vessels drawing about 3 feet of water, but even this section contained many snags and logs. Previous projects.-The first improvement of this section of the river was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, author- ized the first slack-water project. The amount expended previous to adoption of the existing project in 1910 is $149,119.19 for new work and $8,177.67 for maintenance, a total of $157,296.86. For further details of previous projects see page 1805 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 ot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-W ILMINGTO"i . C., DISTRICT 561 Existing project.-The existing project provides for a navigable depth of 8 feet at low water from Wilmington to the head of navi- gation at Fayetteville. 115 miles above, by the construction of two locks and dams, and by the dredging of river shoals between Wil- mington and Fayetteville. The two locks are as follows: Distance Maximum Location from Wilming- Distancevailable above dimen- ift ton sions Miles Miles Feet Feet Lock and Dam No. 1 . ... Kings Bluff ___... 39 69 200 by 40 8 Lock and Dam No. 2 __ _Browns Landing - 71 101 200 by 40 12 Avail- able Char- Percent- dept on acterof Kind Tye o constrofuct ageof Estimated sils atter founda- dam Type of construction comple- cost lowat sills tion tion water Feet Lock and Dam No. 1L_ 9 Sand -- Fixed Lock concrete, timber 100 $467, 179. 57 L crib; dam rock filled. Lock and Dam No. 2._ 9 ___do.......do- . Concrete lock dam rock 100 547, 628. 12 filled. The tide ranges from 21/2 feet at Wilmington to 1 foot at Lock No. 1, Kings Bluff, N. C., 39 miles above. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at Wilmington and 1.5 feet at Kings Bluff. The maximum variation due to floods ranges from 70 feet at Fayette- ville to 3 feet at Wilmington. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,131,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 890, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 1130 of the Annual Report for 1896. Recommended miodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None'. Terminal facilities.-There are nine wharves between Wilmington and Fayetteville. They are generally of timber construction, with pile foundations and plank decking, but a few consist of stone or log bulkheads, supporting earth fills. They have a frontage varying from 29 to 255 feet, the total frontage being about 700 feet. The height of the landing above water varies from 2 to 8 feet. Two of the wharves are equipped with 36-inch gauge track. One fertilizer wharf is equipped with two Hunt elevators of 350-ton capacity, and one with an electric crane of 1,000-ton capacity per 24 hours. Ex- cept for the wharves of the fertilizer works at Navassa, the wharves and warehouses are generally in poor condition. Two fertilizer wharves are strictly private. The remainder are open to all water carriers free of charge when not needed by the owners. A public wharf provided with storage facilities, equipped with mechanical devices for handling freight and having track connec- tion with the railroad, is needed at Fayetteville. Otherwise water 562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 terminals appear to be adequate for existing and prospective com- merce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further de- scription of terminal facilities.) Effect of improveme~nt.-The, effect of the improvement has been to permit boats drawing 5 feet to go 71 miles above Wilmington at all times, while formerly they could go only 39 miles, and to permit boats drawing 4 feet to go to Fayetteville, 115 miles above Wilming- ton, while formerly boats drawing only 2 feet could go there at all times. There has been no effect on rail and water freight rates. Operations and -results during fiscal year.-The work of the year consisted of snagging operations for maintenance, the construction of a new derrickboat, and starting the construction of a new snag boat. The U. S. snag boat. Gen. H.G. Wright and the U. S. derrick boat Black removed from the channel 292 snags, 254 logs, 102 stumps, 195 trees, and 2 cords of brush, from the banks 310 trees and 16 cords of small brush. A steel hull for the new derrick boat Northeast was completed. A contract was entered into for the construction of a new snag boat at a cost of $75,930. The, expenditures for the year were: $25,269.93 all for maintenaance. Condition at end of f! cal year.-The project is about 95 per cent completed. To complete the project the channel in the 12 miles below Fayetteville, and at a few other points, will have to be dredged to the project low-water depth of 8 feet. Locks Nos. 1 and 2 are com- pleted. The controlling low-water depths are 7 feet from Wilming- ton to Kings Bluff, Lock No. 1: 5 feet to Browns Landing, Lock No. 2; and 21/2 feet to Fayetteville. The total expenditures on the exist- ing project to June 30, 1924, are $1,099,081.71 for new work, $99,- 731.34 for maintenance, a total of $1,198,813.05. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1924, to maintenance, as follows: Outstanding liabilities, June 30, 1924__ - ____ $2, 632. 13 Proportionate cost of new steel hull snag boat, including inspection_ 49, 914. 95 Operating snag boat General H., G. Wriqht, 4 months at $1,250----- 5, 000. 00 Operating new snag boat, 4 months at $1,250 --- _ 5, 000. 00 Cost of house on new derrick boat Northeast 200. 00 Superintendence and contingencies - 3, 575. 24 Total -------------------------------------------- 6, 322. 32 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($9,500), will be applied as follows: Operating new snag boat, 8 months at $1,250 $7, 500 Superintendence and contingencies 2, 000 Total _ 9, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 11.9,010 tons, valued at $3,734,079, all of which passed over the improved section of the river. Fertilizer material to the amount of 58,703 tons, valued at $2,044,605, was carried by steamers drawing about 18 feet. The remainder of the commerce was carried by small steamboats drawing from 3 to 4 feet, and by lighters towed by gasoline boats. The cut lumber was carried on lighters and most of the round timber was rafted. The principal items of commerce were poultry, eggs, groceries, grain, cotton, lumber, timber, fertilizer, RIVERS AND HARBORS ILMINGTON. N. C., DISTRICT 563 and fertilizer material. No new boat lines were established during the year. One steamboat line was abandoned during the year. The increase in tonnage was due to increase in shipments of lumber, timber, and fertilizer material. The decrease in value was due to falling off in shipments of the higher price commodities, such as groceries, dry goods, etc. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber, etc. Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1919------ - - ..-- -- -- - 37, 275 $2,180,815.00 (1) 30,020 $240, 160.00 1920 34, 189 2, 606, 826. 00 3,000 5, 772 46, 176. 00 1921 48, 021 3, 016, 379. 00 1, 600 13, 594 95, 158. 00 1922 64, 542 3, 844, 709. 00 1,529 29, 688 207, 816. 00 1923 _ _82, 554 3, 442,431.00 683 36, 456 291, 648.00 1No statistics available. About 20,000 employees carried by company's boats to Navassa, 4 miles above Wilmington. Finacialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $48,162.27: New work__ $1, 248, 200. 90 Maintenance ........-- 107, 909. 01 Net total expended 1, 356, 109. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report-_ 1, 422, 432. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 .....- , $53, 559. 49 $15,381. 83 Expended for maintenance 1.... 7, 000.00 8, 000. 00 $2, 507. 52 $3, 381. 73 $25, 269.93 Total expended 1 60, 559. 49 23, 381. 83 2, 507. 52 3, 381.73 25,269.93 Appropriated or allotted_____ 15,000.00 12,000.00 40,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ $51, 592. 25 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 _ __ 30, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 10, 000. 00 91, 592. 25 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 25, 269. 93 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 66, 322. 32 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities $2, 632. 13 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 49, 914. 95 52, 547. 08 July 1, 1924, balance available ..-- . --- __ 13, 775. 24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-__ ---------- 2 32, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance--------------------- 29, 500. 00 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 20. NORTHEAST (CAPE FEAR) RIVER, N. C. (B3) Location and desciption.---Northeast River rises in the northern part of Duplin County and flows 130 miles in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Cape Fear River at Wilmington, 30 miles above its mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,600 square miles. It is partly tidal. The length of tidal reach, mouth to a short distance above Bannermans Bridge, about 50 miles. The discharge of this stream is not known. The current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The average width between banks is about 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart 150.) Originalcondition.-A draft of 6 feet could be carried up 48 miles to Bannermans Bridge at lowest stage. From Bannermans Bridge, 55 miles up to Kornegays Bridge, the river was so shallow that its navigation was dependent upon freshet stages. Freshets were liable to occur at any time, but during the summer months low stages usu- ally prevailed. Above Bannermans Bridge it was badly obstructed by snags and overhanging trees. Hallsville, 88 miles from the mouth, was and is the head of steamboat navigation, and Kornegays Bridge was and is the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased at entrances and on curves, from Hilton railway bridge to a point 2%/ miles above the mouth of the river, and for clearing the natural channel for small steamers thence to Hallsville and for pole boats to Kornegays Bridge. Total length of section, 103 miles. The tide ranges from about 21/2 feet at the mouth of this stream but decreases to nothing a short distance above Ban- nermans Bridge. The upper portion is subject to freshets of from 8 to 12 feet. The extreme range of lunar tides is 4.1 feet at mouth, 2.5 feet at Castle Hayne, and 2 feet at Smiths Bridge. The maxi- mum variation due to floods is 3 feet at mouth, 8 feet at Kor- negays Bridge, and 13 feet at Bannermans Bridge. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1919, is $80,750. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for clearing the natural channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 35, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and An- nual Report for 1890, p. 1181) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the 22-foot channel (H. Doec. No. 1356, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map of the whole stream is in House Document No. 35, Fifty-first Congress, first session, and the latest map of the lower 23/4 miles is in House Document No. 1356, Sixty-second Con- gress, third session. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation..-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that local or other interests contribute one-half the cost of the work, viz, $25,375. Local interests have not yet contributed these funds. Terminal facilities.-The wharves on the portion of the river under improvement by the United States number 21, of which 5 are just above Hilton Bridge, 6 at or near Castle Hayne, 1 at Rocky Point Ferry, 4 near~Bannermans Bridge, and 2 near Smiths Bridge. The wharves are of timber construction, generally with pile supports RIVERS AND HARBORS WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 565 and plank decking. They have a frontage varying from 5.5 to 327 feet, the total frontage being about 1,400 feet. The height of decking above water varies from 3 to 10 feet. Seven wharves are provided with warehouse. Three wharves are equipped with tracks for han- dling lumber, heavy machinery, and crushed rock. Three fertilizer wharves are equipped with Hunt elevators of 400-ton capacity. They are generally in good or fair condition. All the wharves are open to water carriers free of charge when not used by the owners. The water terminals are considered adequate. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., for a further description of terminal facilities.) Effect of improement.-The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle farm products, fertilizers, etc., and has been one cause of large lumber mills being established on the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of the year consisted of snagging operations for maintenance with Government plant. The U. S. derrick boat Black removed from the channel 99' snags, 29 stumps, 107 logs, and 58 trees; from the banks, 18 trees and 3 cords of brush. The derrick boat also removed from Long Creek, a tributary of Northeast River, 36 snags, 24 trees, 51 logs, and 10 stumps from the channel and 95 trees, 17 cords of small brush, and 69 stumps from the banks. The total expenditures for the year were $3,679.18, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The clearing of the natural chan- nel was completed in 1896. The entire project is about 16 per cent completed. The river is in fair condition to Chinquepin Bridge, 79 miles above the mouth. Six feet can be carried to Bannermans Bridge and 3 feet to Croonms Bridge during all stages. Above Crooms Bridge the river is navigable only when the river is up. No work has been done on the 22-foot channel. The total expendi- tures on the existing project to June 30, 1924, are $10,687.96 for new work and $40.276.60 for maintenance, a total of $50,964.56. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 1924, for maintenance of the project as follows: Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1924____ $42. 50 Proportionate cost of new steel-hull snag boat, including inspection _ 7, 400. 00 House for new derrick boat Northeast _ 500. 00 Operating derrick boat Northeast four months, at $700 2, 800. 00 Operating new snag boat one month------------------------------ 1, 250. 00 Superintendence and contingencies__ 742. 94 Total__ ________ 12, 735. 44 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($4,000), will be applied as follows: Operating new snag boat one month--------------------------------- $1,250 Operating derrick boat Northeast three months, at $700 100 2--------------, Superintendence and contingencies--------------------------50 _ Total------------------------------------------------------ 4, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 87,063 tons, valued at $2,905,467, all of which passed over the improved section. Fertilizer material to the amount of 70,983 tons, valued at $2,484,405, was carried by steamers drawing 566 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 about 18 feet, and lighters drawing from 5 to 10 feet. The remainder of the commerce was carried by steamboats and gasoline boats draw- ing from 3 to 5 feet, and by lighters towed by gasoline boats. The principal items of commerce were grain, groceries, fertilizer, fer- tilizer material, cotton, timber, and lumber. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The decrease in tonnage and value was due to falling off in shipments of fertilizer material. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value 1919------------------------------------ 53,127 $2,151,213 (1) 14, 502 $120,016.00 1920 -....................... 39, 619 1,837,113 1,000 8,478 67, 824.00 . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . 1921 -..-... 35, 820 1,609, 912 2 750 9, 62 67,494. 00 1922 --------------- - - 105, 916 4,437, 667 2600 8,141 81,410. 00 1923 ----------------------------------- 75,462 2,812,659 2300 11,601 92,808.00 1 No statistics available. 2About 18,000 employees transported by companies' boats. No freight in transit to be accounted for. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $243.83: New work __$10, 687. 96 Maintenance_ _- . -. ........- 40, 276. 60 Net total expended- - 50, 964. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report 63, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work............. Expended for maintenance 1 $1, 220. 50 $1,686. 99 $1, 37417 $3,679. 18 Appropriated or allotted 3, 000. 00- $3,000.00 3, 000 00 8, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unlxpended_-_ $7, 914. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 , 000. 00 5---- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924- 3, 500. 00 16, 414. 62 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 3, 679. 18 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ____________________________ 12, 735. 44 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities___ 097, '442.50 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 7, 400. 00 7, 442. 50 July 1, 1924, balance available _ ----------- __ 5, 292. 94 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------- 2 50, 750. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance--------------------------- 2 4, 000. 00 SNot' deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT' 567 21. BLACK RIVER, N. C. (B4) Location and description.--Black River rises in Sampson County, flows 175 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into Cape Fear River 14 miles above Wilmington and 44 miles above the mouth. This stream has a drainage area of about 1,547 square miles. It is tidal for some distance above Point Caswell, 24 miles above the mouth. The discharge is not known. The. current is rather sluggish, being about 2 miles per hour. The fall is about 2 inches per mile. The average width between banks is about 150 feet. Original condition.--There was a natural channel cleared fairly to Point Caswell and roughly to Lisbon, with governing low-water depths of 21/2 feet to Point Caswell and 11/2 feet to Lisbon. Clear Run, 66 miles from the mouth, was the head of steamboat naviga- tion, and Lisbon, 8 miles above, was the head of navigation for rafting. Previous project.-None. E isting project.-This provides for clearing the natural channel and banks to Clear Run, 66 miles, and cutting off sharp bends. The tidal range is about 112 feet at the mouth and decreases to nothing 30 miles above. The low-water stages prevail usually from May until August, inclusive; during the rest of the year the stage is about 5 to 8 feet higher, but the periods of high and low -water are by no means the same every year. The extreme range of lunar tide is 2.3 feet at the mouth and 1.2 feet, at Point Caswell. The maxi- mum variation due to floods or freshets is 5 feet at the mouth, 15 feet at Point Caswell, and 19 feet at Clear Run. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1893, is $13,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (Annual Report for 1885, pp. 1145-1154, as amended by Annual Report for 1893, p. 1407). No map of this stream has ever been published. Recommended imodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. T'erminal facilities.-No wharves exist on this river. Boats use natural landings, or prepare landings by smoothing out the rough- ness and irregularities of the banks. No terminals are deemed neces- sary. Effect of improvement.--The effect of the improvement has been to open up a more convenient and economical way to handle ferti- lizer, general merchandise, and farm products, and has been one cause of lumber mills being established along the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.No field work was done during the year. The expenditures were as follows: Outstand- ing liabilities June 30, 1923, $619.59; proportionate cost of steel hull for new derrick boat Northeast, $1,500; part payment on steel hull for new snagboat, $1,185.33, and for repairs to derrick boat Black, $51.97, making a total of $3,356.89, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1895. Since that time the expenditures have been for maintenance 568 REPORT OF CHIEF OF -ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 only. The river is in fair condition up to Corbitts Bridge, 58 miles above the mouth. The governing low-water depths are 5 feet to Point Caswell. 21/2 feet to Hawes Narrows, 32 miles above the mouth, and 11/2 feet to Clear Run, the head of navigation, and 66 miles above the mouth. The expenditures on the existing project have been $12,358.40 for new work, and $28,941.60 for maintenance, a total of $41,300. Proposed op]erations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended June 30, 19294 to maintenance, as follows: Proportionate cost of new steel-hull snag boat, including inspection $5, 214. 67 Operating derrick boat Northeast four months, at $700-____ 2, 800. 00 New house on derrick boat Northeast 00. 00 5------------------------- Superintendence and contingencies ---------------------- 1, 485. 33 --------------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 'Total The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($3.000). will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operating derrick boat Northeast four months, at $700 ___ $2, 800 Superintendence and contingencies ---------------------- 200 Total - _-__----------- -----_ 3,000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 9,735 tons, valued at $468,119, all of which passed over the improved section. Timber to the amount of 4,782 tons, valued at $38,252, was rafted. The remainder of the commerce was carried by steamboats, gasoline boats, and lighters drawing from 2 to 4 feet. The principal items of commerce were poultry, eggs, grain, groceries, peanuts, timber, lumber, and general merchandise. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the year. The increase in tonnage was due principally to the increase in shipments of lumber, timber, and grain. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Year Passen- gers Tons Value Tons Value 1919 --- ------------ _ -.- . ... ... ..- .---. 7, 369 $400, 619 1 (1) 4,645 $37,160 1920 --------------------------------------------- 1,935 245, 250 250 1,200 9, 600 1921------ ------------ _ ------------ --- 2,539 279,232 450 2,416 16,912 1922_ ------------------------------------------ 3, 180 417, 405 375 3, 450 24, 150 1923-_ ------------- - - - -- - 4, 953 429,867 500 4, 782 38,252 1No statistics available. There was no freight in transit to be accounted for. Financial sumimary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales. etc., amounting to $1,155.84: New work ---- ----------------------------- $12, 358. 40 Maintenance ------------------------ 28 941. 60 Net total expended__ 41, 300. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report.... 51, 300. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT ;59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---------.----..- ----- - .------ --------- Expended for maintenance i - _ _ $947. 30 $731. 90 $3, 356.89 Appropriated or allotted - - -- ' 2, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 7, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___________________________ $5, 85. 89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------_--_ -5, OO. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924__ 2, 500. 00 13, 356. 89 .June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 3, 356. 89 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------ 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.--_ 5, 214. 67 July 1, 1924, balance available_... _-_ 4, 785.33 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_______________________ 3, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL YMMARY SU FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $204,447.88: New work - - - -- $6, 399, 520. 07 M aintenance- -- - --- - - -- - -- -- -- -- -- 2, 637, 095. 73 Net total expended ___ 9, 036, 615. 80 rotl a nnrnnriati - ppVLJu 1VJvnLII p I ai ~ ns fto rate f ViLil tfhis ra pr ort , 442 226 , 15 J_ _ .-------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $68, 559. 49 $15, 381. 83 Expended for maintenance 273. 649. 05 258, 894. 27 $196, 037. 26 $274, 854. 34 $352, 523. 04 Total expended 1 342, 208. 54 274, 276. 10 196, 037. 26 274, 854. 34 352, 523. 04 Appropriated or allotted-......- 657, 000. 00 1. 3, 000. 00 270, 000. 00 . 217, 000. 00 486, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___ 271, 226. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 _______-- _______ 170, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924__ _ __ __ 316, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_____________ 906. 53 758, 133. 39 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance -- ___ ___- 352, 523. 04 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---- 405, 610. 35 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities $17, 597.99 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts- ------------- 62, 529. 62 a 197 61 July 1, 1924, balance available__ - - - 325,482.74 from saie~, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 'Not 1 deducting receipts frosm Not deducting saies, receipts etc. Exclcusive of available funds. 570 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work__ 1 $229, 000. 00' For maintenance -- _ 1125, 500. 00 Total ______-_ '354, 500. 00{ 22. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1 AND 2, CAPE FEAR RIVER, N. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wil- mington. (See pp. 560 to 563 of this report, where general infor- mation regarding the improvement can be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since November 1, 1916, for Lock No. 1, and March 1, 1918, for Lock No. 2. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work at Lock No. 1 consisted in the operation of the lock the entire year, making surveys below the dam, placing 131 cubic yards of clay in the fill above the dam and minor repairs to lock masters,' dwellings. Lock No. 2 was operated the entire year and surveys were made below the dam, and 460.45 tons of large, stone were placed on the dam just below the upper line of steel sheet piling where the back- ing stone had washed out. The expenditures for the year were $9,375.66. Condition at end of fiscal ?year.-The locks, together with abut- ments and dams, are in good condition. Lock gates at Lock No. 1 are in need of repairs. Surveys of the pools just below the dams at both locks show that but little erosion has taken place during the year. The lockmasters' houses are in good condition. A fairly good channel with controlling low water depth of 7 feet exists from Wilmington to Lock No. 1, 39 miles above; 5 feet to Lock No. 2, 72 miles above; and 21/2 feet to Fayetteville. The amount expended on operating and care to June 30, 1924, is $68,844.91. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-For commercial statistics for the Cape Fear River above Wilmington, N. C., see page 562. 23. SHALLOTTE RIVER, N. C. The project of improvement for this stream has been completed. No expenditures were made during the year and no funds: are avail- able for expenditure. No work is proposed for the next fiscal year, as no work of maintenance is deemed to be necessary before June 30, 1925. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 686.) Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 amounted to 7,907 tons, valued at $401,886, all of which passed over the improved section. All commerce was handled by gasoline boats 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, N. C., DISTRICT 571 :and schooners drawing from 3 to 4 feet. The round timber was rafted. No boat lines were established or abandoned during the ,year. The increase in tonnage and value was due to the lumber :market improving and increased receipts of high price commodities. Comparative statement Vessel traffic Floated timber Year Tons Value Tons Value 1919-...... ........------------------------------------------ 6, 320 $601, 616 3, 600 $28, 800 1920 ---------------------------------------- 4, 020 532, 769 1921 --------------------------------------------- 3,930 404, 365 500 3,500 ... 1922--- --- --- -- --- --- .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. -- 4,112 335,530 1,500 10,500 1923 5, 482 382, 486 2, 425 19, 400 No passengers. Financialsumcmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.50: New work __- - -- $11, 407. 83 Maintenance - 2, 537. 17 Net total expended 13, 945. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report- - 13, 945. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1923 1924 Expended for new work---______. Expended for maintenance..... - -- Appropriated or allotted--------- EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 Report dated December 30, 1922, on preliminary examination of Wanchese Harbor, Roanoke Island, N. C., required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress December 19, 1923, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, and the act of March 14, 1924, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Intracoastal Waterway from. Beaufort, N. C., to the Cape Fear River. 2. Cape Fear River, above Wilmington, N. C., with a vieo to the eonstnretion of a lock and dam about 15 miles below Fayetteville. 572 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMX, 1924 3. Cape Fear River, beo 2 Vloilctono.N. C., and between Wil- mington and Nevassa. 4. Mil C/'t and Clubfoot Creek, N'orth Harlowe, Craven County, N. C. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHARLESTON. S. C., DISTRICT This district includes the watersheds of all rivers flowing into the ocean on the coast of South Carolina northeast of Port Royal Sound. It embraces the central portion of North Carolina and all of South Carolina except Beaufort, Broad. and Savannah River basins. District engineer: Col. Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, to June 11, 1924, and Maj.. D. I. Sultan. Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, to June, 1924. IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation] Page Page 1. Winyah Bay, S. C. (Al) . 572 6. Operating and care of lock 2. Waccamaw River, N. C. and and dam across Congaree S. C. (A2) --------------- 576 River, S. C-------------- 587 3. Great Peedee River, S. C. 7. Waterway between Charles- (A3) -------------------- 578 ton and Winyah Bay, S. C_ 588 4. Santee River and Estherville- 8. Harbor at Charleston, S. C. Minim Creek Canal, S. C. (Cl) 591 (B11) ------ 581 9. Ashley River, S. C. (C2)___ 595 5. Congaree River, S. C. (B2)__ 584 10. Wappoo Cut, S. C ------ 598 WINYAH BAY, WACCAMAW AND GREAT PEEDEE RIVERS, S. C. (GROUP A) 1. WINYAH BAY, S. C. (Al) Location and description.- Winyah Bay lies on the coast of South Carolina, 50 miles northeast of Charleston Harbor and 90 miles southwest of the entrance to Cape Fear River, N. C. It is formed by the united mouths of the Great and Little Peedee, Sampit and Waccamaw Rivers, and almost closed from the sea by North Island. Its length is 14 miles; its width is generally about 11/2 miles, though at one place it attains a width of 4 miles. Its area is about 25 square miles, much of which is very shallow. The city of George- town is located on the Sampit River, near the head of the bay, 15 miles in a northerly direction from the entrance bar. (See, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 428.) Original condition.-This bay was a long, narrow, and generally shallow estuary, connected with the sea by a passage 21/2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide at the gorge. Through this passage were two principal channels, the better of which had from 7 to 10 feet depth over the bar at low tide. There was a 12-foot channel from the bar to the mouth of the Sampit River, 14 miles distant, when the Sampit River Bar again reduced available depth to 9 feet. Due to cross currents and to sediment brought down by the several rivers en tering this estuary, the channels within the bay as well as RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 573 across the bar fluctuated from year to year. Navigation was at all times difficult and uncertain. Previous projects.-A project for the inmpro vemient of navigation in this locality was first adopted by the river and harbor act ,of August 2, 1882, and was for improving Georgetown Harbor. The original project for the improvement of Winyah Bay proper was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. This project was later made to include Georgetown Harbor, and had been practi- cally completed when the present project was adopted. Total ex- penditures prior to commencement of work under the existing project amounted to $2,512,908.25. of which $2,398,351.88 was for new work and $114,556.37 was for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1806 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the entrance of Winyah Bay, following the, western shore as far as may be necessary, to a point on the Sampit River 1 mile above the limits of the, city of George- totwn, to be secured and maintained (a) by the construction of two jetties springing, respectively, from North and South Islands and converging to give an opening 4,800 feet wide at the 18-foot curve on the seaward side of the bar, the jetties to be, of stone on brush mattresses, the north jetty having a length of 11,139 feet and the south jetty 21,051 feet; (b) by dredging across the bar to the 18- foot curve indicated; (c) by construction of an earthen dike 14,300 , feet long to protect the shore, line of South Island at the southerly side of the bay; (d) by dredging in the bay proper, following the southwestern shore for a distance of about 6 miles opposite Mud Bay; (e) by the construction of a training wall at the head of this dredged cut; and (f) by dredging in Sampit River opposite the city of Georgetown and across the bar at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Georgetown is 3.3 feet, while the spring tides have a mean rise and fall of 4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1904, is $650,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. It is estimated that maintenance will cost $40,000 annually. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the jetties (H. Ex. Doc. No. 258, 48th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1154- 1.170 of the Annual Report for 1885, and H. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 50th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1110-1115 of the Annual Report for 1889). Under this same act the earthen dike was provided as a measure of protection for the south jetty. The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present channel dimensions and the training wall (H. Doec. No. 398, 58th Cong., 2d sess., reprinted on pp. 1591-1609 of the Annual Report for 1904). For latest published map, see Annual Report for 1915, page 2394. Recommen d ed modificaions of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities of the port of George- town served by this improvement consist of five wharves of ordi- nary timber construction, suitable for ocean-going vessels, and pro- vided with sheds for the accommodation of freight, and a number of 574 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 smaller wharves and landing places at street ends and elsewhere, used by river boats. Railway connection is furnished by the Sea- board Air Line Railway, which has tracks on its property extending to the water front, no charge being made for wharfage. All termi- nals are privately owned, but, with few exceptions, are open to all on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the present commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increase in navigable depth of the channel from 9 feet to 18 feet has allowed larger ocean-going ves- sels, especially lumber-carrying schooners, to use the port. The channel is used also by the Baltimore & Carolina Steamship Co. in its regular coastwise commerce'between this port and Baltimore, Md., Charlestoin, S. C., and Miami, Fla. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging was contin- ued under contract. Project depth in the Western Channel was re- stored for a width of 240 feet, and a distance of 21,940 feet. The total yardage removed was 945,956 cubic yards of mud and sand, completing the contract. The expenditures were $85,509.74 for dredging and $15,167.96 for surveys, office expenses, and care of plant, a total of $100,677.70, all chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The jetties were completed in 1903-4. Dikes of various forms have been built to protect the South Island Beach and the shore end of the south jetty. The chan- nels prescribed in the project have been reported as obtained at different times, but never completely maintained. No construction work has been done on the training wall. At the end of the fiscal year there was available over the Sampit Bar a 16-foot channel 200 feet wide. The Western Channel has shoaled to a depth of about 14.5 feet and 200 feet wide since being redredged to project depth and 240 feet width. The channel over the bar was not surveyed dur- ing the year, but information from the pilots is that there is a good channel 18 feet deep across the bar. The expenditures to date on existing project amount to $491,211.73 for new work and $462,165.68 for maintenance, a total of $953,377.41. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended balance of $29,706.01 July 1, 1924, it is proposed to redredge Sampit River Bar. Studies of the Western Channel and of the entrance bar will be made in order to determine the best method to maintain the project dimensions of the channel. The rate of expenditure for dredging will be about $10,000 per month for two months, beginning approximately in August, 1924, and the remainder will be used for maintenance of plant, surveys, and superintendence. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($40,000), will be applied to maintenance of the existing channel. The rate of expenditure is estimated at $10,00(0 per month for four months, beginning in September, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce, which was wholly domes- tic, consisted chiefly of shipments of lumber, and receipts of sugar, petroleum products, salt, cement, lime, and miscellaneous ier- chandise; the internal and local commerce was principally lumber. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 575 logs, foodstuffs, and miscellaneous merchandise. Limits of drafts for coastwise boats were from 12 feet to 18 feet, for small boats and lighters handling local and internal business 31/ feet to 7 feet. Some decrease is shown in traffic, due mainly to falling off in shipments of lumber. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1918-----------205,070 $7,813,228 1921 57,191 $3, 554, 015 5, 667 1919.----------- 115, 325 6,295,973 1922 409, 843 16, 363, 891 4,061 1920.......------------45,835 2,136,593 5,557 1923 ...----------. 384,507 5,950,455 4,856 NOTE.--The above figures include only freight taken on or discharged by vessels at the port of George- town. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $31,877.23: New work- $2, 889, 563. 61 Maintenance------------ 576, 722. 05 Net total expended -------------------------------- 3, 466, 285. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 3, 495, 991. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - Expended for maintenance 1 $64,831.92 $26, 630. 68 $11, 201. 06 $24, 520. 48 $100, 677. 70 Appropriated or allotted---------....---------........ ...... ------------- 20, 000.00 57, 000. 00 30,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------$100, 383. 71 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March2, 1923--------------------- 5, 000. 00 Amountt allotted from:Wat Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 , _-----:------- ----- ---- 25, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Great Peedee River, S. C---- ---- 1, 500. 00 131, 883. 71 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Waccamaw River, S. C _-----_-------------------- 1, 500. 00 130, 383. 71 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance --------------- -------- ------------ -- 1--- 100, 677.70 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--------------------------- 29, 706. 01 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities______-- _------__ _1- 322. 88 July 1, 1924, balance available ------------------------------ 29, 383. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____ _____----------------------------------- 128, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1.26, for maintenance-------------------------- 2 40, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 1071 0--ENG 1924----37 576 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 2. WACCAMAW RIVER, N. C. AND S. C. (A2) Location and description.-This river rises in Lake Waccamaw,, N. C., and flows southwest 142 miles into Winyah Bay, near George- town, S. C. Its drainage area is 1,700 square miles. At Conway the- low-water discharge is 1,050 second-feet and the ordinary flood dis- charge about 4,000 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 92. miles from the mouth to Worthams Bridge. Its width at mouth isi three-quarters of a mile; thence to Bull Creek, 780 feet; thence to. Conway, 240 feet; at Conway, 150 feet; above Conway, 90 feet. (See. U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 152.) Originalcondition.--The river throughout its length was extremely crooked, filled with logs, snags, and other obstructions, but was navi- gable for 12-foot draft boats at all stages of water from Winyah Bay to Bull Creek, 21 miles, and at high water 4 miles farther, to Bucks Lower Mills; thence 7-foot draft could be carried at high water fore 19 miles farther to Conway; thence at ordinary winter water it. pos- sessed an obstructed channel for 3-foot draft boats for 68 miles to, Reeves Ferry ; thence an obstructed channel, with 3 feet at high water, for 30 miles, to Lake Waccamaw. The head of steamboat navigation was Reeves Ferry, N. C., 112 miles fromthe mouth of the, river. Previous projets. -None. LEisting project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at all stages of water, with 80 feet bottom width, from the mouth of the river to Conway, nearly 44 miles, and thence a cleared channel to. Lake Waccamaw. The usual seasonal variation in water surface is about 7.5 feet at Conway and about. 12 feet at Star Bluff, 80 miles above:the mouth. The tidal variation in Winyah Bay is 3.5 feet, and at Conway at low-watei' stage it is 1.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new :ork, revised in 1885, is $138,400. The latest (1886) approved estimate for annual cost of ma.inten'aince is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. D)oc. No. 117T;.'46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 848). :-For map of the river see House. Docmnent No. 514, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. Reconmmended .modiftcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Te'rm inal facilitie.s.-At Toddville (mile 37) and Conway (mile 44) 'agents of the lines operating on the river provide wharves and warehouses, which are free and open to all carriers. At intermediate landing.t there are privately owned free wharves and usually free warehouses, though in a few cases storage is charged for freight left in thei warehouses. The banks are low and range of river stage. small; consequently freight is handled by hand without difficulty., 'he ternninals are adequate for the existing commerce. At Conway they are reached by the railroad, and by highways in fair condition. The :'ter:mediate landings are reached by country roads, usually in poor condition. :(For a full descrip tion of terminal facilities see H. Dowc, No. 652, 66th Colig., 2d sess.) Effect of im7npr'o menent.-The improvement by deepening and straightening the channeland the removal of snags has enabled RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 577 vessels to give a more dependable and economical service. The river passes through a considerable area not reached by rail. Commerce below Conway now consists chiefly of a, tri-weekly freight boat plying between Georgetown and Conway, tug boats carrying logs to the lumber and veneer mills of Conway and tug boats carrying lumber to Georgetown from mills along the river. Above Conway the traffic has recently been chiefly logs carried on lighters or rafted. Operations and results dicring fiscal year.-The snag boat IWateree continued working as a dredge on the rock shoal below Conway and removed from the channel 1,377 cubic yards of marl, rock, and mud, completing the 12-foot project below Conway. The total expendi- tures for this dredging were $4,395.55, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 12-foot project channel be- low Conway was completed but had shoaled at several places so that the ruling depth is now only about 10.5 feet to Conway. No recent examination has been made of the river above Conway, but infor- mation is that there is a slightly obstructed 3-foot channel to Red Bluff, 69 miles above the mouth, and a cleared channel to Star Bluff, :80 miles from the mouth, with a governing depth of about 2 feet in shallow places. The depths above given refer to low water or zero on the Conway gauge, which is 1-foot below average low-water stage. Above Star Bluff no work has been done for several years and the channel is obstructed by snags. The expenditures to date on existing project amount to $250,313.58 for new work and $76,380.88 for main- tenance, a total of $326,694.46. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the unexpended bal- ance of $1,505.54 July 1, 1924, in maintenance work of snagging chiefly between Conway and Star Bluff. It is proposed to use Gov- ernment plant and hired labor. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The channel below Conway has deteriorated somewhat, and it is prqposed to redredge some shoals if found warranted by navigation. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-$4,000-will be applied to maintenance work in snagging and dredging. The rate of expenditure is estimated at $2,000 per month while plant is operating. Commercial statistics.-The commerce was principally, foodstuffs, lumber, logs, and miscellaneous general merchandise. Below Con- way it was handled by small steamers, motor boats, lighters, etc., of 8 feet draft or less; above Conway by 4-foot draft or less. There was considerable increase in the movement of logs and lumber. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passenge s 1918..--_____ 76, 473 $4, 025,421 16, 588 1921 ______ 20, 412 $568,501 5, 58 1919 _ 65, 431 3, 61, 695 .... _ 1922-- - 67, 035 519, 584 3, 8:6 1920 20, 895 674, 898 5, 167 1923 -- 1920 I,1. .... 20, 89 83, 696 869, 089 4, 0' 6 578 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial sum, ary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,682.21: New .wqrk1_.--------------------$250,313. 58 Maintenance ____--____ 76, 380. 88 Net total expended------- ------------------------------ 326, 694. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report_----------------- _ 328, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I-- --.- $5, 472. 07 $4, 395. 55, Expended for maintenance 1_ $5, 232. 70 $134..45 $16. 68 2, 534. 64 ------------- .Total expended I... - - 5, 232. 70 134. 45 16. 68 8, 006. 71 4, 395. 55 Appropriated or allotted .... I- - - -.... 10, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 I July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 015. 17 $------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924___________________________________ 1;500. 00 Amount transferred from Winyah Bay, S. C-------------------_ 1, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 885. 92 5, 901. 09 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for new work 4, 395. 55 1___--. July 1, 1924, balance unexpended___ 1, 505. 54 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-- - -- ______--------__ 13. 50 July 1; 1924, balance available ------------------------------ __ 1, 492. 04 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------------------------- 24, 000. 00 3. GREAT PEEDEE RIVER, S. C. (A3) Lo cation andl deecriptioL n.--This river rises in the mountains of North Carolina, and flows generally southeast for 425 miles into Winyah Bay, near Georgetown,, S. C. Above the Uwharie River, 234 miles from the mouth, it is called the Yadkin. The drainage area is 10,800 square miles. At Smiths Mills, 50 miles from the mouth, the low-water discharge is about 5,200 second-feet, and ordinary flood discharge about 20,300 second-feet. The tidal reach at low water is 38 miles from the mouth. The fall per mile below Cheraw is 0.8 foot. The average width below Cheraw is 325 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original conditio'n.-This river was dangerously obstructed by snags and logs. Nevertheless it was navigated via Waccamaw River and Bull Creek by steamboats drawing 9 feet of water up to Smiths Mills, 50 miles above the mouth of the Peedee, while smaller boats of 31/2 feet draft penetrated to Little Bluff (mile; 106) and at high water to Cheraw, 164 miles from the mouth, which was the head of navigation. 1 Not: deducting receipts from satales, ettc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 579 Previous projects.-None by the United States Government. The river had been under improvement at intervals by the State of South Carolina as far back as 1784. Existing project.-This provides for a -cleared 9-foot channel between Waccamaw River and Smiths Mills and thence a 31X -foot channel to Cheraw at all stages of water. The tidal variation at low-water stage is 31 feet at the mouth and 3 inches 34 miles above. The ordinary flood stage is 18 feet above the low-water stage at Smiths Mills, 25 feet at Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge, and 35 feet at Cheraw Bridge, respectively, 50, 100, and 164 miles from the mouth. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1900, is $235,345.37. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provides for the removal of all obstructions so as to secure a navigable depth of 9 feet to Smiths Mills and 31/ feet to Cheraw (S. Ex. Doc. No. 117, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 844) ;the act of June 13, 1902, provides for securing a 31/-foot channel between Cheraw and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad bridge by means of dredging, snagging, and the construction of timber and pile dams (H. Doc. No. 124, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For map see Annual Report dor 1889, page 1180. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are practically no terminal facilities, except small sheds constructed at a few landings as a protection to freight. They are privately owned. Effect of improvement.-The improvement for a time benefited a large area part of which is now served by rail. Recently the benefit has been limited to the lower 89 miles of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.'-Snagging was done be- tween the Bull Creek entrance of Waccamaw River to 2 miles above the Seaboard Air Line bridge at Poston. The work was done by the snagboat Wateree and consisted in removing from the channel 352 obstructions at a total cost of $3,144.32, chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river was once cleared of snags from its mouth to Cheraw (164 miles) and a 3%/2 -foot channel was secured. At present there exists from the Waccamaw River up to Smiths Mills (50 miles above the mouth) a cleared channel 9 feet deep at lowest recorded stage (zero of Cheraw gauge). From Smiths Mills to Jeffreys Creek (89 miles above the mouth) there exists a partially cleared channel 31/ feet deep at low water. The river is now being used by barges and two boats up to Jeffreys Creek. Above Jeffreys Creek there is no navigation and the river is greatly ob- structed by logs and snags. The expenditures to date on existing project amount to $183,712.41 for new work and $134,788.22 for main- tenance, a total of $318,500.63. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the unexpended bal- ance of $6,499.37, July 1, 1924, in snagging the river from Bull Creek to near Jeremy Creek, using Government plant and hired 580 REPORT' OF CUHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 labor. The rate of expenditure is estimated at $1,800 per month, and it is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($4.000), will be applied to maintenance work of snagging. The rate of expenditure is estimated at $2,000 per month while the plant is in use on the river. Commercial statistics.-The only record of commuerce handled on the river during 1923 was that of logs, wood, and lumber. There was probably some fertilizer and miscellaneous merchandise, but no record was obtained. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1918 36, 337 $339, 543- ___--- 1921 _ 7, 231 $28, 691 1919 - 17,236 128,687-_ 1922-_._-- 13,725 141,173 __________ 1920 1923 .....---------- 31,827 178,496 ----------..... Fi ancial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $31,440.03: New work _ -- - $183, 712. 41 Maintenance ______ _______ 134, 788. 22 Net total expended 318, 500. 63 Total appropriations to date of this rieport ----------------- 325, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ........ $40 112---------- $7.61,1----1 Expended for maintenance 1i . $14.20 $123. 62 $7. 76 $1, 112.71 $3, 144. 32 Appropriated or allotted -_----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 200.00 July 1. 1923, balance unexpended-- - $4, 943. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------- 6 200. 00 11, 143. 69 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Winyah Bay, S. C___ 1, 500. 00 9, 643. 69 June 30, 1.924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 3, 144. 32 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 6, 499. 37 July 1., 1924, outstanding liabilities 02. 27 1-------------------------- July 1, 1924, balance available , 397. 10 6----------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1.926, for maintenance--------------------------------- 2 4, 000. 00 1 Nlot deducting receits- from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 581 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A -Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $64,999.47: New work-------------------------------------------- $3, 323, 589. 60 Maintenance 787, 891.15 Net total expended---------------------------------- 4, 111, 480. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report - 4, 149, 191. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1. ---- -. $5, 472. 07 $4, 395. 55 Expended for maintenance . $70, 078. 82 $26, 888. 75 $11, 225. 50 28, 167. 83 103, 822. 02 Total expended 1 70, 078. 82 26, 888. 75 11, 225. 50 i 33, 639. 90 108, 217. 57 Appropriated or allotted _-_... - ........... -20,000.... 00 67, 000. 00 39, 200. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _________________-- - _______ $107, 342. 57 A mount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923______-__ 11, 200.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924_ ____ ------------------------------------------------ 26, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 -- ___-- ---------- 885. 92 145, 928. 49 ,June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work --------------------------------- $4, 395. 55 For maintenance--------- ------------ 103, 822.02 108, 217. 57 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------------37, 710. 92 ------------------------------ July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--- ______ 438. 65 July 1, 1924, balance available--------------------------------- 37, 272. 27 Amount (est'mated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_________________________________ 2 128, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance-_- _ - .....-- --------- 2 48, 000. 00 SANTEE AND CONGAREE RIVERS AND ESTHERVILLE-MINIM CREEK CANAL, S. C. (GROUP B) 4. SANTEE RIVER AND ESTHERVILLE-MINIM CREE CREEK CNAL. (1) Location and description.-The Santee River is formed by the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers, about 30 miles south- east of Columbia, S. C. It flows generally southeast for 143 miles and enters the Atlantic Ocean about 10 miles north of Cape Romain. Its drainage area, including that of the Wateree and Congaree Rivers, is 15,700 square miles. At Greenland Swamp, 90 miles from the mouth, the low-water discharge is about 4,500 second-feet. The mean discharge is about 12,500 second-feet. Thile tidal reach at low water is to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. The average fall 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of availaIle funds. 582 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 per mile is 3 inches. The average width is 480 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.-This river was much obstructed throughout its length by snags, logs, and overhanging trees. The width ranged from 200 to 500 feet, and the least depth was 3 feet. Its bar entrance was narrow, crooked, and shifting, and so situated as to be very difficult and expensive to improve. It had less than 5 feet of depth at low tide, with a tidal variation of 31/2 feet. The river was navi- gated by several small steamers (drawing 4 feet or less) from the sea to the junction of the rivers, and thence to Columbia on the Congaree or to Camden on the Wateree River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. Total expenditures prior to commencing work under the existing project amounted to $99,750, all of which was for new work. For scope of previous project see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing pioject.-The existing project provides for a new route for river steamers from Santee River to Winyah Bay by a canal between Winyah Bay at Estherville and Minim Creek, S. C., 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide, and for snagging the entire river. The plane of reference for the canal and lower river is mean low water, the tidal rise being 312 feet. Tidal action extends to Lenuds Ferry, 38 miles from the mouth. For the upper river the plane of reference is ordi- nary low water, the variation in water level being 19 feet at the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 5412 mles above the mouth, and 20 feet at the junction of the Congaree and Wateree Rivers. The distance from the head of the river to Georgetown is 152 miles-139 miles by river, 5 miles in the canal, and 8 miles in Winyah Bay. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $350,000. There is no approved estimate for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890. (S. Doc. No. 161, 46th Cong., 2d sess.; and Annual Reports for 1880, p. 916, and 1889, p. 1184.) For outline map of the river see Annual Report for 1889, page 1186. For map of the canal see Annual Report for 1896, page 1174. Recommended m~odifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termninal facilities.-There are practically no terminal facilities. Small sheds have been constructed at a few landings as a protection to freight. They are privately owned. Effect of inmprovement.-The improvement by providing the canal connecting Winyah Bay and Santee River greatly benefited navi- gation, not only of the Santee River and through it of the Congaree River, but opened the way for traffic through the inland waterways southward. River navigation, formerly connecting Columbia, S. C., with northern markets through ocean steamers at Georgetown, S. C., has recently been confined to the lower portion of the river and has consisted chiefly of logs and lumber. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The dredge Augusta removed from the channel at the Winyah Bay end of the canal 29,358 cubic yards of material in restoring the channel dimensions; and 12,600 cubic yards from a shoal at the lower end of Crow Island in Santee River. The total field operating cost was $6, 510. 85; unit RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 583 cost $0.1551 per cubic yard. Total gross cost, including repairs chargeable as rent was $8,342.80; unit cost $0.1998 per cubic yard. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $14,052.06, all charge- able to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The canal project is about 84 per cent completed. It has been constructed to project depth with 50 feet width, and this depth obtains for most of the way. For the Santee River the project is for snagging, which has been done as maintenance rather than as new work. No regular snagging of the river was done during the year, as the channel though somewhat obstructed was sufficient for the existing traffic. The tidal section of the river has a controlling depth of 3.9 feet at mean low tide. The records of the gauge at Ferguson for 151/2 years show the river stage to have been below 3.7 feet for an average of only 7 days per year, which stage corresponds to a navigable depth of 6 feet. For new work on the canal there has been expended to date $174,619.85; for maintenance on the canal and river $145,489.18, a total expenditure of $320,109.03 from Government funds. In addition, $2,372.39 has been expended from contributed funds for a survey of the river; this is chargeable to maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the unexpended balance of $2,456 July 1, 1924, in dredging shoals in the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, using Government plant and hired labor. Additional funds may be needed for Santee River if traffic on the river increases. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted -June 30. 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($8,000). will be applied to maintenance work of snagging and dredging. The snagging is estimated at $2,000, expended at the rate of $2,000 per month, and the dredging at $6,000, expended at the rate of $5,0(0) per month. The dredging will be done on shoals in Estherville-Minim Creek and in Santee River near entrance to the canal. Besides being the only commercial entrance to the Santee River, the canal is a part of the inland water- way route from Georgetown to Charleston, and its maintenance to project depth is essential to a large percentage of the boats using the route. It is not proposed to complete the project to the prescribed width of 70 feet at present, as the existing widths of 60 and 50 feet have thus far proven adequate for commerce. Commercial satititics.-Practically all reported traffic of the Santee River, which consisted mainly of lumber, logs, and crossties on barges passed through the Estherville-Minim Creek section of the inland waterway. The canal is the northern outlet for commerce of the Santee and also a part of the inland waterway from Charles- ton to Georgetown. In addition to carrying the freight reported it is used by many northern yachts in their annual cruise to southern waters and their return in the spring. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1918__________ 18,274 $179,051 1921_________ 8, 730 $60,361 263 1919 .... -. 6, 373 117, 090 - 1.922 ..-- 15, 704 169,704 225 1920 ----------- 1, 831 34, 982 250 1923 _ -- __ 65,983 345,850 253 I- 10710--ENG 1924---38 584 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsumtnuary Amount expended on all projects to. June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $571.76: New work ------ $274, 369. 8, ------------- Maintenance --------------------------------------- 145, 489. 18 Net total expended-------------------------------------419, 859. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 422, 315. 03 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work.. Expended for maintenance 1 _-- $4, 523. 97 $658.17 $2, 501. 12 $1, 111. 69 I$14,052. 06 Appropriated or allotted--------------------- 9, 000. 00 ,000. 00- -- 2, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------- --------- $14, 506. 41 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924---------------- 2, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-------------1. 65 16, 508. 06 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 14, 02. 06 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- 2, 456. 00 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilhties------------ ------------------ 103.19. July 1, 1924, balance available----------------------------------- 2, 352. 81 Amount that can be profitably expended:ii 'fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance - ------------------------ 8, 000. 00 5. CONGAREE RIVER,'S. C. (B2) Location and description.-Thisriver is formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda Rivers, 1 mile above Columbia, S. C., and flows southeasterly 52 miles, there uniting with the Wateree River -The to form the Santee River. Its drainage area and that of its tribu- taries is 8,312 square miles. low-water discharge at the mouth is about 3,300 second-feet; the high-water discharge. at extreme flood exceeds 315,000 second-feet. The operation of power dams on the Broad and Saluda Rivers and other. tributaries cause varia- tion in flow affecting low-water depths on the shoals near Columbia.. The current is moderate, except for the upper 3 miles, where it is rapid, having a fall of 20 feet. For the remainder of its course the average fall per mile is 0.8 foot. The. average width is 390 feet.. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of South Carolina, 1913.) Original condition.--This stream had a low-water depth of 3 to 4 feet from its mouth to the railroad bridge at Columbia; thence 1 foot low-water depth 2 miles farther to its head. Navigation of the lower 49 miles was blocked at all stages of water by the Southern Railway Co.'s bridge, 5 miles from the mouth, and by sunken logs, snags, and overhanging trees. Navigation of the remaining 2 miles was pre- vented by swift currents and numerous rock ledges and bowlders. N'ott dducting receipts 2 Exlusve of avatilable~ funds.s 1 from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 585 The head of navigation was Columbia, S. C., 51 miles above the mouth, but there was no commerce on the river. Previous projects.-None by the United States Government. The State of South Carolina did some improvement work prior to 1850. Existing project.-This provides for a 4-foot navigable channel over the lower 49 miles of the river, to, be secured by dredging and bank protection, and for the construction of a lock and dam to ex- tend deep water to Gervais Street Bridge, Columbia, S. C. The usual variation in water surface due to freshets is about 24 feet at the mouth of the river and is about' 33 feet at Columbia, the plane of reference being ordinary low water. The latest (1914) approved estimate of cost is $464,000 for new work and $10,000 annually for maintenance. Data concerning the lock and dam are as follows: Location, 2 miles below Gervais Street, Columba, S. C., 49 miles above mouth of river. Lock dimensions: Feet Length between miter sills 1------------- 170 Clear width - -- - - 55 Lift------ ---------- ------------------------------------- 10 Depth on miter sills at low water.------------_ ----- Character of foundation, ledge granite. Kind of dam, movable. Chanoine wickets. Original structure completed 1904; alterations 1915. Cost to date: Original structure---- $225, 000 Alterations------ ----------- - 56, 000 Total --------------------------------------------------- 281, 000 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 3, 1886, provided for the improve- ment of the lower 49 miles (H. Ex. Doc. No. 254, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 1140) ; the act of March 3, 1899, au- thorized the construction of the lock and dam (H. Doc. No. 66, 53d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 1183); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for rebuilding the dam and raising the crest (H. Doc. No. 608, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for bank protection (H. Doc. No. 702, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For outline map see Annual Report for 1889, page 1194. Recommended modifications of pro ect.-None. Local cooperation-None. Terminal facilities.-There is at Granby Landing, 2 miles below Columbia, a landing connected by a tramway with a,shed located above the freshet line. It is privately owned and adequate for the business of the owner. There area no public terminals on the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. -The improvement enabled Columbia, S. C., to reach northern markets through connection at Georgetown, S. C., with coastwise steamers to, the benefit of both wholesale and retail trade over portions of North and South Carolina, and Georgia. The actual saving in freight rates by all-water routes to Columbia was from 24 to 27 per cent as compared with rates by water and rail between the same points. No boat service has been maintained in recent years. The operating company, the Columbia Railway and 586 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Navigation Company complained of difficulties due to irregular wave action from power plant, and the suspension of Clyde Line service, and interruption of service of Baltimore and Carolina Steamship Company to Georgetown prevented the favorable rates which had obtained through agreement with this line. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Expenditures wet $2,875.38 for repairs to plant', office expenses, etc., chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-That portion of the project which covers the construction of a, lock and dam and dredging to secure a 4-foot channel has been completed. The lock and dam were first completed in 1904. The dam having been damaged by a, flood in 1908, was rebuilt and raised 2 feet; and necessary alterations were made to the lock; this work was completed in 1914. The channel has been dredged from time to time. When last investigated, in 1917, a channel 4 feet, deep except at the lowest stages existed from the mouth of the river to the foot of Senate Street in Columbia, S. C., using the lock and dam. Navigation has temporarily ceased on the river and the lock and dam are therefore not operated at present. The expenditures to date are $364,823.87 for new work and $339,097.49 for maintenance, a total of $703,921.36. Proposed operations.-No operations will be carried on until navi- gation of the river is resumed. Existing funds are adequate for maintenance of the floating plant belonging to the improvement and will be used for that purpose during the coming fiscal year. It is not expected that any additional funds will be required during the fiscal year 1926. Commercial statistics. The only commerce of record on the Con- garee during 1923 consisted of logs, wood, and crossties, which were floated down the river to the crossing of the Southern Railway bridge near Moye, S. C. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1918---------------------- 2,308 $133,284 1921------------- _----- _ - 10,000 $200,000 1919 --- 1922 5,830 13,580 1920 -::::::::::::::::::::::- ...... . 1923-- ------------- -- i 5,000 10,000 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38,970.79: New work-------- $364, 823. 87 Maintenance -.........------------ 339,097. 49 Net total expended __ 703, 921. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report 298. 64 7---------------------737, Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--- - $29 3 $ 1 23 $2- Expended for maintenance33, 23. 03 8 .744. 41 2.3 70 $2,75.R3 Appropriated or allotted. . .. . . 10,--00.0-0 ........... I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 587 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-------------------------------_ $3, 765. 96 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 486. 70 36, 252. 66 1 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 2, 875. 38 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----- ------------------------- 33, 377. 28 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__ ________----------- 93.:30 July 1, 1924, balance available .------------------------- 33, 283. 98 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $39,542.55: New work---------------------------------------------$639, 193. 72 Maintenance______---------------------------------------------- 484, 586. 67 Net total expended------------------------------------ 1, 123, 780. 39 Total appropriations to date of this report___ 1____________- 1, 159, 613. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended fornew work Expended for maintenance 1 $7,427.59 $34,281.20 $11,245.53 $3,449.39 $16,927.44 Appropriated or allotted---------- ------ ------ ---.. 8,000.C0 i 10,0CO.00 2,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $50, 272. 37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924__-------------------------------------- 2,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_____----------___ 488. 35 1 52, 760. 72 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 16, 927. 44 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended___________-- -______ ____ 35, 833. 28 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-__________________- -_ 196. 49 July 1, 1924, balance available--------------------------------35,636. 79 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance ___ ___________ __-__-- - 2,8,000. 00 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND D)AM ACROSS CONGAREE RIVER, NEAR COLUMBIA, S. C. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for "Improving Santee, Wateree, and Congaree Rivers, S. C."-Congaree River, S. C. See pages 584 to 586 of this report, where general information regarding the im- provement can be found. The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of the lock and dam mentioned on page 585. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since April 7, 1906. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The work has consisted in upkeep of lock, dam, and appurtenant buildings and plant. No 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. E ~clusvel of available funds. 588 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1924 commercial lockages have been made. All work has been executed by hired labor and with Government plant. During the year ex- penditures amounted to $2,621.32. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam are completed, but were placed out of commission in August, 1920; the maneuver boat and all other property have been sold or removed and the buildings are to be rented. Expenditures to date are $108,317.51. Proposed operations.-Repairssufficient to prevent deterioration will be made from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Conmercial stastics.-No commercial use was made of the lock. 7. WATERWAY BETWEEN CHARLESTON AND WINYAH BAY, S. C. Location and description.--The waterway consists of creeks, sounds, rivers, and bays, beginning at Charleston Harbor with The Cove behind Sullivans Island and thence through sundry creeks, Bullyard Sound, and Hickory Bay to Sewee Bay; thence by creeks to Harbor River; thence by Matthews Cut to mouth of Town Creek, which connects the wvaterway with McClellanville, 1 mile distant from it. From mouth of Town Creek via Clubhouse Creek to lower end of Dupree Creek; thence through sundry creeks to Alliga- tor, Creek and South Santee River; thence through Six Mile Creek, North Santee River, and Estherville-Minim Creek Canal to Winyah Bay at a point 8 miles below Georgetown. The route is tidal throughout and is for the most part sheltered from the sea. The new route through Clubhouse and Dupree Creeks has shortened the total distance 5 miles and that now being cut through upper Casino Creek will shorten it 2.3 miles more, making the distance by the present authorized route from Charleston to Winyah Bay 81 miles and to Georgetown 89 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1239 and 153.) Original condition.-This waterway was obstructed by a number of narrow, crooked passages and shallow reaches, particularly at points where the tides meet. The passages across Bulls Bay and from Romain River to Alligator Creek were much exposed, and the former was very shallow. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 1 foot; the minimum width was about 30 feet. Only very small vessels could get through without excessive delays. The dis- tance by the original route from Charleston to the mouth of Mosquito Creek on Winyah Bay was about 86 miles, and to George- town 961/2 miles. This route across Bulls Bay was very exposed and was later replaced by the more sheltered but longer creek route, and the Estherville-Minim Creek Canal also replaced Mosquito Creek. The distance by this route from Charleston to Georgetown was 96 miles. Subsequent improvements between McClellanville and Alli- gator Creek have reduced the distance to Georgetown along the authorized route to 89 miles. The distance from McClellanville to Georgetown which by the original route was 56 miles will by this authorized route be reduced to 42 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existin project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide at bottom between Charleston Harbor RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 589 and Winyah Bay, with a branch channel of the same dimensions to Morrisons Landing in McClellanville. The mean tidal range is 3.5 to 5.1 feet, according to locality, and is further affected by winds or storms, which cause extreme high tides of 7 to 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work revised in: 1920 is $235,790. The (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenak1 e is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river ana harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel from Charleston to a point opposite McClellanville (H. Doc. No. 84, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1908); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the branch channel to McClellanville (Annual Report for 1903, p. 1133); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for extending the channel to Winyah Bay (H. Doc. No. 178, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see last-named document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of April 10, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modi- fied:by providing a channel 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide from North Santee River by way of Four Mile Creek and a straight cut across the marsh to the South Santee River, at an estimated cost of $51,000, with $1,000 annually for maintenance for the first two years and $500 thereafter, provided local interests shall furnish, free of cost to the United :States, necessary rights of way and spoil-disposal areas (see H. Doc. No. 237, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-The condition imposed by the river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902, provided that all land required for the same should be furnished free of cost to the Government. The condition imposed was complied with in full. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf on Owendaw Creek owned by an oyster-canning factory and used for its work. The wharf at McClellanville was destroyed by a storm. Two landings on the Estherville-Minim Creek Caaare on the banks of the waterway. Landings are also made at convenient places along the waterway and creeks and bays connecting with it. The facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facil- ities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement by changing a very long,, narrow, and exposed route, entailing delays due to shallow shoals, to a shorter usable channel of 4 feet depth and 60 feet width, has benefited a section without rail service, adding to the commerce of Charleston and Georgetown, and also reduced for light-draft boats the length of the outside passage required by the gap in the intracoastal waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging for mainte- nance of the channel continued with the U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Augusta and hired labor. Work was done in removing shoals at sundry places, including Clubhouse, Skrine, and Alligator Creeks, reducing the distance 5 miles. Work was also, begun on making a cut across the marsh between Casino and Alligator Creeks for fur- ther reducing the distance and maintenance. The material removed 590 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 totaled 178,492 cubic yards, and varied generally from compacted shell to soft mud, except that a large number of submerged cypress stumps were encountered in making the cut across the marsh. The total field operating cost was $18,187.53; unit cost $0.1018 per cubic yard. Total gross cost, including current repairs chargeable as rent, was $29,441.73; unit cost $0.1649 per cubic yard. The total expendi- tures for the fiscal year were $37,919.02, all chargeable to mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The portion of the project cover- ing the channel from Charleston to McClellanville was completed in 1913; from McClellanville to Winyah Bay in 1920. From Charles- ton, through Clubhouse Creek, a distance of 50 miles, the project depth of 4feet exists. For the remainder of the route to Winyah Bay, 33 miles, the controlling depth is 3 feet. The branch channel up to McClellanville has controlling depth of about 3 feet. Expendi- tures on existing project to date are $210,768.69 for new work and $96,495.17 for maintenance, a total of $307,263.86. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the unexpended bal- ance of $31,426.14 (July 1, 1924), in dredging chiefly in the eastern portion of the route, using Government plant and hired labor, at an estimated rate of expenditure of $5,000 per month. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year eadingJune 30, 1926 ($22,000), will be applied in maintaining the waterway. This amount is somewhat larger than the average allotted for the past four or five years, and larger than the approved estimate for annual maintenance, but is needed to remove shoals forming at various places on the route. Since the project depth is only 4 feet at mean low water and many freight and pleasure boats that use the waterway carry a draft of this amount or more, it is important to maintain full depth. It is a link in the inland water- way of the Atlantic coast and worthy of maintenance. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consisted mainly of lumber, logs,. oyster-factory products (canned oysters and oyster shells), lime, miscellaneous general merchandise and fertilizer. It was car- ried by small gasoline boats and lighters drawing 3 feet to 6 feet. The project serves a coastal section where no railroads exist, is a link in the inland waterway, and is used by many northern yachts in their trips to southern waters. The Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, which is a link in the Santee River-Winyah Bay route, is also the northern link of the inland waterway to Winyah Bay. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 19181 _ 35,693 $812,086 150 1921 1 ... 11,233 $455,124 516 1919 1- 13,970 364,597 140 1922 2 _... _ 23,536 359,568 425 19201 - 11,652 428,224 525 1923 -- 99,124 962,043 630 1 Revised toinclude traffic 2 Composed of15,704 of Santee River. in Estherville-Minim Creek section. tons using Estherville-Minim Creek Canal section tons using section and 7,832 south RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 591 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $115.40: New work---------------------------------------------- $210, 768. 69 Maintenance------------------ ----------- --------------- 96, 495.17 Net total expended-------------------- --- 307, 263. 86 Total appropriation to date of this report-----------------------338, 690. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 ...- --. $18, 725. 02 $6, 007. 48 ._.. ,5 8 _... .i 2.0.....$ - Expended for maintenance 1---- .-- -- 4,618.54 $8, 545.83 $17,382. 0 $37, 919.02 Total expended 1- - -_ 18, 725. 02 10, 626. 02 8, 545. 83 17, 382. 06 37, 919.02 Appropriated or allotted---------......... 12,000.00 10,000.00 22,000.00 47, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- $22, 256. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923-------------------------------- ------- 30, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved __ June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------------ 17, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 88. 65 69, 345. 16 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 37, 919. 02 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 31, 426. 14 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 4, 057. 81 July 1, 1924, balance available---------------------------------27, 368. 33 Amount thart can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance----------------------------------- 222, 000. 00 CHARLESTON HARBOR, S. C. (INCLUDING ASHLEY RIVER) (GROUP C) 8. CHARLESTON HARBOR. (C1) Location and description. This harbor is on the coast of South Carolina, about 15 miles southerly of the middle point of the coast line, 50 miles southwest of Winyah Bay, S. C., and 80 miles north- east of the mouth of the Savannah River. It is formed by a bay at the mouth of the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, and is practically land- locked by outlying seacoast islands and portions of the mainland. The city of Charleston lies on a peninsula between the two rivers, 7/ miles from the ocean bar; the United States navy yard is located on Cooper River 8 miles above its confluence with Ashley River, and the United States port terminals about 2 miles above the navy yard. The total area of the harbor from the northern limits of the city to the gorge between Forts Sumter and Moultrie is about 8 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 592 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMlY, 1924 Original condition.-Outer harbor: There were four channels across the bar, the deepest having about 12 feet depth at low water. When construction of present jetties began commerce was using the Pumpkin Hill Channel, about 3 miles south of the present channel. ,Where the present jetty channel is situated there was then the Swash Channel, with a best depth of 101/ feet of water, too crooked for safe use. The natural channels were shifting in position and vari- able in depth and width. Inner harbor: The condition of the inner harbor did not differ markedly from that which now obtains. Previous projects.--The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. Subsequent river and harbor acts affecting the projects for the harbor are as follows: June 18, 1878, and August 11, 1886. involving construction of jetties and dredging. March 3. 1899, provided for not less than 26 feet t mean low water and 600 feet wide to be obtained by dredging. June 25, 1910, increasing depth over the bar to 28 feet at menau low water and a channel 500 feet wide between the jetties and 1,000 feet wide beyond them. August 8, 1917. increasing depth over the bar to 30 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under all previous projects amount to $5,272,132.39, of which $5,221,661.32 was for new work and $50,- 471.07 was for maintenance. For further details of purevious proj- ects, see page 1808 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining, by the construction of jetties and auxiliary dredging, a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide from the sea to the navy yard, the jetties to be of stone on log mattress foundations, the north jetty having a length of 15,443 feet and the south jetty 19,104 feet. The mean tidal range is 5.2 feet, though this is increased to 7 or 8 feet under the influence of northeast winds or stors of long duration. The estimate of cost for new work nmade in 1919 is $7,540,000, exclusive lof expenditures on previous projects, The latest (1919) approved estimate of the cost of annual maintenance is $500,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the two jetties and for auxiliary dredging (Annual Report for 1878, pp. 553-572); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for increase in depth to 30 feet. with a width of 500 feet between the jetties and 1,000 feet seaward thereof (H. Doc. No. 288, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1946, 64th Cong., 2d sess., pp. 21-29, 57, 58, and 64-68). For latest map of the improved section see page 2294, Annual Report for 1920. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. The 30-foot depth authorized by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 288, Sixty-second Congress, second session, was " subject to the condition that local iiterests furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will provide terminal facilities commensurate with the needs of the port." This condition has been met, the approval of the Secretary of War being dated November R-1917. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 593 The act of July 18, 1918, provided that the 40-foot channel up to the navy yard should not be undertaken "until the proposed new dry dock at this navy yard, carrying a depth of 40 feet of water over the blocks, has been authorized." This dock was authorized in the naval appropriation act approved July 1, 1918 (40 Stat. L., p. 725). Terminal facilities.--The eastern water front of the city of Charleston has about 1 mile of piers and 1 mile of marginal wharves, a number of which are owned by railroads and steamship companies and are used practically for their own business. The Port Utilities Commission of the city of Charleston owns the terminals at Colum- bus Street, three piers near Market Street, and two at Tradd Street. It also owns and operates the belt-line railway serving wharves and warehouses and connecting with trunk lines entering the city. Its wharves are open to the public on a charge basis. The commission is making improvements at its terminal property and at Union Wharf near Market Street. Modern facilities exist at the coal pier of the Southern Railway and the floating dry dock of the Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co. The Clyde Steamsh ip Co. and the Sea- board Air Line Railway Co. have mechanical unloaders at their wharves. On the Cooper River above the navy yard a compress and ware- house company has a marginal wharf 700 feet long; and about 10 miles from the city the port terminals, built for Army purposes and to some extent still so used, are now leased by the Port Utilities Com- mission .of the city from the United States Shipping Board for commercial purposes. A 30-foot channel leads to these marginal wharves. 2,030 feet long, where modern facilities exist for transfer of freight between ships and railroads, and extensive warehouses a.nd rail connections are provided. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. For terminal facilities on the Ashley River water front see report on Ashley River. Effect of improveinent.-No reduction of marine freight rates has been made, but marine insurance has been somewhat reduced. The improvement combined with the tidal variation of 5.2 feet has allowed a vessel drawing 32 feet to dock at a Cooper River Dier, instead of a maximum of 17 feet draft before improvement. The larger vessels have increased both the volume and value of commerce, more than doubling the value. "Operationsand results during fiscal year.--Work was done on the entrance channel by the TU.S. seagoing hopper dredge Sa Xannah, from August 31 to December 28, 1923, to restore the channel, 735,248 cubic yards of sand and clay being removed and the channel restored to 30 feet depth and 650 feet width with a controlling depth of 30.9 feet on the center range. The field cost of the work was $44,869.44 or $.06102 per cubic yard. In addition there was expended for operation and repair of smaller plant, office work, superintend- ence, care of property, etc., $42,463.23. The total expenditures were $87,332.67, all chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 17.86 per cent completed. The jetties protecting the entrance channel across the bar were completed in 1895. The north jetty is 15,443 feet long, and 594 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U: S. ARMY, 1924 the south jetty 19,104 feet; the distance between their axes at the outer end is 2,900 feet, and their height, as originally built, was 12 feet above mean low water for the greater part of their length. Recent examination indicates that at the close of the fiscal year there existed a 30-foot channel about 600 feet wide from the lightship to the plant of the Charleston Dry Dock & Machine Co., at foot of Calhoun Street, with the following exceptions: (1) Near the end of the north jetty a shoal encroaches on the north side of the channel for about450 feet. The channel however, widens to the south at this point and safe passage may be had by running off range to the south. (2) On the south channel range, west of its intersection with the Mount Pleasant range there is a small middle ground shoal with only 29 feet, but which can be avoided by using the deeper water on either side. Above Calhoun Street the best information indicates a usable 30-foot channel up Cooper River to the Navy Yard, thence 28 feet to the port terminal. The work remaining to complete the project is dredging to secure the increased width and depth of chan- nel required by the project. The total expenditures under the existing project amount to $1,346,548.98 for new work and $162,098.53 for maintenance, a total of $1,508,647.51. As a result of dredging done by the Navy Department under the naval appropriation act of August 29, 1916, a channel 30 feet deep at all stages, 600 feet wide in straight reaches and increasing to 1,000 feet at bends, extending from deep water in Cooper River to the United States navy yard, passing to the the east of Drum Island, was completed. Dredging done in connection with the construction of the Army supply base at North Charleston resulted in a channel with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, with width varying from 400 to 800 feet, from the navy yard to above the supply base, a distance of 31/2 miles. Proposed operationts.--It is proposed to use the unexpended bal- ance of $211,186.10 (July 1, 1924), for such maintenance as can be done on the 30-foot project, so regulating this as to maintain, if possible, a navigable channel of 30-foot depth or better, which is needed for existing commerce. Dredging in entrance channel is pro- posed at, an estimated cost of $50,000, the work to be done by a United States seagoing hopper dredge to be assigned later to this work; also in shoaled portions of Cooper River, at an estimated cost of $17,500, the work to be done by contract with hydraulic pipe line dredge. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are requested since the unexpended funds are considered adequate. Commercial statistics.-Foreigncommerce was principally exports of cotton and cotton factory products, coal, lumber, and chemicals. Imports consisted of fertilizer material, mineral oil, jute butts, shingles, iron ore:, etc. Coastwise commerce was principally cotton and cotton goods, lumber, crossties, petroleum products, fertilizer, and miscellaneous merchandise. There was also local and inter- nal traffic with near-by points of considerable amount and value; it was principally cotton, lumber, logs, and foodstuffs, includ- ing fresh vegetables. Coastwise boats were from 18 to 23 feet draft; boats handling foreign traffic varied from 20 feet to 33 feet draft. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 595 Comparative statement Freight taken on or dis- Floated logs and Traffic across charged by vessels lumber harbor Cargoes in transit darlen Passen- dar gers year Short Short VeShort Short Vau Value Value t Value Short Value tons ae tons tons tons 1919 - 863, 987 $127,094,176 (1) (1) -__..._- -. 457, 552 $125, 002, 379 9, 967 1920_-- 2, 231, 606 110, 574, 118 (1) -- (--- ) --- ..__------- 22, 064 1921 1, 509, 261 154, 454, 542 (1) -__ 19, 507 $478, 500 579, 219 5 1553, 971 62, 6 461, 106 1922_ 1, 500, 385 109, 129, 689 132, 871 $2, 657,420 32, 330 3, 879, 600 734, 704 , 72, 028 370, 771 1923-. _ 1,944, 383 224, 035, 937 169, 674 684, 946 -.. . 728, 709 127, 715, 201 443,256 1No record. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $144,186.82: New work_______-- ________________---___ $6,568, 210. 30 Maintenance - -------------------------------------- 212, 569. 60 Net total expended--------------------------------6, 780, 779. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report , 991, 966. 00 6_________________ Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1--------$488, 261. 85 $543, 992. 24 .... . . . Expended for maintenance 1 -- -- -- $62,802. 35 $34,382. 91 $87, 332. 67 Appropriated or allotted ------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___________________________ $281, 134. 54 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 .______________ 17, 384. 23 298, 518. 77 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - --------- 87, 332. 67 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended __________________________ 211, 186.10 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities , 682. 94 1--------------------------- July 1, 1924, balance available_ .----------- 209, 503. 16 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project .___________________- 26, 040, 000. 00 9. ASHLEY RIVER, S. C. (C2) Location and description.-This river rises near Ridgeville, S. C., and flows southeasterly 40 miles, uniting with the Cooper River to form the harbor at Charleston, S. C. The drainage area is 320 square miles. The fluvial discharge at low water is 200 second- feet. The entire river is virtually a tidal estuary, and its lower stretch is a portion of Charleston Harbor. The average width, be- tween banks in the lower stretch is 950 yards. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1239 and 470.) 'Not deducting eceipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 596 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, l. S. ARMY, 1924 Original condition.-The river was navigable for tugs, schooners of moderate size, and side-wheel steamers for 10 miles above the. mouth, and for rafts and flatboats to Bacons Bridge, 30 miles; above the mouth. The channel varies in width from 70 feet 'at Bacons Bridge to about 500 yards at the mouth in Charleston Harbor. This was reduced to 40 feet in width and 9 feet in depth at mean low water to Accabee Flats, and to a minimum usable low-water depth of 6 feet at Cowhead Shoals, respectively 8 and 10 miles from the mouth. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by act of Congress approved June 14, 1880 The total explenditures amounted to $5,500 For further details of previous project see page 1809, Annual Report, 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 240 feet wide up to the, Standard Wharf, about 71/4 miles. The mean tidal variation is about 5.6 feet. This is in- creased at the mouth of the river to 7 or 8 feet under the influence of prolonged northeast winds. The estimate of cost for new work is $51,150, exclusive of the amount expended under previous project. No estimate for annual maintenance is made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest map of improved section see House Document No. 1810, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.---None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities extend 51/2 miles above the Municipal Wharf at Tradd Street, and include the United States Lighthouse Wharf, Ashepoo Fertilizer Wharf, Planters Fertilizer Wharf, and the Chicora and the Standard Wharves of the Virginia- Carolina Chemical Co. The four last named are equipped with mechanical unloading devices. Since the principal business on this river is the mixing of fertilizers, these terminals are adequate for existing commerce on this river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No effect on marine freight rates. The improvement has greatly facilitated vessel movelnent. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Expenditures, none. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-Dredgingfor the original project was completed in 1913. The channel has less than project depth and width in some places. The pilots report that the cut across the shoal just above the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge has filled. until there is now only 19 feet at mean low water. Above and below that point the project depth with sufficient width obtains. The expendi- tures on existing project to date are $51,150 for new work and $21,118.53 for maintenance, a total of $72,268.53. Proposed operations.-Dredging to restore project depth and width will be done at such places as serious shoals may develop. Existing funds will be sufficient for this work, and no additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1926. Commercial statistics.-Inclhided with commnercial statistics for Charleston Harbor. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 597 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.50: New work---------------------------------------- $56, 650. 00 Maintenance---- ----21, 118. 53 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 77, 768. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report_______--_____-___ 83, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for:new work Expended for maintenance 1 $5, 064 23 $624 92 $6. 96 --- Appropriated or allotted-- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------- --------------------- $5, 881. 47 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-----------------------------5, 881. 47 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $144,189.32: New work --------------------------------------- $6,624, 860. 30 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 233, 688. 13 Net total expended -------------------------------- 6, 858, 548. 43 Total' appropriations to date of this report------------------7, 075, 616. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I .--. $488;261.85 $543,992.24 . -- - Expended for maintenance 1-..... 1064. 23 5, 624. 92 $62, 809. 31 $34, 382. 91 $87, 332. 67 Total expended 1- .. . 493, 326. 08 544, 17. 16 62, 80931 34.382.91 87, 332. 67 Appropriated or allotted......... ..----------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ____------ --__ __-_ $287, 016. 01 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924___-____ __ 17, 384. 23 304, 400. 24 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance "_ -------------------------------------- 87, 332. 67 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-. --------------------- _ 217, 067. 57 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 1,682. 94 July 1, .1924, balance available_--------------------------- 215, 384. 63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project6 --------------- , 040, 000. 00 I 'Not deducting receiptss from sales,, etc. 2 Exclusiv~e of available funds. 598 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 10. WAPPOO CUT, S. C. Location cnd description.-Wappoo Cut is a narrow tidal water- way some 31/a miles long, connecting Ashley and Stono Rivers, S. C., and separating James Island from the mainland. The width be- tween banks varies from 150 to 500 feet, the average being about 200 feet. This cut is the first link in the inland waterway between Charleston, S. C., and Savannah, Ga. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1239.) Original condition.-Priorto beginning of improvement Wappoo Cut was a narrow, crooked, tidal stream, 51/4 miles long, and not over 2 feet deep in some places. Previous projects.-Noneby the United States Government. Prior to the Civil War the State of South Carolina dredged a cut, known as Elliot Cut, from one of the bends in Wappoo Cut to the Stono River, thus shortening the distance between Ashley and Stono Rivers by 1 mile. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel through the Ashley River bar 7 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, and for straightening, widening, and deepening to secure a fairly direct channel 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide to the Stono River. It includes 2 cuts through marsh to eliminate bends; con- structing 3 closing dams; revetting both banks of Elliot Cut; and building 2 training walls at the Stono River entrance. The mean tidal variation is 5.5 feet, which is increased to 8 feet under the in- fluence of winds or storms of long duration. The estimate of cost, as revised in 1888, was $88,000, including previous expenditures on this improvement. No estimate for annual maintenance is made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. (Annual Report for 1881, pp. 1070-1073.) The reo vision of the project is shown on page 1196 of the Annual Report for 1889. For map, see Annual Report for 1881, page 1072. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Small landings on the bank provide for local needs. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of benefit to planters hauling truck from the various farms along the coastal waterways and has resulted in opening up the intracoastal inside route. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Two of the closing dams had been completed in 1892; the third was found unnecessary, as the chan- nel to be closed had filled up. All dredging on the project was com- pleted in 1893. Revetment of the banks of Elliot Cut was completed in 1895. This so reduced the quantity of bar-making material that the training walls were found to be unnecessary. Project dimen- sions have been substantially maintained, except at the Ashley River entrance, where dredging has been required from time to time. At the close of the fiscal year this entrance had project depth over substantially the required width. The expenditures on existing project to date are $59,489.64 for new work and $19,984.23 for main- tenance, a total of $79,473.87. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHARLESTON, S. C., DISTRICT 599 Proposed operations.-Redredgingof the bar at the Ashley River entrance will be done during the fiscal year, using Government plant and hired labor. Funds for this work are available. Completion of the revetment work on Elliot Cut is being held in abeyance pending further observation as to its necessity, therefore no additional funds for this purpose are required for the fiscal year 1926. The amount that, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($3,000), will be applied to maintenance of the existing channel. Commercial statistics.-The commerce was principally farm prod- ucts, logs, gravel, sand, fertilizer, and general merchandise, the ship- ments of truck from the farms located south of this waterway being double that of the previous year. It was handled by boats and lighters drawing 6 feet and less. In addition to irregular boats from farms, there is one line that operates from Charleston handling freight by the Southern Railway, another connecting with the At- lantic Coast Line Railroad at Yonges Island and the Seaboard Air Line Railway at Fenwick Island, and one line operates between Charleston and Beaufort, handling freight for both rail and water shipment. Some freight from the west coast reaching Savannah by boat is brought by this line to Charleston and shipped to Miami by the Baltimore and Carolina, boats. This waterway is a part of the inland waterway between Charleston and Beaufort, and is used by many northern yachts in their trips to and from southern waters in winter and spring. An increase in logs from the Edisto River was due to the improvement in the market for construction material. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1918 -------. . 38, 868 $2, 282, 601 29, 802 1921---------- 20, 683 $762, 792 10, 559 1919--. 7, 591 972,072 18,740 1922 26,025 908, 536 10,275 1920 ......-----------. 9, 304 455, 754 16,324 1923,_---------- 57, 735 6,374, 100 38, 356 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ---------------------------------------- $59, 489. 64 Maintenance_-- _ --------------- 19, 984. 23 Net total expended-- 9, 473. 87 7------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------------83, 239. 22 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work__ --- - - Expended for maintenance .- - - -- $150. 00 $4, 108. 55 $2,476.10 Appropriated or allotted .......------- 8,000.00------------ 2, 500.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------------- $3, 765. 35 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- 3, 765. 35 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance----------------- 3, 000. 00 600 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITII THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 Reports on preliminary examinations and surveys required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of the following locali- ties within, this district were duly submitted by the district engi- neer. They wered reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in documents as indicated: 1. Preliminaryexamminatio and survey of Shipyard River, S. C.- Reports dated July 11, 1923, and April 5, 1924, with map, are printed in House Document No. 288, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented for the provision of a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water from deep water in Cooper River for a distance of about 1i miles above the mouth, generally 100 feet wide, with increased width at bends, and with a turning basin at the upper end of the same depth and 500 feet long and 250 feet wide, at an estimated cost ,of $55,000, with $1,600 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. 2. Preliminary exatmination and survey of Alligator Creek and Four Mile Creek, S. C.-Reports dated January 25, 1923, and Feb- ruary 19, 1924, with map, are printed in House Document No 237, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is pre- sented to the extent of providing a channel 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide in Four Mile Creelk, with a cut through the marsh to connect with the South Santee River, at an estimated cost of $51,000, with $1,000 annually for maintenance for the first two years and $500 annually thereafter, this improvement being recommended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Charleston Harbor and Cooper River, S. C., from the entrance to Sanders Creek, including Town Creek Channel. 2. Waccamaw River from Red Bluff, S. C., to Pireway, N. C., with, a iew to providing a 4-foot channel. 3. Cooper River, S. C., with a view to the removal of a shoal oppo- site the foot of Calhoun Street, Charleston. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT This district includes all watersheds and harbors in the State of Georgia tributary to the Atlantic Ocean, and Fernandina Harbor, Fla., St. Marys River, Ga., and Fla., and waterway between Beau- fort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla., and that part of South Caro- lina embracing the Beaufort, Broad, and Savannah River basins. District engineer: Col. F. W. Altstaetter, U. S. Army, retired, to July 18, 1923, Maj. Dan I. Sultan, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division Engineer: Col. Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, to June, 1924. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 601 IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Savannah Harbor, Ga----.. 601 7. Darien Harbor, Ga ....... 621 2. Savannah River below Au- 8. Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga . 623 -- gusta, Ga ____________ 607 9. Satilla River, Ga 625 3. Savannah River at Augusta, 10. St. Marys River, Ga., and Ga ---------------------- 610 Fla_-------_ 628 4. Savannah River above Au- 11. Altamaha River Ga ...----. 631 gusta, Ga ---------------- 612 1'2. Oconee River,. Ga---------- 634 5. Waterway between Beaufort, 13. Ocnmulgee River, Ga------ 637 S. C., and St. Johns River 14. Brunswck Harbor, Ga ___ 640 Fla_________------- 614 15. Fernandina Harbor, Fla-__ 644 6. Sapelo Harbor, Ga --------- 619 1. SAVANNAH HARBOR, GA. Location and description.-This harbor is from entrance to en- trance of harbors 75 statute miles south of Charleston Harbor, S. C., and 70 statute miles north of Brunswick Harbor, Ga., and comprises the lower 20 miles of the Savannah River, Tybee Knoll, Tybee Roads, and Tybee Bar, a total distance of 271/2 miles, and varies in width from 500 to 2,500 feet. (See UT. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1111.) Original condition .- The harbor extended from deep water be- yond the bar to Savannah, a distance of 24 miles, with controlling depths of 13 feet on the bar and 10 feet to the city wharves at mean low water. The channel was narrow and obstructed by wrecks, logs, snags, and piles. Savannah was the head of navigation for ocean-going vessels, though river steamers plied between Savannah and Augusta. (See report on Savannah River below Augusta, Ga.) Previous project.-Projects or modifications of projects were adopted by Congress May 18, 1826; March 3, 1855; March 3, 1873; June 23. 1874; September 19. 1890; June 3, 1896; and June 13, 1902. The expenditures on these projects prior to 1912 were: For new work, $7,260,383.98; for maintenance, $298,894.26; total, $7,559,- 278.24. For scope of previous projects see page 1810 of Annual Report for 1915. Enisting project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep with a general width of 500 feet from the 30-foot contour in the ocean to the quarantine station, 10.2 miles; thence 26 feet deep with a general width of 400 feet to the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge, 16 miles; and thence 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide to the foot of Kings Island, 1.3 miles; a total length of 27.5 miles; for widening the 26- foot channel to 600 feet at West Broad and Barnard Streets; for an anchorage basin opposite Fort Oglethorpe by widening the 26-foot channel to 900 feet and installing mooring dolphins; closing South Channel by a rock dam 1,100 feet long and dredging a channel 0.75 mile between the main river and Habersham Creek, as a substitute for this portion of the inland waterway; and repairs and extension of training walls and jetties. The plane of reference is mean low water, which varies for differ- ent parts of the harbor. For the upper end of the harbor the mean range of tide is 6 feet, with an extreme of 8 feet, and for the lower end 7 feet and 9.5 feet, respectively. The tidal range has been 602 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 increased by the improvement about 0.9 foot at the lower end and 1.2 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $4,475,000. exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $350,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for works of regu- lation (Annual Report for 1873, p. 747) ; the act of March 2, 1907, made tentative provision for the 26-foot channel, generally 400 to 500 feet wide (H. Doc. No. 181, 59th Cong. 1st sess.), which was definitely adopted by the act of June 25, 1910; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 21-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the remaining features of the project (H. Doc. No. 1471, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published maps. Recoanmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The owners of the ferry using Screvens Cut contributed $500 for work in this vicinity under date of September 21, 1914. Under the 21-foot channel project the appropriation was made subject to the following condition (see fifth paragraph, p. 2, H. Doc. No. 563, 62d Cong., 2d sess.): "Provided that before the work is undertaken the city of Savannah will be required to accept the parcel of land near the upper end of the proposed improvement previously offered by interested parties and give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city will provide suitable terminal facili- ties thereat." The Secretary of War accepted the assurances sub- mitted by the city under date of October 15, 1912, as a compliance with the above act. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provides " that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement." The land for the Barnard Street widening has been donated. The city owns the land through which Habers'ham Cut was projected, and it is believed that the portion necessary for this cut will be donated when needed. Terminal facilities.---This improvement serves numerous wharves and piers owned by individuals and corporations, municipal wharves, and the terminals of three trunk-line railways and two ocean steam- ship companies, making a total developed wharf frontage (excluding slips or docks) of about 5 miles, of which 3 miles is owned by railways, 1.8 by individuals and corporations, and 0.2 by the city of Savan- nah, and of which total amount about 3 miles is open to the public on equal terms. The Ocean Steamship Co. and others have wharves and piers with reinforced-concrete bulkheads, but the prevailing type of construction.is the pile-and-timber wharf or pier fronting on docks and the main channel. The use of docks or slips is especially note- worthy, there being eight with a total perimeter of 3.5 miles. There are two small privately owned marinerailways for repairing vessels of moderate size and one privately owned marine railway for repair- ing vessels of a maximum of 3,000 tons (not in good repair). The city has purchased 1.5 miles of unimproved water front along the section of the harbor under improvement with a view to future RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAIH, GA., DISTRICT 603 development. Three large oil companies have modern plants in the harbor, two of which provide fuel oil to vessels. Many of the present wharves are equipped with mechanical unloading devices for han- dling bulk cargo ; all have direct connection with the railways, and all but those on Hutchinsons Island have street or highway connection. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Since the improvement was inaugurated, water-borne commerce has been greatly facilitated. There has been a great increase in tile amount of commerce of this port. Ships drawing 29 feet 9 inches have cleared from this port, while formerly 16 feet was the limit. The tonnage and value have correspondingly increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenancedredging by Government plant and hired labor was in progress on the 21-foot section of the channel for 2 months and 11 days, and on the 26-foot and 30-foot sections for the entire year, resulting in the removal of 5,214,877 cubic yards between the foot of Kings Island and the sea. Improvement dredging by Government plant resulted in the removal of 1,142,197 cubic yards from Tybee Knoll, Tybee Roads, and Tybee Bar in the 30-foot section of the channel. In addition to this con- tract dredging on the widening of the harbor opposite the foot of Barnard Street, Savannah, began February 18, 1924, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. On June 30, 1924, 36,556 cubic yards had been removed. The outer 5.300 feet of Oyster Bed Island training wall was raised to mean high water by placing 101,027 tons of stone. Construction of mooring dolphins opposite Fort Oglethorpe was started May 31, 1924, and was 3 per cent com- pleted at the end of the fiscal year. The contract price is $15,875. The expenditures for maintenance were $498,364.12 for dredging, office expenses, surveys, and superintendence. The expenditures for new work were $367,285.70 for dredging, training-wall work, moor- ing dolphins, office 'expenses, surveys, and superiitendence. The total amount expended was $865,649.82. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 76 per cent completed. The 21-foot section of the channel was completed in 1921, the controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year being 20 feet at mean low water over a width of 200 feet. The 26-foot section of the channel has been dredged to project dimensions for the entire section at different times, but never throughout at the same time. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 25 feet over a width of 175 feet in the 30-foot section, and 25 feet over a width of 200 feet in the 26-foot section. Due to shoaling, constant mainte- nance dredging is necessary. Widening of the harbor at Barnard Street is 22 per cent completed, and mooring dolphins opposite Fort Oglethorpe, with a depth of about 26 feet at mean low water along- side, and 400 feet in length, has been 3 per cent completed. Oyster Bed Island training wall has been raised to mean high water over the outer 5,300 feet of its length. The training walls and spur dikes are in poor condition and require refilling and repairs. To complete the project and restore depths where shoaling has taken place (allow- ing 1 foot for overdepth dredging) requires the removal of 115,260 604 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 cubic yards of material from the 21-foot section of the channel, 1,322,960 cubic yards from the 26-foot section, and 2,262,742 cubic yards from the 30-foot section, a total of 3,700,962 cubic yards, and the following additional items: (a) Part of Barnard Street widening. (b) Oglethorpe mooring basin. (c) Repairs to training walls. (d) Repairs to "jetties. (e) Rock dam across South Channel. (f) Dredging Habersham Cut. (g) Part mooring dolphins. The expenditures under the: existing project were $3,389,571.36 for new work and $4,180,913.31 for maintenance, a total of $7,570,484.67. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, as follows: Operation and repair of one seagoing dredge, 10 months_._ $150, 000. 00 Operation and repair of one seagoing dredge, 6 months 125, 000. 1------_ 00 Operation and repair of one 20-inch pipe-line dredge, 10 months_ 140, 000. 00 Operation and repair of one 20-inch pipe-line dredge, 9/: months_ 119, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge, 1 month .- 8, 000. 00 Completing widening channel at Barnard Street (by contract)___ 100, 000. 00 Constructing mooring dolphins opposite Fort Oglethorpe (by con- tract) __-- ------------------------------- 16, 500. 00 Repairs to training walls and bank protection (by contract or by Government plant and hired labor, as is more advantageous to the United States) ----------------------------------------- 200, 000.00 Engineer yard, surveys, office expenses, contingencies, etc ----- 195, 100. 67 Total --------------------------------------------- 1,053, 600. 67 Government plant and hired labor will be used in the execution of the above work, except as noted above, the total expenditures being about $105,400 per month. All available funds will be exhausted by April 30, 1925. It is proposed to operate one 20-inch pipe-line dredge and one seagoing -dredge continuously for 10 months, beginning July 1, 1924; one 20-inch pipe-line dredge for 91/2 months, beginning July 16, 1924; one seagoing dredge will begin operations about November 1, 1924, and continue for 6 months. One 12-inch pipe-line dredge will operate during the month of April, 1925. Contract dredging on widening the channel at Barnard Street will be continued and be completed about October 14, 1924. Construction of mooring dol- phins by contract will be completed about July 27, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($1,271,800), will be applied to improvement and maintenance, as follows: Operation and repair of one seagoing dredge, 12 months $210, 000 Operation and repair of one seagoing dredge, 6 months_ 100, 000 Operation and repair of two 20-inch pipeline dredges, 12 months each_ 330, 000 Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipeline dredge, 1 month ...... 8,000 Repairs to training walls and bank protection --- 452, 000 Engineer yard, surveys, office expenses, contingencies, etc.___---.. 171, 800 Total .... 1,271, 800 Of the above amount, $500,000 will be applied to maintenance dredging on the 21, 26, and 30-foot channels; $271,800 to new work RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 605 on the 30-foot channel; and $500,000 to repairs to training walls and bank protection. The maintenance funds for dredging are larer than the average for the preceding five years, to care for accumulated maintenance from previous years, and because more plant will be available. Those for repairs to training walls are large on account of neglect of this part of the project for many years. Commercial statistics.-Foreigntraffic included 35 per cent of the tonnage and 21 per cent of the value of the entire commerce of the harbor, and consisted principally of food products, textiles, minerals, chemicals, other vegetable products, and wood and paper; coastwise traffic included 55 per cent of the tonnage and 77 per cent of value and consisted principally of minerals, lumber, chemicals, textiles, and unclassified materials; other domestic traffic included 10 per cent of the tonnage and 2 per cent of the value of the, entire commerce, and consisted principally of minerals, animal products, lumber, vegetable food products, and unclassified materials. The character of the commerce is varied, and no particular class is carried in any special type or draft of boat. All commerce moved over the entire portion of the harbor under improvement, except the local traffic, which used only the upper 1i: miles of the harbor. The commerce for 1923, except exports, shows a general increase, in keeping with the better conditions in business. Regular steamboat schedules were maintained on the inside waterway and to northern, southern, and foreign ports. The commerce for the last five calendar years is as follows: Comparative statement Floated logs Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919-- - -.... . .. _________.. - .... . . ___.--..... 1,714, 292 $597, 109.148 22,035 $218,132 1920.... ........------------------------------------- 2, 147,978 608, 332, 823 19, 195 285,328 1921 . --------------------------------------. . .. .. 1,545, 906 361, 742, 508 38, 078 213, 461 1922-- 2,017,298 - ------------------------------------- 407, 611, 863 84,425 312,384 1923.... .... .-.. 1923------------------------------------------ 392, 664 -2,2,392,664 457,003',050I 457, 003,050 98, 634 9,64 40 324 420, 2 Additional trafic Traffic across river Cargoes in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 1 ---------------------------------------------------------- 305,462 $51, 835, 110 1920 ---------------------------------------- 34, 989 $25,857, 750 827,684 234, 637, 016 1921--------------------------------------------- 25,869 15, 521, 400 599, 623 77, 325, 023 1922 ---------------------------------------- 26,703 14 686,650 879,478 116,147,079 1923---------- ----------------------------- 30,789 15,394, 500 1,171,845 136,060,42 1 A complete report could not be obtained for 1919. 606 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Limits of draft of vessels, percentage of tonnage, and value of traffic for calendar year 1923, is as follows: Limits of Percent- Percent- Class of trade draft age of age of (feet) total total tonnage value Animal and animal products, except wool and hair- -............ - 8-20 21 3 Vegetable food products, oil seeds, expressed oils, and beverages 18-22 10 8 Other vegetable products, except fibers and wood-.................. 18-28 5 2 Textiles------------ ------ .... .. ... . . .. --- ------------- ------- 18-28 7 32 Wood and paper............................... 16-28 11 2 Nonmetallic minerals --....... ----------- ...... ..__.. . 15-28 27 2 Ores, metals, and manufactures, except machinery and vehicles 15-22 2 1 Machinery and vehicles i-- -. .I 18-22 Chemicals..---------------.......... --.....------------------ 18-28 Unclassified ...- halffp........... c..... .......... ____.__. .--- 1 15-22 20 46 1Less than one-half of 1 per cent in tonnage and value. Financial sumlmari? Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing-receipts from sales, etc, :amounting to $189,923.11 New work------- ------------ $10, 649, 955. 34 Maintenance--------------------------------------------4, 479, 807. 57 Net total expended 15, 129, 762. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report 16, 183, 363. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 192 Expended fornew work 1-- -_- 059. 46 $269, 901. $435, 73 $84,101. 32 95 387. $179, $367, 70 285. Expended for maintenance 1 479, 230. 95 489, 493. 51 307, 429. 67 614, 131. 79 498, 364. 12 Total expended 1--.. -. 748, 290. 41 925, 395. 24 391,530. 99 793, 519. 74 865, 649. 82 786, 500. 00 Appropriated or allotted-....-... 545, 000.00 900, 000.00 850, 000. 00 694, 000. 00 "July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ $1,129, 518. 42 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------ 694, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 95, 732. 07 1, 919, 250. 49 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work___ 285. 70 $-----------------------------367, For maintenance ---------- --- ...- 498, 364. 12 865, 649. 82 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended______----- 1, 053, 600. 67 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities -43, 586. 40 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__------------------------------ 116, 322. 70 -_- 159. )09. 10 July 1, 1924, balance available_ 893, 691. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------- 69000. 00 96-------------9 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. . 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 607 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work--------------------------------------- $500, 000.00 For maintenance----------------------------------------- 1771,800. 00 -- Total _____ 11, 271, 800.00 2. SAVANNAH RIVER BELOW AUGUSTA, GA. Location and description.-The Savannah River (see U. S. Geo- logical Survey maps of South Carolina and Georgia) is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers on the northwest- ern part of the South Carolina-Georgia boundary line. It flows southeast, forming the boundary line, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean 204 miles from its source, the distance by river being about 314 miles. Its drainage basin has an area of 11,000 square miles. The ordinary summer low-water discharge at Augusta is 4,520 second-feet; the extreme low-water discharge, 2,000 second-feet; and the extreme flood discharge, 370,000 second-feet. The river is at or below the ordinary summer low-water stage on an average of 157 days per year, the low stages usually occurring during the late summer and fall. From Augusta to Savannah the low-water slope is fairly uni- form and averages 0.56 foot per mile. The current is moderate. The width between banks averages 335 feet. On ordinary low water the tide is propagated up to Ebenezer Bluff, 50 miles from the mouth. Original condition.-The river was navigable to Augusta, 218 miles by water above the mouth, for the greater part of the year for steamboats drawing 4 to 5 feet, but during the low-water season there were various shoals in the upper portion of the river, with low- water depths of not more than 2 or 3 feet. The other obstructions consisted of overhanging trees, snags, and sunken logs. Previous project.-Adopted by the fiver and harbor act of March 3, 1881. There was expended on the previous project prior to 1890 $93,480.09. A subdivision between new work and maintenance is not possible. For scope of previous project see page 1813 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for a navigable steamboat chan- nel 5 feet deep (the width not specified) at ordinary summer low water from Savannah, 17 miles from the mouth, to Augusta, Ga., a distance of 201 miles, to be obtained by the use of contraction works, the closure of cut-offs, bank protection, removal of snags, overhang- ing trees and wrecks, and the dredging of troublesome bars, by the use of a Government-owned dredge built especially for this work. The tidal variation at the mouth of the river is 7 feet, and the freshet variation at the head of the improvement is approximately 18 feet ordinarily, with an extreme of 35 feet. The original estimated cost of the new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $331,884, later modified or added to by an amount of $380,000, making a total estimate made in 1910 for new work of $711,884. The latest approved estimate, made in 1916, of annual maintenance is $30,000. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 10710---ENG 1924 --- 39 608 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the im- provement of the total stretch of river (H. Doc. No. 255, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the special improve- ment, by bank-protection work, of 20 or 25 miles of river imme- diately below Augusta (H. Doc. No. 962, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1243, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Reconmmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-TheI State of Georgia and private interests expended about $15,000 on improvement works of a temporary char- acter before improvement was undertaken by the United States. There has been no other local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-The only water terminals served by this im- provement are at Augusta and at or near Savannah. Along the river there are numerous natural landings, without wharves or railway connections, but with small sheds constructed for freight storage. On the lower portion of the river from the upper limits of Savannah Harbor to 5 miles above there are six private wharves with a total frontage of 1,935 feet. These are of the open pile-and-timber type and have highway and rail connection. The terminal facilities on this improvement are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Logs are rafted down the river and the lower 2 miles is used by ocean-going vessels. Steamboat service is now being carried on between Savannah and Augusta. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations with the U. S. snag boat Tugaloo were started July 1, 1923, and completed December 31, 1923, also some emergency snagging was done during the month of June, 1924, all of which resulted in clear- ing the river of the worst snags between Savannah and Augusta. Bank protection at Canoe Cut was extended 900 feet upstream from the original bank paving, and both the original and new work were planted with willow sprouts. The training wall, " One Mile Shore Protection," just above Canoe Cut. and on the opposite side of the river, was partially repaired by refilling between the present piles with brush fascines and rock and constructing spur dams in the rear. The work is being done by Government plant and hired labor. The entire expenditure, including office expenses, was $38,987.91, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915. Some of the contraction works and many of the shore-protection dikes require refilling and repairs. The controlling depth in April, 1924, was 4.3 feet at a stage of 7 feet on the Augusta city gauge, which is the stage assumed as ordinary summer low water, upon which the project is based. With the river at 4.6 feet on this gauge, which is the low-water plane determined by the rule given in section 5 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, the controlling depth is about 2.8 feet. The expenditures under the present project have been: $645,566.56 for new work and $405,662.68 for maintenance, a total of $1,051,229.24. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 609 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June, 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor as follows: Operation and repair of 1 snagboat 8 months, and care of same 2 months 000. 00 $------------------- Repairs to training walls -------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Overhead and contingencies - -- - - 9, 790. 67 Total- ---- 49, 790. 67 Snagging operations will begin about July 1, 1924, and be conl- pleted February 28, 1925. Repairs to training walls will begin July 1, 1924, and be carried on as stages of river and schedule combined with other work will permit. It is expected that the funds available July 1, 1924, will be exhausted April 30, 1925. The amount that can profitably be expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($34,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows : Operation and repair of 1 snagboat 8 months and care of same 4 months ------------------------------------------------------- $21, 00 Repairs to training walls and bank protection__- 5, 000 Overhead and contingencies - S, 000 Total ______________ 34, 000, Government plant and hired labor will be used in the execution of the above work. The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the preceding five years is necessary to restore project depths where shoaling has occurred, and to, clear the, channels for the in- creased traffic over this part of the river. Commercial statistics.--Limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic are as follows: Feet Wood and paper __--- 2-4 Nonmetallic minerals - - - 2-4 General merchandise __--- -- - 3-5 A sugar refinery is located 2 miles above the limits of the Savan- nah Harbor on the Savannah River, and the sugar imported and exported over the Savannah Harbor to and from this refinery in the amount of 160,177 short tons, valued at $26,820,823, is reported in the statistics for Savannah Harbor. The principal articles of commerce for the calendar year 1923 were sand, vegetable products, chemicals, textiles, and general merchandise. The commerce for the last five calendar years is as follows: Comparati~e statement Floated logs Calendar year - Passengers Tons Value 1919_ 25, 260 $270, 765 - 19 2 0 . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . 13,711 203, 650 -_---...... 1921.. .. .. ... .. .. ... .... 30, 078 168, 461 200, 1922 ........----------------- 50,944 173, 257 200 1923 ._.......... -...... ..... 81, 124 340, 720 600 610 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial sumnmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,807.45: New work -------------------------------------------- $739, 046. 65 Maintenance________________________-------------- 405, 662. 68 Net total expended -------------- 1, 144, 709. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------_ 1, 194, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1 $20, 415. 00 $37, 845. 16 $8, 329. 39 $18, 663. 64 $38, 987. 91 Appropriated or allotted .-- - . - -.. - 12, 500. 00 67, 000. 00 26, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- $62, 227.94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 -------------------------------------------- 26, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 550. 64 88, 778. 58 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1--- -------------- 38, 987. 91 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 49, 790. 67 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----- 5, 598. 48 July 1, 1924, balance available---- --- 44, 192. 19 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 34, 000. 00 2__ 3. SAVANNAH RIVER AT AUGUSTA, GA. Location and description.-The city of Augusta is situated at the point where the slope of the river changes from a steep to a gradual incline. It is located 218 miles by water from the mouth of the Savannah River, for location and description of which see report on Savannah River below Augusta, Ga. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Original condition. This locality is subject to sudden and severe floods. These floods were damaging to the city, and a loss of bank generally occurred. The city has built an extensive and costly pro- tective levee, which is close to the river bank along the city front and extends from the upper limits of the city to Butlers Creek on the Savannah River, a total distance of 11 miles. The river front at, Augusta was unprotected other than by a natural growth of trees and bushes. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the river bank in front of the city of Augusta from East Boundary Street to the down- stream wing wall of the King Mill Tailrace, a distance of about 3 miles, by grading and stone paving to approximately 18 feet above ordinary low water. The ordinary freshet reaches a height of about I- Not; deducting receiptsx from 2 EIIxclusive of availablee funs. sales, etc. RIVERS AND -HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 611 18 feet above low water, with an extreme height of 39 feet. Original estimated cost of this project, made in 1916, for new work, is $403,000. No estimated cost of annual maintenance has been made, such main- tenance as has been necessary in the past having been taken care of from small amounts left from the original appropriations. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the protection of:the river bank from Hawkes Gully to Fifth Street (H. Doe. No. 487, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the protection of the river bank from Fifth Street to East Boundary Street (H. Doec. No. 1319, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the protection of the bank from the east wing wall of the King Mill Tailrace downstream for a distance of about 850 feet (R.and H. Com. Doe. No. 4, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). Latest published map of this work is found in House Document No. 615, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The original project was adopted with an appropriation of $125,000, on condition that the city or other local agency should contribute a like amount. The work was completed in accordance with this condition, the city having deposited $125,000 with the Treasurer of the United States on January 11, 1911. In adopting the extension from Fifth Street to East Boundary Street the same conditions were incorporated. The city, as before, complied with this condition by depositing $60,000 on December 15, 1913. The second extension from the King Mill Tailrace to 850 feet below was adopted without any conditions of local or other cooperation. Terminal facilities.-The city of Augusta owns and operates, on equal terms to all, a wharf and warehouse equipped with electrical elevator and locomotive crane which have direct physical connection with the railways and streets of the city. The wharf is of the treated timber bulkhead type with earth fill protected by paving stone. There are no other terminal facilities at Augusta. The present facil- ities are considered ample for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.--The effect has been to protect the caving banks along the Augusta city front and thus reduce the shoaling in the channel below. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. The expenditures were $339.02 for office expenses, etc., all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918. All work under this project is now in fairly good condition and has resulted in the protection of the water frontage of Augusta. The expenditures under the existing project have been as follows: New work Maintenance Total United States funds ----------- - --------------- ----- $200,556.30 $16, 187. 83 $216,744.13 Contributed funds ................... --------------- 172, 150.72 12, 849. 28 000. 00 185, Total---------------------------.-. 372, 707. 02 29, 037. 11 401, 744. 13 612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 PToposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924 ($3,255.87), in maintaining the existing bank protection, etc., as needs present themselves, using Government plant and hired labor, including office expenses, contingencies, sur- veys, etc. It is not expected that any additional funds will be required dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. Commercial statiticsie.-See report for Savannah River below Augusta, Ga. Financialsunmay Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $198.75: New work----------------------- $200, 556. 30 Maintenance ... 16,187.83 Net total expended --------------------------------- 216, 744.13 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------220, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 ..... ... ...... ....... . i. .. ..-- ~~- -~ . . Expended for new work -- ; Expended for maintenance' $1, 349. 10 . . . $672.47 . . . $3, 828. 30 . - -----.... $398.56 --.......... $339.02 Appropriated or allotted------------------------ 2, 000.00---------2,0 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------$3, 594.89 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 339. 02 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 3, 255. 87 4. SAVANNAH RIVER ABOVE AUGUSTA, GA. Location and descript'on.-Forthe location and description of the Savannah River see report on Savannah River below Augusta. (See U. S. Geological Survey maps of South Carolina and Georgia.) This portion is nontidal and is 96 miles long, but the improvement work extends only from the Augusta city dam 226 miles by water from the mouth of the river and 8 mile above Augusta to Petersburg, 272 miles from the mouth and just above Broad River. The pond above the city dam makes direct connection with a navigable power canal to the city of Augusta, but this canal has no connection with the river below the dam. The canal is owned and maintained by the city of Augusta. The fixed dam of the Georgia-Carolina Power Co. crosses the river about a mile above the city dam. It is equipped with a lock and provides slack-water navigation for a distance of about 13.5 miles. The fixed power dam at Gregg Shoals, 18.5 miles below the forks, is not equipped with a lock, but the permit provides for the construc- tion of a suitable lock at such time as deemed advisable in the inter- est of navigation. The current in those portions of the river not affected by slack water above dams is very swift, the average slope being 4.1 feet per mile, with a maximum of 71 feet in 5 miles. The RIVERS AND IIARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 613 average width between banks is about 400 feet. Navigation is im- practicable from the river below Augusta to the river above Augusta. Original condition.--Navigationwas carried on by boats of about 2 feet draft loaded, but was very difficult at low water on account of the rapids, shoals and rocks, snags, and similar obstructions. Navi- gation was carried on throughout the entire length, a distance of 96 miles. Previous projects.-There was expended prior to 1892 on the project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, $39,000, all of which was for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1813 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the establishment of a down- stream channel 12 to 25 feet in width, navigable during ordinary summer low water for pole boats drawing 2 feet, and of an upstream channel navigable for pole boats drawing 1.3 feet of water, between Augusta, 218 miles from the mouth of the river, and Petersburg, 54 miles above. This is to be obtained by removing logs and overhang- ing trees, excavating rocks, sand, or gravel, and with excavated ma- terials raising crests of ledges, constructing training walls to increase the flow of water through sluices. The ordinary fluctuations are about 9 feet with extreme of 30 feet. The estimated costs, made in 1892, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $33.,000. No estimate for maintenance has been mnade. The existing project was adopted by Congress July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 213, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 1484). The latest published map is found in House D)ocument No. 1934, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended rmodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Georgia and private interests ex- pended about $30,000 on improvement works of a temporary char- acter before improvement was undertaken by the United States. There has been no other local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There are no,wharves or terminals along this waterway, the freight being delivered at numerous natural, unim- proved landings on the river bank which in general connect with some highway. These facilities are considered sufficient for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to render navigation safer and easier, but so far as known it has not caused any material reduction in freight rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There was no op- erations or expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscall year.-The existing project is about 91 per cent completed. Owing to the construction of two power dams, which have submerged much of the work accomplished under the present and former projects, this improvement can not be completed as originally planned. The controlling depths at ordinary summer low water at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: Eight feet from Augusta to the Augusta Damn (through the Augusta Canal), 7 miles, thence 3 feet to, the Georgia-Carolina, Power Dam, thence 25 to 1.5 feet to the head of the pond of the Georgia-Carolina Power Dam, thence 1.5 feet to Petersburg, 32 miles, which point is the upper limit 614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1.924 of improvement. These depths are practicable throughout the year except during October and November, the usual low-water months. The ,expenditures under the existing project have been $30,599.99 for new work and $3,870.01 for maintenance, a total of $34,470. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to, apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924 ($2,000), to maintenance in removing bowlders, etc., from, the channels, using Government plant and hired labor; for daily observations of river stage, inspections, and for supervision of traffic and the supervision of the use of water by power plants. The work will be done when the stage of the river permits. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient for such work as will be required before June 30, 1926, when the funds will be ex- hausted. Commercial statistics.-There was no traffic carried on over the Savannah River above Augusta during the calendar' year 1923. Prior to 1922 the commerce of this waterway consisted principally of lumber and cotton. Low prices of lumber and the boll weevil are the prime causes for discontinuing traffic. The commerce for the last six calendar years is as follows: Calendar year Tons Value Calendar year Tons Value 1918-.....-- -------------- 3,560 $235,659 1921 323 $21, 422 1919- 2,876 163,650 1922 1920 .3, 1920--- 3. 937 98,157 1923 --------------------.--.------------ Financial sumnmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work--- $69, 599. 99 Maintenance - _ ----------------- 3, 870. 01 Net total expended -------------------------- 73, 470. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report__ 75, 470. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work e--- .-----------$2, 170. •-ot- Expended for maintenance------.; 80i._ 970.00 $319. 57- ------ ------- $68. 25 ---- ----..- $160.26 Total expended-- -- - - 3, 140. 80 319. 57 68.25 160. 26 Appropriated or allotted ---- ----------- -------------- 2,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $2, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 2, 000. 00 5. WATERWAY BETWEEN BEAUFORT, S. C., AND ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-This waterway connects Beaufort, S. C., with St. Johns River, Fla., and offers intermediate connection with Savannah, Sapelo, Darien, Brunswick, and Fernandina Harbor, as well as with the rivers of Georgia which flow into the Atlantic Ocean. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1240, 1241, 157, and 158. It has a total length of 225 miles and a RIVERS AND HIARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 615 minimum width between banks of 150 feet. It consists entirely of tidal waters, little affected by fresh-water flow. In general, the route consists of natural waterways through low marshlands. Isolated artificial cuts have been made to shorten the route and to render greater protection at exposed localities. Original condition.-Priorto improvement there was considerable commerce by light-draft boats between Beaufort, S. C., and Savan- , nah, Ga. The controlling depth between Savannah, Ga., and Fer- nandina, Fla., was 3 feet at mean low water. There was no through navigable channel connecting Fernandina with St. Johns River, Fla. At many localities this waterway was tortuous, shallow, and con- siderably exposed. Previous projects.-There is no previous project for the section between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, Ga. The first improvement of the section between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and additional portions of this section were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1905. The first improvement of the section between the St. Johns River and Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla., was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 23, 1828. The project was modified by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. Under the previous projects prior to 1913 there was expended $292,062.51 for new work and $134,776.21 for maintenance, a total of $426,838.72. For scope of previous projects see pages 1821 to 1823 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water. The width of channel between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, Ga., is not specified, but it should be 100 feet in confined waters and 150 feet in open waterways; between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., the width is to be 150 feet; and between Fer- nandina, Fla., and St. Johns River, Fla., 100 feet. The project also provides for removing logs and snags from Generals Cut, Ga. The work is to be accomplished by dredging, supplemented by training walls as necessary. The route includes the special localities as fol- lows: Ramshorn Creek, Wrights River, Mud River, Skidaway Nar- rows, Creighton Narrows, Three Mile Cut, Little Mud River, Back River, Club and Plantation Creeks, Jekyl Creek, Kingsleys Cut, Gunnisons Cut, and Sisters Creek, and the following auxiliary chan- nels: Protected channels around St. Simons and St. Andrews Sounds, with a mean low-water depth of 3 feet; Generals Cut; and a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water through Cumberland River to the wharf at Dungeness at the southern end of Cumberland Island. The total length of this waterway is 225 miles. The mean tidal range between Beaufort, S. C., and Fernandina, Fla., is from 6 to 8.8 feet, and between Fernandina and St. Johns River, Fla., is from 4 to 6 feet, with fluctuations of 11/2 to 21/2 feet, due to winds and lunar phases. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1913 is $428,700, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. No estimate of total cost of maintenance was included in the present project. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, consolidated into " Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla.," the former separate projects of "Inland waterway between Sa- 10710-ENG 1924----40 616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 vannah, Ga., and Beaufort, S. C.," " Waterway between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla.," and " Channel between St. Johns River and Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla.' The separate projects, con- solidated into the existing project, were adopted as follows: River and Section harbor act NDo Congress Session Remarks approved- Inland waterway between June 3,1896 1295 53 3 Route No. 2 adopted. Savannah, Ga., and Beau- fort, S. C. Mar. 3, 1899 295 53 3 Route No. 1 adopted; a modi- fication of Route No. 2. Waterway between Savan- July 13, 1892 41 52 1 Original 7-foot channel. nah, CGa.,and Fernan- I dina, Fla. Mar. 3, 1905 1450 58 2 Provided for Skidaway Nar- rows. July 25, 1912 1 1236 60 2 Incorporated alternate routes previously improved as separate projects and the auxiliary channels. Channel between St. Johns Mar. 4,1913 898 62 2 No map published. River and Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla. 1 These documents contain the latest published maps. The river and harbor act, of March 2, 1919, provided for work in Generals Cut (H. Doc. No. 581, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and in Back River (H. Doc. No. 1391, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). These documents contain the latest published map of these localities. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1883 the Georgia & Florida Steamboat Co. contributed $5,000 toward making the cut through Romerly Marsh. In 1885, with the approval of the Secretary of War, private inter- ests deposited $22,108.77, which was used in continuing and com- pleting this improvement, the appropriation for the works having been exhausted. These interests were afterwards reimbursed. The rights of way for all cuts through marsh lands have been furnished free of cost to the United States. The first cuts through Gunni- sons Cut and Kingsleys Cut were made by private interests prior to improvement by the Government. Terminal facilities.-Exclusive of terminal facilities at the ports of entry this improvement serves 84 wharves, of which 30 are pri- vately owned but open to the public on equal terms; 7 are owned or leased by the Government and not open to the public; 23 are for exclusively private use; 6 are for steamboat company use exclu- sively; 1 is for railway use exclusively; and 17 are owned and op- erated by steamboat companies and individuals but open generally to public use. The total wharf frontage is 4,745 feet. Of these wharves 73 have highway connection and 1 has railway connection; 11 are located at Beaufort, S. C., and the remaining 71 are located at irregular intervals along the route. None have mechanical un- loading devices, and none are municipally owned or operated. With few exceptions these wharves are of the open pile-and-timber type. The Government wharf at Paris Island is built of steel piles with timber superstiructure, and four other isolated wharves are built of concrete piling with timber flooring. These facilities are consid- RIVERS AND HIARBORS-SAVANNAEH, GA., DISTRICT 617 ered ample for existing water-borne commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has greatly facilitated the water-borne commerce in vessels of moderate size by straighten- ing, widening, and deepening the natural channels, thus making navigation safer and easier, and by shortening the route by dredged cuts. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. Dredge Creighton worked on the project as follows: Sisters Creek, 9,744 cubic yards; Saw Pit Creek, 25,310 cubic yards; Cumberland Divid- ings, 30,228 cubic yards; Jekyl Creek, 141,431 cubic yards; Planta- tion Creek, 25,260 cubic yards; Three Mile Cut, 89,848 cubic yards; Little Mud River, 65,889 cubic yards; Fields Cut, 295,566 cubic yards; Ramshorn Creek Cut-off, 106,774 cubic yards; Ramshorn Creek, 42,369 cubic yards. Snagboat Tugaloo removed 2 logs from Fields Cut and Snagboat No. I removed 1 snag from Jekyl Creek, 56 snags from Mackays River, 22 snags from Three Mile Cut, 897 snags and 116 stumps from Generals Cut, and 3 snags from Little Mtid River. There was expended $56,625.80 for the, above work, office expenses, surveys, and contingencies, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.The existing project is 80 per cent completed. The section between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, Ga., was completed in 1900. The section between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., has been improved to the project depth by dredg- ing, supplemented by the construction of training walls and closure dams at a few localities at different times, but the dredged channels have generally been less than the project width. Protected channels around St. Simons and St. Andrews Sounds and channels at Three Mile Cut and Back River have been dredged and the auxiliary chan- nel at Generals Cut has been improved. The section between Fernandina, Fla., and St. Johns River, Fla., was completed in 1915. The improvement cuts have considerably shortened the original length of this waterway. The training walls and closure dams are in good condition. The controlling depths at mean low water for the following locali- ties, which comprise this waterway and auxiliary channels forming a part thereof, follow: Depth Date Depth Date Feet Feet Ramshorn Creek.______ 7. 0 June, 1924 Back River______________ 7. 0 June, 1923 Fields Cut ______ .. ___________ 9. 0 Jan., 1924 Plantation Creek_ 6. 0 Do. St. Augustine Crossing-.... 7. 0 Feb., 1923 Jekyl Creek ___--____- 6. 0 June, 1924 Skidaway Narrows ._____. 6.0 June, 1922 Cumberland Dividings_______ 7. 0 Do. Florida Passage .___________ 7. 0 Feb., 1923 Kingsleys Cut ______________ 7. 0 June, 1923 Creighton Narrows......._____ 6.0 June, 1924 Gunnisons Cut 7. 0 Do. Three Mile Cut...____.... __ 6. 2 Do. Sisters Creek__7. O Do. The work required for completion of the project consists of increasing channels to project width, in addition to such shoaling as may take place up to date of completion. The expenditures under the existing project have been $341,628.89 for new work and $358,030.51 for maintenance, a total of $699,659.40. 618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge for 7/2: months_ $54, 495.00 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies - - - 22,040. 03 Total----------------- 76,535. 03 The work will begin July 1, 1924, and will be continued on a schedule combined with work on other projects. All available funds will be exhausted on April 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($64,000), will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge for 7 months - $52, 000 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies - 12, 000 Total__6------------------------------------------------ 4, 000 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding five years is due to insufficient maintenance of this project during recent years. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Floated logs Total Year Tons Value Passengers Tons Value e Tons Value 1919 ._-213,548 $12,277,900 9,447 $141, 6600 212, 995 $12,419,500 77, 716, 1920 ------------------ 218,006 11,500, 500 33,406 781,0 00 251,412 12,281,500 111,000 1921 -------- '.. .- 216. 520 8, 165, 500 49, 588 309,3 300 266,108 8, 474,800 157,324 1922----------------- 291,800 7, 619, 900 5,343 89, 3300 297, 143 7,709,200 i 92, 248 1923 257,184 7, 029, 900 27, 883 86, 4400 285,067 7,116,300 150,822 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Class of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Lumber and lumber products (coastwise) 15-16 8 5 Lumber and lumber products (local) . -_ ----- ------------------------ j 4- 6 2- 6 43 1 Seafood -_ _-------------- -.--------- 23 21 _ Naval stores------------_--- ---- 7-9 i 3 i it The principal articles of commerce were lumber, lumber products, seafood, naval stores, and general merchandise. The commerce was carried over separate stretches of the route, partially overlapping each other but covering all portions under improvement. Many yachts and houseboats used this waterway. Regular daily steamboat schedules were maintained between the ports of entry and inter- mediate points on this waterway. Coastwise shipping of lumber was carried on from Kilkenny, about 12 miles from St. Catherine's Bar, schooners and seagoing barges of 15 and 16 feet draft being used. Decrease in tonnage and value due to decrease in shipments of wood products. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 619 Financialsummary Amount expended 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $25,671.85: New work_ $633, 691. 40 Maintenance 492, 806. 72 Net total expended - 1, 126, 498. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report ......- 1, 203, 033. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ..... $6,000.00 -.. . . . .. . . -. ... . . ... .. Expended for maintenance 1 47, 580. 39 51, 752. 80 35, 667. 70 4, 816. 88 56, 625. 80 Total expended 1----- 53, 580.39 51, 752. 80 35,667. 70 64, 816. 88 56, 625. 80 Appropriated or allotted- ---- 56, 000.00 31, 000.00 55, 000.00 34,000.00 68, 000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __ $43, 840. 97 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923__- -- - 16, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924__ - - - 68, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ........ 5, 319. 86( 133, 160. 88 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 -- __ 56, 625. 80 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended______________________ 76, 535. 03 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 10, 236. 12 July 1, 1924, balance available 66, 298. 91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2 87,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ......- 2 64, 000. 00 6. SAPELO HARBOR, GA. Location and description.m The entrance to this harbor is 36 statute miles south of Savannah Harbor entrance and 34 statute miles north of entrance to Brunswick Harbor, Ga. The commercial harbor is about 11/ miles in length, with a minimum width of 200 feet. It is situated on what is known as Front River, a deep tidal creek, 6 miles long, emptying into Sapelo Sound. The distance from the mouth of the river to the sea through Sapelo Sound is about 12 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1241 and 157.) Original condition.-Front River was obstructed by three bars, with a controlling depth on the outer one of about 13 feet, while the controlling depth on Sapelo Bar was about 17 feet. Previous projects.---None. Existing project. 'his provides for dredging a channel 150 feet wide and 17 feet deep at mean low water through the lower two bars in Front River. The mean tidal range on Sapelo Bar is 7 feet and in the harbor 71/2 feet. Estimated cost made in 1909 was $21,000. Annual cost of maintenance made in 1909 was estimated at $1,750. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 620 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 561, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Rcommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.- None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves two loading berths, consisting of three mooring dolphins each, with pile runs from shore., and two piers of the open pile-and-timber type, with a total dock- ing space of 675 feet. As there is no town here nor any railway or highway connection, these facilities serve merely the purpose of mooring vessels which load timber towed in raft form by tugs to the point of loading. These wharves and berths are owned and operated by lumber companies and are not open to general public use. These facilities are considered sufficient for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see HI. Doc. No. 652. 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this harbor has made it possible for vessels to load in the protected water of Front River and clear coastwise and foreign. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Creighton worked one day in the harbor and removed 1,105 cubic yards of material, obtaining a controlling depth of 15 feet. There was expended $200 for the above work, office expenses. surveys, and contingencies, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. The controlling depth as determined during June, 1924, is 15 feet. The expenditures have been $17,905.73 for new work and $16,357.21 for maintenance, a total of $34,262.94. Proposed operations.It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924 ($737.06), to office expenses, surveys, and contingencies. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted on April 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($9,000), will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge, one month ----- - $8, 000 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies------ 1, 000 Total ........------- -- - 9, 000 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding 5 years is due to the increased amount of maintenance re- quired. Commercial statistics.-Comparativestatement for the last 5 years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 -------------------------- 1, 288 $25, 800 1, 288 $25, 800 2, 576 $50, 600 1920___________________________ 2, 660 45, 500 3,460 59, 500 6, 120 105,000 1921------------------------ 14, 612 232, 000 6, 000 75, 000 20, 612 307, 000 1922...................... 18, 968 343, 000 None. None. 18, 968 343, 000 1923--------.......-------- - None. None. None. None. None. None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 621 No commerce was handled over this waterway during the year 1923. The port of Sapelo is used almost exclusively for lumber, and it appears that there was not at any one time during the calendar year sufficient lumber to furnish a complete cargo for a ship. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work__---- ---------------------------------- $17, 905. 73 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 6, 357. 21 Net total expended - -------------- 34, 262. 94 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 35,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work --------..............-------- Expended for maintenance-.. ._ $1, 350. 00 ------------- - ------------ -- - $11, 062. 94 - - $200. 00 Appropriated or allotted .. . ,------------- ~ _...... .. $12, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------$937. 06 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 200. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 37. 06 7-------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ---------------------------------- 19, 000. 00 7. DARIEN HARBOR, GA. Location and description. Darien Harbor entrance is 18.5 statute miles north of entrance to Brunswick Harbor, Ga. It comprises the lower 12 miles of Darien River, from the town of Darien, where the channel width is about 300 feet, to where the river enters Doboy Sound, where the channel width is about 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-It was obstructed at seven points by shoals, with low-water depths of from 6.3 to 10.6 feet. Between the shoals there was nowhere less than 12 feet at mean low water. Previous projects.-There was expended on this harbor in 1879 for dredging $8,000, appropriated by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, without any project having been recommended or adopted. For scope of previous projects, see page 1814 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of the seven shoals between Darien and Doboy, by dredging, to secure a depth of 12 feet at mean low water, and for the construction of wing dams at five of these shoals for maintaining the depth of the improved chan- nel. The width of the channel to be maintained was not specified, but should be 150 feet. The mean tidal range is 7 feet on the bar and 61/2 feet at Darien. The estimated cost made in 1890 of the im- provement, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was 1Exclusive of available funds. 622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1024 $170,000. No estimate was made for maintenance, though it was found that $2,000 annually would be needed. The existing. project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 260, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 1237). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1354, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves a 90-foot municipal wharf at Darien and a private wharf at Lower Bluff, the two having a total frontage of 690 feet, both of the open pile-and-timber type, and both open to the public on equal terms. Both wharves have street or highway connection. There is no railway connection, as the only railroad to Darien has been torn up. Neither wharf has mechanical unloading device. These facilities are considered ample for existing water-borne commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvenment.-This improvement has made it possible to ship lumber from Darien in vessels drawing up to 16 feet. Formerly this lumber had to be rafted to Doboy Island. Operations and results during fiscal year.--There were no opera- tions. There was expended $248.06 for office expenses, surveys, and contingencies, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1905. The wing dams are in poor condition. The con- trolling depth, as determined during June, 1924, is 9 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $136,793.21 for new work and $42,042.77 for maintenance, a total of $178,835.98. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924 ($3,529.98), to office expenses, surveys, and contingencies. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted on April 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($4,500), will be applied to maintenance dredg- ing, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge one-half month-__ $4, 000 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies _________-----------------500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 4, 500 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding five years is due to the increased amount of maintenance re- quired. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 - 30, 000 $475, 000 24, 673 $1, 584, 000 54, 673 $2, 059, 000 1, 000 1920_ 34, 000 850, 000 35, 246 1, 152, 600 69, 246 2, 002, 600 21, 075 1921L . . . 54, 389 11, 519, 500 54, 212 542, 000 108, 601 2, 061, 500 .2, 211 1922 1923. . . ________________________________________________o ..................... _________ 47, 457 1, 191, 800 684, 300 31, 407 41, 466 38, 990 623, 424, 900 400 88, 923 70, 397 1, 815, 700 1, 108, 700 I -- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 623 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money value follow: Class of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Lumber and lumber products (coastwise) 14-16 13 10 Lum ber and logs (local) ....... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2- 6 28 I 23 I I The chief articles of commerce were lumber and lumber products. All sea-going commerce, amounting to 13 per cent in tonnage and 10 per cent in value of the total commerce, passed over the entire por- tion of the harbor under improvement requiring the full project depth. All other commerce used primarily the upper six miles of the harbor. Decrease in tonnage and value due to decrease in shipments of wood products. Financial su.tmmaniary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work-__-_ -- _ -_ $144, 793. 21 Maintenance -_- -- - -- -_ 42,042. 77 Net total expended -- 186, 835. 98 Total appropriations to date of this report 190, 365. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - - Expended for maintenance $38. 33 $4, 221.96 $248. 06 Appropriated or allotted -- 8,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------- $3, 778. 04 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 248. 06 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended.-.------------------------- 3, 529. 98 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance _________________ 14, 500. 00 ______-- 8. FANCY BLUFF CREEK, GA. Location and description.-lThis waterway is tidal and practically unaffected by fresh-water flow. The portion, under improvement extends from South Brunswick River at the mouth of Fancy Bluff Creek, 21/2 miles west of Brunswick, Ga., up Fancy Bluff Creek to near its headwaters, and thence by a cut 1,200 feet long to the Little Satilla River. It has a length of 41/2 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 157.) Original condition.-There was no connection between Fancy Bluff Creek and the Little Satilla River. Prior to the Federal Govern- ment undertaking this improvement the county of Glynn, Ga., had made a cut to about the level of mean low water connecting them. Previous projects.-None. 1Exclusive of available funds. 624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERsS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for obtaining by dredging a 4-foot channel 50 feet wide at mean low water. The waterway has a length of 41/ miles. The mean tidal range is 7.2 feet, with minor fluctuations. The original and latest approved estimate of cost made in 1913 was $8,000. It was originally estimated that little or no maintenance would be necessary. However, experience indicates that $1,000 will be needed for this purpose about every three years. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doec. No. 1342, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto the undertaking of this improvement on the part of the Federal Government, Glynn County, Ga., as indi- cated above, had made a cut connecting Fancy Bluff Creek with Little Satilla River, the cost of which was about $2,500. This cut was incorporated in the improvement. Terminal facilities.-As this improvement is a short, detached cut which provides navigation between the Little Satilla and South Brunswick Rivers, neither terminal nor wharfage facilities have been built thereon and none is considered necessary. Effect of improvement.-Passenger and freight traffic from Little Satilla to Brunswick were made possible by the original cut and were materially facilitated by the deepening under the present proj- ect, which eliminates delays due to unfavorable tides. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During September, 1923, 6,000 cubic yards of material was removed by agreement. There was expended $1,200 for the above work, office expenses, surveys and contingencies, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth as determined during Septem- ber, 1923, is 4.0 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $8,000 for new work and $4,200 for maintenance, a total of $12,200. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work re- quired. It is expected that the condition of the channels will be such that no further work will be needed before June 30, 1926. Commercial statistics.--Comparative statement for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year -- Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 . 1,339 $217, 400 None. None. 1, 339 $217, 400 11, 000 1920---------------. 2, 649 156, 000 500 $10, 000 3, 149 166, 000 2, 500 1921- _ ---- 6, 100 175, 800 800 12, 400 6, 900 188, 200 2, 792 1922_ 4, 275 222, 100 2, 106 7, 800 6, 381 229, 900 2, 474 1923 .......------------------ 3, 418 212, 800 654 5,000 4, 072 217,800 2, 259 For the calendar year 1923 the usual limits of draft for loaded boats were from 3 to 5 feet for all classes of traffic of which the chief articles were lumber, lumber products, naval stores, and general merchandise. All commerce passed over the entire length of im- proved channel. Decrease in tonnage and value due to decrease in shipments of naval stores and wood products. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-SAVANNATI, GA., DISTRICT 625 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work _................... $8, 000. 00 Maintenance 4, 200. 00 Net total expended 12, 200.00 Total appropriations to date of this report 2, 200. 00 1-------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 ------------ Expended for new work Expended for maintenance $914. 85 _ ---- .--- I.... ..............- . 00$1, - - 200. 00 Appropriated or allotted ....... $1, 200. 0 ---------------------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ $1, 200. 00 June 30. 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 1, 200. 00 9. SATILLA RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The river has its headwaters in south- ern and southeastern Georgia, flows in a generally southeasterly di- rection, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean through St. Andrews Sound. Its length is about 350 miles, of which the lower 67 miles is tidal. The drainage area is 3,000 squ!are miles. That above Atkin- son, 93 miles from the mouth, is 2,200 square miles, the low-water flow at this place being 987 second-feet. The average surface slope on the lower 166 miles is 0.7 foot per mile. The width between banks on the nontidal portion varies from 60 to 250 feet, and the current is sluggish. The low-water stage is to be expected during the greater part of the period from July to November. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Original condition.-The river was navigated by ocean-going ves- sels as far as Owens Ferry, 30 miles from the mouth, the controlling depth being from 11 to 13 feet at mean low water. It was used by river steamers to Burnt Fort, 52 miles from the mouth, the control- ling depth being 6 feet. Rafting was carried on as far as Waycross, 166 miles from the mouth. The channels used by river and seagoing vessels were obstructed to a, considerable extent by snags. On the upper river there were a larger number of snags, logs, overhang- ing trees, besides cut-offs requiring closure. Previous proje'cts.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and similar obstructions from the mouth to Burnt Fort, a distance of 52 miles, and the removal of obstructions and the closing of incipient cut-offs from Burnt Fort to Waycross, a distance of 114 miles. The mean tidal range is 6.9 feet at the mouth and 3.4 feet at Burnt Fort. The freshet variation at Waycross is about 12 feet. The original and latest approved estimate of cost, made in 1912, was $20,000, divided equally between the two portions of the, river. The cost of maintenance for the first few years was included in the original esti- mate of cost. The existing project was {authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the improvement 626 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of the river from the mouth to Burnt Fort (H. Doc. No. 41, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the improve- ment of the river from Burnt Fort to Waycross (11. Doc. No. No. 1113. 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The. latest published map of the lower section is the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 450 and that of the second or upper section will be found in House )Document No. 1113, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local coaperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves 10 main loading points at which small wharves of the open pile-and-timber type are built, Varying from 50 to 400 feet in length, comprising a total of 1,800 feet of wharf frontage, and as far as known all are open to the public on equal terms. Numerous natural unimproved landings exist along the river. There are no municipal wharves and no tme- chanical unloading devices. All have highway, and two (the Sea- board Air Line Railwav Co:, at Woodbine, and the Refuge Lumber Co., at Refuge) have railway connections. These facilities are con- sidered sufficient for existing commuerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.--The improvement has extended steam- boat n~avigation to the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 93 miles above the mouth and 37 miles above the upper limit of steamboat navigation before the improvement. The, improvement has also made possible the rafting of timber at almost all stages of the, river. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The U. S. snagboat No. 1 was operated for 52 days, which resulted in clearing 32 miles of the river of snags from a point 23 miles above the mouth to a point 55 miles above the mouth. The expenditures were $1,312.86 for the above work, office expenses, and contingencies, all of which were for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.- The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depths determined during June, 1924, are as follows: The mouth to Owens Ferry, 9 feet: Owens Ferry to Burnt Fort, 6 feet; for 100 miles above Burnt, Fort, 3 feet. thence to Waycross, the head of navigation, 1 foot. These depths are at ordinary summer low water, except from the mouth to Owens Ferry, where the depth refers to mean low water. The expenditures under the existing project have been $9,451.59 for new work and $10,992.85 for maintenance, a total of $20,444.44. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one snagboat, 1/ nmonths_ $2, 500. 00 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies_ 1, 055. 56 Total __------------------- 3, 555. 56 3-------- The snagging will be done during February and March, 1925, when the available funds will be exh'austed. The amount that can be profitably expenlded during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($2,500), will be applied to necessary maintenance snagging, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS--SAVANNAIH GA., DISTRICT 627 Operation and repair of one snagboat, 2 months ----. $2, 000 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies _ 500 Tot-l 2, 50' The incre'ased cost of maintenance over the average for the past five years is due to the increased amount of maintenance required. Comm ercial statistics.--Comparative statement for the last five years is as follows: __ Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year .. . ..Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Value 1919_ 31, 544 $2, 585, 300 14,969 $268, 200 13 $2, 853, 500 653 1920 --.. 34, 677 1,149,100 29, 376 273, 200 53 1, 422, 300 580 1921 32, 049 1,037,600 18,048 122, 800 97 1, 160, 400 35 1922_ 31, 045 1,074, 600 18,000 50,000 15 1, 124, 600 45 1923_ 20, 623 1,043, 000 12, 000 50,000 23 1, 093, 000 130 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Classes of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Lumber. 16-18 31 12 Naval stores . .. 6-8 28 62 The chief articles of commerce were lumber, lumber products and naval stores. A weekly schedule was maintained by a small wooden steamer of about 7 feet draft over the lower 50 miles of river under improvement. Finnmcial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,002.07: New work----------- --- --- $9, 451. 59 Maintenance _---------- 10, 992. 85 Net total expended.- 20, 444. 44 Total appropriations to date of this report. . -- -_ 24,000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 - Expended for maintenance - ..... $1, 432. 55 $1, 016. 16 $1, 483. 84 $1,547.90- $1, 312. 86 Appropriated or allotted--- -- __---- 2, 500. 00 2, 000. 00 1, 500. 00 2, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------- --------------- $2, 242. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 --------------------------------------- -- 2, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-------------------- 625. 60 4, 868. 42 628 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance $1, 312. 86 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---- ------------- 3, 555. 56 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------__ --- 102. 50 July 1, 1924, balance available_ - -___________-________ 3, 453. 06 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 for maintenance------------------------2. 500 10. ST. MARY'S RIVER, GA. AND FLA. Location and descrption.-This river has its source in the Oke- fenokee Swamp and flows, first, in a southeasterly direction, and thence due north, thence in a southeasterly direction, and empties into Cumberland Sound about 3 miles north of Fernandina, Fla. It has a length of about 180 miles, the lower 80 miles being tidal. The drainage area is 1,300 square miles. The fresh-water discharge at the mouth during the low-water stage averages 2,000 second-feet. The low-water slope on the lower 55 miles averages 0.07 foot per mile. The width between banks on the lower 10 miles averages 1,000 feet; for the next 20 miles it averages 400 feet; and averages 150 feet near the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 55 miles from the mouth. The current on the nontidal portion is sluggish. The river is generally at the low-water stage from July to November. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Original condition.-The controlling depth at mean low water was 13.5 feet to Kings Ferry, 37 miles above the mouth, which was about the upper limit of navigation for seagoing vessels. To the Atlantic Coast Line bridge, 55 miles above the mouth, the upper limit of navigation at the time the improvement was begun, it was 46 feet; and to Traders Hill, 59 miles above the mouth, which was the upper limit of steamboat navigation in 1874, and is the upper limit to which improvement has been carried, the controlling depth at mean low water was 4 feet. The upper 4 miles were badly obstructed by snags and overhanging trees; below that there were comparatively few obstructions. Rafting of lumber was carried on in the lower 70 miles. Previous projects. -None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 17 feet deep at mean low water with a width of 200 feet from the mouth to Cran- dall, 12.5 miles, and for clearing the channel of snags to Kings Ferry, 37 miles above the mouth, and as much farther as may be practicable for a sum of $5,000. The mean tidal range is as follows: At the mouth, 5.9 feet; at the Atlantic Coast Line Railway bridge, 55 miles above the mouth, 1.4 feet, with minor fluctuations due to wind and lunar effects. Freshet fluctuations on the upper portions are about 10 feet. The original and latest approved estimate of cost, made in 1912, is $19,450. The latest approved estimate of cost. mlade in 1915, of annual maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doc. No. 697, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1 Notl dductingg receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAI-H, GA., DISTRICT 629 Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The city of St. Marys owns and maintains a wharf of 50 feet frontage. There are five private wharves having a total docking space of 909 feet on the city water front and two pri- vate wharves having a total docking space of 340 feet on North River, which lies on the north side of the city and empties into the St. Marys River a short distance below the city. One of these latter wharves is equipped with a marine leg elevator for handling fish. All wharves have highway or street connection and are served by the Atlanta, Waycross & Northern Railway. The city wharf is open to the public on equal terms. All others are for exclusively private use. These facilities are considered ample for existing water-borne commnerce. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No.652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impro vement.--The improvement has made it possible for seagoing vessels to complete their cargoes in the river. For- merly vessels after taking on a part of their cargo proceeded to Fernandina or Cumberland Sound, where the remainder of the cargo had to be lightered to complete the loading. Snagging has rendered navigation safer and easier. Operations (an,(d results during fiscal year.--Snagging opera- tions, with U. S. snagboat No. 1, were started April 14. 1924, and completed April 30, 1924, which resulted in clearing the river of snags from a point 23 miles above the mouth to a point 52 miles above the mouth. The expenditures were $1,501.34 for the above snagging and for office expenses, inspections, and contingencies, all of which were for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was coim- pleted in 1914. The controlling depths at mean low water are as follows: The mouth to St. Marys, 18 feet, determined during June, 1923; St. Marys to Kings Ferry, 141/ feet; Kings Ferry to Traders Hill, 59 miles (which is the head of navigation), 4 feet, determined during June, 1921. These depths are practicable through- out the year. The expenditures under the existing project were $15,688.36 for new work and $35,803.98 for maintenance, a total of $51,492.34. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and rental of one snagboat 11/2 months-- $1, 500. 00 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies--------------------- - 457. 66 Total -_ _-- - - _ 1, 957. 66 The work will be done during March and April, 1925, when the available funds will be exhausted. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($11,000), will be applied to necessary maintenance, dredging, and snagging, using Government plant and hired labor, as follow: Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge, I month _..-.-- $8, 000 Operation and rental of one snagboat, 2 months -------------- 2, 200 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies-------------------------------- 800 Total ---------------------------------------- 11, 000 630 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the past five years is due to the increased amount of maintenance required. Commercial s-tatistis.-Comparativestatement for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year . Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919-........ 30, 070 $1,636, 400 9, 624 $141, 200 39, 694 $1, 777, 600 1,200 1920 -...... 51, 673 1, 362, 400 13,000 180,000 64,673 1, 542, 400 1,000 1921 29, 579 535, 120 600 12,500 30,179 547,620 240 1922__ ....... 17, 476 451, 800 4,000 80,000 21,476 531,800 1,075 1923.......... 10, 717 441, 900 3, 695 36,400 14,412 478,300{ 1,250 ------------" The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Classes of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent I Per cent Lumber products (coastwise) 18-20 6 3 Lumber products (local) ................. 2-6 17 8 N av al stores .................................. 4-6 10( 29 S ea fo od ....- ... ._ ---- ---- .... --- .... .... 2-4 32 41 The chief articles of commerce were lumber, lumber products, naval stores, and sea food. All commerce was carried over the por- tion of river improved, the seagoing vessels using the lower 38 miles. An intermittent schedule was maintained on the lower 3T niles of the river by various gasoline launches engaged in carrying freight and passengers. Decrease in tonnage and value due to decrease in shipments of wood products. Financial stmmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work- $15, 688. 36 Maintenance - ..... 35, 803. 98 Net total expended ....................... 51, 492.34 Total appropriations to date of this report- 53, 450. 00 ---~ Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work --------- Expended for maintenance . $6, 462. 51 I-. . . $8, 800. 89 $11, 740. 11 $1, 501. 34 Appropriated or allotted I_ $9, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 1,500.00 1, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - $1,959.00 -- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 __--- -- 1, 500. 00 3, 459. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 1, 501. 34 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended - -- - -- 1, 957. 66 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------------------ 11, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available fnuds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRIICT 631 11. ALTAMAHA RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The Altamaha River is formed by the confluence of the Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers at a point known as The Forks, a little south of west of Savannah and 88 miles from it. The Altamaha flows to the southeastward and empties into the Atlantic Ocean by several mouths. Its entire length of 144 miles is under improvement. The lower 34 miles are tidal. The width be- tween banks averages about 450 feet. The current is moderate. The mean slope at low water is 0.68 foot per mile. The total drain- age area is about 15,000 square miles. The ordinary low-water dis- charge at The Forks is' about 3,500 second-feet, the maximum flood discharge about 260,000 second-feet, and the watershed about 11,100 square miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Georgia.) Original condition.-This river was used for navigation through- out its entire length, mainly at high stages. It was obstructed by rock ledges, sand bars, snags, sunken logs, and overhanging trees. The low-water depth on some of the bars was less than 1 foot, present datum. Previous projects.--Until the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers were consolidated by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, the improvement of each constituted a separate work. Prior to the present one, projects had been adopted and expenditures' made under them for the Altamaha River by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, and September 19, 1890. The first appropriation was made without formally adopting a project. Expenditures under previous projects for this stream were prior to 1912: For new work .- - $168, 813. 80 For maintenance 33,442. 39 Total -- - ---- 202, 256. 19 Maintenance work prior to project of 1890 is included in "New work." For scope of previous projects see page 1815 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an appropriation of $40,000 per year for the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, to be applied, following in general the methods which had been carried on under the previous project, to maintenance of 3-foot depth during ordinary summer low water and to the gradual increase on channel depth up to 4 feet so far as practicable without sacrificing the main- tenance work. These methods are the removal of rock shoals, snags. overhanging trees, and other obstructions; the closing of incipient cut-offs; the revetting of caving banks; and the use of spur dikes and training walls. The width of channel was not specified, but it should vary from 60 to 100 feet, according to locality. This project includes the entire Altamaha River, with a length of 144 miles. The tide at the mouth of the Altamaha River has a mean rise of about 6 feet. Above the tidal reach the extreme fluctuations due to floods attain a height of 15 feet above ordinary low water. No es- timated cost isof record. No estimate of cost for annual mainte- nance is of record. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 443, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest 632 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 published map of the Altamaha River see House Executive Docu- ment No. 283, Fifty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Three trunk-line railways cross this river. Transfer of freight between the railway and the river is practicable at Doctortown only, where a freight elevator handles commodities from the 200-foot open pile-and-timber wharf to the storage sheds on a grade with the railway tracks. Along the river there are numer- ous natural unimproved landings which connect with highways. There are no municipal wharves. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to enable navigation to be carried on safely at a stage of 1 foot lower than was possible before any work was done and to increase the depth on shoals by about 1 foot. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations by U. S. Snagboat No. 1 were carried on between January 9 and February 18, 1924, with some emergency snagging in June, which resulted in clearing the river of snags from Darien, 7 miles above the mouth, to a point 138 miles above the mouth. The expenditures were $13,605.42 for rebuilding the dredge Macon, and 1,888.53 for snagging, office expenses, inspections, gage readings, etc., a total of $15,493.95, all for maintenance. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project is of such a nature that the percentage of completion can not be stated. Chan- nel depths have been increased by the excavation of rock shoals and sand bars, by the construction of contraction and bank protection works, and by the closure of cut-offs. Navigation has been rendered safe by the removal of snags, etc. Many of the closing dams and contraction and bank protection works need refilling and repairs. The controlling depth, as determined during June , 1924, is about 1.5 feet at ordinary summer low water. This depth is practicable throughout the year, except during October and November, the usual low-water months. The expenditures under the existing project have been $103,864.52, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government Plant and hired labor, as follows: Operations and repair of one large snagboat, 5 months $10, 000. 00 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies 2, 054. 29 Total ----------- -------------------------------- 12, 054. 29 The snagging will be done on a schedule combined with other projects, and completed February 28, 1925, when the available funds will be exhausted. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($10,500), will be applied to necessary mainte- nance snagging, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one large snagboat, 4 months ._. $8, 800 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies_-- 1, 700 Total 10, 500 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 633 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding five years is due to insufficient maintenance of the project during recent years, and increased size of plant available. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year .- Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 28, 682 $409, 200 140, 682 !$10, 047, 700 185 1920_ -.---------.. 1921 ------------------- 85, 198 112,000 38, 591 $9,638,500 2, 237, 400 2, 975, 200 55, 561 54, 212 1, 104, 542, 000 000 94,1521 3, 341,400 139, 410 3, 517, 200 - -- 210 1922 ................ 85, 910 1, 957, 900 34, 845 540, 000 120, 755 2, 497, 900 -- ... _- 1923. ..-------------------- 97, 067 1, 609, 600 51, 788 432, 500 148, 855 2, 042, 100 The principal articles of commerce were lumber, lumber products, naval stores and general merchandise. Intermittent schedules were maintained by steamboats from Doctortown which is situated at the crossing of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway from Brunswick, Ga., to points near the head of this river. The decrease in value is due to decrease in value of wood products. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follows: Classes of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Lumber and lumber products .-.......... ... .. . .......- 2-4 1 55 Naval stores --------------------------------------------------- 2-4 1 6 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $172.75: New work--------------------------------------------- $168, 813. 80 Maintenance--- ---------------------------------------- 137, 306. 91 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 306, 120. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------318, 175. 00 Fiscal sear ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work...... ..-------------- Expended for maintenance1 $3, 797. 11 $3, 328. 17 $2, 357.05 $7, 293. 84 $15, 493. 95 Appropriated or allotted-------. 7, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 8, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------$15, 548. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved ------------------------------------------------ 12, 000. 00 June 7, 1924___ 27, 548. 24 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 15, 493. 95 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------------12, 054. 29 July 1. 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 151. 97 July 1, 1924, balance available -- - -- ------- 11,902. 32 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance -------------- 10, 500. 00 634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 12. OCONEE RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The Oconee rises about 60 miles north- east of Atlanta, Ga., and flows to the southeastward to its confluence with the Ocmulgee. It has a length of about 282 miles, of which the lower 145 miles, and also an isolated stretch 17 miles in Greene County, are under improvement. On the navigable portions the cur- rent is moderate, the average width between banks is 225 feet, and the low-water slope averages 1.07 feet per mile. The ordinary low- water discharge at Dublin, Ga., is about 1,100 second-feet and the maximum flood discharge is about 90,000 second-feet. Thl:e drainage area above the mouth is 5,200 square miles. Original condition.-This river was navigable for steamboats as far as Dublin, 78 miles from the mouth, and for rafting and logging as far as Milledgeville, 67 miles above Dublin. It was obstructed by rock ledges, sand bars, snags, sunken logs, and overhanging trees. The low-water depth on some of the bars was less than 0.5 foot, pres- ent datum. Previous projects.Until the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers were consolidated by the river and harbor act of March 2. 1907, the improvement of each constituted a separate work. Prior to the present one, projects had been adopted and expenditures made under them for the Oconee River by river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, September 19, 1890, and March 3, 1905. The first appro- priation was made without formally adopting a project. Expenditures under previous projects for this stream were, prior to 1912: For new work --------- 216, 418. 92 For maintenance ------------------ 37, 482. 91 Total---------------- --------------------------- 253, 901. 83 Maintenance work prior to project of 1890 is included in ";new work." For scope of previous project, see page 1815 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for an appropriation of $40,000 per year for the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, to be applied, following in general the methods which had been carried on under the previous project, to maintenance of 3-foot depth.during ordinary summer low water and to the gradual increase in channel depth up to 4 feet, so far as practicable, without sacrificing the main- tenance work. These methods are the removal of rock shoals, snags, logs, overhanging trees, and other obstructions, the closing of in- cipient cut-offs, the revetting of caving banks, and the use of spur dikes and training walls. The width of channel was not specified but it should vary from 60 to 100 feet, according to locality. This project includes the lower 145 miles of the Oconee River. At Dublin the ordinary fluctuations attain a height of 22 feet and the extreme fluctuations a height of 32 feet above ordinary low water. No esti- mated cost is of record. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance is of record. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (HI. Doc. No. 443, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) For the latest RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 635 published map of the Oconee River, see House Executive Document No. 211, Fifty-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Georgia and private interests expended about $53,575 on improvement works of a temporary char- acter before improvement was undertaken by the United States. There has been no other local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-Three trunk-line railways cross this river within the stretch under improvement. Transfer of freight between the railway and the river is practicable at Dublin only, where an in- dividual railway handles commodities from the small, open, pile- anid-timber wharf to the storage sheds on a grade with the railway tracks. Along the river there are numerous natural unimproved landings with highway connection. There are no municipal wharves. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The effect of the improvement has been to enable navigation to be carried on safely at a stage of about 1 foot lower than was possible before any work was done and to extend steamboat navigation above Dublin at times as far as Milledgeville, a distance of 67 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations with the derrick boat Sapelo were carried on from the beginning of the fiscal year to December 31, 1924, and with the Snagboat Macon from June 27 to 30, 1924, which resulted in clearing the river of snags between the mouth and 72 miles above, and repairs to training wall at Fish Trap Shoals. The expenditures were $7,749.57 for the above operations, $13,989.34 for rebuilding the Macon, and $721.56 for office expenses, care of plant, inspections, etc., a total of $22,460.47, all of which were for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal yelar.-The existing project is of such a nature that the percentage of completion can not be stated. Chan- nel depths have been increased by the excavation of rock shoals and sand bars, by the construction of contraction and bank protection works, and by the closure of cut-offs. Navigation has been rendered safe by the removal of snags, etc. Many of the closing dams and contraction and bank protection works need refilling and repairs. The controlling depth at ordinary summer low water as determined during June, 1924, was about 1 foot from the mouth to Milledge- ville, the head of steamboat navigation. This depth is practicable throughout the year except during October and November, the usual low-water months. The expenditures under the present project have been $8,216.05 for new work and $115,360.42 for maintenance, a total of $123,576.47. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one large snagboat 3 months------------- $6, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one snagboat 3 months__ _ 3, 000. 00 Surveys, overhead and contingencies_ ___ ---- 5, 271. 70 Total------------------------ -------------------------- 14, 271.70 636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The snagging will be done on a schedule combined with other projects, and completed about January 31, 1925, after which it is expected that available funds will be exhausted. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($14,000), will be applied to mainte- nance, using Government plant and hired labor, a,sfollows: Operation and repair of one large snagbat- 3 months _. 86_. 600 Operation and rental of one- snagboat 5 months_- 5, 500 Surveys, overhead and contingencies , 900 Total.. 000 1-------------------------- The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding five years is due to increase in available plant necessary for the work, and the increased amount of maintenance required. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year- - Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons ;Value 1919 -19_ ...128, 060 $209, . 000 . 3.000 $60, 000 131,060 $2, 269, 000 450 1920 - - - 103, 794 2,576, 700 5,913 167,000 109,707 2,743,800 200 1921--------- --- _ ----.. 78, 883 1, 857, 000 14, 838 55, 300 93, 721 1, 912, 300 100 1922 ....------------------ 66, 732 1, 453, 200 4, 500 90, 000 71, 232 1, 543, 200 --. ---...... 1923 .. 57, 633 1, 093, 200 4, 064 40, 600 61, 697 i 1,133,800 ........... _ The commerce consisted of lumber and lumber products which was carried in boats of 2 to 4 feet draft. Most of the steamnboat commerce was carried over the first 40 miles, of the river below Dub- lin but considerable rafted timber originated at points between Dub- lin and Milledgeville and on the lower 30 miles of the river. Regu- lar schedule was maintained from Dublin to Bonny Clabber when stage of river permitted. Decrease in tonnage and value is due to the decrease in shipments of wood products. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,266.78: New work _ $224, 634. 97 Maintenance ---- 152, 843, 33 Net total expended 377, 478. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report___ 391, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -.......................... -$ Expended for maintenance $4, 93024 -i.- $11, 267. 59 -$1,,---- 551.60 $10, 497.45 -$22, 460. 47 Appropriated or allotted .---- 12,000. 00 5, 000. 00 19, 000.00 10, 000. 00 13,000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 637 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- - - $23, 712. 17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924-------------------------------------------- 13, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ....... 20. 00 36, 732. 17 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1 22, 460. 47 July, 1, 1924, balance unexpended--- - - 14, 271. 70 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities- - 1, 317. 71 July 1, 1924, balance available- -- -__ 12, 953. 99 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance--- - 2 14, 000. 00 13. OCMULGEE RIVER, GA. Location and description.-The Ocmulgee is formed by the conflu- ence of the Yellow and South Rivers, about 55 miles southeast of Atlanta, Ga., and flows in a southeasterly direction, to where it joins the Oconee. Its length is about 337 miles, the lower 205 of which are under improvement. On the navigable portions the current is moderate, the average width betweeh banks is about 235 feet, and the mean low-water slope is 0.94 foot per mile. The discharge at Macon, Ga., at ordinary low water is about 750 second-feet, and at maximum floods it is about 55,000 second-feet. On this river a stage at or below "ordinary summer low water" occurs on an average of about 30 days per year, generally during the late summer or fall. The drain- age area above the mouth is 5,800 square miles. Original condition.-This river was used for navigation mainly at high stages as far as Macon, 205 miles above the mouth. It was ob- structed by rock ledges, sand bars, snags, sunken logs, and over- hanging trees. The low-water depth on some of the bars was less than 0.5 foot, present datum. Previous projects.-Until the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers were consolidated by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, the improvement of each of these rivers constituted a separate work. Prior to the present one, projects had been adopted and ex- penditures made thereunder for this stream by river and harbor acts of August 14, 1876, and September 19, 1890. The first appropriation was made without formally adopting a project. Expenditures under previous projects prior to 1912: For new work .......-- $381, 172. 94 For maintenance-------- 41, 025. 02 Total------------------------------------- 422, 197. 96 Maintenance work prior to project of 1890 is included in "new work." For scope of previous projects, see page 1815 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an appropriation of $40,000 per year for the Altamaha, Oconee, and Ocmulgee Rivers, to be applied, following in general the methods which had been carried on under the previous project, to maintenance of 3-foot depth dur- 1 Net deducting rece~ipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusie of available funds. 638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ing ordinary'summer low water and to the gradual increase of chan- nel depths up to 4 feet so far as practicable without sacrificing the maintenance work. These methods are the removal of rock shoals, snags, logs, overhanging trees, and other obstructions; the closing of incipient cut-offs; the revetting of caving banks; and the use of spur dikes and training walls. The width of channel was not specified, but it should vary from 6(0 to 100 feet, according to locality. This project includes the lower 205 miles of this stream. At Macon the ordinary fluctuations attain a height of 15 feet and the extreme fluc- tuations a height of 25 feet above ordinary low water. No estimated cost is of record. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance is of record. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 443, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map of this river, see House Executive Document No. 215, Fifty-first Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Georgia and private interests expended about $60,000 on improvement works of a temporary char- acter before improvement was indertaken by the United States. There has been no other local cooperation. §Terminal facilities.-Seven trunk-line railways cross this river within the stretch under improvement. Transfer of freight between the railways and the river is practicable at Macon and Lumber City by means of elevating machinery; at Hawkinsville, Abbeville, Bar- rows Bluff, and Mosquito Bluff by means of spur tracks and high- ways. The wharf frontage is municipally owned at Macon alone. Warehouses are maintained by the railway companies at Abbeville, Lumber City, and Barrows Bluff, while the Ocmulgee Lumber Co., at Mosquito Bluff, maintains its own warehouse. All of these facili- ties are built of piles and timber, and, as far as known, are open to the steamboat lines on equal terms. Along the river there are numerous natural unimproved landings with highway connection. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improve ment.-The effect of the improvement has been to enable navigation to be carried on safely at a stage of 1.5 feet lower than was possible before any work was done. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations with the U. S. snagboat No. 1 were carried on from July 1, 1923, to January 9, 1924, and. from June 26 to June 30, 1924, which resulted in clearing the river of snags from the Forks to a point 146 miles above. The expenditures were $5,479.96 for the operation of the snagboat; $15,731.14 for rebuilding the Macon; and $383.77 for of- fice expenses, care of plant, inspections, etc., a total of $21,594.87, all of which were for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is of such a nature that the percentage of completion can not be stated. Channel depths have been increased by the excavation of rock shoals and sand bars, by the construction of contraction and bank-protection work, and by the closure of cut-offs. Navigation has been rendered safe by the removal of snags, etc. Most of the contraction and bank- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 639 protection work, especially those in the vicinity of Macon, need re- filling and repairs. The controlling depth at ordinary summer low water as determined during June, 1924, is about 1.5 feet to Macon, the upper limit of the improvement. These depths are practicable throughout the year except during October and November, the usual low-water months. The expenditures under the present project have been $52,631.11 for new work and $165,513.86 for maintenance, a total of $218,144.97. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one large snagboat, 2 months----------$4, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one snagboat, 4 months------------------4, 000. 00 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies------------------------- 4, 282. 07 Total------ _ ---------------------------------- 12, 282. 07 The snagging will be done on a schedule combined with other projects and completed April 30, 1925, when it is expected that the available funds will be exhausted. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($16,000), will be applied to maintenance using Government plant and hired labor, as follows: Operation and repair of one large snagboat, 5 months----------$11, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one snagboat, 3 months----------------- 3, 300. 00 Surveys, overhead, and contingencies------------------------- 1, 700. 00 Total------- ------------------------------- 16, 000. 00 The small increase in cost of maintenance over the average for the preceding five years is due to increase in available plant necessary for the work and increased amount of maintenance required. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919_----------------- 292, 214 $5, 546, 300 3, 200 $64, 000 295, 414 $5, 610, 300 650 1920....----------------- 59, 964 1, 991,300 3,113 73,100 63,077 2, 064, 400 ------------ 1921----------------- 50,185 1, 815,700 10, 257 37, 500 60, 442 1,863, 200 1922 ----------------- 22, 213 643, 600 37, 577 600, 000 59, 790 1, 243, 600 1923----------------- 33, 903 616, 800 25, 294 252, 900 59, 197 869, 700 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Classes of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Lumber and lumber products -.... ..--.... 2-3 52 50 Stores---- N aval Naval Stores - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - ---------------------- - ---- 1 -33 44 116 The principal articles of commerce were lumber, lumber products, and naval stores. All of this commerce representing 56 per cent in tonnage and 66 per cent value, of the total commerce, was carried 10710--ENG 1924--41 640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1924 in steamboats and barges drawing from 11/2 to 31/2 feet over sections from the Forks to 20 miles above Hawkinsville, covering 155 miles of river. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,061. 54: New work 433, 804. 05 $------- Maintenance_. 206, 538. 88 Net total expended 640, 342. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report--- 652, 625. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---- $9, 992. 00- Expended for maintenance 1 .--- 22, 366. 25 $11, 798. 78 $4, 422. 84 $4, 058. 38 $21, 594. 87 Total expended 1_- ..-- _-- 32, 358. 25 11, 798. 78 4, 422. 84 4, 058. 38 21, 594. 87 Appropriated or allotted- ..... . 7, 000. 00 6, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 11, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_____________________________ $22, 576. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924____________ ___ 11, 300. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ______________. 78 33, 876. 94 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance 1 21, 594. 87 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 12, 282. 07 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 455. 07 July 1, 1924, balance available__ 11, 827. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ___-.. . 2 '16,000. 00 14. BRUNSWICK HARBOR, GA. Location and description.-Brunswick Harbor entrance is 70 stat- ute, miles south of entrance to Savannah Harbor, Ga., and 25 statute; miles north of entrance to Fernandina Harbor, Fla. It embraces the improved channel across the bar, St. Simons Sound, Brunswick River, East River to the upper limits of the city, and Turtle River to the Southern Railway terminals; also that portion of Academy Creek used by shipping interests. Not including the bar channel, the harbor is 7 miles in length and 300 to 3,000 feet in width. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-The controlling depth in East River was 9 feet at mean low water, and across the bar it was variable; prior to 1879 it appears to have been 17 feet at mean low water, and this a few years later was reduced to about 13 feet. Previous projects.-Prior to the adoption of the existing plan of improvement, projects and modifications of projects had been adopted for this harbor on July 4, 1836, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, and i To1 deducting receipt~s from sales,, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 641 June 13, 1902. The total expenditures under all these previous authorizations prior to 1907 were $643,465.18 for new work and $54,414.07 for maintenance, making a total of $697,879.25, includ- ing $270,000 for work done on the outer bar by a private individual, under direct authorization of Congress by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1892, and subsequent acts of similar nature. For scope of previous projects, see page 1818 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channels, as follows: 27 feet deep and 500 feet wide through the bar; 24 feet deep and 400 feet wide at Brunswick Point; 'wide 24 feet deep and 350 feet wide in East and Turtle River; 24 feet deep and 150 feet in Academy Creek; and A cut from Academy Creek to Turtle River, if later decided advisable. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean tidal range on the bar is 6.3 feet, and at the city of Brunswick 7 feet, with minor fluctuations due to wind and lunar effects. The original estimated cost of new work, made in 1907, was $496,650, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects; additional work was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2,1919, and the latest (1920) revised estimate for new work on this modification of the project was $1,436,000, making a total estimated cost for new work of $1,932,650. The latest (1915) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1879, provided for the construction of East River jetty (Annual Report for 1880, p. 959); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for channels in the inner and outer harbor of 30 feet depth at mean high water, with widths varying from 150 feet in Academy Creek to 400 feet across the outer bar; the exten- sion of training wall in East River; and the construction of two spur dikes (H. Doec. No. 407, 59th Cong., 1st sess); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for increased widths and depths in the existing channel (H. Doc. No. 393, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The last- mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves a developed water front of about 3.6 miles, including a wharf 2,000 feet long at the Southern Railway terminals and a wharf owned by the Atlantic Refining Co., with frontage of 360 feet on Turtle River, and exclud- ing dredged docks. All wharves are of the open pile-and-timber type except those at the Atlanta, Birmingham & Atlantic Railway terminals, which are built of reinforced-concrete piles and bulkhead, with timber superstructure. Of the total developed frontage the railroads own about 2 miles (most of it under lease to forwarding. agents) and private individuals and companies about 1 mile. Th city of Brunswick owns and maintains two small municipal wharves, 225 linear feet of undeveloped frontage, and the foot of all city streets, though it controls only two of them, the rest having been leased to individuals or corporations. The railroads parallel the water front and serve the separate wharves by spurs; all wharves except the Southern Railway terminals have highway or street con- nection. None of the wharves are equipped with mechanical unload- ing devices except those owned by the Southern Railway Co. and the 642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Atlantic Refining Co., the latter wharf being equipped with a pump- ing station for the discharge of fuel oil from ships. One dock, about 1,800 feet long, was dredged at the Atlanta, Bir- mingham & Atlantic Railway terminals, but owing to rapid shoaling these terminals have not been properly maintained. The municipal and railway wharves are open to the public on equal terms; all others are exclusively for private use. These facilities are considered ample for existing commerce, but it is considered advisable to de- velop the water-front property recently acquired by the city by the construction of a municipal wharf open to all on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. iDoc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of 'improvement.-The commerce for the first year after completion of the 1907 project was ten times in tonnage and fifty times in value compared with the commerce before improvement. A reduction in ocean freight rates followed improvement, but there were other contributing causes. The improvement permitted the regular line of coastwise steamers to enter and leave the port re- gardless of the stage of tide. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging by Govern- ment plant and hired labor was in progress from July 1, 1923, to August 22, 1923, and from January 1, 1924, to June 30, 1924, which resulted in the removal of 2,152,405 cubic yards of material, of which 720,743 cubic yards was for maintenance and 1,431,662 cubic yards for improvement. Dredging by contract resulted in the removal of 329720 cubic yards from East River, 27,720 cubic yards of which was for improvement and 5,000 cubic yards for maintenance. The ex- penditures were $100,745.12 for new work and $60,611.81 for main- tenance, a total of $161,356.93. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 50 per cent completed. Maintenance dredging is necessary to take care of shoal- ing. The East River training wall and spur dike are in good condi- tion. The controlling depths, as determined during June, 1924, are as follows: Brunswick Bar 25 feet, Brunswick Point 24 feet, lower Turtle River 24.2 feet, upper Turtle River 23 feet, East River 25.1 feet. and Academy Creek 12 feet. To complete the project requires the removal of 325,000 cubic yards of material from the inner harbor and 1,250,000 from the outer harbor. The expenditures under the existing project have been $973,681.88 for new work and $727,815.17 for maintenance, a total of $1,701,497.05. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, as follows: Operation and rental of one seagoing dredge 4 months------------- $59, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one 12-inch pipe-line dredge 1/ months____ 12, 000. 00 Operation and rental of one 20-inch pipe-line dredge 1/2 month__ __ 5,900. 00 Surveys, office expenses, overhead, and contingencies ------------ _ 63, 873. 70 Total--------------------------------------------- 140, 773. 70 Government plant and hired labor will be used in the execution of the work. Dredging will begin on July 1, 1924, with the seagoing and 20-inch pipe-line dredges. The 12-inch pipe-line dredge will begin work about July 16, 1924. During the first four months of the period the expenditures will be from $20,000 to $40,000 per month RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 643 and during the remaining 6 months about $5,000 per month. I t is expected that available funds will be exhausted on April 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($127,000), will be applied to improvement and maintenance, as follows: Operation and rental of one seagoing dredge 6 months------------ $87, 600 Operation and rental of one pipe-line dredge 11/ months----------- . 12, 000 Surveys, office expenses, overhead, and contingencies__ ---- 27, 400 Total_---------------------------------------------------- 127, 000 Of the above amount, $60,000 will be expended for maintenance on the inner and outer harbors and the rest for improvement dredging in the outer harbor. Commercial statistics.-(Comparative statement for the last five years is as follows: Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 ........------------ 378, 031 $75, 828, 000 12, 070 $142, 000 390,101 $75, 970, 000 121, 670 1920-----------------...... .. .. 739, 305 48, 859, 000 26, 976 434, 000 766, 291 49, 293, 000 84, 416 1921....----------------- 760, 464 32, 078, 600 19,928 165, 000 780, 392 32, 243, 600 49,035 1922 ....------- __ 577, 251 20, 953,000 22, 863 456, 000 600, 114 21, 409, 000 36, 306 1923 ......-------------- 629, 096 19, 345, 400 27, 494 241,000 656, 590 19, 586, 400 101,727 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Class of traffic Draft Tonnage Value Feet Per cent Per cent Oil --------------------------------------- 25-29 44 22 Lumber, lumber products...... .....--------------------------------------- 14-24 37 20 Naval stores..--------------------------------------------------22-27 11 30 Tobacco------------------- ......----------------------------------------- 22-27 .2 5 Textiles....----------------------------------------------------20-25 .2 7 Foreign commerce was 18 per cent of the total tonnage including primarily oil, lumber, lumber products, cotton, and naval stores 59 per cent coastwise and 23 per cent local, which included principally oil, lumber, lumber products, and naval stores. The character of the commerce is varied and no particular class is carried in any special type or draft of boat, except fuel oil which is carried in tank steam- ships drawing from 25 to 29 feet. The entire commerce was carried over the improved sections of the harbor. Regular daily schedules were maintaitained from Brunswick to various points along the inside waterway and on the inland rivers, and weekly sailings were main- tained to northern ports. About 75 per cent of the tonnage and 80 per cent of the value of the total commerce required the full project depth for shipment on all stages of tide. The decrease in value of 1923 commerce is due principally to the decrease in shipments of cot- ton, and the slight increase in tonnage due to increased shipments of wood products. 644 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM/Y, 1924 Financialsumnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13,417.62: New work---------------_ $1, 617, 147. 06 Maintenance__ -- - - - _ 782, 229. 24 Net total expended- 2, 399, 376. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report--- - 2, 540, 150. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1...... $140, 889. 21 $78, 836. 42 $109, 207. 89 $100,745.12 Expended for maintenance 1__. $89, 370.16 170, 067.72 62,747. 69 80,521. 37 60,611.81 Total expended 1 ....... 89, 370.16 310, 956. 93 141, 584. 11 189, 729. 26 161,356. 93 Appropriated or allotted ----.. 55, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 184, 000. 00 43, 500. 00 .July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___ $258, 627. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 __- 43, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ...- 3. 33 302, 130. 63 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work - $100, 745. 12 For maintenance__ 60, 611. 81 161, 356. 93 .July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 140, 773. 70 .July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 26, 744. 95 July 1, 1924, balance available ----- 114, 028. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ....................... --.--- 2 959, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work --------------- ------------------- 2 67,000. 00 For maintenance------------------ ....... 2 60, 000. 00 Total 127, 000. 00 2-------------------------------------------- 15. FERNANDINA HARBOR, FLA. Location and description.-The harbor entrance is 221/2 statute miles north of the entrance to Jacksonville Harbor, Fla., and 95 statute miles south of the entrance to Savannah Harbor, Ga. It consists of Amelia River and its connection with the ocean through Cumberland Sound and over Cumberland Bar. The commercial harbor in Amelia River is separated from the ocean by Amelia Island, and is about 1,300 feet in width at the entrance and 2 miles in length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1111.) Original condition.-The available depth of the entrance varied from 11 to 12.5 feet and in the inner harbor from 15 to 17 feet at mean low water. The point of crossing the bar was subject to great 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exc:lusive of av~ilable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 645 changes in location, moving in a series of years as much as 11/2 miles. Previous project.-Prior to the adoption of the present one, projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and July 13, 1892, both pertaining to the outer bar only. There was expended under these projects prior to 1896, $932,500 for new work and nothing for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1820 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for the outer bar a 19-foot channel at mean low water by means of twin jetties, supplemented by dredging. These jetties were to be of stone on log mattresses, first to be constructed to a level of mean low water and then raised until the desired depth of channel should be secured. The inner har- bor is provided with a channel 20 to 24 feet deep at mean low water with widths varying from 400 to 600 feet extending a short distance above the city of Fernandina. The mean tidal range on the bar is 5.9 feet and in the inner harbor 6 feet, with minor fluctuations, due to wind and lunar effects. The original estimate of cost for the bar project was $2,071,023, and the latest adopted estimate, made in 1905, is $2,350,000. The original and latest approved estimate of cost, made in 1905, for the inner harbor was $115,500. These estimates are exclusive of amounts expended on previous project. No original estimate of cost for maintenance was made for the outer part, and $15,000 at periods of every two or three years was made in 1905 for the maintenance of the inner harbor. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the entrance jetties (Annual Report for 1879, p. 792); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 19-foot depth (Annual Reports for 1891, pp. 1565- 1598; for 1896, p. 1289); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the improvement of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 388, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the combination of the improvement of Fernandina Harbor and Cumberland Sound under the general heading of Fernandina Harbor. The latest published maps of this locality are in House Document No. 227, Sixty-eighth Congress, first session. Recommended nmodifications of project.-Under date of March 21, 1924, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress the further improvement of this locality by extending the existing chan- nel depth of 26 feet at mean low tide for a width of 300 feet from a point opposite Calhoun Street, Fernandina, to the south end of the Florida Terminal Co.'s development, together with the necessary small amount of dredging to a depth of 26 feet to remove a few shoal spots, at an estimated cost of $54,000 for new work, and $5,000 an- nually for maintenance (see H. Doc. No. 227, 68th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 7,430 lineal feet of dock- ing space located along the 2 miles of water front. The Seaboard Air Line Railway owns 3,000 feet of the docking space and the Florida Terminal Co. 1,400 feet. On the railroad wharf there is a phosphate rock elevator with a storage capacity of 2,000 tons of rock and a handling capacity of 200 tons per hour. On the Florida Ter- minal Co.'s wharf 500 feet is used for handling phosphate rock to 646 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1924 an elevator and 900 feet for naval stores, general cargo, and export and bunker coal. The remainder of the wharves is owned by private individuals or corporations. There are no municipal wharves. The only wharves open to the public on general terms are those of the Seaboard Air Line Railway Co. not leased to private individuals or corporations. Nearly all wharves are served by railway tracks and have highway and street connections. Many of the wharves have been allowed to deteriorate and those of the railway company and the Florida Terminal Co. are the only ones suitable for ocean going vessels. The present facilities are considered ample for exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has rendered safe and easy the use of the port of Fernandina for vessels not exceeding 21 feet draft at all stages of tide. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging by Govern- ment plant and hired labor was in progress from July 16 to August 1, 1923, and resulted in the removal of 33,981 cubic yards of material from the inner harbor opposite the city of Fernandina, all of which was for maintenance. The expenditures were $4,940.58 for dredg- ing, and $552.64 for office expenses, surveys, inspections, etc., a total of $5,493.22, all of which were for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The construction of two stone jetties, supplemented by dredging on the outer bar, was completed in 1905, and the dredging in the inner harbor was completed in 1908. The parallel stone jetties need repairs. Most of the spur dikes are in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low water for the outer harbor is 27 feet. This depth can be obtained by leaving the Tiger Island Range just east of Buoy No. 1 and passing eastward of and close to this buoy and the lighted buoy at the end of the North Jetty. For the inner harbor the controlling depth is about 23 feet at mean low water to the upper end of all docks, and about 17 feet beyond to Lanceford Creek. The expenditures under the present project have been $2,209,937.99 for new work and $508,362.19 for maintenance, a total of $2,718,300.18. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1924, to maintenance, for surveys, office expenses, care of Government property and contingencies. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted on April 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($235,000), will be applied to mainte- nance, as follows: Repairs to jetties (by contract) -------------------------- $220, 000 Surveys, office expenses, care of Government property, and contin- gencies -- ------------------------------------------ 15, 000 Total----------- ------------------------------ 235, 000 The increased cost of maintenance over the average for the pre- ceding five years is due to neglect of the jetties for many years. Commercial statistics.-Comparative statement of commerce for the last five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SAVANNAH, GA., DISTRICT 647 Vessel traffic Floated logs Total Year Passengers Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value 1919 ....----------------- 473, 683 $9, 361, 600 None. None. 473, 683 $9, 361, 600 4, 200 1920_ - . . ___ _ 407, 146 7, 680, 494 1, 016 $19, 260 408,162 7,699,694 900 1921 -___ -___ ____ _ 195, 796 3, 852, 860 600 12, 500 196, 396 3, 865, 360 3, 412 1922 206, 089 3, 811, 700 4, 000 80, 000 210, 089 3, 891, 700 2, 832 1923___________ ___ _ 184, 952 3, 147, 000 3, 600 36, 000 188, 552 3, 183, 000 1, 700 The usual limits of draft for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic and money values follow: Classes of traffic Draft Ton Value Feet Per cent Per cent Phosphate (foreign shipped) -__.____- _ _ __.. ___. _..__- ______... 19-29 74 66 Lumber and lumber products (foreign and coastwise) ------------------- 19-29 4 1 Lumber and lumber products (local) ...................... - 2-7 2 2 Sea food... ... ..----------------------------------------------------- 7-12 11 16 The principal articles of commerce were phosphate rock, lumber and lumber products, ,and seafood. Regular steamboat schedule was maintained from Fernandina to various points along the inside waterway and on the inland rivers. Decrease in tonnage and value due principally to the decrease in shipments of coal. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29.40: New work---------------------------------- - $3, 142, 437. 99 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 508, 362. 19 Net total expended -------------------- 3, 650, 800. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 3, 653, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work- Expended for maintenance 1 - - $6,260.49 - $2, 248. 12 - - $5, 251. 73 - $3, 629. 35 - - $5, 493.22 ... ------ Appropriated or allotted _______________________ $6,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ - ---------- $8, 193. 04 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 5, 493. 22 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ____ 2, 699. 82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------------------------ 235, 00000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HIARBOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920 Reports dated February 15, 1921, and October 31, 1922, with maps, on preliminary examination and survey of FernandinaHarbor, Fla., required by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, were duly sub- 10710--EiNG 1924-- 42 648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 mitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were trans- mitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 227, Sixty- eighth Congress, first session. A plan of improvement is presented for extending the existing channel depth of 26 feet at mean low tide for a width of 300 feet from a point opposite Calhoun Street, Fer- nandina, to the south end of the Florida Terminal Co.'s development, together with the necessary small amount of dredging to a depth of 26 feet to remove a few shoal spots, at an estimated cost of $54,000 for new work and $5,000 annually for maintenance. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Savannah Harbor, Ga., fronm the foot of Kings Island to the sea, with a view to consolidating all projects relating to Savannah Har- bor, widening, straightening, and deepening the same in such manner as to depth and width as may be deemed advisable to respond to com- merce. 2. Savannah River belowo Augusta, Ga. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT This district includes the waterways and harbors in the State of Florida east of and including the Aucilla River, except Fernandina Harbor, St. Marys River, and the waterway between Cumberland Sound and St. Johns River; it also includes the watersheds of the Suwannee and Withlacoochee Rivers in the State of Georgia. District engineer: Lieut. Col. Gilbert A. Youngberg, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Edgar Jadwin, Corps of Engineers, to June, 1924. IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for' purposes of appropriation] Page Page 1. St. Johns River, Fla., Jack- 13. Charlotte Harbor, Fla. (C4)_ 689 sonville to the ocean(A1)_ 649 14. Sarasota Bay, Fla. (C5)_--. 692 2. St. Johns River, Fla., Jack- 15. Channel from Clearwater sonville to Palatka (A2)_ 654 Harbor through Boca 3. St. Johns River, Fla., Palat- Ciega Bay to Tampa Bay, ka to Lake Harney (A3)_ 657 Fla. (C6) 695 4. Lake Crescent and Dunns 16. Anclote River, Fla. (C7)___ 697 Creek, Fla. (A4)_-------- 660 17. Crystal River, Fla. (C8)___ 699 5. Oklawaha River, Fla. (A5)_ 662 18. Withlacoochee River, Fla. 6. Indian River, Fla. (Bi) ... 667 (C9) ---- -__ - 700 7. St. Lucie Inlet, Fla. (B2)___ 670 19. Suwannee River, Fla. (C10)_ 703 8. Harbor at Miami (Biscayne 20. Tampa Harbor, Fla. (Dl1)_ 707 Bay), Fla. (B3) 72 21. Manatee River, Fla. (D2)__ 6--------- 714 9. Harbor at Key West, Fla. 22. Harbor at St. Petersburg, (B4)- ------- 677 Fla. (D3) 717 10. Kissimmee River, Fla. (C1)- 682 23. Removing the water hyacinth 11. Caloosahatchee River, Fla. from navigable waters in (C2)------_ -- 685 the State of Florida ... 720 12. Orange River, Fla. (C3) _ 688 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 649' ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., JACKSONVILLE TO THE OCEAN, JACKSON- VILLE TO PALATKA, AND PALATKA TO LAKE IIARNEY, LAKE CRESCENT AND DUNNS CREEK, AND OKLAWAHA RIVER, FLA. (GROUP A.) 1. ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., JACKSONVILLE TO THE OCEAN. (Al) Location and description.-This river rises in the marshes of Bre- vard County, Fla., near the east coast, and flows northwestwardly to Jacksonville, thence eastwardly into the Atlantic Ocean, 122 miles south of Savannah River. Its total length is about 285 miles. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 577. It is tidal for the lower 135 miles, and in dry periods for 40 miles farther. The upper river has a gentle slope and moderate current. For the lower 120 miles to Lake George the width varies from about 1,000 feet to 3 miles. Above Lake George the average width is 200 to 300 feet, as far as Lake Harney. Above Lake Harney the river narrows. The drainage area is about 8,160 square miles. The normal fresh-water discharge is from 1,500 to 7,225 cubic feet per second at Volusia Bar and from 4,200 to 8,300 cubic feet per second at Mayport, increasing to several times these figures in floods. Original condition,.-The channel over the bar at the mouth was unstable and shifting, with available depths of from 5 to 7 feet at mean low water. From the mouth to Jacksonville (28 miles), limit- ing depth over shoal reaches was about 12 feet at mean low water. The limiting width of the channel on this section of the river was about 150 feet. A rock ledge lay between the deep-water channel and the pierhead line along the most used part of the water front of the city of Jacksonville, over which depths varying from 15 to 22 feet at low water were found. This rock ledge restricted the maneu- vering area and prevented access to the wharves by large vessels. The head of navigation for steamers at high stages was and is Lake Poinsett, 252 miles above the mouth, but small boats could at times go to Lake Washington, 276 miles above the mouth. At low water navigation was hardly possible above Lake Harney, 198 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended on these projects was $3,994,363.08. In addition, the sum of $9,172.83, appro- priated by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, was expended between 1852 and 1861 in preliminary surveys and investigations and efforts at improvement, and $60,000, appropriated between 1870 and 1878, was expended in surveys and in tentative and experimental dredging on the bar. The total amount expended on these projects was $4,063,535.91, of which $3,520,137.39, including $175,175.99 for construction of a seagoing dredge, was for new work, and $543,398.52 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1823 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water from the ocean to Jacksoinville, follo.wing generally the line of the 24-foot channel secured under the, previous project,, the width to be 300 feet in the straight reaches, increasing to as much as 600 feet in the bends and through the jetties, with an anchor- age basin opposite Mayport (3 4 miles from the entrance), 800 feet 650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 in width beyond the channel limits, by jetty work at the entrance, dredging and rock excavation in the river, dredging between the jetties and on the bar, and stone training walls and shore protec- tion in the river, with possibly a cut-off damrn in Mill Cove Channel (1212 miles from the entrance), and for removing rock and over- lying material between the 24-foot curve and the, pierhead line at Jacksonville from the Florida East. Coast Reailroad bridge to Hogans Creek, a distance of 6,080 feet,; to a depth of 24 feet at mean low water. The length of section included in the project is 28 miles. The mean tidal range is 5.3 feet: on the bar, 4.3 feet at Mi~yport, 2.2 feet at Dames Point (14 miles above the entrance), and 0.9 foot at Jack- sonville. The extreme range is 7.4 feet on the bar, 6.5 feet at May- port, 4.0 feet at Dames Point, and 2.8 feet at Jacksonville. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 2 feet at Mayport and 2 feet at Jacksonville. Strong southwesterly winds lower the water about 11/2 feet at Mayport and 1 foot at Jacksonville. The estimate of cost for new work (revised in 1923), exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, is $3,854,000. The latest approved estimate of cost, for annual maintenance (1920) is $300,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the main channel (H. Doe. No. 611, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the harbor at Jacksonville (H. Doc. No. 663, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, combined these two projects. The latest published map from Jacksonville to the ocean and of the harbor of Jacksonville is in the former document. The latest published map of the entrance is in Annual Report for 1919, page 2524. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. Between 1892 and 1894 Duval County expended $303,206.25 in building training walls and shore protection and dredging between Dames Point and Mile Point to secure an 18-foot channel through this 10-mile stretch. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 28 general freight wharves having a total frontage of 18,000 feet, 20 of which have both railway and highway connections and 8 have highway connections only; of 40 piers for general freight and boat-yard purposes, having a total berthing space of 22,000 feet, 29 of which have both railway and highway connections and 11 have highway connections only. The municipal terminals at Talleyrand, about 3 miles below Jacksonville, consist of two piers, earth fill in steel sheet piling, with wooden aprons and two galvanized-iron warehouses over one of them and both connected with large storage yard. They are well equipped with railway tracks connecting with all railways, a cotton compress, and mechanical freight-handling devices. Two additional piers are in course of construction. The city also owns a modern pier, with galvanized warehouse and offices, built on wooden piling in the busi- ness section. The piers have a total berthing space of 5,014 feet, with a depth of water of 18 to 30 feet. All terminals are open to the public except oil piers. Advantage would be gained by increasing the depth of water at piers and wharves and in the channels leading to the main ship channel and by the increase of freight-handling RIVERS AND HIARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 651 devices and by completing a belt line from Six Mile Creek to McCoy Creek, paralleling the water front. The facilities, with the excep- tions noted, will be adequate for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has made possible the establiShment of regular transportation facilities, resulting in the development of a large and growing water-borne commerce in coal. cement, nitrogenous and other fertilizer material, gasoline, oils-fuel and lubricant-lumber, phosphate, and other commodities. The im- provements have enabled deeper-draft vessels to use the waterway, which has resulted in the establishment of favorable water freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Major J. C. Mallery was operated in maintenance dredging between Dames Point and the ocean, working over 26,000 linear feet of the channel and removing 1,107,516 cubic yards of material. Of this amount 188,388 cubic yards were deposited in the foundation of the Wards bank training wall. The U. S. dredge Congaree excavated and placed in the Wards bank training wall during the year a total of 379,094 cubic yards of sand and shell, this material being dredged alongside the training wall outside of the channel. A contract was entered into for the construction of a bulkhead and pier for 4 dredge depot at Jacksonville and a site for the depot and materials for construc- tion were purchased. Work under contract for building up the jetties to their original height was continued at the beginning of the fiscal year and up to December 6, 1923, when the work was completed. The contractor placed 20,895.32 tons of stone in the jetties during the year. A new contract was awarded for the continuation of the repairs to the jetties and the contractor began work May 24, 1924, and at the close of the fiscal year had deposited 8,451.15 tons of stone on the jetties. The result of both contracts was the raising to full height of the jetties for a length of about 2,000 linear feet. The expenditures were $286,654.52 for channel excavation; $180,710.26 for jetty re- pairs; $87,474.50 for Wards bank training wall; and $21,911.10 for the bulkhead and pier, for the dredge depot. The total amount expended was $576,750.38, of which $109,385.60 was for new work and $467,364.78 was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 88 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in the calendar year 1904 to the length then contemplated, but are not now at full height. The channel over the outer bar and to Mayport has been dredged to project dimensions but has shoaled opposite Wards bank to a pres- ent depth of 27 feet below mean low water. A contract has been- awarded for the removal of this shoal area. The Mayport anchor- age has been dredged to a depth of 27 feet. The channel in the river from Mayport to, Jacksonville has been fixed and protected by training walls and shore protection and dredged to project dimensions. Shoaling occurs constantly in many portions of the dredged channel below Dames Point, the work of maintenance hav- ing been insufficient to fully maintain project dimensions. At the close of the year there was a channel of practicable width and a 652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 least depth of 27 feet at mean low water from the entrance to Jack- sonville, with a mean rise of tide of 3.1 feet over the shoal area. The work opposite the city of Jacksonville, between Hogan Creek and the Florida East Coast Railroad bridge, was completed in the calen- dar year 1912 and full depth, 24 feet, can be carried to the pierhead line. To complete the project, the Wards bank and shipyard (Ful- ton) training walls, must be completed, shore protection placed at and below New Berlin, and some improvement is required at the jetties for the purpose of facilitating the entrance by boats during storms, the cross currents rendering navigation difficult at such times. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $5,663,- 067.87, of which $3,263,320.72 was for new work and $2,399,747.15 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Fundsunexpended June 30, 1924, will be applied to rebuilding, by contract, the south jetty for a length of 2,100 feet, and the north jetty for a length of 2,800 feet; the work will cost about $1.30,000 and should be completed by June 30, 1925; to constructing, by hired labor and the U. S. dredge Congaree and by contract, the Wards bank training wall, the work will cost about $130,000 and should be completed by June 30, 1925; to con- structing shore protection for 7,100 linear feet at Dames Point and New Berlin, by contract, the work will cost about $101,050, and should be completed by June 30, 1925; to constructing a dredge depot at Jacksonville, by contract, at a cost of about $80,000, the work should be completed by June 30, 1925; to operating the U. S. dredge Major J. C. Mallery and plant during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in maintenance dredging; to, maintenance dredging in Wards bank cut, by contract, the work to cost about $75,000 and should be completed by January 1, 1925; to caring for and repairing the dredges and miscellaneous plant; and providing for office ex- penses and supervision to June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($360,000), will be applied to maintenance dredging by contract in Wards bank cut, and 'to work of main- tenance in the operation of the U. S. dredge plant Mallery, as may be required, and to provide for office expenses, superintend- ence and contingencies to June 30, 1926, in accordance with the fol- lowing detailed estimate: For work of maintenance: Dredging in Wards bank cut, by contract $75, 000 Operating the U. S. dredge Major J. C. Malltery from July 1, 1925, to June 30, 1926_ ---------------------------- 160, 000 Repairs to U. S. dredge Major J. C. Mallery/ 50, 000 Care and operation of miscellaneous plant from July 1, 1925, to June 30, 1926___------------------------------- 50,000 Office expenses, supervision and contingencies from July 1, 1925, to June 30, 1926 --------------------------------- 25, 000 Total for maintenance_----------------- 360, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of automobiles, brick, canned goods, cement, cigars, citrus fruits, coal, cotton, cottonseed meal, dry goods, feed, fertilizer, fish, flour, fuller's earth, grain, groceries, hardware, hay, ice, logs, lumber, machinery, manufactured iron, naval stores, nitrate of soda, oils, RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 653 packing house products, paints, paper, phosphate rock, potash, pota- toes, rice, salt, sand, shell, soft drinks, sugar, sulphur, tar and pitch, tobacco, vegetables, general merchandise, and miscellaneous. The tonnage for the year amounted to 3,053,526 short tons, valued at $170,360,004. Of this total, 730,833 short tons, valued at $18,495,150, was foreign commerce; 1,676,077 short tons, valued at $130,548,697, was coastwise commerce, and 646,616 short tons, valued at $21,316,157 was local traffic. As compared with that of the preceding year this is an increase in tonnage of 29 per cent. There is an increase of 17 per cent in the foreign traffic, 14 per cent in coastwise traffic, and 105 per cent in internal traffic. All of the commerce utilized the irm- proved channel. About 16 per cent was carried in steam vessels drawing from 20 to 30 feet, about 60 per cent was carried in steamers, sailing vessels, and barges drawing from 10 to 19 feet. The remain- ing 24 per cent was carried in steamers, motor boats, and on lighters and rafts towed by boats drawing from 3 to 9 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none were aban- doned during the year. Comparative statement Calendar Tons Value Pas- Calendar Tons Value Pas- year sengers year sengers 1919---------- 1, 672, 227 $134, 664, 391 31, 613 1922 .-...... 2, 350, 126 $115, 242, 299 85, 079 1920----------- 2,507, 490 135, 102, 139 67,513 1923 ....-. _ 3,053,526 170, 360, 004 67, 195 1921------------ 1,925,002 78,936,751 45,250 Financial sulmnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $155,322.12: New work ------------------------------------------- $6, 783, 458. 11 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 2, 943, 145. 67 Net total expended ----------------------------- 9, 726, 603. 78 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 10, 837, 521. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $121, 304. 75 $29, 587. 90 - $109, 385. 60 Expended for maintenance 308, 565. 41 $367, 407. 96 257, 400. 03 $336, 808. 43 467, 364. 78 Total expended 1_ - - - 429, 870. 16 367, 407. 96 286, 987. 93 336, 808.43 576, 750. 38 Appropriated or allotted. 375, 400. 00 476, 000. 00 450, 000. 00 000. 00 905, 250. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______ ___________________ $780, 722. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923_-------------------------------- 130, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924_ _------------- 775, 250. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924__-...... 1, 695. 16 1, 687, 667. 95 654 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work--------------------------- $109, 385. 60 For maintenance-------------------------- 467, 364. 78 $576, 750. 38 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------- 1, 110, 917. 57 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--------------_ 59, 002. 82 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------------- 196, 165. 15 255, 167. 97 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------------------ 855, 749. 60 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ---------------------- 2 360, 000. 00 2. ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., JACKSONVILLE TO PALATKA. (A2) Location and description.-For general description of the St. Johns River, see corresponding paragraph under " St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean." The width of the river on this stretch varies from 1 to 3 miles to just below Palatka, where it nar- rows to one-half mile. Deep Creek rises in St. Johns County and flows in a northwesterly direction, emptying into the St. Johns River about 43 miles above Jacksonville, the total length being about 12 miles. The stream is crooked with widths varying from 50 to 300 feet. Original condition.-Navigation between Jacksonville and Palatka was impeded by four shoals, namely, Tocoi Shoal (36 miles above Jacksonville), with a least depth of 11.1 feet at low water; Racy Point Shoal (41 miles), with a least depth of 9.3 feet; Orange Mills Flats (45 miles), with a least depth of 9.8 feet; and Forresters Point Shoal (51 miles), with a least depth of 11.6 feet. Elsewhere depths of 13 feet and over prevailed. The channel width was indeterminate over the broad flat shoals. In Deep Creek the depth over the bar at the mouth in the St. Johns River was about 6 feet, but inside the bar there were depths of 8 feet except at one short reach near Hastings Landing, which was the head of navigation. Navigation was difficult on account of sharp bends near the landing. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water from Jacksonville to Palatka, 55 miles, to be secured by dredging through four shoals, and dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water across the bar at the mouth of Deep Creek, and thence 50 feet wide across the points and through the shoal at Hastings Landing, 5 miles above the mouth. Jacksonville is 28 miles above the entrance to the river. The mean range of tide is 0.9 foot at Jacksonville and 0.9 foot at Palatka. The extreme range of tide is about 2.8 feet at Jacksonville and about 1.7 feet at Palatka. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 2 feet at Jacksonville and about 1 foot at Palatka. Strong southwesterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. River flood conditions, usually occurring in the fall, raise the water level at Jacksonville about 1 foot and at Palatka about 2 feet. The currents in Deep Creep are very sluggish, due apparently more to the SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 655 winds and tide than to any difference in elevation between the creek at its mouth and at Hastings Landing. At high-water stages, which occur during September and October, depths about 3 feet greater than those at low-water stages are available. Low and normal stages are practically the same, and exist throughout most of the year. The water stages in the creek are due almost entirely to the water stages in the St. Johns River. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $219,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for all except the Deep Creek improvement under the title of "Orange Mills Flats " (H. Doc. No. 523, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 1343); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of Deep Creek (H. Doc. No. 699, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1900, page 1976, and House Document No. 699, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of projeet.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, requires that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of the improvement of Deep Creek. The necessary easements have been furnished. Terminal falcilities.-There are small wooden landings at all points above Jacksonville, which are used by river. steamers and launches for handling local freight and passengers. They have no connection with railways, so far as is known. They are ample for the needs of present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement enables lumber schoon- ers to reach Palatka, where they load with cypress and pine direct for northern ports. The cost of transshipment to Jacksonville is thus saved. The existence of the natural waterway and the impiove- -ments, by permitting deeper draft vessels, have given favorable water freight rates'. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Congaree restored project depths in cuts at Orange Mills Flats and Racy Point, removing 143,295 cubic yards of material over an aggregate length of 8,200 linear feet. The amount expended was $11,526.47, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed dur- ing the calendar year 1915, except for work in Deep Creek, which is about 50 per cent completed. Tocoi and Forresters Point cuts were shoaled to about 12-foot depth at mean low water along the sides. Inside the mouth of Deep Creek and to Hastings Landing (5 miles above the mouth) the depths are greater than 8 feet at mean low water, except in one short reach, which has only 7.6 feet. The project depths have been maintained in other dredged cuts, including the channel over the bar at the entrance to Deep Creek. Two very sharp bends near Hastings Landing and three others, less sharp and farther downstream, interfere with navigation. The work remaining to be done is the completion of the cutoffs in Deep Creek. The total expenditure has been $278,140, of which $205,- 698.47 was for new work and $72,441.53 was for maintenance. 656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be applied to maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Congaree and hired labor, restoring the channel to project dimensions, shoal- ing having taken place at Forresters Point cut and Tocoi cut, and at such other locations as are found necessary during the fiscal year, and to new work, cutting off the five bends in Deep Creek, completing the project. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($10,000), will be applied to the, opera- tion of the U. S. dredge Congaree at such time as may be neces- sary to maintain the project dimensions in the dredged cuts at Orange Mills Flats and Racy Point, and at other places as shoal- ing may develop. The work will be done in accordance with the following detailed estimate: Operation of U. S. dredge Congaree, 1x/2 months at $6,000 .-........ $9, 000 Office expenses, superintendence, and contingencies 1, 000 Total for maintenance- _ -_____- _ 10, 000 Commercial statistics-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of automobiles, canned goods, cement, coal, fer- tilizer, fish, flour, smoked meats, fruits, grain, hardware, hay, ice, logs, lumber, machinery, naval stores, oils, potatoes, sugar, shell, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 273,323 short tons, valued at $9,323,398. As com- pared with that of the. preceding year this is an increase of 6 per cent. A decrease of 49 per cent in the upbound commerce is more than offset by an increase of 47 per cent in the downbound, com- merce, the principal item affected in both cases being the tonnage of rafted logs. About 53 per cent of the total commerce was com- posed of logs in rafts, towed by motor boats and steamers draw- ing from 3 to 5 feet. About 43 per cent was carried in steamers and motor boats and on lighters drawing from 31/2 to 9 feet. The remaining 4 per cent consisted of lumber shipments carried by schooners drawing 12 feet. All of the traffic utilized the improved- channel. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers I........I ' 1919, 162, 071 4, 870, 878 51, 274 1922____________ 258, 566 7, 249, 830 27, 306 1920------------ 130, 498 5, 149, 881 30, 659 1923 273, 323 9, 323, 398 27, 022 1921 _.-----. 143, 306 5, 879, 167 24, 955 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $140.10: New work ___ $205, 698. 47 Maintenance _ 72, 441. 53 Net total expended 278, 140. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report _... 297. 440. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 657 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1922 1923 1924 ------------...------------...------...---- Expended for new work ________ $12, 497. 21 Expended for maintenance 1 ..... - -- 48 $588. $23, 973. 63 $11, 526. 47 Appropriated or allotted .------ 3, 500. 00 30, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 19, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ....... - $11, 526. 37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 - 19, 300. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924__ .10 30, 826. 47 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 - 11, 526. 47 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 19, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 210, 000. 00 3. ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLA., PALATKA TO LAKE HARNEY (A3) Location and description.- For general description of the St. Johns River see corresponding paragraph under "St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean." At Palatka the river is about three- quarters of a mile wide. Above Palatka to Lake Monroe (89 miles above Palatka) the widths vary from 130 feet to 2,500 feet. Between Lake Monroe and Lake Harney the width varies from 150 to 600 feet, averaging about 200 feet. In this stretch the river passes through six lakes, the largest of which, Lake Monroe and Lake George, are 41/2 miles long by 31/2 miles wide and 12 miles long by 6 miles wide, respectively. Original condition.-The limiting depth below Sanford was at Volusia Bar at the head of Lake George, where a shifting channel afforded depths of from 3.5 to 4.5 feet at low water. There were a number of other shoals between Palatka and Sanford with depths of from 5 to 8 feet over them and many sharp bends which made navi- gation difficult. Between Sanford and Lake Harney the limiting depth was 3 feet at several localities. The limiting channel width was 35 to 40 feet. Previous projects.-The first project for any part of this stretch was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, under the title of Volusia Bar. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, under the title of Upper St. Johns River. The two projects were combined by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. On these projects there was expended $55,404.26, of which $29,566.26 was for new work and $25,838 was for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1824 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from Palatka to Sanford and 5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from Sanford to Lake Harney. This project is an enlargement and extension of previous projects Z Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and embraces two mattress and stone jetties and two lines of guide piles at Volusia Bar, at the head of Lake George, built under pre- vious projects, and dredging and making cut-offs and easing bends in the river. The length of the section included in the project is 115 miles, and its lower end is 83 miles above the entrance to the river. The mean tidal range is 0.9 foot, and the extreme tidal range is about 1.7 feet at Palatka. At low-water stages tidal effect is perceptible in Lake George, 40 miles above Palatka. Strong northerly and northeasterly winds raise the water level at Palatka about 1 foot, and strong southerly and southwesterly winds lower it about the same amount under ordinary conditions. The flood stages in the river usually occur during the fall months and are about 2 feet above ordinary low-water level at Palatka, 3 feet at Lake George, 5 feet at Sanford, and 6.5 feet at Lake Harney. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1920, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, is $174,500. The latest approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance, revised in 1920, is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1111, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest map published is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--These consist of five general freight and pas- senger piers, having a total frontage of 410 feet, all of which have highway connections, and one pier at Palatka has rail connections. The facilities are adequate for the commerce on the river and are open to the public. No arrangement for prorating charges bet ween railway and steamers exist. The piers are mere landings for- river steamers and are not strictly terminals. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.Trhe improvement has made navigation in this stretch much more easy, certain, and expeditious, and has en- abled larger boats, with greater carrying capacity, to be used between Jacksonville and Sanford. The existence of the water route to San- ford has been a factor in the development of the country. The improvement above Sanford has had but little effect. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The dredge Congaree continued maintenance dredging in the river below Lake Monroe, restoring project depths at Dutchmans Bend, Barbers Reach, Snake Creek Bend,Blue Springs Bend,Huntoon Bend, and Hermitage Point Bend by the removal of 125,099 cubic yards of soft material over a length of 3,450 feet. The amount expended was $16,350.62. all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The section from Sanford to Lake Harney was completed in the calendar year 1912, but shoaling has occurred over short distances to a depth of 3 feet at mean low water. The section between Palatka and San - ford was completed in June, 1923. The controlling depth at mean low water at the end of the fiscal year was 6.8 feet between Smiths Creek and Beacon No. 73 and at Volusia Bar, 7.1 feet in Little Lake George, and 7.4 feet in Lake Beresford Cut and near Beacon 106O RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 659 The total expenditure under the existing project to June 30, 1924, has been $235,729.45, of which $152,579.32 was for new work and. $83,150.13 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Funds unexpended June 30, 1924, will be applied to maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Congaree and hired labor, restoring the channel to project dimensions in Little Lake George, Volusia Bar, and Smiths Creek, where shoaling has taken place, and near Fort Gates where the channel is too narrow for navi- gation, and at such other points as shoaling may occur. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($10,000), will be applied to maintenance dredging in Wekiva Reach near Lake Monroe, and such other points as shoaling may take place. The funds will be applied to main- tenance dredging, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Congaree, 11/ months, at $6,000-----------$9, 000 Office expenses, superintendence, and contingencies___________________ 1, 000 Total for maintenance___________________________ 10, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of automobiles, canned goods, crate material, fer- tilizer, fish, fruit, grain, hardware, ice, logs, naval stores, potatoes, shell, sugar, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to, 176,060 short tons, valued at $6,311,841. Of this amount 9,272 short tons, valued at $581,192, pertained to,Dunns Creek, and 1,641 short, tons, valued at $23,970, came from Oklawaha River. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an in- crease in tonnage of 9 per cent. This increase is principally in the tonnage of logs rafted to the mills at Palatka. A decrease of 21 per cent in the general tonnage, principally shell, is offset by the increase of 28 per cent in rafted logs. Of the total traffic, 6 per cent per- tained to Dunns Creek and Oklawaha River; it passed over only a small portion of the river above Palatka, and was not benefited by the improved channel. This portion was carried in ste!amers, on lighters, and rafts towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 6.5 feet. The other 94 per cent of the commerce utilized the improved channel to Sanford and was benefited thereby, being carried on steamers, motor boats, and rafts towed by steam and motor boats drawing from 4 to 7 feet. Only 1 per cent of the total commerce used the river between Sanford and Lake Harney. Of the entire tonnage carried about 72 per cent consisted of rafted logs. No lines of transportation were established and none were 'aban- doned during the year. (Comparativestatement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 _____._____ 175, 217 3, 472, 271 40,680 1922_ 160, 598 4,856,135 16,741 1920 151,007 3;422,277 17,374 1923 . 176,060 6,311,841 19,056 1921 171,086 4,076,494 12,840 660 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,565.10. New work-_ - __ $182, 145. 58 Maintenance- - 108, 988. 13 Net total expended 291, 133, 71 Total appropriations to date of this report-...... 303, 133. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 2 - 1 $36, 280. 00 Expended for maintenance 2 ..... $202. 58 $262. 14 $9, 284. 73 16, 435. 13 350.62 $16, Total expended 2 --- - . 202. 58 262. 14 9, 284. 73 52, 715. 13 16, 350. 62 Appropriated or allotted ...... ---- 15, 000.00 50, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ' $16, 300. 62 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ..-- 12,000. 00 _ Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_ 50. 00 28, 350. 62 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- u tenance "_ _ 16, 350. 62 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- - 12, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance__ 310, 000. 00 1 Changed from amount stated in 1923 report due to a reimbursement. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 3 Exclusive of available funds. 4. LAKE CRESCENT AND DUNNS CREEK, FLA. (A4) Location and description.-Lake Crescent lies in the northeastern part of the peninsula of Florida. Dunns Creek, the outlet of the lake, leaves the lake at its northern end and flows in a northwesterly direction, emptying into the St. Johns River 71/2 miles above Palatka. Lake Crescent is 14 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. Dunns Creek is about 81/4 miles long and from 150 to 600 feet wide. Tidal influence is perceptible in the creek. The fall is small and the cur- rent is slight. The drainage area of the lake and creek is about 350 square miles. Original condition.-A natural depth of 12 feet or over was found in Dunns Creek and in the lake, except over a broad shoal at its northern end, over which the limiting depth was 6 feet. Navigation on the creek was impeded by two excessively sharp bends. The limit- ing width of channel was about 100 feet. The head of navigation may be taken as being on Haw Creek, a tributary of Lake Crescent. about 27 miles from the mouth of Dunns Creek. Previous projeets.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and S feet deep at mean low water from the St. Johns River to Crescent City, including three cut-offs in Dunns Creek by dredging. The length of the waterway included in the project is 151/4 miles. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 661 mean tidal influence is barely perceptible at the. head of Dunns Creek and in Lake Crescent. The mean range of tide at the mouth of Dunns Creek, at St. Johns River, is about 0.7 foot. The extreme tidal range is about 0.5 foot at the head of Dunns Creek and about 1.5 feet at the mouth. Strong northerly winds raise the water level at the mouth of Dunns Creek about 1.3 feet, and strong southerly winds lower it about the same amount. The wind has no appreciable effect on the water level at the head of Dunns Creek and in Lake Crescent. Flood stages of this waterway and the St. Johns River. occurring usually in the fall months, raise the water level uniformly about 2 feet. The estimated cost, revised in 1919, is $44,000 for new work and $1,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1320, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Reconmmended mnodifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, adopting the project imposes the condition that no part of the money appropriated for the work shall be expended for the purchase of the right of way. Local interests have made efforts to secure the right of way necessary for the cut-offs, with a view to deeding them to the United States without charge, but no report of the successful termi- nation of the negotiations has as yet been received. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves at Cresent City with berth space of 175 feet. There are good highway but no railroad connections. They are open to pubic use and are con- sidered adequate for the present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement. The work done has enabled freight boats trading between Crescent City and Jacksonville to load to full ca- pacity, thus permitting an increase of tonnage. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was done as funds were not available. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 25 per cent completed. A channel of the full depth and width contemplated by the project has been secured, but the proposed cut-offs have not yet been made. The controlling depth is 8 feet at mean low water. To complete the project three cut-offs must be made in the creek after local interests provide the necessary rights of way. The total ex- penditure has been $16,000, of which $10,276.25 was for new work and $5,723.75 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as the depths now avail- able appear to be sufficient for the boats using the channel, and no considerable amount of shoaling is anticipated. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of grain, potatoes, oranges, logs, fertilizer, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 9,272 short tons, valued at $581,192. Of this total 4,875 short tons, valued at $540,295, was through commerce to Jacksonville, and 4,397, short tons, valued at $40,897, from Crescent Lake and Dunns Creek to Palatka. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in tonnage of 16.4 per cent. This decrease was almost 662 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 wholly in the rafted logs handled. About 58 per cent of the total traffic utilized the improved channel in Dunns Creek, being carried in a motor boat drawing 6.5 feet. About 41 per cent, consisting of logs towed by motor boats drawing from 2.5 to 3.5 feet, utilized the improved channel in Dunns Creek. The remaining 1 per cent was local on the lake, being carried in motor boat and on lighters draw- ing from 2 to 3.5 feet. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 ...----------- 56,452 $517,112 2,454 1922------------ 11,098 $524,867 1,041 1920-----------..... 53, 502 626, 687 1, 724 1923 9, 272 581, 192 784 1921------------ 9,378 185,044 1,302 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work----------------------------------------------- $10, 276. 25 Maintenance----------------------------------------- 5,723. 75 Net total expended----------------------------------- 16, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------16, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new w ork -- ---.... - ---............. ..........-- - I . - . . . . . - ----- Expended for maintenance 1_- $3, 641. 52 51. 67 - Appropriated or allotted- . - --. - - - ---.- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------- $33, 700 5. OKLAWAHA RIVER, FLA. (A5) Location and description.-This river has its source in the system of large lakes in the central part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northerly direction, then eastwardly, emptying into the St. Johns River 22 miles above Palatka. The extreme head of the system may be taken as Lake Apopka, 120 miles above the inouth of the river. The width is from 50 to 200 feet in the lower portion and 20 to 75 feet above Silver Springs Run, a large tributary which enters 53 miles above the mouth. The stream has a fall of about 0.7 foot per mile and a moderately rapid current. The drainage area is about 750 square miles. The discharge is about 800 second-feet at ordinary stages below Silver Springs Run and 125 second-feet at low water above Silver Springs Run. Low stages occur from March to September. Original condition.-The stream was obstructed by logs, snags, overhanging trees, and accumulations of drift and aquatic vegetation and navigation was impeded by narrow places and sharp bends. The RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 663 controlling depth was 3.5 to 4 feet from the mouth to Silver Springs Run and about: 2 feet to Lake Griffin. The channel width varied from 22 to 175 feet. Leesburg, at the head of Lake Griffin, 94 miles above the mouth, was generally regarded as the head of navigation, but light-draft steamboats and launches could pass through the lakes and connecting creeks and canals to Lake Apopka, 120 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.--The first provision for improvement of the river was made by an act of Congress approved February 24, 1835. The amount expended prior to the existing project was $3,911.95, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous proj- ects, see page 1825 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for deepening the channel to 6 feet at mean low water from the mouth to the head of Silver Springs Run, a distance of 58 miles; for clearing the channel of obstructions from Silver Springs Run to Lake Griffin, including the Kyle and Young Canal and its extension and the J. D. Young Canal above Morrisons Landing, contingent upon their acceptance by the United States when a clear title to the canals and sufficient land adjacent thereto to provide for future widening has been conveyed to the United States, with a view to obtaining a navigable depth of about 4 feet to Leesburg, 94 miles above the mouth. The work embraces dredging, snagging, cut-offs at sharp bends, removal of overhanging trees and obstructive aquatic vegetation, and the construction of a lock and dam at Moss Bluff to retain the water level in Lake Griffin. Lock and dam at Moss Bluff Distance to nearest town: 24 miles. Name of nearest town: Leesburg, Fla. Distance above mouth of river: 68 miles. Distance above mouth of Silver Springs Run: 15 miles. Width of lock chamber: 30 feet. Greatest available length for full width: 125 feet. Lift above low water: 11.5 feet. Depth on upper miter sill at normal pool level: 7 feet. Depth on lower miter sill at low water: 7 feet. Character of foundation : Piles in sand and clay. Kind of dam: Movable. Type of dam: Needle. Percentage of completion: 97. Estimated cost: $150,000. The river is nontidal except for a short distance above the mouth at the St. Johns River, where a mean range at low-water stage of about 0.5 foot is found. The mean fluctuation due to rainfall is about 2 feet at the mouth, about 3 feet at the mouth of Silver Springs Run, and about 21/2 feet at Lake Griffin. The extreme fluctuation is about 3 feet at the mouth, 5 feet at Silver Springs Run, and about 3 feet at Lake Griffin. The estimated cost of the work proposed, revised in 1920, is $119,750, exclusive of the lock and dam and of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1920) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $9,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (Annual Report for 1889, pp. 1360-1368). It was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (HI. Doc. No. 782, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and was extended by the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, andl July 25, 1912, to include mainte- 664 IEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1924 nance of the levels of the lakes at the head of the river. By the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, provision was made for the accept- ance of certain artificial waterways and extensions thereof between Heather Island (6.3 miles above the mouth of Silver Springs Run) and Lake Griffin as part of the watercourse in lieu of portions of the natural bed of the river. The latest published maps will be found in House Document No. 514, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and Annual Report for 1891, page 1626. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. The city of Leesburg has dug a canal 2,500 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 5 feet deep from Lake Griffin to a point within easy reach of the business portion of the city, and a similar canal 2,200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 6 feet deep from Lake Harris, with the object of en- abling boats to land near the mercantile and shipping section. Lake Dora has been connected with Lake Eustis by a canal 11/4 miles long, 25 feet wide, and 3 feet deep, dug by private enterprise at a cost of about $15,000. A similar canal 6.5 miles long connects Lake Dora with Lake Apopka. These canals enable small boats to reach Lake Apopka. In 1911 the owners of a basin of muck land along the river between Heather Island (60 miles above the mouth) and Moss Bluff (72 miles above the mouth) dug a canal 4.2 miles long and about 6 feet deep and 26 feet wide near the higher land on the east side of the basin and diverted the river into the new channel, cutting off about 61/2 miles of the old river. This canal was later extended southward a distance of 1.3 miles. The work was done with the object of facilitat- ing drainage of the basin, but incidentally it has proved, on the whole, of benefit to navigation. This canal has been legalized and accepted as a public waterway, under certain conditions, by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. A lateral canal from Starks Ferry to Moss Bluff is completed and the Oklawaha River diverted thereto., providing a navigable channel of 30 feet width and 3 feet depth. The canal has been dug for reclamation of land, but is a benefit to navigation. Terminal facilities.-There are numerous landings along this river, more or less out of repair, privately owned; no charges for wharfage. The facilities are adequate for the small commerce. There is no connection with railways. Effect of improvement. The improvement has facilitated the navi- gation of the river as far as Silver Springs and has shortened the time required for the trip. Navigation facilties between Moss Bluff and Leesburg have been improved. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work under the contract for the construction of a lock and dam at Moss Bluff, which was 2 per cent completed at the beginning of the year, was completed during the year, with the exception of about 300 feet of the earth dike required at the upper end of the lock and of the excavation of the river bed and removal of earth cofferdam between the lock and the bridge at Moss Bluff (400 feet) so as to provide a suitable boat channel. The original contract was terminated by agreement and a contract was entered into for the completion of the work. No work was done under the latter contract during the year. The timber lock gates were constructed by hired labor and the operating machinei-y, valves and other metal parts for the lock were purchased RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 665 but not installed. The river was cleared of snags between Silver Springs Run and the mouth, 47 obstructions being removed. The total amount expended was $145,843.58, of which $144,843.58 was for new work and $1,000 was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 50 per cent completed. By dredging, making cut-offs, and snagging, a channel has been obtained with a depth of about 6 feet at ordinary stages to a point 32 miles above the mouth, and thence 5 feet to Silver Springs Run, 52.6 miles above the mouth. A limited amount of channel work has been done above Silver Springs Run, and J. D. Young has dredged a canal from Morrison Landing extension to Starks Ferry. The lock and darn at Moss Bluff has been completed with the ex- ception of the installation of the gates and valves, removal of the coffer dam, construction of 300 feet of earth dike, and other minor work. The work required to complete the project consists of the completion of these unfinished items of the lock and dam construc- tion, the dredging and snagging of the channel between Silver Springs Run and the lock, to secure 4 feet depth at low water, and the dredging of the river from the mouth to the head of Silver Springs Run to increase the depth to 6 feet at mean low water. Present depths at ordinary stages are 4 feet up to Kyle and Young Canal, 59.6 miles above the mouth, and thence to Leesburg, 3 feet. The total amount expended under the existing project has been $252,- 561.22, of which $180,856.85 was for new work, and $71,704.37 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The available funds will be applied to dredging between Silver Springs Run and Moss Bluff, so as to pro- vide a channel about 5 feet deep at mean low water. This work should be completed by March 1, 1925. Maintenance work, such as removal of logs and overhanging trees, will be executed between Silver Springs Run and the mouth of the river. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance work between Silver Springs Run and the mouth of the river, as follows: Removal of logs, overhanging trees, etc., from Silver Springs Run to the mouth of the river -------------- $10, 000 Superintendence and contingencies 5, 000 Total for maintenance_ 15, 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of fertilizer, fruit, grain, logs, hardware, and gen- eral merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 2,277 short tons, valued at $69,526. Of this amount 1,641 short tons, valued at $23,970, passed over the river below Silver Springs Run and 636 short tons, valued at $45,556, on the upper river and on the lakes tributary to the river. As compared with the previous year, this is a decrease of 60 per cent. This is caused by the smaller tonnage of all commodities shipped. There was also 1,252 short tons, valued at $176,732, which was handled by ferrys on Lake Eustis. All of the lower river traffic utilized the improved channel and was benefited thereby. This amounted to 72 per cent of the total commerce and was composed of rafts of logs, towed by motor boats drawing from 3 to 3.5 feet. In addition passenger and other motor boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet used this channel. There was no traffic that utilized the 666 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 improved channel above Silver Springs Run, the balance of the traffic, 28 per cent, being confined to a few miles of the upper river and Lake Griffin. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Tons Year Floated Value Passengers General logs merchan- Ferry dise 1919 ---------------------------------- 2, 820 1, 250 8, 063 452, 872 1, 500 1920 ...------------------------------- 2, 862 (1) 7, 411 2216, 509 3 , 000 1921 .------------.-- ------------- 1, 350 (1) 10,671 2 87, 615 3, 439 1922 ---------------------------------- 1, 307 (1) 4, 465 2 69, 227 3 3, 936 1923 726 (1) ..------------------------------------1, 551 2 69, 526 3 4, 325 1 Tonnage of ferry traffic not included. 2 Value of ferry traffic not included. 3 Estimated. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.90: New work----- ---------------------------------------- $184, 768. 80 Maintenance---------------------------------------------- 71, 704. 37 Net total expended ------- 256, 473. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 325, 621. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 .----. $2, 443. 33 -------------------------- $144, 843. 58 Expended for maintenance 1--. .......---- $1, 422. 31 $4, 119. 63 $5, 186. 75 1,000. 00 Total expended I ...... . 2, 443. 33 1,422. 31 4, 119. 63 5,186. 75 145, 843. 58 Appropriated or allotted ...--------------------- 5, 000. 00 -------------- 68, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------ $154, 992. 36 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923-------- 60, 000. 00 214, 992. 3i June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work----------------------_------ $144, 843. 58 For maintenance___-- 1, 000. 00 145, 843. 58 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ 69, 148. 78 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ____ 6, 330. 58 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ _ _. . V _ __ 3, 000. 00 - 9, 330. 58 V _ _ July 1, 1924, balance available __ 59, 818. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ __ _- _---__- --- -- -- 217, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_____________________________ 215, 000. 00 2 receipts from sales, etc. Excluslve of available funds. 'Not deducting 1 Notr deducting recipts 2 Exclusive of available funds. from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 667 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $159,046.22: New work-------------------------------------------- $7, 366, 347. 21 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 3, 202,, 003. 45 Net total expended__ 10, 568, 350. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 11, 779, 717. 01 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1.- $136, 245. 29 $24,587. 90 $36, 280. 00 $254, 229.18 Expended for maintenance 1 312,409. 51 $369,146. 72 271, 392. 87 382, 455. 61 496, 241.87 Total expended t .-.---_ 448, 654.80 369, 146. 72 300,980.77: 418, 735.61 750, 471. 05 Appropriated or allotted..---------_ 378,900.00 497,000. 00 530,000.00 583, 000. 00 996, 550.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__--- -- ---- $963, 542. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March'2, 1923_---------------------- - 190, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924__-------------------------------------- 806, 550. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 1, 745. 26 1, 961, 837. 40 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work------------------------------ $254, 229. 18 For maintenance----------------------------- 496, 241. 87 750, 471. 05 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -_______- - 1, 211, 366. 35 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------65, 333. 40 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts----------------------------------------- 199, 165. 15 264, 498. 55 July 1, 1924, balance available--------------------------------946, 867. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__-----__---- __ 2 50, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance _-- . -------- 2395, 000. 00 INDIAN RIVER, ST. LUCIE INLET, MIAMI HARBOR (BISCAYNE BAY), AND HARBOR AT KEY WEST, FLA. (GROUP B) 6. INDIAN RIVER, FLA. (B1) Location and description.-Indian River is one of the series of shallow tidal lagoons and sounds on the east coast of the Peninsula of Florida, between the mainland and the keys bordering the coast. It extends from about 25 miles north of Cape Canaveral to St. Lucie Inlet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 161, 162, and 163.) The total length of the Indian River is about 120 miles, but the improvement covers connecting waterways to Jupiter Inlet, 17 miles south of St. Lucie Inlet. The width varies from 1 to 3 miles in Indian River. Through Jupiter Narrows the least width is 75 feet. i Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of availbXle fuiics. 668 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by numerous shoals, over which the depth varied from 212 to 4 feet at low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 2% feet and the minimum usable width of channel was 30 feet. When the improvement was undertaken by the United States there existed a continuous channel with a least depth of 5 feet at mean low water and a width of 50 feet, formed by the dredging operations of the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co. under charter from the State. The river was navigable for its entire length. Previous projects.-The first project, providing for connecting Indian River with Mosquito Lagoon, was adopted by an act of June 15, 1844. A project for dredging a channel through Negro Cut to Indian River Inlet was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and in the deficiency act of February 26, 1896, pro- vision was made for opening Jupiter Inlet for the passage of boats and small vessels. The amount expended on these projects was $38,994.94, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1825 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging a con- tinuous channel in the Indian River from Goat Creek to Jupiter Inlet, 5 feet deep at mean low water and at least 75 feet wide in the straight reaches, with as much greater width as may be required in the turns. The length of the section included in the project is 77 miles. The mean tidal range in the immediate vicinity of the inlets is about 2 feet and the extreme range is about 3 feet. Elsewhere tidal effect is barely perceptible. Strong northerly winds lower the water level at the northerly end of the waterway from 1 to 2 feet and raise the water level at the southerly end about the same amount. Strong southerly winds have the opposite effect to about the same extent. Strong northerly winds usually occur during the fall and winter months. The strong southerly winds prevail during the sum- mer and are usually not so violent as the northerly winds. Heavy rainfall raises the water level at the northerly end of the waterway about 1 foot, and when Jupiter Inlet is closed the southerly end is raised about the same amount from this cause. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, is $64,000, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No. 168, 51st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1891, p. 1673). Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Before the improvement was undertaken by the United States the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co., under charter from the State, had dredged cuts through 23 shoals between Goat Creek and Jupiter Inlet, making a continuous channel not less than 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at low water. This work was part of a continuous canal from the St. Johns River to Biscayne Bay constructed by the company. The act adopting the project im- posed the condition that no part of the money appropriated should be expended until the Florida Coast Line Canal & Transportation Co. should surrender and relinquish to the United States all the rights and privileges which it then held along the route under its RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 669 State charter. The canal company formally relinquished its rights to the United States on March 31, 1894, and the deed was pro- nounced satisfactory by the Attorney General on April 12, 1894. The work done by the canal company thus became part of the im- provement since prosecuted by the United States. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 3 wharves and 5 piers, used for package freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 3,050 feet. One pier and two wharves have railway connections. The other terminals have highway connections only. The facilities are adequate for the commerce and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong.,. 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Indian River forms part of a continuous inland waterway, partly natural and partly artificial, extending along the east coast of Florida from Cumberland Sound to Biscayne Bay. The improvement enables small craft to ply up and down the coast without incurring the dangers of the outside passage. It is used by commercial boats carrying freight and passengers to and from the towns along the river and by yachts and pleasure craft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work of improve- ment was done. Expenditures amounting to $262. 82 were made for miscellaneous inspections and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 70 per cent completed. The project depth and width was secured at all cuts except that between Great Pocket and Pecks Lake, in the vicinity of St. Lucie Inlet, where a width of only 35 feet was dredged. More or less constant shoaling occurs, requiring frequent dredging for maintenance. The controlling depth is 41/2 feet at mean low water. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $187,964.62, of which $44,498.58 was for new work and $143,466.04 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1924, will be applied in restoring the project depth in Indian River. The funds will be expended by January 1, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($20,000), will be applied to removing by contract or hired labor, as may appear most advantageous, shoals which have developed and may develop in the Indian River, as follows: Dredg'ng 40.000 cubic yards material, at 45 cents $18, 000 Superintendence and contingencies_____ 2, 000 Total 20, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of fish, flour, ice, miscellaneous merchandise, oils, oysters, and sugar. The total for the year amounted to 13,278 short tons, valued at $1,454,979. Of the total, 8,889 short tons, valued at $1,057,186, was through commerce to Jacksonville, and 4,389 short tons, valued at $397,793, was transported locally. As compared with the previous year, this is an increase of 6 per cent, due to an increase of commerce in fish, oils, and general merchandise. In addition to the commerce described, 3,431 short tons, valued at $269,905, was 670 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ferry traffic between the islands on the east and the mainland on the west side of the river. Of the total commerce, 74 per cent used the improved portion of the waterway, being carried in motor boats drawing from 2.5 to 4.7 feet. No transportation lines were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Caleiidar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers 1919 .. ....------------.9,615 $1;101, 840 5, 800 1922 _. . 12, 500 $1, 260,852 5, 500 1920_-------- - 6, 902 742, 633 5, 360 1923 . . 13, 278 1,454,979 3, 750 1921 ....____ 8,01C 592, 702 8, 500 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68.92: New work, ----------------------------------- $83, 493. 52 Maintenance ___- 143, 466. 04 Net total expended--- ---------------------------- 226, 959. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------243, 012. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work------ - - - - - - -- - - Expended for maintenance ,_ $7, 101.81 $89. 06 $5, 130. 23 $20, 714. 94 $262. 82 Appropriated or allotted - .. - - 5, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 12, 00 000. 14, 500. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $1, 815. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------- ----------------------------- 14, 500. 00 16, 315. 30 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 262. 82 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -------------------------- 16, 052. 48 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ------------------------- 8. 82 July 1, 1924, balance available___ _ 16, 043. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------- _ --- _ 2 19. 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ----------------------------- 2 20, 000 00 7. ST. LUCIE INLET, FLA. (B2) Location and deseription.-St. Lucie Inlet is an opening from the Atlantic Ocean into Indian River on the east coast of Florida, about 235 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 100 miles nrorth of Miami, Fla. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 163.) The inlet is the result of an artificial cut made by local 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 671 residents in 1892 through the low sand ridge separating the Indian River from the ocean. The cut was made 30 feet wide and 5 feet deep, but it rapidly widened until in 1908 it was over one-half mile in width. Original condition.-The entrance was shallow and obstructed by shifting sand bars, through which a narrow, crooked, and unstable channel of from 41/2 to 6 feet available depth at low water could gen- erally be found. A reef of soft rock extended across the front of the inlet, with its top surface from 3.5 to 10 feet below mean low water. Inside the entrance no permanent channel existed, but depths of 4 to 8 or 10 feet at low water could generally be carried into the Indian and St. Lucie Rivers. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the expenditure of about $300,000, for excavating a cut of 18 feet center depth across the ob- structing rock reef and ocean bar, and was recommended by the Chief of Engineers as a preliminary step to securing later a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and at least 200 feet wide from the ocean to Sewalls Point, protected by a jetty on the north side of the entrance. The mean tidal range is 1.7 feet. The extreme range is about 3 feet. Strong northeasterly winds raise the water level about 0.8 foot and strong southerly and westerly winds lower the water level about the same amount. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $1,460,000. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 675, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The complete project is described in House Document No. 1312, Sixtieth Congress, second session, which document also contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of the project is recommended in H-louse Document No. 370, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session, as the work already done indicates that the cost of the improvement would be excessive. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The conditions have not been im- proved by the work done other than possible future saving in rock excavation. The excavated channel has completely filled with sand, there being at present 5 feet of water over the bar at mean low water. The total expenditure has been $23,493.36 for new work. Proposed operations.-None contemplated, as further prosecu- tion of the project is considered inadvisable, and abandonment has been recommended in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of fish, gasoline, and ice, which amounted to 404 short tons, valued at $36,791. As compared with the preceding year this is a decrease in tonnage of 77 per cent. The decrease was due to haul- age by motor trucks and abandonment of the location by several shippers. The commerce was carried in small motor boats drawing 10710-ENs 1924-43 672 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 from 2 to 3.5 feet. No improvement has yet been affected in the channel at this locality. There were no exports or imports, owing to insufficient depth of water. No lines of transportation were estab- lished and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919... .. ..------------------------- 1920...----------------------- 588 1,115 $123,4801922 ------.... 133,227j 1923 ....................... _ . 1,800 404 $196,240 36,791 1921....------------------------- 323 41,870 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, for new work__ $23, 493. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report__________________ 49, 993. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work --- - - Expended for maintenance - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- --.-- - -- -- - - - -- - - -- - _- Appropriated or allotted------.-- ---------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ._______________________-_ $30, 000.00 Deduction on account of amount transferred to protecting levees not under Government control, January 25, 1923______ 3, 500. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_______________________ 26, 500. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ ________________________________________ 1, 436, 500. 00 8. HARBOR AT MIAMI (BISCAYNE BAY), FLA. (B3) Location and description.-Biscayne Bay is a large, shallow, salt- water sound lying between the Florida Keys and the mainland on the east coast of Florida near the southern extremity of the penin- sula. It is about 38 miles long and from 3 to 9 miles wide. The city of Miami is situated on the west side of the bay, about midway be- tween its head and its principal entrance at Cape Florida. Miami is about 335 miles south of the mouth of the St. Johns River and 160 miles north and east of Key West. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 583.) The harbor embraces the artificial basins and channels that have been dredged along the city front and through the shoal water of the bay to the ocean. Original condition.-The greatest natural depths in Biscayne Bay averaged from 6 to 10 feet. Originally a draft of 10 feet could be carried into the bay at Cape Florida and about 7 feet to the mouth of the Miami River. Channels had been dredged by the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co. having a minimum usable low-water depth of 111/2 feet on the bar at Cape Florida and 12 feet in the bay, and a usable width of 75 feet. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE. FLA., DISTRICT 673 Previous projects.-By the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, provision was made for a special survey and preparation of a project. The first project for improvement was adopted by the river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. The amount expended on the survey and this project, with its modification, was $565,399.61, of which $553,446.28 was for new work (including $4,965.51 for the original survey) and $11,953.33 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1826 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water from the ocean to the bay, through the cut made under the previous project, with a refuge basin 18 feet deep in the bay near the inner end of this cut, and the prob- able extension of the jetties about 500 feet. The plan of improve- ment embraces dredging and rock excavation in the channel, with a land cut through the peninsula and two parallel stone jetties, built under the earlier project, with extensions, if necessary for the pro- tection of the entrance. The mean tidal variation is 2.2 feet at the entrance and 1.5 feet in the bay. The extreme variation is about 3.5 feet at the entrance and 2.4 feet in the bay. Strong easterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 1 foot in the bay. Strong westerly winds lower the water level about 1 foot at the entrance and about 0.5 foot in the bay. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $460,000, exclusive of amounts ex- pended on previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 554, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-On IDecember 16, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended the further improvement of this harbor to the extent of providing a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water, 500 feet wide from that depth in the ocean to near the outer ends of the jetties, thence 300 feet wide through the en- trance, reducing to 200 feet wide across Biscayne Bay and following the route of the existing municipal channel, at an estimated cost of $1,605,000 for new work and $25,000 annually for maintenance, subject to the condition that local interests shall dredge and enlarge the present turning basin at the municipal dock to a depth of 25 feet (H. Doc. No. 516, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, adopting the first project, imposed the condition that the Florida East Coast Railway Co. should construct at its own expense a basin 1,600 feet long and 500 feet wide adjacent to the wharves at Miami, and a channel not less than 85 feet nor more than 100 feet wide across the bay from this basin to, the basin to be dug by the United States near the entrance, and should contract with the United States to secure in the basin and channel depths equal to that obtained by the United States in the entrance, and to maintain these depths for three years after completion of the entrance channel. It was also required that the channel and basin should be open t o the free and unob- structed use of the public, and that the railroad wharves and other facilities should be open to, use by all shippers at reasonable rates and on just and reasonable conditions. 674 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 A contract containing the required stipulations was entered into on October 15, 1902, between the Secretary of War, on behalf of the United States, and the Florida East Coast Railway Co. Between. March, 1903, and January, 1906, the railway company dredged the channel across the bay to, a width of 100 to 120 feet and to a least depth of 12 to 14 feet at mean low water, and constructed a basin in front of its wharves at Miami, 1,000 feet long and 500 feet wide, with an available depth of 10 feet or over. The amount expended by the railway company in this work was over $200,000. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the present project, as amended by the, river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, imposes the condition that local interests shall provide suitable ter- minals, open to public use, and provides that nothing in the act shall be construed to relieve the railroad company of its obligations un- der its contract with the United States. The railway company declined to, do any further work in the chan- nel across the bay, and suit to enforce 'specific performance of the contract was instituted. The case was tried in July, 1914, and was decided adversely to the United States. On April 26, 1915, the Secretary of War approved terminal plans adopted by the city of Miami, and on January 18, 1916, the Secretary of War accepted the evidence submitted by the city as satisfactory assurance that suitable terminals will be provided as required by the appropriation act. The plans contemplate the construction of wharves on the bay front, the excavation of a turning basin in front of them, and the dredging of a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at low water from the turning basin across the bay to the inner end of the Government cut. All work of city cooperation has been com- pleted except maintenance of channels. A channel has also been dredged 13 feet deep and 80 feet wide to connect the basin in front of the wharves of the Florida East Coast Railway Co. with the city's turning basin. Before the improvement of Biscayne Bay was undertaken by the United States the Florida East Coast Railway Co. and the Peninsula & Occidental Steamship Co. dredged at their own expense a channel 9 feet deep from the Cape Florida entrance to the railway wharves in the Miami River. Later this channel was made 12 feet deep at the entrance and up the bay to the new railway wharves on the bay front. This channel has been redredged from time to: time and is the channel now used by some vessels, though the greater part of the commerce is through the Government cut. The cost of the work was over $150,000. Terminal facilities.-Not 'including the municipal pier, these con- sist of nine wharves and two piers used for general freight, etc.. having a total frontage of 3,855 feet. Two of the wharves have railway and highway connections, and two piers and six wharves have highway connections only. The municipal piers, built in ac- cordance with plans approved by the Secretary of War, as required by the project document, have been completed, providing berth space of about 2,200 feet, with 18 feet of water, warehouse and stor- age yard, railway and highway connections. All terminals are open to the public except the oil wharves. The facilities are adequate for the present needs. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 675 Effect of improvement.-The project in its incomplete state has had a small effect on water-transportation rates. Commerce is now using the dredged entrance in preference to the Cape Florida en- trance, and traffic is increasing. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States clam-shell dredge No. 13 removed 3,502 cubic yards of bedrock, 4,865 cubic yards of boulders and broken stone, and 3,500 cubic yards of sand from the entrance channel, thus completing the project. This boat also raised the low places in the jetties by re- covering and placing 3,311 cubic yards of granite which had fallen from the tops of the jetties. The contract for the construction of an engineer office and dwelling on the reservation was completed, 85 per cent of the work being completed at the beginning of the year. A crushed-stone road 1,900 feet long was built on the res- ervation and 250 linear feet of revetment, in front of wooden bulk- head was completed, the latter work being 30 per cent complete at the beginning of the year, and both being done by hired labor. The expenditures amounted to $45,155.88 for the new work of chan- nel excavation and $38,429.62 for the remainder of the work, which was classed as maintenance, a total of $83,585.50. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed. The channel excavation was completed in the calendar year 1923. The jetties were completed to the 18-foot contour in the calender year 1908. Both jetties have been extended 405 feet and low places have been raised practically to project dimensions. Revetment has been constructed along the shores of the cut in extension of the lines of the jetties, the length of revetment being 1,600 feet on the north side and 1,935 feet on the south side of the channel. Shoal- ing has taken place in the line of the extension of the cut, the pres- ent controlling depth being 16 feet at mean low water in the north half of the channel, but the depth in the southerly 150-foot width of the channel is 1.5 feet greater. The city of Miami has pro- vided a channel 18 feet deep across the bay from the entrance to Miami, the present controlling depth in this channel being 18 feet at mean low water for a width of 65 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $640,567.09, of which $506,802.41 was for new work and $133,764.68 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance, June 30, 1924, will be applied to the extension of south jetty about 400 feet, repairs to revetment, roads on Government reservation, office expenses, and supervision of Miami Harbor. The work should be completed by June 30, 1926. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($39,250), will be applied as follows: To complete revetment on south side of New Cut: Placing 4,500 cubic yards revetment stone, at $2.50 per cubic yard_ $11, 250 Repairs to revetment on north side of New Cut, raising 250 feet of revetment from an elevation of 5.0 to 7.0: Placing 400 cubic yards of Florida stone, at $2.50 per cubic yard__ 1, 000 Removal of sand from the 300-foot channel across bar: Operation of United States clam-shell dredge No. 13, or similar plant, for a period of two months- 15, 000 Office expenses and supervision -___ 12, 000 Total - . __.. ....... .... 39, 250 676 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of asphalt, automobiles, building material, canned goods, cast-iron pipe, cement, fertilizer, fish, flour, fruits, grain, groceries, hardware, ice, lumber, machinery, meats, oils, rice, rock. sand, soft drinks, sugar, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 776,034 short tons, valued at $18,- 893,001. Of this amount 137,158 short tons, valued at $2,908,143, was export and import commerce; 97,667 short tons, valued at $15.- 208,363, was domestic coastwise commerce; and 541,209 short tons, valued at $776,495, was local commerce. As compared with the preceding year this is an increase of 276 per cent in the total com- merce of the harbor. There is a general increase in all classes of commerce, the largest increase, however, being in local commerce, the largest item of which consisted of rock and sand for construction purposes. The foreign and domestic commerce, about 80 per cent of which used the channel under improvement, was carried in steamers. barges, sailing vessels, and motor boats drawing from 3 to 16 feet. The local commerce, 69 per cent of the total, was carried in motor boats and on lighters drawing from 2 to 5 feet. The Miami-Havana Navigation Corporation, operating the steam- ship City of Miami between Miami and Havana, Cuba, ceased to operate this steamer after April, 1923. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919 ---.--- 240, 222 $7, 694, 098 92, 345 1922----------- 206, 280 $8, 349, 376 80, 337 1920 ...---------- 333, 240 9, 008, 448 85, 450 1923...-----------776, 034 18, 893, 001 123, 968 1921 ....----------- 332, 325 8, 388, 156 67, 824 111,685 of these estimated. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,853.23: New work------------------------------- ----- $1, 060, 248. 69 Maintenance ..-------------- 145, 718. 01 Net total expended --- ---- 1, 205, 966. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 259, 042. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 -. . $83, 293. 97 $38, 275. 41 $135, 146. 22 $50, 851. 00 $45, 155. 88 Expended for maintenance 1 -. 23, 700. 00 23, 192. 72 12, 880. 37 38, 410. 84 38, 429. 62 Total expended 1 ..... -_ 106, 993. 97 61, 468. 13 148, 026. 59 89, 261. 84 83, 585. 50 Appropriated or allotted ________. ______________i 100, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 90, 518. 05 62, 800 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 677 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ $71, 326. 52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923__ ------- 15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------------ 47, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 2, 535. 01 136, 661. 53 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work__ $45, 155. 88 For maintenance ---- --- - 38, 429. 62 83, 585. 50 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 53, 076. 03 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------4, 842. 60 July 1, 1924, balance available___- 48, 233. 43 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_------ 2 39, 250. 00 9. HARBOR AT KEY WEST, FLA. (B4) Location and description.-Key West is located on the island of Key West, near the western end of the Florida Keys. It is about 516 statute miles from Jacksonville, 644 statute miles from New Orleans, and 220 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 584.) The harbor proper lies in front of the town, protected on the eastern side by the island and on the other sides by submerged reefs and sand fiats. It has a length of about 2 miles and a width of about one-quarter mile. Southwest of the harbor proper there is a large anchorage area protected by the reef. Entrance to the harbor is had through breaks in the reef, there being five main and several minor channels. Original condition.-The natural depth in the harbor was from 22 to 28 feet. The northwest entrance was obstructed by a sand shoal, over which the controlling depth was 10.5 feet at mean low water. The main ship channel had a least depth of 29 feet, but scattered coral heads and shoals made it difficult and dangerous for large vessels to enter. The minimum depths in the other principal chan- nels varied from 22 to 30 feet, but all were obstructed by coral heads. The depth in the anchorage was 30 to 45 feet. A draft of 26 feet could be taken into the harbor at low water by way of the main ship or the west channels. Previous projects.-A project for improvement of the northwest entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. A special survey, with a view to preparation of plans for future work, was ordered by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended on these projects was $27,500, of which $25,000 was for the improvement work and $2,500 was for the survey. For further details of previous projects see page 1827 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of coral heads and reefs from the main ship channel and anchorage, so as to give a clear depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width in the channel 2 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 678 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of 300 feet; and for a northwest entrance channel with depth of 17 feet at mean low water and of sufficient width for navigation, to be obtained by the construction of a stone jetty on each side of the entrance and by dredging; removing the middle ground to the extent of widening the channel opposite the wharves to a width of 800 feet and a depth of 26 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 2.6 feet at the northwest entrance and 1.4 feet in the main ship channel and in the harbor. The extreme range of tide is 3.5 feet at the northwest entrance, 2 feet in the main ship channel, and 2.5 feet in the harbor. Ordinary strong winds from any direction appear to have little effect on the water level. Hurricanes, however, have been known to raise the water level 4 feet above mean low water in the harbor when the wind was from the southerly direction. The esti- mate of cost of the east jetty at the northwest entrance was $500,000, for the extension of the east jetty $200,000, and for the west jetty $900,000, or $1,600.000 in all, exclusive of amounts expended on pre- vious projects. No approved estimate of cost of dredging work at that entrance has been made. The estimated cost of the work in the main ship channel and the anchorage was $48,000. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been adopted. Estimated cost of the work in removing the middle ground is $321,200. No estimate of maintenance cost has been adopted. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the northwest entrance (H. Does. No. 145, 50th Cong., 2d sess., and No. 39, 51st Cong., 1st sess., reprinted in Annual Reports for 1889, pp. 1328-1337, and for 1890, pp. 1581-1596), this being later modified by special act approved May 28, 1908, which authorized the application of funds already appropriated to the removal of certain reefs in the main ship channel; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the main ship channel (H. Doc. No. 706. 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The removal of the middle ground was provided for by the act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 185, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 706, Sixty-second Congress, second session; House Document No. 680, Sixty-third Congress, second session; and House Document No. 185, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project. None Local cooperation.-None. Termminal facilities.-These consist of four wharves and six piers, used for general freight, etc., having berthing space of 11,744 feet. All have connection with city streets, two piers having rail connec- tions. Terminals are adequate for present needs, and, with the exception of one wharf are open to the public. In addition to the above there are four Government piers, having a berthing space of 4,138 feet. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the northwest pas- sage affords a safe route from Gulf ports to Key West and by way of the main ship channel to the Atlantic, enabling vessels drawing 17 feet or less to avoid the longer and more dangerous passage through the Straits of Florida. The improvement of the main ship, channel has ma;de it safe to navigate by day or night for vessels RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 679 drawing less than 30 feet. The improved facilities have benefited the commerce, of the port and are of great value to the smaller vessels of the United States Navy, enabling them to reach the naval station at Key West without difficulty or danger. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Work under contract for removal of a portion of the middle ground, was commenced Jan- uary 17, 1923, and completed December 15, 1923. There were re- moved during the fiscal year 37,556.5 cubic yards, providing a chan- nel opposite the wharves 800 feet wide, 3,835 feet long and 26 feet deep at mean low water. Miscellaneous hired labor work was done in connection with the maintenance of the harbor. The expenditures during the year were $73,273.97 for new work, and $1,000 for main- tenance, a total of $74,273.97. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the main ship channel and the anchorage was completed in the calendar year 1914, at a total cost of $31,384.23. A clear channel, with a least depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a least width of 300 feet, was made through the main ship channel, and a reef in the anchorage area, with only 22 feet of water over it, was removed to a depth of 30 feet. A channel 18 feet deep and 250 feet wide at mean low water has been dredged through the northwest channel bar. The removal of the middle ground was completed in the calendar year 1923, the channel being dredged to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water for a width of 800 feet and a length of 3,835 feet oppo- site the wharves. At the northwest entrance the west jetty has been built to a height of from 3 to> 5 feet below mean low water for a length of 6,452 feet, and the east jetty has been built to a height of 3 feet above mean low water for a length of 5,642 feet, and to a height of from 5 to 7 feet below mean low water for a, further length of 5,712 feet. The last work on the west jetty was done in the fiscal year 1900 and that on the east jetty was done in the fiscal year 1909. No further work on the jetties is now contemplated, and, exclusive of the jetties, the project is 91 per cent completed. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths at mean low water were 30 feet for a width of 300 feet in the main ship channel, 26 feet for a width of 800 feet on the middle ground, and 18 feet for a width of 200 feet in the northwest channel. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $1,081,044.62, of which $975,- 368.80 was for new work and $105,675.82 was for maintenance, including $33,658.67 for new work and $224.69 for maintenance in the main ship channel, and $2,274.44 expended in removing coral heads from the main ship channel under authority given in the special act of May 28, 1908, and $305,847.21 expended for new work in removal of the middle ground. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance June 30, 1924, will be applied in maintenance dredging on the northwest bar with United States dredge if required. No additional funds are required as no maintenance dredging is anticipated other than that for which funds are available. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of canned goods, cedar, cigars, coal, fish, flour, fruits, furniture, grain, groceries, hardware, crude and refined oils, 10710-ENG 1924--44 680 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tobacco, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 847,710 short tons, valued at $149,593,059, being divided as follows: 180,767 short tons, valued at $2,091,215, being exports and imports; 44,618 short tons, valued at $5,822,195, being domestic coastwise traffic; 15,986 short tons, valued at $236,560, being local traffic; 351,336 short tons, valued at $76,350,337, being ocean, car-ferry traffic; and 255,003 short tons, valued at $65,092,752, being cargoes in transit. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is a decrease in tonnage of 24 per cent in the shipments and re- ceipts of the port. Anl increase of 437 per cent in local traffic is offset by decreases of 19 per cent in coastwise and 30 per cent in foreign exports and imports (other than ocean car ferry). This is largely due to decreased receipts of crude petroleum and a general decrease in coastwise traffic. Of the total reported, 831,997 short tons, valued at $146,856,499, used the main ship channel; 45,794 short tons, valued at $7,544,841, used the northwest entrance; and 15,986 short tons, valued at $236,560, did not use either entrance. All through commerce not unloaded at the port used the main ship channel. That portion of the commerce using the main ship channel comprised 99 per cent of the total, of which about 20 per cent was carried in steamers drawing from 22 to 28 feet, and 79 per cent was carried in steamers, sail boats, motor boats, and barges drawing from 5 to 21 feet. A number of steamers loaded and light called at Key West for orders and supplies, and many naval vessels used the main ship chan- nel during the year. These ships have a draft as high as 28 feet loaded. About 6 per cent of the tonnage reported for Key West, including some cargoes in transit, utilized the improvement through the northwest channel and was carried in steamers, motor boats, sail boats, and barges drawing from 6 to 16 feet. Less than 1 per cent of the commerce did not use either improvement and was carried in motor boats, sail boats, and barges drawing from 3 to 6 feet. The railroad-car-ferry steamships to Cuba handled about 42 per cent of the entire commerce of the port. No transportation lines were established or abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value Passengers Calendar year Tons Value Passengers . . .. }-- . ... .. " -- I -' - - 19191 ...-------- 1,980, 347 $178, 468, 699 58, 452 19221-....... 890, 931 $85, 882, 226 60, 036 19201 -... -_ 1,082, 760 323, 178, 948 85, 436 1923 1 ----.... 847, 710 149, 593, 059 75, 646 1921 1-... 1, 352, 280 125, 460, 157 72, 318 1 Includes car-ferry traffic and cargoes in transit. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $47,451.83: New work _ 000, 368. 80 $1,---------------------------------- Maintenance 08, 175. 82 1-------------------------------- et total expended ------------------------ 1, 108, 544. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report---------- 1, 125, 200. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 681 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 --- $5, 863. 96 $31, 948. 62 $197, 619. 86 $26, 000. 00 $73, 273. 97 Expended for maintenance 1-__ 1,138. 12 21, 831. 70 7, 062. 75 6, 850. 76 1, 000. 00 Total expended 1 __ _ 7, 002. 08 53, 780. 32 204, 682. 61 32, 850. 76 74, 273. 97 Appropriated or allotted ..--------- 82, 700. 00 22, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 40, 000. 00------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $90, 929. 35 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work_____ _______________________ $73, 273.97 For maintenance _ _ _ 1, 000. 00 74, 273. 97 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 16, 655. 38 1----------------- July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ 71. 22 July 1, 1924, balance available 16, 584, 16 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- 993, 800. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SIMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $50,373.98: New work__ -$2 , 167, 604. 37 Maintenance - 397, 359. 87 Net total expended_ 2, 564, 964. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- 2,677, 248. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ..... I $89,157. 93 $70, 224. 03 $332, 766. 08 $76, 851. 00 $118, 429. 85 Expended for maintenance 1__ 31, 939. 93 45, 113. 48 25, 073. 35 65, 976. 54 39, 692. 44 . .I, i i Total expended 1_...... 121, 097. 86 115, 337. 51 357, 839. 43 142, 827. 54 158, 122. 29 Appropriated or allotted . - . 82, 700. 00 127, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 142, 518. 05 77, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended.-- $194, 071. 17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 15, 000. 00 __-------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924___ ------------ _ 62, 300.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 ---- _ 2, 535. 01 273, 906. 18 Deduction on account of transfer to levees not under Govern- ment control -_-______ 3, 500. 00 270, 406. 18 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work- - ___ $118, 429.85 For maintenance - 39, 692. 44 158, 122. 29 :'Not decducting receipts, from sales, etc. 2 Exclusivee of available funds. 682 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- $112, 283. 89 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities___________________________ 4, 922. 64 July 1, 1924, balance available 107, 361. 25 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 12, 449, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 159, 250. 00 KISSIMMEE, CALOOSAHATCHEE, ORANGE, ANCLOTE, CRYSTAL, WITH- LACOOCHEE, AND SUWANNEE RIVERS, CHARLOTTE HARBOR, SARASOTA BAY, AND CLEARWATER HARBOR, AND BOCA CIEGA BAY, FLA. (GROUP C) 10. KISSIMMEE RIVER, FLA. (Cl) Location and description.-This river now has its source in To- hopekaliga Lake, in the central part of the peninsula of Florida. and flows in a southeasterly direction, emptying into Lake Okeecho- bee. Its total length, including several large lakes through which it flows, is about 137 miles. Originally the river had its source in Lake Kissimmee, but many years ago canals were dug, primarily for drain- age purposes, connecting Lakes Kissimmee, Hatcheneha, Cypress, and Tohopekaliga, thus extending the waterway to the latter lake. It is an extremely sinuous and rather sluggish nontidal stream, vary- ing in width from 50 to 100 feet. The average fall is 0.39 foot per mile. The ordinary low-water discharge at the mouth is about 1,000 second-feet and about 5,000 second-feet at high water. At extreme low water the discharge is much less. Low water usually lasts from March to September and high water from October to January. The drainage area is approximately 3,060 square miles. Original condition.-In its natural state the river was obstructed by sand bars, over which the ruling depth was 2 feet at ordinary low stages, falling to as little as 1 foot or less at extreme low stages. Navigation was also obstructed by snags and by many sharp bends. Some of the latter had been eliminated by cut-offs made at private expense, and canals had been dug connecting the several lakes before improvement of the stream was undertaken by the United States. The head of navigation was at the town of Kissimmee, on Lake To- hopekaliga. The length of the navigable portion was 137 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel width of 30 feet and a depth of 3 feet at ordinary low stage from the town of Kissimmee, on Lake Tohopekaliga, to Fort Bassenger, 3712 miles above the mouth, and also in Istokpoga Creek, a small tributary en- tering 1012 miles above Fort Bassenger, by dredging through shoals, removing snags and overhanging trees, and building pile and brush dams and training walls to close subsidiary channels and concentrate the flow in the main channel. The length of the section included in the project is 991/2 miles in the Kissimmee River, the lakes, and the canals, and 9.4 miles in Istokpoga Creek. The lower end of the sec- tion is 3712 miles from the mouth of the river. The ordinary fluctua- tion of the water level, due to rainfall, is about 2 feet. The extreme fluctuation is about 4 feet at Lake Tohopekaliga and 3 feet at Fort 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 683 Bassenger. The high stage usually occurs during the fall months and the low stage in the spring. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1901, is $24,220.90, the estimate, however, being based on a channel width of but 25 feet in Istokpoga Creek, the limit between the banks in places. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 176, 57th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 137, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. The canals connecting the lakes, though dug primarily for another purpose, extended navigation to the upper lakes, and form a useful and important part of the present waterway. Local residents have dredged cut-offs through several of the worst bends and have re- moved obstructions from the stream at their own expense. To com- pensate for the lowering of the surface of Lake Okeechobee, which is a feature of its plan for the drainage and reclamation of the Ever- glades, the State of Florida is required by War Department permit to build a lock and dam near the mouth of the Kissimmee River and dredge a channel in the river from the lake to the lock, or to do other work necessary to coordinate the improvement of the river for navi- gation with the State's scheme of drainage operations. No construc- tion work has been done under this requirement. Terminal facilities. The facilities consist of small private land- ings along the river. There are no railway connections. Due to difficulties in navigating the river in its present condition, the com- merce is very small and the facilities are adequate for the demands. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done under this improvement facilitated the operation of the boats in use on the river, but prob- ably had no material effect in reducing rates. New railroads have since been built into this territory, and this, together with the fact that the project depths have never been fully maintained, has re- sulted in most of the regular freight boats being withdrawn from the river. Operations and results during fiscul year.-No work was done. An expenditure of $5 was made for inspection and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was about 97 per cent completed at the end of the calendar year 1919, since which time no new work has been done. Channels of project dimensions were dredged through obstructive shoals, snags and overhanging trees were removed, and sheet-pile bulkheads and brush-pile dams were built where necessary to confine and direct the flow. The re- sult of this work was a channel of the full project dimensions from Kissimmee to Fort Bassenger and in Istokpoga Creek. Shoaling occurred and redredging was done. Some of the old bulkheads and dams were also reconstructed and additional ones have been built. The controlling depth is now about 2 feet at ordinary low stages. The total expenditure has been $45,440.50, of which $23,479.18 was for new work and $21,961.32 was for maintenance. 684 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Proposed operations.--The funds available will be applied to the construction of control works on the canals connecting the lakes near the head waters of the river. No additional funds are requested as the funds available are suffi- cient for present needs of navigation. Commercial stal'tstics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of livestock, fruits, vegetables, building material, sand, fertilizer, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 2,412 short tons, valued at $196,334. This tonnage was confined to the lakes in the vicinity of Kissimmee and to a few miles of the upper river. As compared with that of the pre- ceding year this is a decrease in tonnage of 45 per cent. This de- crease has resulted largely from the movement of fish, oranges, and other commodities from the surrounding territory to Kissimmee by motor trucks. About 70 per cent of the total traffic utilized a por- tion of the improved channel for a distance of from 30 to 55 miles from Kissimmee and was carried in steamers towing lighters draw- ing from 1.5 to 2 feet. The remaining 30 per cent was local in Lake Tophopekaliga, being carried by lighters and towed by motor boats drawing from 2 to 2.5 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919__...... .. 10,508 $869,285 1,480 1922___________ 4, 458 $251, 180 500 1920_ ___--.. 7,125 307, 500 1, 000 1923___________ 2, 412 196, 334 550 1921__ 2, 215 163, 290 500 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $562.65: New work__------------------------------------ ------ $23, 479. 18 Maintenance __---__-__________________________- 21, 961. 32 -------------------------------------- Net total expended__ _________________ 45, 440.50 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------_-- 65, 421. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance 1. $292. 06 $12, 478. 43 $651.26 $42. 64 $5.00 Appropriated or allotted___ .... ____ --- ___...__ _______ __ 5,600. 00 10, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 5,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- $14, 985. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 19, 985. 50 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 5. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended___ 19. 980. 50 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------- 2 750. 00 1 ot deducting receip~ts fProm sales,. etc. 2 Excluive of available funds. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 685 11. CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER, FLA. (C2) Location and description.-This river now has its source in Lake Okeechobee, in the southern part of the peninsula of Florida, and flows in a general southwesterly direction, emptying into San Carlos Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico, about 20 miles south of the entrance to Charlotte Harbor and 90 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 473). Its total length is about 84 miles. For the lower 17 miles the river has the characteristics of a tidal estuary from one-half mile to 13/4 miles in width. Above the estuary the width varies from 75 to 350 feet. Originally there was no well-defined, low-water connection with Lake Okeechobee; but many years ago canals were dug, primarily for drainage purposes, connecting the river with that lake through Lake Hicpochee. The river is tidal 'as far as Labelle, 59 miles from the mouth. Above Labelle the fall averages about 0.54 foot to, the mile and from Labelle to, Alva the fall averages about 0.24 foot to the mile. The current is moderate. The normal low-water discharge w'as formerly about 1,100 cubic feet per second and the high-water discharge about 7,000 feet, but the work of the State of Florida in lowering the level of Lake Okeechobee and in constructing locks and dams in the upper portion of the river has resulted in almost entirely shutting off the flow from the lakes. Original condition.-The entrance and the lower p'art of the estu- ary were obstructed by oyster bars, over which the ruling depth was 51/2 feet at low water. At the head of the estuary there is a broad shoal flat, on which the ruling depth was 31/2 feet. Above the estuary the natural depth Was about 4 feet, but navigation was obstructed by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees and impeded by sharp bends. The minimum usable depth was 51/2 feet from the mouth to Fort Myers (15 miles) and 31/2 feet to Fort Thompson (63 miles). The head of navigation was in the marsh west of Lake Hicpochee, about 75 miles above the mouth. By dredging 'a canal from the head of the open waters of the river into Lake Hicpochee and thence into Lake Okeechobee, private enterprise had opened navigation from the Caloosahatchee River, through Lake Okeechobee and the Kissim- mee River to Lake Tohopekaliga, 'a distance of 309 miles above the entrance, before improvement by the United States was undertaken. Tidal influence was perceptible, during low stages of the upper river for a distance of about 40 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The first project for this river was adopted by the river and harbor 'act of August 2, 1882. The amount ex- pended on this project was $9,456.59, all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1828 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep over the bar at the entrance to Punta Rasa and 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep thence to Fort Myers, with a turning basin at that point, and a practicable channel 4 feet deep from Fort Myers to Fort Thompson by dredging on the bar and in the river below Fort Myers, dredging through the shoal at Beautiful Island above Fort Myers and protecting the dredged cut by a pile, brush, and stone training wall and removing loose rocks, logs, snags, and Qverhanging trees from the river between Fort Myers and Fort Thompson. The length of the section covered by the project is 20 miles from the en- 686 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 trance to Fort Myers and 43 miles from Fort Myers to Fort Thomp- son. The mean range of tide at Punta Rasa is 1.6 feet. The extreme range is 2.5 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the entrance above 1.5 feet. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. Since the level of Lake Okeecho- bee has been permanently lowered by the State drainage operations, flood stages of the upper river rarely attain a height of more than 3 feet above ordinary low stage. Under former conditions the water sometimes rose as much as 12 feet above ordinary low stage at Fort Denaud. Under present conditions tidal influence is perceptible at Labelle, 59 miles above the mouth, at low-river stage. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1915 is $132,647, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved esti-- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project for the lower river was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Comn. Doe. No. 8, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The existing project for the upper river was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1236, and for 1888, p. 1095). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 137, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Reco mmended modifications of project.None. Local cooperation.-In connection with its work of lowering the surface of Lake Okeechobee, which is a feature of its plan for the drainage and reclamation of the Everglades, the State of Florida has constructed a lock at Moorehaven near the head of the Caloosa- hatchee River 30 feet wide and 130 feet long (usable length) and was required to dredge a channel not less than 40 feet wide from the lake to Labelle, the bottom sloping from elevation 11 at the lake to eleva- tion 1 at Labelle, or do other work necessary to coordinate the im- provement of the river for navigation with the State's scheme of drainage operations. Under date of April 17, 1920, a War Depart- ment permit was issued authorizing the construction in this section of a lock near Citrus Center, 12 miles below Moorehaven, and a lock and dam near Fort Thompson, both locks to be 30 feet wide and the former to be 142 feet and the latter 144 feet long (usable lengths). These are completed. Terminal facilities.-These consist of three freight piers, one rail.. road terminal pier, one municipal recreation pier, and four privately owned piers. The three freight piers, having a berthing space of about 1,000 feet, are open to the public; one has a railroad spur to the packing house on the outer end; all are connected with the city streets. There are also wooden-pile landings at numerous points on the river, open to the public without charge. The facilities are ade- quate for the present needs of the locality. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement at the entrance and in the lower river has made it possible for coastwise vessels of moderate draft to reach Fort Myers. Irregular service is maintained between Fort Myers and Key West and a regular semiweekly service has been, established 'betwen Fort Myers and Tampa. The improvement ot the upper river has made irregular service possible between Fort RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 687 Myers and Moorehaven and the several towns and many fruit farms on the river. It has also made possible navigation across the lower portion of the State via Caloosahatchee River, Lake Okechobee, and the canals constructed by the State from this lake to, the east coast. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad has constructed a branch south- ward across the canal to the settlement Immokalee, situated about 28 miles south of Labelle. This lbranch crosses the canal about 12 miles west of Moorehaven and about 60 miles above Fort Myers. The towns and settlements between these points are mainly de- pendent on river transportation for their supplies and produce. Operations and results during fiscal year.Maintenance dredg- ing, with hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasota, to the 10-foot channel, Punta Rasa to Fort Myers, was completed July 25, 1923, and maintenance dredging in the 3-foot channel between. Fort Myers and Labelle was completed November 26, 1923. The total length of shoals dredged was 9,126 feet, and 104,357 cubic yards of material were removed. The total expenditure was $24,450.53, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the upper river was completed in 1891, and that for the river below Fort Myers and on the bar at the entrance in 1913. A good 12-foot channel through the bar and a fair 10-foot channel thence to Fort Myers exists. The latter channel was sloughed somewhat in the dredged cut about 12 miles below Fort Myers, and maintenance work is therefore needed. The river from Fort Myers to Labelle has a fair 4-foot channel and thence a fair 3-foot channel to Fort Thomp- son. Three dams, with locks, have been constructed by the State between Fort Thompson and Lake Okechobee. Present control- ling depths at mean low water are 12 feet to Punta Rasa, 9.5 feet to Fort Myers, and 3 feet to Fort Thompson. The total ex- penditure under the, existing project has been $267,016.41, of which $119,502.89 was for new work below Fort Myers and $17,993.17 was for new work above Fort Myers, and $129,520.35 was for maintenance between the Gulf and Fort Thompson. This, includes $4,353.33 expended for new work between Fort Myers and Fort Thompson before the formal adoption of the present project. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be applied to maintenance dredging and removal of snags and overhanging trees between Fort Myers and Fort Thompson. The work will be done with the U. S. dredge Sarasota, about five months' operation being required. No funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926 as no work is expected to be necessary. Coommercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of canned goods, fertilizer, fish, flour, grain and hay, grapefruit and oranges, groceries, hardware, ice, logs, lumber, crate material, naval stores, packing-house products, refined oils, shell, sugar, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 52,149 short tons, valued at $3,394,830. Of this total 9,884 short tons, valued at $1,110,826, was coastwise shipments and receipts passing over the river below Fort Myers; 15,665 short tons, valued at $422,393, was local river commerce below Fort Myers; 26,600 short tons, valued at $1,861,611, was local river commerce above Fort 688 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Myers. As compared with the preceding year this is an increase in tonnage of 15 per cent, a decrease of 24 per cent in coastwise com- merce being more than offset by increases of 15 and 41 per cent, re- spectively, in the river commerce above and below Fort Myers. All of the coastwise commerce passed over the improvement below Fort Myers and was carried in steamers and motor boats drawing from 6 to 8 feet. All of the local commerce above and below Fort Myers was carried in steamers, motor boats, and lighters drawing from 3 to 5 feet. The Florida Railroad & Navigation Co. began operating the steamer Everglades in October, 1923, between Fort Myers, Tampa. and Everglades. Coimnparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year To Passengers 1919...- 29,117 $2,237,685 11,308 1922 - ---- _ I 45 8, 011 1920 ........... _ 38, 454 2,423,761 9,432 1923- ---- ----- 52 3, 665 1921------------ .. 46,485 3,168,544 9, 187 Financialsummanary Amount expended on all projects to tune 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,760.92: New work -------------------------------- $146, 952. 65 Maintenance- 129, 520. 35 Net total expended_ 276, 473. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report__ -- 301, 473.00 - I------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . ..... ____..... ....... ....... ....... -- Expended for maintenance 1- -_ $11, 247. 81 $8, 679. 02 $19,325.89 $13, 556.62 $24, 450.53 Appropriated or allotted ... _.- 9, 000. 00 23, 500. 00 25, 500. 00 -------------- 32, 500.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------$16, 950. 43 Amount allotted from War Department apppropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923-------------------------------_ 7, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department apppropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924___ ___------------ - -- --- -- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 . - -- -. 10 49, 450. 53 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance) 24, 450. 53 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended______------------- _ 25, 000. 00 12. ORANGE RIVER, FLA. (C3) This project was practically completed in the fiscal year, 1903, but maintenance is contemplated. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, as the condition of the channel does not require it. Furthermore, the only boat line that regularly operated on this river has now aban- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 689 doned it. (For a full description of the project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 815.) Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of fertilizer, citrus fruits, and crude oil. The tonnage for the year amounted to 800 short tons, valued at $58,913. As com- pared with the previous year, this is a decrease of 49 per cent. This is a small stream, with no regular transportation lines operating on it. Accurate statistics are not readily available. Any variation in tonnage reported causes a large variation in the percentage of increase or decrease. Good highway connections with Fort Myers has resulted in a large portion of the traffic, formerly carried on the river, now being transported by motor trucks. All of the traffic utilized the improved channel, and was carried by a barge towed by :a motor boat drawing 3 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none were aban- doned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919- - (1) (1) (--------- 1922- ----- . _. - - - - 1,670 $116,054 1920_-__.-_1-- - _ 360 $22, 510 1923 .-- - - - 800 58, 913 1921 1,805 133,170 1 No report. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work------------------- ----------------------------- $2, 000 Maintenance 100 6------------------------ ota expended_______________ Net total Net _________ expnde-------------------------------------------810 8, 100 Total appropriations to date of this report ---------------------------- 8, 100 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -- --- ------------- Expended for maintenance --------------.--------- .---- ------------------ ------ Appropriated or allotted .- - - -- -- 13. CHARLOTTE HARBOR, FLA. (C4) Location and description.-CharlotteHarbor is a large bay on the west coast of Florida. The entrance is 70 miles south of the entrance to Tampa Bay and 150 miles north of Key West. '(See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 175.) From the entrance the harbor extends in an easterly direction about 11 miles, then northwardly about 11 miles. Peace Creek enters at the head of the harbor. About 2 miles up Peace Creek is located the town of Punta Gorda. The general width of the harbor is 5 to 51/2 miles. The total area is about 111 square miles. Original condition.-The depth at .the entrance was 24 feet, except on the bar, where the minimum usable depth was 19 feet at mean low water. From the anchorage to the mouth of Peace Creek there was a channel 15 feet deep, except at shoals 6 to 10 miles from the en- 690 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 trance, where the available depth was 9 feet. From the Peace Creek to the wharves at Punta Gorda the limiting depth was imouthof 8 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-Improvement of Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek was undertaken by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. A project for the improvement of the inside passage from Charlotte Harbor to Punta Rasa (Pine Island Sound) was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended on these projects was $100,000 for Charlotte Harbor and Peace Creek and $6,000 for the inside passage, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1828 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 291 of Annual Report for 1904. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 24 feet deep at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico to Boca Grande, just inside the entrance, by dredging on the bar. The mean range of tide is 1.4 feet. The extreme range is 2 feet. Strong south- westerly winds raise the water level 1 to 11/2 feet. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $40,000. The latest (1912) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doe. No. 699, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-On June 16, 1919, the Chief of Engineers recommended the further improvement of this harbor to the extent of providing a channel 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide, increased to 500 feet wide at the bend, from the Gulf to Boca Grande, at a total estimated cost of $100,000, no expenditure for maintenance being contemplated. (H. Doc. No. 113, 66tLh Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the present project, imposed the condition that local inter- ests contribute one-half of the estimated original cost of the pro- posed improvement. The required contribution of $20,000 was de- posited by the Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway interests with the United States Subtreasury at New York on October 22, 1912, and became available for expenditure on October 26, 1912. Terminal facilities.-These consist of a phosphate wharf at South Boca Grande, and three freight wharves at Punta Gorda. The former has a berthing space. of 250 feet for vessels of 25-.foot or less draft and a phosphate storage shed, capacity 10,000 tons, with me- chanical apparatus for loading vessels. The Charlotte Harbor & Northern Railway track extends to the head of the wharf. One of the wharves at Punta Gorda has railroad connection, the others con- nect with city streets. The facilities at South Boca Grande are in- adequate for the needs of the present commerce and plans are said to have been completed for an additional wharf with loading equip- ment which would double the present capacity. All the wharves are open to the public, except the wharf at Punta Gorda having railroad connection. (For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvemnent of the entrance has enabled deep-draft ships to enter the harbor and has assisted the RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 691 development of a large export trade in phosphate by this route. Changed conditions have decreased the value and importance of the channel to Punta Gorda, and it is now utilized only by small local vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by the United States dredge Caucus in the 24-foot channel through the bar at Boca Grande was completed July 11, 1923. About 26,500 cubic yards of material, bin measurement, were removed. The total expenditure was $29,263.52. all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. Shoaling has occurred at both ends of the dredged channel and maintenance dredging is needed. The controlling depth is 231, feet at mean low water. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $72,734.54, of which $15,578.84 was for new work and $57,155.70 was for maintenance. In addition, $15,562.78 was spent for new work from funds contributed by local interests. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($65,000), 'will be applied to maintenance dredging on Boca Grande Bar with a United States seagoing dredge, if required. Operation of United States hopper dredge for three months, at $20,000_ $60, 000 Superintendence and contingencies -- 5, 000 Total - 65, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of automobiles, cement, fertilizer, fish, grain, groceries, citrus fruits, hardware, ice, lumber, oils, pebble phosphate, wood, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 437,237 short tons, valued at $2,699,120. Of this total 150,176 short tons, valued at $650,262 were exported to foreign ports; 273,296 short tons. valued at $1,183,372, were exported coastwise; 657 short tons, valued at $33,663, were imported coastwise; and the balance, 13,108 short tons, valued at $831,823, was transported locally on the bay. As compared with the preceding year, this is an increase in tonnage of 18.7 per cent. This increase is due to an increase in domestic coastwise and for- eign export of phosphate, which is partly offset by a slight decrease in local traffic. Approximately 97 per cent of the total tonnage used the improved channel over the bar at the entrance only, being carried in steamers and other vessels drawing from 20 to 24 feet. The remaining 3 per cent used the improved channel over the bar and up to Punta Gorda, being carried in motor boats drawing from 3 to 9 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919_ 235,852 $2, 079,188 1, 200 1922.... . 351, 403 $2, 299, 476 1, 500 1920 497, 563 3, 610, 904 1, 480 1923 ___ 437, 237 2, 699, 120 1, 825 1921_.. .. 303, 576 2, 181, 177 2, 050 692 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $326.25: New work ___ ---------------------------- $121. 578. 84 Maintenance !------------------ 57. 155. 70 Net total expended --- '178, 734. 54 Total appropriations to date of this report._ _. - - 178. 734. 54 --- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ -- -- ---- -I----------'---------- Expended for maintenance 2 -.. $21, 547. 10 $546. 51 $10. 21 $6, 114. 61 $20, (63. 52' Appropriated or allotted ._------ 15, 000. 00 -------------------- 15, 000. 00 20, 0 00.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -___ $8. 937. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922-----------------------.-- 20. 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 _ 326. 25 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal yea'r, for maintenance__ 29. 263. 52 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_ _____- _-5. 000. 00 14. SARASOTA BAY, FLA. (C5) Location and description-SarasotaBay is a shallow sound on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. At its northern end it con- nects with the southern extremity of Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 176.) The improvement includes Little Sarasota Bay, a smaller sound immediately to the southward. Sarasota Bay is about 20 miles long and from one-half to 3 miles wide. Little Sarasota Bay is about 10 miles long and from 300 feet to three-quarters mile wide. It is connected with Sarasota Bay by a narrow waterway about, 3 miles in length, known as " The Man- groves." Original condition.-The natural depth in Sarasota Bay varied from 4 to 12 feet, and in Little Sarasota Bay from 1 to 5 feet. The entire waterway was obstructed by oyster bars, sand flats, and some bowlders. The minimum usable depth in the channel in Sarasota Bay was 5 feet at mean low water, except in two reaches aggregating 5,400 feet in length, where the depth was from 3.5 to 4.3 feet. In Little Sarasota Bay the usable depth was not over 1 or 2 feet, while the bed of the waterways between the two bays was bare except at high tide. Previous projects.-A project for deepening the channel from Tampa Bay to Sarasota was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was extended by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, to Casey Pass, and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, to Venice. The amount expended on these projects. 1 In addition, $15,562.78 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 693 was $125,000.50, of which $75,854.45 was for new work and $49,- 146.05 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 776 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 7 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay through Sarasota Bay to Sarasota by way of Bulkhead Cut, Cortez Cut, to Longboat Inlet, and thence near Long Key; and thence 75 feet wide and 3 feet deep at mean low water through Little Sarasota Bay to Venice, by dredging through shoals. The length of the section covered by the project is 38 miles. The mean tidal range is 1.5 feet. The extreme range is 2 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 1.5 feet. Northerly winds prevail during the winter months and southerly winds during the summer months. The water level is usually lower in the winter than at other times. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $172,000. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 844, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one municipal concrete pier, one railway pier, and nine privately owned boat landings. The municipal and railway piers are open to the public and have a com- bined frontage of about 400 feet. The facilities are adequate for the present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.-This improvement has contributed mate- rially to the development of the Sarasota Bay region by making a regular transportation service possible and by reducing the cost of transportation to the markets. The entrance of the railroad into this territory has lessened somewhat the importance of the water routes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-M'aintenance, dredging in the 7-foot channel between Tampa Bay and the town of Sarasota and in the 3-foot channel between S'arasota and Venice was begun in February, 1924, and completed on June 14, 1924, the work being done by the U. S. dredge Sarasota. The aggregate length of the cuts dredged was 12,100 feet, and 92,990 cubic yards of soft material were removed. The total expenditure was $19,302.12, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is: about 90 per cent completed. The 7-foot channel in Sarasota Bay is completed. In Little Sarasota Bay channels 3 feet deep and from 40 to 75 feet wide have been dredged. The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet from Tampa Bay to the town of Sarasota, and 3 feet to Venice. At extreme low tides of winter the depths are reduced 11/2 feet. The work remaining to be done is the widening of the channel in Little Sarasota Bay, but as this 3-foot channel can be: used only by small bo'ats this widening is not needed. The total expenditure on the existing project has been $184,104.19, of which $164,259.21 was for new work and $19,844.98 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Maintenance dredging was completed in the fiscal year 1924, all available funds being applied to this work. 694 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($15,000), it is proposed to dredge for maintenance with a Government plant, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota, 3 months .......... _ $12, 000 Superintendence, contingencies, etc _ __ 3, 000 Total............................ 15, 000 This amount is considerably in excess of the approved annual cost of maintenance, but the shallow and narrow dredged cuts adjacent to shallow sand banks in the wide sections of' the bay are subjected to a considerable sloughing in of the banks during stormy weather. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of canned goods, fish, flour, fruit, groceries, hard- ware, ice, meats, manufactured iron, sugar, vegetables, and general merchandise. The tonnage for the year amounted to 5,661 short tons, valued at $565,993. As compared with the preceding year this isa decrease of 44 per cent. The decrease is general, showing prin- cipally, however, in refined oils and other coastwise receipts. Of the total tonnage 60 per cent used the channel at Sarasota Bay 'and was carried in steamers and motor boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. A total of 15 per cent used the channel in Little Sarasota Bay 'and was carried in motor boats and on lighters drawing from 2.5 to 3 feet. Practically none of the commerce was continuous over both improve- ments. Service was suspended for a period of six months by the principal steamer lines. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919 _ .. .... 4, 322 $355, 143 208 .1922 10, 036 $1, 015, 914 16, 498 1920 -.. .... 5, 439 571, 040 200 1923 -- _ 5, 661 565,993 6, 714 1921 .... . 5, 069 437, 905 2, 945 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,854.84: New work------------------ $240, 113. 66 Maintenance__---- -- 68, 991. 03 Net total expended_ 309, 104. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report--- - 310, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 10 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $5, 378. 85 $65,876.23 $28, 251. 80 $65, 612. 35 Expended for maintenance 893. 86 43. 36 $19, 302. 12 Total expended 1_- 6, 272. 71 65, 876. 23 28, 295. 16 65, 612. 35 19, 302. 12 Appropriated or allotted _ .- 70, 000. 00 18, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 695 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____-- _______________ ___$15, 697. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 20, 697. 43 June 30,1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 19, 302. 12 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------____ 1, 395. 31 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 1, 395. 31 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ____--_ - 7, 740. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance --- - 15, 000. 00 15. CHANNEL FROM CLEARWATER HARBOR THROUGH BOCA CIEGA BAY TO TAMPA BAY, FLA. (C6) Location and description.-Clearwater THarbor and Boca Ciega Bay are sounds on the west coast of the peninsula of Florida, north of Tampa Bray, separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of low sand keys. With the Narrows, which connects them, they form a part of the coastal waterway from Tampa Bay to St. Josephs Sound. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 177 and 178.) Boca Ciega Bay connects at its southern extremity with the lower part of Tampa Bay. It is from one-half to 3 miles wide and about 14 miles long, with natural depths varying from 1 to 31 feet, but generally about 5 to 9 feet. The Narrows is about 4 miles long and from 300 feet to a quarter of a mile in width, with depths varying from one-half foot to 6 feet or more. Clearwater Harbor is about 8 miles long and from one-half mile to 134 miles wide, with general depths of from 2 to 4 or 5 feet. Original condition.-The minimum usable depth through the waterway composed of Clearwater Harbor, the Narrows, and Boca Ciega Bay was 3 feet in Clearwater Harbor, one-half foot or less in the Narrows, and about 4 feet in Boca Ciega Bay. The channels were narrow and tortuous, winding between extensive sand flats. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water from Clearwater Harbor to Boca Ciega Bay and through the upper part of said bay, thence 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean low water to Tampa Bay. The length of the waterway covered by the project is 26 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.8 feet. The extreme range is about 2.3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 11/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $101,200. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for all except the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No,. 1190, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 8-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 135, I Exclusive of available funds. 696 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in these docu- ments. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of six wharves, used for freight and passengers, having a total berthing space of 540 feet. All have highway connections, the wharf at Gulfport having connections with the electric railway also. The facilities are ample for the, needs of the locality and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened up a safe inside route between Tampa and points on Clearwater Harbor and Anclote anchorage, including Anclote Harbor, and has shortened the distance from Tampa to Clearwater from 72 miles to 54 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Expenditures, amounting to $311.63, were made for inspections and miscellaneous expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. Shoal- ing has occurred in several places in the upper bay and the channel near Indian Pass is practically closed. The controlling depth at the entrance is 8 feet and in the upper bay 21/2 feet. The total expendi- ture has been $132,337.12, of which $105,877.01 was for new work and $26,460.11 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be expended in dredging and rock removal in a new cut shoreward of the present and almost closed channel at Indian Pass. Work will be completed by December 1, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance work in the cut at Point Pinellas where Boca Ciega Bay connects with Tampa Bay, and also to several dredged cuts in the central and northern portions of the bay. The work will be done by hired labor and the U. S. dredge Sarasota. Operation of U. S. dredge Sarasota, 3 months $12, 000 Superintendence, contingencies, etc --------------------------- 3, 000 Total __----------------------------__ 15, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of crabs, fish, gasoline, kerosene, and ice. The tonnage amounted to 5,174 short tons, valued at $340,592. As coinm- pared with the preceding year, this is an increase of 117 per cent due to increased shipments of all commodities. The total tonnage used portions of the improved channel and was carried in motor boats drawing from 8 feet to under 4 feet. No transportation lines were established and none were abandoned during the year. Several addi- tional motor boats were added on the route from St. Petersburg to Clearwater. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919- - .-. - 5, 578 $233, 511 66, 017 1922_ -------- 2, 383 $148, 712 30, 000 1920- - .. - - 2, 827 251, 678 24, 000 1923 . . . . 5, 174 340, 529 22, 184 1921-........ 2, 403 162,117 25, 000 i 1 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 697 Financial sumnmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work -------------- $105, 877. 01 Maintenance ... _._ 26, 460. 11 Net total expended-------------------------------------132, 337. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 147, 121. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _________ $13, 399. 33 $9, 202. 26 Expended for maintenance .__ _.. 2, 900. 51 $87. 73 $12, 470. 34 $311.6 3 Total expended .... 13, 399. 33 12, 102. 77 87. 73 12, 470. 34 311. 63 Appropriated or allotted -__- 9, 000. 00 - 14, 000. 00 0. 00 13, 500. 00 July 1. 1923, balance unexpended ________________________- $1, 596. 38 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 -__ 13, 500.00 15, 096. 38 June 30. 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 311. 63 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 14, 784. 75 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities- _ 885. 22 Juiy 1,11924, balance available---------------------------------13, 899. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1926. for maintenance__ ' 15, 000. 00 16. ANCLOTE RIVER, FLA. (C7) Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows southwestwardly, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 38 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 178.) Its total length is about 20 miles. In its upper reaches the river is very crooked and flows sluggishly between comparatively high banks from 20 to 60 feet apart. For 3 miles above Tarpon Springs the width varies from 60 to 100 feet. Below Tarpon Springs the river becomes a tidal estuary, varying in width from 600 to 1,200 feet. The river is tidal for 9 miles above Tarpon Springs. The fresh-water dis- charge, largely from springs, is about 500 cubic feet per second. The drainage area is about 100 square miles. Original condition.--The entrance and the estuary were obstructed by sand bars and shoals, and the channel was narrow and tortuous, with depths varying from 2 to 14 feet at low water. The limiting depth was about 21/2 feet, but the channel was so winding as to be impracticable. The head of navigation for vessels of any size was the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, but small launches ran and log- ging was carried on for about 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Eeisting project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from Anclote Anchorage, leading from SExclusive of availabl funds. 698 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the Gulf of Mexico to Sponge Harbor, inside the river, and thence 4 feet deep at mean low water to the county bridge at Tarpon Springs, by dredging through the shoals. The length of the section included in the project is about 41 miles. The mean range of tide is about 1.5 feet at the entrance and 2 feet at Tarpon Springs. The extreme range is about 2 feet at the entrance and 2.5 feet at Tarpon Springs. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter, lower the water level about 112 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $51,500. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 200, 55th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 18, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Reconmmended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-Consist of one marginal wharf, berth space 330 feet, with about 4 feet of water, used by sponge and fish boats and small launches. Highway connection only. The facilities are ample for the needs of the locality. (For a full description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvment has resulted in making Tarpon Springs the headquarters for the sponging fleet on the west coast and the most important sponge market in the United States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Expenditures amounting to $198.33 were made for office expense and miscellaneous inspections, and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was reported com- pleted in 1910. A channel has been dredged generally to project dimensions from the Gulf to Tarpon Springs, but scattered rock areas are found within the channel limits over which less than project depth exists. The controlling depth at mean low water is about 5 feet to Sponge Harbor, and 4 feet to the town of Tarpon Springs. The cuts below Sponge Harbor were damaged to some extent by the wave action during the hurricane of October, 1921, when the tide rose to approximately 6 feet above mean low water. The total expenditure has been $75,079.78, of which $51,651.50 was for original work and $23,428.28 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1924, it is proposed to dredge for maintenance in the lower river between Anclote Anchorage and Sponge Harbor, completing same November 1, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($8,000), will be applied to maintenance work between Sponge Harbor and the turning basin at Tarpon Springs, by the operation of the U. S. dredge Sarasota for two months. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of fish, guano, ice, oils, pine logs, sponges, water, and wood. The tonnage for the year amounted to 11,088 short tons, valued at $2,107,968. As compared with that of the pre- ceding year, this is an increase of 43 per cent. This was due princi- RIVERS AND I-HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 699 pally to an increase in shipments of fish, pine logs, and unclassified tonnage. The commerce is carried mostly by about 100 sponging boats. Owing to its nature accurate statistics are difficult to obtain. All of the traffic is carried in or towed by motor boats drawing from 3 to 5 feet. There are approximately 20 large boats, affording living accommodations for their crews, used in the sponging busi- ness tributary to Tarpon Springs, with draft up to 11 feet, that can not reach Tarpon Springs owing to the lack of channel depth. No lines of transportation were established and none were aban- doned during the year. Coimparative statement Tons Tons Year Value Year Value Floated Floated Freight Freight logs logs 1919_- - 5, 867 7, 345 $1, 076, 269 _ ... 1922.... .-- 7, 618 150 $1, 435, 565 1920- .---- 3, 280 None. 960, 769 1923............. 10, 470 618 2, 107, 968 1921......... 8, 010 4, 500 1, 166, 175 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $365: New work $51, 651. 50 Maintenance-- 23, 428. 28 Net total expended 75, 079. 78 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------89, 242.10 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work.-------- Expended for maintenance 1-... $25. 45 $2,674.55 $42. 10 $4, 779. 35 $1 98.33 Appropriated or allotted_ --- - - 5,000.00 14, 000. 00 Jully 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ $14, 360. 65 June 30. 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 198. 33 July 1. 1924, balance unexpended -- ---- _- -14, 162. 32 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----- 2, 812. 03 July 1, 1924. balance available 11, 350. 29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance-__--- ----------------- -------- 2 8, 000. 00 17. CRYSTAL RIVER, FLA. (C8) This project was reported completed in the fiscal year 1907, but maintenance is contemplated. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, reueipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of availabe fund-s. 1 Not; deducting 700 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 as the channel in its present condition is sufficient to meet the re- quirements of the small commerce that now makes use, of it. For full description of the project see Annual Report for 1919, page 828. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of fish, oysters, and rafted cedar logs. The total for the year amounted to 514 short tons, valued at $46,452. As compared with the previous year, this is an increase of 367 per cent. There was an increase in fish shipments, and shipments of oysters and cedar logs were made. The traffic was all carried in small motor boats drawing from 1.5 to 3 feet. No lines were established and none were abandoned during the year. Conmparative statement Tons Tons Year Value Year Value Passen- Freight Floated Freight Floatedgers 1919------------- 300 60 $54, 000 1922..--------- 110 - $11,013 I- .------- 1920------------.. 124 (1) 19,840 --------- 1923 454 60 46,452 2250 1921------------- 808 108 64,000 1 No statistics available. 2No passengers reported in previous years. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $225: New work-------------------------- ------------------------ $25, 000 Maintenance---------------- --------------- ---------- -9, 000 Net total expended ----------------------------------------- 34. 000 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------------34,. 000 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Expended for maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appropriated or allotted_ 18. WITHLACOOCHEE RIVER, FLA. (C9) Location and description.-This river rises in the central part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a general northwestwardly and westwardly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 20 miles southeast of Cedar Keys, Fla., and 95 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 179.) For a large part of the distance from the headwaters to Stokes Ferry (42 miles above the mouth) the river flows through a series of swamps, lakes, and wooded lagoons, with frequently more than one channel through the latter. Widths vary from 30 to 250 feet and slopes and currents are moderate. Below Stokes Ferry the river is generally confined to a single channel with an average width of 80 to 100 feet and a somewhat greater fall and swifter current. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 701 lower 9 miles are tidal, with widths of 75 to 150 feet. The area of the drainage basin is about 766 square miles. The low-water dis- charge above Blue Springs Run (29 miles above the mouth) is 271 cubic feet per second and below that point 940 second-feet. The high-water discharge is about 2,000 second-feet. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by rock shoals and loose rocks, snags, bowlders, overhanging trees, and aquatic vegeta- tion. The controlling depth was about 2 feet, but the narrow, crooked channels over the rock shoals were impassable at low stages.. The entrance from the Gulf was narrow and crooked and obstructed by reefs, over which the limiting depth was 11/2 to 3 feet at mean low water. The head of barge navigation was Pembertons Ferry, 85 miles above the mouth, but the river was navigable for small boats to Dobes Hole, 30 miles farther up the stream. Previous projects.-A project for the improvement of the entrance was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended under this project was $30,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1832 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing and maintaining a channel 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from the 10-foot contour in the Gulf of Mexico to Port Inglis, just within the river entrance, by dredging and rock excavation and for removing snags, overhanging trees, and loose rock, and cutting through shoals in the upper river, with a view to making a draft of 2 feet available for about half the year as far as Pembertons Ferry, 85 miles above the mouth. The lengths of the sections included in the project are 4.1 miles from the Gulf to Port Inglis and 85 miles to Pembertons Ferry. The mean tidal range is 2.8 feet, and the extreme range is about 3.5 feet at the mouth. The effect of the tide is perceptible for about 11 miles above the mouth. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the mouth about 1 foot, and strong northerly winds, which usually occur during the winter, lower the water level about 11/2 feet. Freshets raise the water level in the upper river from 4 to 6 feet and at the mouth about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1906, is $239,300, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the work in the upper river' (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 1110-1119); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the work at the entrance (H. Doc. No. 483, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), which document contains the latest pub- lished map of the entrance. The latest published map of the river to Pembertons Ferry is in House Document No. 199, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. Between 1894 and 1902 the Dunnellon Phosphate Co. dredged a chan- nel through the shoals at the mouth of the river and up the river to Inglis, 7 miles above the mouth, 8 feet or more deep for the greater part of its length, with a limiting depth of 5.9 feet, at an expenditure 702 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 of about $200,000. This work, while primarily for the benefit of the company to enable it to ship the product of its mines, was also of general benefit to navigation, and the channel dug now forms part of the adopted project. Under permit granted by the Secretary of War April 16, 1904, the Florida Power Co. has built a power dam across the river 11 miles above the mouth, creating a pool extending nearly to Dunnellon, 241/2 miles above the mouth. The company is building a lock 134 by 36 feet at the dam, and when this is completed the work will be of con- siderable benefit to navigation in this stretch. Terminal facilities.-These consist of two wharves 12 by 50 feet and 20 by 50 feet at Port Inglis, one small wharf at Inglis owned by the railroad, one small dock at Panasoffkee open to public use, and private landing docks are scattered along the river. The facilities are considered ample for present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The incomplete improvement of the up- per river has had no appreciable effect on freight rates and has been of but liinited benefit to commerce. The improvement from Port Inglis to the Gulf, partly by Federal and partly by private funds, reduced freight rates on phosphate from this territory fully 50 per cent and opened up an outlet for a large tonnage in this commodity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the entrance is about 85 per cent completed. The channel from Port Inglis to the 10-foot contour in the Gulf has been dredged to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water and a width of 85 feet. To complete the project the channel should be widened 15 feet. The total expenditure on this work has been $276,392.18, of which $255,385.29 was for new work and $21,006.89 was for maintenance. Snags, overhanging trees, sunken logs, and loose rock and bowlders and some rock ledges were removed from the upper river, enabling light-draft boats to ascend the river to Pembertons Ferry, except at low stages. This project was practically completed during the fiscal year 1893, but the river has become obstructed by logs, snags, and water hyacinths and also by numerous phosphate inclines built by the phosphate mining companies. The total expenditure on this work has been $30,869.54, of which $29,700 was for new work prior to 1894 and $1,169.54 was for subsequent maintenance. The. controlling depths are, from the Gulf to Inglis, about 7 miles from the mouth, 8.2 feet; from Inglis to lock in Florida Power Co.'s dam, 11 miles above the mouth, 5 feet ; from the lock to Stocktons Ferry, 38.9 miles above the mouth, 4 feet; from Stocktons Ferry to the head of navigation at Istachatta, 76 miles above the mouth, the limiting depth is 2 feet during half the year and 1 foot during low stage, but navigation is more or less continually obstructed by water hyacinths. The depths are referred to mean low water of the Gulf from the Gulf to the dam and to low-water stage of the river above that point. The total expenditure under the existing project has been $307,- 261.72, of which $285,085.29 was for new work and $22,176.43 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1916 the phosphate company that formerly shipped its product out of the Withlacoochee RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 703 River arranged to ship by rail to east coast ports, and the movement by river below Inglis has ceased. Until commerce by this route revives no further work on the lower river is necessary. No funds are available and none are requested. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of fertilizer, fish, fruit, logs, lumber, crossties, oysters, and vegetables. The tonnage for the year amounted to 6,456 short tons, valued at $376,674. Of this amount 1,701 short tons, valued at $236,100, entered the river at Port Inglis and 4,755 short tons, valued at $140,574, moved over the river near Istachatta. As compared with that of the preceding year, this is an increase of 136 per cent. This is due to a general increase in the commerce of both the upper and lower river principally in fish, fruit, and logs. The tonnage was moved in motor boats and barges drawing from 2.5 to 3 feet. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Tons Tons Year Value Year Value Freight Floategs Freight Floated logs 1919---------------- 840 1, 456 $75,277 1922.---------------- 938 1,800 $74,200 1920-............ - 5,925 280 129,915 1923 .- 3,156 3, 300 376,674 1921 ------------- - 1, 342 3, 938 102, 328 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $690.85: New work ----------------------------------------- $315, 085. 29 Maintenance----------- ------------------------------ 22, 176. 43 Net total expended----------------- ---------------- 337, 261. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 337, 261. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--- -------------- Expended for maintenance 1---- $5, 248. 21 $442. 64 Appropriated or allotted------- -------------- - 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 19. SUWANNEE RIVER, FLA. (C1O) Location and description.-This river has its source in the Okefe- noke Swamp, in the southern part of Georgia, and flows in a general southerly direction, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 115 miles north of the entrance to Tampa Bay and 12 miles northwest of Cedar Keys. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 17.) Its total length is about 250 miles. From its headwaters to Ellaville (135 miles above the mouth) the stream gradually increases in width 10710-ENG 1924--45 704 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 from about 75 to 150 feet. Below Ellaville the widths increase from 150 to 500 feet at the passes, where the river divides to enter the Gulf. The river is tidal for 25 miles above the mouth. Above the tidal section the slope is steep and the current rapid. Extreme fluctuations, due to freshets, occur. The drainage area is about 1,300 square miles. The normal discharge is about 1,740 cubic feet per second at low water at Ellaville. Low water usually occurs in the winter and high water in the fall months. Originalcondition.-The river was obstructed by soft rock shoals, over which the channel was narrow and very crooked, with depths of from a very few inches to 3 feet. Navigation was also hindered by snags, overhanging trees, and bowlders. The entrance was ob- structed by sand bars and shell reefs. The minimum usable depth was 3.8 feet at mean low wate over the bars at the entrance, 5 feet to Rolands Bluff (75 miles above the mouth), 11/2 feet at mean low stage to Ellaville (135 miles above the mouth), and about 1 foot from Ellaville to White Springs (172 miles above the mouth). Above White Springs the river was impassable at low stages. The head of navigation for steamers was Ellaville, but small boats could ascend to White Springs, and the river could be used for logging and raft- ing at high stages for some distance above this point. Previous projects.-By act of March 3, 1839, the sum of $15,000 was appropriated for removing obstructions at the mouth of this river and for a survey of the river. The sum of $10,154.02 was ex- pended in this work, none of which was for maintenance. For scope of previous project, see page 1832 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.---This provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean low water through the shoals at the entrance and up to Rolands Bluff (75 miles above the mouth) and 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low stage from Rolands Bluff to Ella- ville (135 miles above the mouth) and for a channel 6 feet deep through Derrick Island Gap, at the south end of Suwannee Sound, by dredging through shoals, removing snags, and loose rock, 'and constructing wing dams to close subsidiary channels. The length of the section included in the project is 135 miles. The mean range of tide at the entrance is 2.4 feet. The extreme range is 3 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level at the entrance about 1 foot. Strong northerly winds lower the water level about 11/ feet. Tidal influence is perceptible for about 40 miles above the mouth. Freshets raise the water surface from 14 to 23 feet above mean low stage at Rolands Bluff (Branford) and from 19 to 30 feet at Ellaville. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $55,158. The latest approved esti- mate of cost for annual maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (H. Doc. No. 82, 45th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1879, p. 857). It was modified by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, which authorized the expenditure of part of the appropriation for this river in dredging the inside channel to Cedar Keys, through Derrick Island Gap. The latest published map is in House Document No. 108, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 705 Terminal facilities. These consist of two wharves with berth space of 1,534 feet and with a depth of water of about 12 feet. Rail- way and highway connections. Used by river steamers and launches. Adequate for present needs. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of imnprovement.-The improvement was of considerable value when the greater part of the work was done, as the river at that time afforded the only means of transportation for the tributary country and carried a large commerce by way of Cedar Keys, the movement of which was greatly facilitated by the improvement made. With the building of railroads into this territory and the consequent changes in routes of traffic, the value and importance of the Suwannee River as an avenue of commerce has declined, and it is now but little used by boats. The improvement has had no ascer- tainable effect on freight rates. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-The river was dredgecJ from the Gulf to Branford with leased plant, a channel 5 feet deep and about 100 feet wide being secured by the removal of soft ma- terial amounting to 17,580 cubic yards. The amount expended was $13,000, all of which was for maintenance. Condition,at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 95 per cent completed. Cuts have been dredged through the bars at the mouth and in Derrick Island Gap; rock shoals, snags, and other obstruc- tions have been removed from the river, and wing dams built with the broken rock. The result of this work was a good practical chan- nel, 5 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide, from the Gulf to Rolands Bluff; 4 feet deep and 30 to 100 feet wide within 21/2 miles of Ella- ville, and 6 feet deep and 70 feet wide through Derrick Island Gap. Some deterioration has occurred, but the controlling depth at mean low water is now about 5 feet to Rolands Bluff. To complete the project it would be necessary to dredge through several rock shoals below Ellaville. The total expenditure on the existing project has been $88,658.00, of which $66,263.94 was for new work ($10,000 be- ing applied to construction of a combined dredging and snagging boat), and $22,394.06 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is expected to be necessary during the fiscal years 1925 and 1926. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted of logs. The total for the year amounted to 24,223 short tons, valued at $64,781. As compared with the preceding year, this is an increase of about 12 per cent, due to increased shipments of logs. No lines of transportation were established and none were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Tons Tons Year Value Year Value Freight logsedFreight Floated ogs logs 1919..--........ -.. 325 24,000 $157,000 1922------...........- 21,216 $66,649 1920--..... .. -. -65 21,650 130,475 1923 ... 24,223 64, 781 1921................ 27 34,976 163,840 706 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $78.90: New work $76, 41.7. 96 Maintenance--------------------------------- 22, 394. 06 Net total expended---------------------------------------98, 812. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report-- - -- 98, 812. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 E xpended for n ew w ork -......- - -_----- 0 -0.-- - - Expended for maintenance 1---- ------------------------------------- --- $13,000.00 Appropriated or allotted __________ ___ _______ _______ __ $13, 000. 00 - - July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- $13, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 13,000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,864.41: New work--------------------------------------- $1,108, 156. 09 Maintenance--------------------------- 387, 187. 28 Net total expended--- ----------- ----------------- 1, 495, 343. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 570, 666. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - $18, 778. 18 $75, 078. 49 $28, 251. 80 $65, 612. 35 - - Expended for maintenance 1-.. 34, 006. 28 27, 279. 02 25, 408. 76 37, 406. 20 $86, 531. 13 Total expended 1_ .---. 52, 784. 46 102, 357. 51 53, 660. 56 103, 018. 55 86, 531. 13 Appropriated or allotted...-. 33, 000. 00 29, 100. 00 124, 500. 00 65, 000. 00 76, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------$85, 527. 66 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved June 30, 1922_ 33, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------ ------------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924-- -------------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 326. 35 161, 854. 01 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 86, 531. 13 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------------------- 75, 322. 88 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------------------------_ 5,092. 56 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------------------70, 230. 32 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- 8, 490. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance. . .- 2103, 000. 00) 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not: deducting rece ipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 707 TAMPA HARBOR, ST. PETERSBURG HARBOR, AND MANATEE RIVER,, FLORIDA. (GROUP D) 20. TAMPA HARBOR, FLA. (D1) Location and description.-This harbor is a large natural inden- tation of the Gulf of Mexico approximately midway of the western coast of the peninsula of Florida. The entrance is about 220 miles north of Key West, about 330 miles from Pensacola, 360 miles from Mobile, and 512 miles from New Orleans. Its form is roughly that of a Y, of which Tampa Bay (proper) constitutes the stem, old Tampa Bay the upper left branch, and Hillsboro Bay, into which flows the Hillsboro River, the upper right branch. The tongue be- tween the two branches is the Interbay Peninsula, terminating in Gadsden Point. Tampa Bay (proper) varies from 7 to 10 miles in width and has two main entrances from the Gulf of Mexico-the main channel, five-eighths of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines, and the southwest channel, one-quarter of a mile wide between the 18-foot depth lines. Old Tampa Bay is about 13 miles long and from 2 miles to 6 miles wide, and its natural depth was 1 to 36 feet. Hills- boro Bay is about 9 miles long and 41/2 miles wide. The natural depth varies from about 14 feet at the entrance to 16 or 18 feet through the central portion, diminishing to 5 or 6 feet near its head at the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows in a southwesterly direction to Hillsboro Bay. Its total length is about 51 miles, of which the lower 10 miles up to the dam of the Tampa Electric Co. is tidal. The width is from 300 to 500 feet below the Lafayette Street Bridge and thence averages 125 feet to Sulphur Springs, 8 miles above the mouth, and thence about 100 feet to the dam. Above this dam the river is narrow, crooked, and obstructed, with a maxi- mum width of 125 feet, though the average width is considerably less. From the head of the river to the dam (41 miles) the fall is 31 feet and thence to the mouth it is 3 feet. The drainage area is approximately 260 square miles and the fresh-water discharge, largely from springs, is about 500 feet per second. The city of Tampa lies at the head of Hillsboro Bay, Port Tampa lies at the southwest corner of Interbay Peninsula, and St. Petersburg lies near the southern end of Pinellas Peninsula on the west side of Tampa Bay (proper). (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart 177.) Originalcondition.-In Tampa Bay (proper) the greatest natural depths varied from 21 to 36 feet, with 21 to 38 feet in a large an- chorage area south of Interbay Peninsula. A draft of 20 to 21 feet could be carried at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico to the deep water south of Interbay Peninsula and 15 feet over the shoals in old Tampa Bay. Vessels drawing 12 feet could enter Hillsboro Bay at low water, but the minimum usable depth in the upper part of the bay was 5 feet at mean low water in a narrow, curving chan- nel leading to the mouth of the Hillsboro River. The latter was obstructed by bars, the limiting depth being about 5 feet at mean low water. Beginning at the mouth and continuing to a point a short distance above the site of the Lafayette Street Bridge the river was 12 to 14 feet deep; to Sulphur Springs the limiting depth over 708 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the shoals was about 6 feet, and then it decreased rapidly to 3 feet at the Tampa Electric Co.'s dam,which was the head of navigation. Previous projects.-ForTampa Bay: The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. Work under this project was confined to what is now called Hillsboro Bay and the mouth of Hillsboro River. A modification of this project was adopted by ,theriver and harbor act of August 11, 1888. The amount expended on these projects was $130,000, of which $50,000 was expended in old Tampa Bay and $80,000 in Hillsboro Bay and the mouth of Hillsboro River. All of this expenditure was for new work. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: A project for deepening the channel to the city of Tampa was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, under the title of " Improving Tampa Bay." A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. A third project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The amount expended on these projects was $740,157.70, of which $723,050.46 was for new work and $17,107.24 was for maintenance. In addition, $80,000 was spents for new work in Hillsboro Bay, which was appropriated under the head of "Tampa Bay," and is included in the expenditure reported under that head. The total expenditure above reported includes $96,832.91 expended in Hillsboro River under the project of March 3, 1899. For Hillsboro River: The improvement of Hillsboro River was undertaken as part of the project for improving Tampa and Hills- boro Bays, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The funds applied to work under this project were: appropriated under the title of " Improving Tampa Bay " and the expenditures are reported under that head. For scope and details of above-mentioned previous projects see pages 1829, 1830, and 1831 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 27 feet at mean low water from the Gulf of Mexico up to, and in the several channels of Tampa Harbor, with widths of 500 feet on the bar, 300 feet in Tampa Bay, Ybor Estuary, and Hendry and Knight Channels, and 200 feet in Hillsboro Bay, Tampa Northern, Sparkman Bay, and Seddon Island Channels, with turning basins at the mouth of Hillsboro River and at the entrance to the estuary; for securing and maintain- ing by dredging a channel 2,400 feet long and 200 feet wide and 1% feet deep at mean lolw water in Hillsboro River from a point 100 feet south of the Lafayette Street Bridge to the turning basin at the mouth of the river. The channel connecting Port Tampa with the channel from the Gulf of Mexico to Tampa is to be 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The mean range of tide is 1.9 feet at the lower end of the bay, 2 feet at Port Tampa, and 2.2 feet at Tampa. The extreme range is 2.5 feet at the lower end of the bay and at Port Tampa, and 2.9 feet at Tampa. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 1.5 feet. Strong northerly winds, which usually occur in the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimated cost for new work (revised in 1923) is $4,765,000. The latest (1916) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $34,000 during construction and $74,000 for some time after construction. RIVERS AND HARBORS--JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 709 The existing consolidated project is derived from the following detailed projects existing on the date of consolidation, viz: For Tampa Bay, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H.Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 3d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which fixed the dimen- sions of the channel as 26 feet deep with sufficient width. The latest published map is in House Document No. 88, Fifty-fifth Congress, first session. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays, project was authorized by the fol- lowing river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for channel 24 feet deep in Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 634, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 27-foot depth from the Gulf of Mexico up to and in the several channels of Hillsboro Bay (H. Doc. No. 1345, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 634, Sixty-first Congress, second session; Annual Report for 1914, page 2130; and House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. For Hillsboro River, project was adopted by the river and harbor act of:March 3, 1899, under the title of " Improving Hillsboro Bay, Florida." (H. Doc. No. 545, 55th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 132, Sixty-third Congress, first session. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, authorized the consolidation of the above projects to form a single project for Tampa Harbor. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-ForTampa Bay: The river and harbor act of March 3,1905, imposed the condition that the dock company, or com- panies owning docks, wharves, or terminals at Tampa Bay should, by valid contract, agree that the wharfage charges at such terminals should be submitted to the Secretary of War and be subject to his approval. A,schedule of such wharfage charges was submitted to the Secretary of War and was approved by him on October 26, 1906. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays: After the completion of the 20-foot: project of March 3, 1905, a 20-foot channel, 300 feet wide and about 3,000 feet long, was dredged by private capital eastward along the water front from the turning basin. This work was com- pleted in 1909 at a cost of about $95,000. This channel, known as the Hendry and Knight Channel, originally a private enterprise, has been of great value in the development of the port and was adopted as part of the 24-foot project of June 25, 1910, and is now under improvement by the United States. In 1907 the Tampa Northern Railroad Co. dredged a 20-foot chan- nel, 100 feet wide and 2,600 feet long, from the main channel to its terminals on Hookers Point. This was primarily a private enter- prise, but the outer 50 feet of this channel for its entire length was; also adopted as a part of the 24-foot project above mentioned. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project, imposed the following conditions: That no expenditure be made on that part of the harbor between the new turning basin and Ybor City until the Secretary of War is assured that the local municipality will construct wharves or slips having an available length not less than 1,400 feet, which shall be open for the use of the general public under reasonable regulations and charges, and also that the municipality has 710 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19,24 obtained such control of the property for at least 700 feet on each side of the proposed Ybor Channel throughout its length as will insure its use primarily in the interest of general commerce on equal terms to all, and that all wharfage charges and regulations shall be reasonably and fully controlled by the munici- pal authorities and subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. In compliance with these conditions, the city purchased 700 feet of frontage oi each side of the Ybor Estuary Channel and secured from the property owners the required control of the property for 700 felet on each side of the estuary throughout its length. The evi- dence submitted by the city was accepted by the Secretary of War on April 18, 1911. A plan of development of the estuary zone, sub- mitted by the city, was approved by the Secretary of War on August 8, 1913, and revised plan was approved June 10, 1919. Work under this plan is now in progress. The slip has been dredged, some of the streets leading to: the pier have been paved, and 70 per cent of the wharves has been completed. The schedule of wharfage charges and regulations has not been submitted for approval. .the The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, in adopting the exist- ing 27-foot project, subject to conditions set forth in House Document No. 1345, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, provided: " That nothing in this act nor in the act approved June 25, 1910, entitled 'An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes,' shall be so construed as to prevent the use of any part of the Ybor Estuary zone for industrial or other legitimate purposes when the same is not needed for commercial uses, not to exclude the building and operation of a railroad or railroads by private parties or railroad companies under such rules and regula- tions as the Secretary of War may prescribe, subject to the right of the city of Tampa to construct and operate a municipal railroad on said estuary zone as set forth in said report." The conditions in the House Document No. 1345 referred to were: That no work shall be done by the United States under such project until the city of Tampa shall have given assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the city of Tampa will within a reasonble time, and when in his opinion the facilities are needed, acquire full ownership and possession of suf- ficient land for the establishment of terminals fronting on the Ybor Estuary; will complete the construction thereon of piers and slips in accordance with the plans for the development of the Ybor Estuary zone heretofore approved by the Secretary of War, or such modified plans as he may approve; will build ade- quate warehouses and storage sheds on these piers and equip them with suit- able rail connections and freight-handling appliances;, will construct and put in operation of a municipal railroad having physical connection with all railroads entering the city of Tampa and serving the channel frontage on both sides of the estuary in accordance with the plan of development of the estuary zone approved by the Secretary of War; will open, pave, and make available for use a sufficient number of streets and highways to give proper access to all parts of the estuary channel frontage; and will open these terminals for business under a schedule of reasonable wharfage charges and a set of regulations to be ap- proved by the Secretary of War for the control and operation of the property fronting on the estuary channel, designed to insure its use primarily in the interests of general commerce on equal terms to all: And provided further, That no work shall be done in the channels constituting the harbor of Tampa proper until local interests shall agree to provide, without cost to the United States or to any contractor for the work, a suitable place for deposit of material dredged from these channels. On June 10, 1919, the Secretary of War approved a modified plan of development submitted by the board of port commissioners of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 711 city of Tampa replacing the former plan approved August 8, 1913. This plan provides for the acquisition by the city of additional land on the west side of the Ybor Channel; the construction thereon of two piers and the dredging of a slip 250 feet wide and 925 feet long between said piers; rail connections to these piers and the construc- tion of streets in the area adjacent to both sides of the channel. This plan was considered sufficient for present commercial require- ments, but not for the complete commercial development of Ybor Channel, and the approval of the plan was coupled with the proviso that it should not be construed as a waiver of any of the conditions imposed by Congress in the act of June 25, 1910, as modified by the act of August 8, 1917, or of any condition of the bonds or other assurances already given to guarantee performance of the provisions of these acts, nor as an acceptance by the Secretary of War of the development now proposed as making sufficient provisions for the future needs of commerce. The city has acquired the land required for the slip and piers on the west side of Ybor Channel and has dredged the slip; it has also paved Elliott Street up to the western end of the slip and paved Thirteenth Street from First Avenue to Elliott Street. The construction of the concrete pier on the north side of the slip is now in progress. The city has also acquired 700 feet frontage on the eastern side of the channel and has provided suitable places for depositing material dredged from the channels as provided in House Document No. 1345. A bond issue of $600,000 was voted by the city under date of May 23, 1922, for carrying out construction work necessary to create terminals on the west side of Ybor Channel. Terminal facilities.-At Tampa these consist of 14 wharves, of which the greater number are of the combined freight and passenger type with a total water frontage of 7,330 feet, and with railway and highway connections. All but 8 of the wharves are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. Existing terminal facili- ties are not adequate for the needs of commerce. When publicly owned terminals shall have been constructed by the city of Tampa in accordance with the project for improving Hillsboro Bay, River, and Harbor authorized by the act of June 25, 1910, the facilities will be adequate. At Port Tampa terminal facilities consist of two combined freight and passenger piers affording total berthing space of 6,560 feet and having railway connections. The terminals are adequate for the present commerce, and are open to the public upon the payment of published tariff charges. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-By enabling deep-draft vessels to reach Tampa and Port Tampa the improvement has converted both of these cities into seaports for deep-draft ocean-going vessels, and has opened advantageous routes for a large water-borne commerce in coal, phosphate, lumber, cement, and other commodities. It has made Tampa the receiving and distributing center for a large area, and has contributed largely to the development of middle and southern Florida. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Caucus removed 328,693 cubic yards of soft material, bin measure- 10710-ENG 1924----46 712 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ment, from the upper end of Tampa Bay. The U. S. dredge Baratrd removed 472,000 cubic yards of rock and soft material from Ybor, Sparkman Bay and Tampa Northern Channels, completing to proj- ect dimensions the Ybor and Sparkman Bay Channels, and about 10 per cent of the Tampa Northern Channel. The aggregate length of channels dredged was 4,764 feet. The United States clam-shell dredge No. 13, and accompanying blasting barge, blasted rock and removed 8,200 cubic yards of rock and soft material from Tampa Northern Channel. The U. S. dredge Sarasotadredged a slip for the marine ways at Tampa. Quarters for crew of derrick boat No. 13, and a tower with water tank, were built at Tampa by hired labor. The amount expended was $389,699.14, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for Tampa Bay was reported completed in 1911, notwithstanding that several of the cuts were not then the full width contemplated by the project. The work has resulted in securing a channel not less than 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water, being an increase of from 5 to 6 feet in depth over that existing at the time the project was adopted. The controlling depths are 261/2 feet on the bar, 25 feet in the channel between the bar and the junction of the Hillsboro Bay and Old Tampa Bay Channels, and 27 feet in the channels from this junction to Port Tampa and Tampa, including Tampa Harbor proper, with the exception of the Tampa Northern Channel, in which a controlling depth of 22 feet exists. For Tampa and Hillsboro Bays the 27-foot project is about 74 per cent completed. The Hills- " boro River project was completed in the year 1905. The controlling depth is 12 feet at mean low water. The total expenditure under the existing 24-foot and 27-foot projects for the new consolidated project of Tampa Harbor has been $4,392,143.83, of which $4,045,- 092.13 was for new work and $347,051.70 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1924, it is proposed to blast certain irregular areas in the Tampa Northern Channel and Sparkman Bay Channel, where the Barnard has been unable to obtain project depth and to remove the blasted material with the United States clam shell dredge No. 13, completing the work by September 1, 1924; to send the U. S. dredge Barnardto Jacksonville for general repairs, work to be completed by December 1, 1924; to dredge in all the cuts in Tampa Bay from a point opposite Boca Ciega Bay to the junction of the Old Tampa Bay Channel and the Hillsboro Bay Channel, with the U. S. dredge Barnard for about six months. These cuts are known to the department as cuts B, C, D, E, and F, in Tampa Bay. With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($300,000), it is proposed to dredge in all the cuts in the .Tamnpa Bay Channel up to the junction of the Old Tampa Bay Channel and the Hillsboro Bay Channel, with the U. S. dredge Barnard, and to do maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredge Barnard in the channels in Hillsboros Bay; to dredge with a United States seagoing dredge on Egmont Bar for about three months. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 713 For work of maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Barnard for 2 months ...-- $32, 000 Operation of United States seagoing dredge on Egmont Bar for 3 months .. . -. _____-__ 60, 000 Total for maintenance_ -92, 000 For new work: Operation of U. S. dredge Barnard for 8 months--------------- 128, 000 Repair and upkeep of dredge and renewal of attendant plapt__ 40, 000 Operation of attendant plant--------------------------------- 10, 000 Care and operation of miscellaneous plant 10, 000 Office expenses, superintendence, and contingencies 20, 000 Total for new work_--------------------------------------- 208, 000 Total for maintenance and new work-----------------------300, 000 Conmercial Statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of asphalt, canned goods, cement, cigars, coal, cross- ties, feed, fertilizer, fish, fruit, fuller's earth, grain, gravel, groceries, hay, hardware, ice, lumber, manufactured iron, meats, oils, paints, plate glass, phosphate, rice, naval stores, salt, sand, shell, sugar, to- bacco, vegetables, water, general merchandise and miscellaneous. The tonnage for the year amounted to 2,973,000 short tons, valued at $74,333,210. Of this total, 1,318,368 short tons, valued at $17,- 528,765, was foreign commerce; 1,413,689 short tons, valued at $51,- 272,795, was coastwise commerce; 240,943 short tons, valued at $5,531,650 was internal traffic; 170,894 short tons, valued at $18,- 902,472, was traffic passing through the port and remaining on the vessels. As compared with the preceding year there is an increase in tonnage of 19 per cent. A decrease of 18 per cent in foreign im- ports, principally petroleum and its products, being offset by an increase of 12 per cent in foreign export commerce and an increase of 79 per cent in domestic coastwise receipts of petroleum and prod- ucts over the previous year. About 96 per cent of the traffic utilized the improved channel, but only about 22 per cent was benefited by the full depth, being tarried in steamers drawing from 20 to 26 ' feet. About 51 per cent was carried in steamers, sailing vessels, and barges drawing from 11 to 19 feet and 23 per cent in steamers, motor boats, barges, and lighters drawing from 3 to, 12 feet. In the fall of the year the Florida Railroad & Navig'ation Cor- poration, of Everglades, Fla., established a freight transportation line between Everglades and Tampa, later to, operate 'also to Fort Myers and Key West, operating the steamer Everglades, of 154 net tons, 7.6 feet draft. No transportation lines were abandoned during the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Tons Value sen gers Calendar year Tons Value gers 1919-----------............ 698,639 595, 684 $32, 110, 692 1922 '3.....-- 2, 487, 105 $45, 247, 237 373 152, 19201.......... 2, 257, 382 71, 035,400 176, 362 1923 _-_ ..- . 2, 973, 000 74, 333, 210 248,004 1921 2--.-_... .. 1,321, 808 53, 823, 504 201,228 1Exclusive of 32,105 tons of cargoes in transit, valued at $1,494,000. 2Exclusive of 64,471 tons of cargoes in transit, valued at $3,996,070. 8Exclusive 4Exclusive of 109,971 tons of cargoes in transit, valued at $15,728,230. of 170,894 tons of cargoes in transit, valued at $18,902,472. 714 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARJMY, 1924 Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $48,994.39: New work ----------------------------------- $4, 898, 001. 89 AMaintenance_ ___ _ 364, 299. 64 Net total expended --- 5, 262, 301. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report-_- - 5, 595, 956. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1.. Expended for maintenance 1 - $240, 078. 42 9, 170. 68 $287, 309. 46 50, 252. 22 $359, 265. 01 26, 546. 24 $252, 090. 26 50, 000. 00 $389, 699. 14 - Total expended 1_ ____. 249, 249. 10 337, 561. 68 385, 811. 25 302, 090. 26 389, 699. 14 Appropriated or allotted ..... 260, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 139, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ $583, 644. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- --------- proved June 7. 1924________________------ 139, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924----------------- 709. 71 723, 354. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1_ 389, 699. 14 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------_ 333, 655. 23 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------$65, 801. 54 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 11, 642. 00 77, 443. 54 July 1, 1924, balance available_------------------------- 256, 211. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------- - - 2386, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work_ ------------ - 2208, 000. 00 For maintenance - ---------------------- -- __ -- 2 92. 000. 00 Total_ _ --- 300, 000.00 21. MANATEE RIVER, FLA. (D2) Location and description.-This river rises in the western part of the peninsula of Florida and flows westwardly, emptying into Tampa Bay at its southern end and near the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 177.) Its total length is about 45 miles. For the first 12 miles above the mouth the river is a tidal estuary from one-half to 1 mile in width. From the head of this estuary to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth, the width decreases from about 600 feet to about 80 feet. The river is tidal as far as Rye (22 miles). Above Rye the fall is slight and the current is mod- erate, and the width between banks decreases to 40 feet at Mitchell- ville, about 2 miles above Rye, and to 25 feet about one-half mile above Mitchellville. The drainage area is about 436 square miles. 1 Not; Oeductilig receipts fromn sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 715 O riginal condition.--The depth over the bar at the entrance was from 7 to 8 feet at mean low water. Inside the estuary the general depths varied from 7 to 20 feet to as little as 3 feet near the upper end. Above the estuary the depths ranged from 11/2 to 14 feet. The limiting depths were 7 to 8 feet over the bar; 6 to 7 feet to, Palmetto, 51/2 miles above the mouth; 3 to 5 feet to, Manatee, 71/4 miles above the mouth; and 11/2 feet to Rye, 22 miles above the mouth. The head of navigation was the bridge at Mitchellville, 2 miles above Rye, and the length of the navigable portion was 24 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water from Tampa Bay by Shaws Point to McNeills Point (4 miles), 100 feet wide and 9 feet deep at mean low water to Rocky Bluff (12 miles), and 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep to, Mitchellville Bridge (24 miles), with a cut-off 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep from the river, 21/2 miles above its mouth, into Terra Ceia Bay by dredging. The length of the section included in the project is 24 miles in the river and 0.66 mile in Terra Ceia cut-off. The mean range of tide is 1.6 feet at the mouth of the river, 1.3 feet at Rocky Bluff, and at low river stage the tide is perceptible at Rye. The extreme range is 2 feet at the mouth, 1.6 feet at Rocky Bluff, and 0.3 foot at Rye. Flood stage of the upper river causes the water to, rise about 4 feet at Rye and 1.5 feet at Rocky Bluff, but has no appreciable effect in the lower portion of the river. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level in the lower river about 1 foot. Strong northerly and easterly winds lower the water level about 11 feet in the estuary below Rocky Bluff. The approved estimate of cost of new work is, revised in 1916, $137,710. The latest (1915) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted in part by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, which provided for the improvement from Tampa Bay to McNeills Point. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1319.) It was modified by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, which. provided for a cut-off into Terra, Ceia Bay. It was further modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which extended the improvement to Rye. (H. Doc. No. 117, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, fixes the upper limit of the improvement at the Mitchellville Bridge. The latest published map is in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 2, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consisted of four freight piers having a total frontage of 1,225 feet, and without railway connections. The facilities are adequate for the present needs and are open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Dec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the establishment of daily boat service between lower Manatee River points and Sit. Petersburg and Tampa, and the improvement to Rye gives an outlet to the products of the upper valley. Operations and results during fiscal ye'ar.--None. 716 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was practically com- pleted during the calendar year 1915. Channels of project dimen- sions have been dredged as contemplated, except for about 200 feet on the outer bar, where the depth obtained is from 0.5 to 1 foot less than project depth. To complete the, project a small amount of rock found at depths of from 12 to 12.5 feet must be re- moved from the cut at the entrance, but this is not pressing and will be deferred. Shoaling generally occurs during the rainy sea- son, when at times the low banks are overflowed and maintenance dredging will be needed. The controlling depths at mean low water are 12 feet to McNeills Point, 9 feet to Rocky Bluff, 3 feet to Rye, and 6 feet through the Terra Ceia cut-off. The total expenditure has been $205,052, of which $123,349.56 was for new work and $81,702.44 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No addi- tional funds are required for the fiscal year 1926, as the depths now available appear to be sufficient for the boats using the river, and no considerable amount of shoaling is anticipated. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of canned goods, flour, meats, packing-house prod- ucts, fruits, vegetables, grain, groceries, hardware, hay, paints, refined oils, shell, sand and fuller's earth. The tonnage for the year amounted to 27,043 short tons, valued at $971,868. All of this commerce passed over the river below Manatee, and 3,820 short tons, valued at $95,500, also passed over the river above Manatee. As compared with the previous year this is a decrease of 28 per cent, due to a decrease in amount in tonnage of fuller's earth and shell shipments. All of the tonnage reported used the improved channel below Bradentown, and was carried by motor boats and lighters drawing from 2.5 to 8 feet. The fuller's earth was loaded on lighters at the plant at Ellenton, and towed to Tampa Bay, where it was' loaded on schooners of approximately 14 feet draft, which could not enter the river because of insufficient depth. No new transportation lines were established and none were abandoned during the year. Conmparatie statement Tons Tons Year alue Passen- Year Value Passen Freight Floated gers Freight Floated gers Freight logs Freight logs 1 1919_- 34,412 $1,321,040 19,639 1922____1 37,410 .----------$1,209,089 19,638 27, 043 i - - 1921... 39,343 1920_ 42,810 487 1. 517 59, 949 681,485 20,000 1923____ 971,868 42,857 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,324.59: New work 349. 56 $1-------------------------------- Maintenance _------------------------------------ 81, 702. 44 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 205, 052, 00 lotal appropriations to date of this report------------ 205. 052. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 717 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work----------------- --------------------------------------- Expended for maintenance.-------------------- -----....------------- --------------------------- Appropriated or allotted_-- 22. HARBOR AT ST. PETERSBURG, FLA. (D3) Location and description.-St. Petersburg is situated on the west shore of Tampa Bay, about 17 miles from Egmont Light, 21 miles from Tampa, and 83/4 miles from Port Tampa. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 177.) The harbor under improvement by the United States is an artificial basin within the shore line, called Bayboro Harbor. The basin and the channel connecting it with the bay were dredged by private interests about 1911. The basin was originally made 1,360 feet long, 450 feet wide, and 14 feet deep, and the channel was 120 feet wide and 13 feet deep. Originalcondition.-The basin had shoaled generally to 10 feet or less with a least depth of 4 feet. The channel had narrowed to 75 feet, with a least depth of 9 feet. The shoaling had progressed until the minimum usable depth into the basin was 31/2 feet at mean low water, through a narrow channel. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Tampa Bay into Bayboro Harbor with an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water, and a width of 200 feet at the outer end, gradually widening to about 285 feet at the shore line, as defined by the eastern side of First Street, by dredging and for protecting the channel by the construction of a single random stone jetty on the south side. The mean tidal range is 1.84 feet. The extreme range is 2.5 feet. Strong southwesterly winds raise the water level about 11/2 feet. Strong northerly winds, which occur mostly during the winter months, lower the water level about 2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $50,000. The latest (1912) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 512, 62di Cong., 2d sess.). The act of August 8, 1917, modified the conditions of local cooperation. (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. The initial work on the basin, which forms the basis of the project, was done by a local corporation, at its own expense, at a cost of about $90,000. This work antedated the adoption of the project. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project imposed the condition that local interests should do all necessary work inside the shore end of the jetty, including the widening of the basin 175 feet and rounding off the corner at the entrance and the maintenance of the basin to a depth of 10 feet at mean low water; and that the city's frontage of 600 feet on the basin will be moved northward, and the land along Salt Creek be reserved for future 718 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 enlargements, the exact lines to be determined by the Chief of Engi- neers. In compliance with these conditions the city purchased the neces- sary additional frontage on the east side of the basin and the water lot lying to the east and north of the dredged channel, and adopted a plan for present and future development thereon; purchased a right of way for a municipally owned railroad to reach its property; and completed dredging the basin. The lines and plans for future development were approved by the Chief of Engineers on May 15, 1913, and by the Secretary of War on May 16, 1913. Evidence of the purchase of the land and the adoption of the plan, with a bond guaranteeing its execution, were submitted to the Secretary of War and accepted by him on June 15, 1914. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, amended the condi- tions of local cooperation so as to provide that it would be consid- ered a sufficient compliance with the legal obligations of the city of St. Petersburg if by January 1, 1919, the city had (a) extended the wharf front on the proposed Pier No. 1 so as to have a total length of not less than 600 feet, (b) made rail connection to the wharf, (c) removed the island left in the basin. The extension of the wharf. the removal of the island and rail connection to the wharf have been completed. Terminal facilities.-In Bayboro Harbor are 9 privately owned marginal wharves having a combined length of 515 feet and 1 municipal quay 600 feet long. The municipal electric railway connects with 6 of the 9 marginal wharves. All water-borne com- merce for St. Petersburg is now carried on in Bayboro Harbor, including the tridaily passenger and freight steamers from Tampa. In the yacht basin in front of the city are about 50 boat landings leased by the municipality to owners of yachts. The municipal pier in front of the city is now used as a recreation pier only. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of Bayboro Harbor and the channel leading thereto have greatly increased the commerce by water. The Wilson Line and the Home Line run daily freight and passenger boats. The Standard Oil Co. and Gulf Refining Co. have storage tanks there. Several small marine railways and repair shops have been built recently. No direct effect on railroad rates has been observed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. Expenditures amounting to $314.04 were made for inspection and office expense, and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is about 20 per cent completed. The channel was dredged to he full project dimensions in the year 1914, and about 825 feet of the jetty has been built, of which only about 155 feet was carried to full height. The entrance channel to Bayboro Harbor has been dredged to project dimensions and the controlling depth is 10 feet. The jetty has settled some along its entire length. A jetty on the north side may be found to be necessary both to protect the channel and to prevent the erosion in the south bank, which occurs during northeasterly gales. To com- plete the project the jetty must be extended to the 10-foot contour in RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 719 the bay, a distance of about 200 feet, and built up to full height throughout its length. The total expenditure has been $51,438.53, of which $32,688.62 was for new work and $18,749.91 was for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be applied to re- building the jetty. About six months' work will be required. It is not believed that additional funds will be required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar year 1923 consisted mostly of canned goods, cast-iron pipe, cottonseed meal, drugs, fertilizer, fish, flour, fruit, grain, hardware, ice, machinery, oils, packing-house products, salt, sand, shell, sugar, syrup, vege- tables, and wood products. The tonnage for the year amounted to 104,292 short tons, valued at $4,701,424. All of this entered Bayboro Harbor. In addition to the above, 19,000 short tons, valued at $732,743, passed through the harbor as cargoes in transit, the vessels carrying this cargo stopping at the wharves along the water front. As compared with that of the preceeding year this is an increase in tonnage of 194 per cent. While the increase was more or less gen- eral in all classes of commodities it shows principally in the tonnage of fruits, oils, vegetables, shell, gravel, and sand. All of the commerce originating at or destined for St. Petersburg entered Bayboro Har- bor through the improved channel, being carried in steamers, motor boats, and on lighters, drawing from 31/2 to 8 feet. The cargoes in transit, which did not use the improved channel, were carried in motor vessels drawing 5.8 feet. The Adams Boat Line of Sarasota discontinued their service to St. Petersburg on the Tampa-Sarasota Line. No lines of transportation were established during the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919 -......... 19,961 $679,377 74,416 1922 ........... i 35, 471 $3, 125, 328 137,071 1920 - 20,272 3,323,304 149, 525 1923-- ---- 104,292 4, 701, 424 175,156 1921- 24, 877 3,011,023 183,058 Financial swummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ----------------------------------------------- $32, 688. 62 Maintenance1---------------------------------------------- 8, 749. 91 Net total expended------------------------ 51, 438. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------68, 124. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work. Expended for maintenance---.. --------------------------- $163.74 $16, 613. 39 $314. 04 Appropriated or allotted ... ... -- ------- 17, 000. 00 ...------------- 720 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - $17, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 314. 04 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------- -- 16, 685. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___------------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY OF GROUP D Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $52,318.98 New work--------------------------------------- $5, 054, 040. 07 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 464, 751.99 Net total expended------------------------------- 5, 518, 792. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report_--- ---- 5, 869, 133. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 2....... $240, 078. 42 $287, 309. 46 $359, 265. 01 $252, 090. 26 $389, 699. 14 Expended for maintenance 2 .... 9, 170, 68 50, 342. 22 26, 709. 98 66, 613. 39 314. 04 Total expended 2------.. --. 249, 249.10 337, 651. 68 385, 974. 99 318, 703. 65 390, 013. 18 Appropriated or allotted---------..... 260, 000. 00 400, 000. 00 250, 000. 00 417, 000. 00 139, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__------ $600, 644. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924------------------ ----------------- 139, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 709. 71 740, 354. 37 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : 2 For new work --------------------------- $389, 699. 14 For maintenance----------- ------- 314. 04 390, 013. 18 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------350, 341. 19 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-----------------65, 801. 54 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts-------------------- ------------------ 11, 642. 00 77, 443. 54 July 1, 1924, balance available__-------------------------- 272, 897. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -- existing project------------------------------ 1391, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work___ 1208, 000. 00 For maintenance___ 1 92, 000. 00 Total -- 1300, 000. 00 23. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH FROM NAVIGABLE WATERS IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA Location and description.-The water hyacinth is found in the fresh-water streams and lakes in various parts of the State, and at times has become a serious obstruction to navigation on the St. Johns SRiver and its tributaries, the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries, and the Caloosahatchee and Kissimmee River system. 1 Exclusive of availaple funds. 2 Not; deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-JACKSONVILLE, FLA., DISTRICT 721 Original condition.-The water hyacinth is not native in Florida but is said to have been introduced in Florida waters about 1890. It spread rapidly, and before operations for its removal were begun the rivers affected were not infrequently so blocked with floating masses of the plant that navigation was seriously impeded and the rafting of logs, on which the lumber industry' was dependent, was at times entirely stopped. Prievious projects.-None. Existing project.-The existing project, as modified, provides for the destruction or removal of the water hyacinth in the navigable waters of the State, so far as they constitute an obstruction to com- merce, using any mechanical, chemical,'or other means not injurious to cattle. The original estimate of cost of equipping a suitable ves- sel with a mechanical device for crushing the hyacinth and operat- ing it for one year was $36,000. The use of long booms to close sloughs and backwaters as an auxiliary means was contemplated. The project was modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, which authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever to effect the purpose. The project was again modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, which pro- hibited the use of any chemical process injurious to cattle which might feed upon the plant. No estimate of the final cost of the work has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None is required by the appropriation acts. Individuals and transportation companies have done a considerable amount of work at their own expense in removing the hyacinth and obstructions which cause the hyacinth to collect from portions of the navigable streams in which they were particularly interested. The cost of the work is not ascertainable, but in the aggregate it has been considerable. Effect of improvement.-The work done has directly benefited navigation by abating the delays and stoppages formerly experi- enced when the growth of the plant was unchecked. It has reduced the uncertainties and cost of water transportation on many streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The Withlacoochee River, between Istachatta and Panasoffkee Outlet, and near Stokes Ferry, was kept clear of hyacinth during the year by hired labor. Leased floating plant, with grapple, removed 471,200 square yards of hyacinth from tributaries of the St. Johns River. The total amount expended during the year was $22,988.55. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Plans for a vessel and crushing plant were partially prepared, but this method was abandoned as a result of experience with a similar outfit in Lousiana. Spraying with an arsenical solution was tried with success, but had to be abandoned because it proved injurious to cattle feeding on the plants. Breaking up the packs and drifting them out with the current was practiced with success in some streams. In 1909 a hyacinth elevator, consisting of a catamaran scow carrying an inclined conveyor driven by a gasoline engine, was devised and proved successful. In 1916 and 1923 a large grapple operated by a hoisting engine was used 722 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 with marked success. By these various means the St. Johns River and its most important tributaries, the Orange River and portions of the Withlacoochee and Kissimmee Rivers, have been from time to time cleared of the hyacinth, and are now generally clear so far as obstruction to navigation is concerned. A considerable length of the middle and upper portions of the Withlacoochee River is blocked by this growth, as are also the creeks and sloughs tributary to St. Johns River, where there is no traffic to disturb and keep it broken up. During the high stages of water the creeks and sloughs discharge the hyacinth into the main river, at times in sich quantities as to become a serious menace to navigation. The total expenditure to June 30. 1924, has been $204,500. Proposed operations.-Funds now available will be applied to the removal of hyacinth on the St. Johns River by leased plant, using United States hyacinth grapple, and by hired labor and plant on other streams, or by other methods, as may appear advisable. An effort will be made with the plant, when assembled, to completely re- move the hyacinth from certain streams, so that the annual cost of maintenance may be reduced. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($10,000), will be applied to the removal of hyacinth by hired labor and leased plant, using the United States hyacinth grapple, or by other means, as may appear advisable. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $473.85: New work Maintenance ----------------- --------------------- $204, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------216, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work --- - Expended for maintenance 1 _ $2, 954. 84 $2, 651. 24 $5,159. 21 $3, 865. 99 $22, 988. 55 Appropriated or allotted ..-- ---------------------------- 10, 000. 00 7, 500. 00 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- $24, 951. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 --------------- -------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 37. 05 34, 988. 55 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 122, 988. 55 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 12, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 16. 38 July 1, 1924, balance available for maintenance1----------------- 1, 983. 62 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance----- -------------------------- 210, 000. 00 'Not deducting recseipipts from sales, etc. SExcusives of available fulnds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT' 723 EXAMiINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 19 2 0, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Charlottee Harbor, Fla., with a view to securing a channel of suitable dimensions to Punta Gorda. 2. Harbor at St. Petersburg,Fla. 3. Intracoastal waterway from Jacksonville, Fla., to Miami, Fla. .4. St. Johns River, Fla., from Jacksonville to the ocean. 5. St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to Sanford. 6. Caloosa;hatcheeRiver, Fla. 7. St. Lucie Inlet, Fla. 8. Suwannee River, from Branford, Fla., to Channel Numbered Four, near Cedar Keys. 9. Lake Worth Inlet, Fla. 10. Sarasota Bay, Fla. 11. Tampa and Hillsboro Bays, Fla. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT This district includes the eastern portion of the State of Alabama, the western portion of the State of Georgia, and the northwestern portion of the State of Florida. It includes specifically the water- sheds of the Alabama River, the watersheds of the rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico through the State of Florida west of the Aucilla River, and the harbors in that portion of the State. District engineer: Maj. J. J. Loving, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS Page Page 1. Carrabelle Bar and Harbor, 9. St. Andrews Bay, Fla_____ 746 Fla 723 10. Choctawhatchee River, Fla. 2. Apalachicola Bay, Fla .. 726 and Ala _______- 749 3. Apalachicola River, Fla., the 11. Holmes River, Fla ________ 752 cut-off, Lee Slough, and 12. Narrows .in Santa Rosa lower Chipola River _____ 729 Sound, Fla___ 754 4. Upper Chipola River, Fla., 13. Blackwater River, Fla____ 756 from Marianna to its 14. Escambia and Conecuh mouth- - 732 Rivers, Fla. and Ala_____ 759 5. Flint River, Ga _____- 735 15. Harbor at Pensacola, Fla__ 761 6. Chattahoochee River, Ga. 16. LaGrange Bayou, Fla ____ 765 and Ala ________- 738 17. Alabama River, Ala________ 767 7. Channel from Apalachicola 18. Coosa River, Ga., and Ala_ 770 River to St. Andrews Bay, 19. Operating and care of locks Fla -- 742 and dams on Coosa River, 8. Entrance to St. Josephs Bay, Ga. and Ala__ 776 Fla- 744 1. CARRABELLE BAR AND HARBOR, FLA. Location and descriptiop,--CarrabelleBar and Harbor are located on the coast of northwest Florida, about 185 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The harbor consists of an inner and an outer harbor; the 724 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 former being that portion of the mouth of Carrabelle River, 3,000 feet long and 400 to 700 feet wide, lying in front of the town of Car- rabelle. The outer harbor, 4 miles from Carrabelle, is that portion of St. Georges Sound, known as Dog Island Anchorage, with an area of 2 square miles, lying just inside of East Pass and separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a sand island known as Dog Island. This work also includes the bars at East Pass, about 6 miles south of the town of Carrabelle. Carrabelle Bar lies in St. Georges Sound. just off the mouth of Carrabelle River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 182.) Original condition.-The inner harbor had a channel 3,000 feet long, from 9 to 15 feet deep, with an average width of 100 feet. The outer harbor averaged 24 feet deep. The inner bar was approxi- mately 1 mile wide between 10-foot contours, with a minimum low- water usable depth of 3 to 4 feet through a very crooked channel. The bar at East Pass had a limiting low-water depth of 161/ feet. Previous projects.-The original project for Carrabelle Bar and Harbor was adopted by the act of June 3, 1896. The amount ex- pended on this project was $21,704.08 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1833 of Annual Report for 1915. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel across the inner and outer bars at East Pass 150 feet wide and 201/ feet deep at mean low water, including the closing of an opening in Dog Island; and for a channel 18 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 18-foot contour in the outer harbor to a point about 2,500 feet outside the mouth of the river, with a suitable turning basin at this point, thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the wharves at Carra- belle. The total length of the 10-foot channel is 5,500 feet; of the 18-foot channel, 7,000 feet; and of the 201/2-foot channel about 23/s miles. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is 1.4 feet, while the extreme range, except during storms, is 4 feet. The esti- mated cost of the channel across the bars at East Pass, together with the closing of the Dog Island opening, made in 1899, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $27,450. No estimate for the balance of the project was made, but the act of March 2, 1907, appropriated $60,000 for the work. The estimated cost for main- tenance is about $20,000 every five years, or an annual average of $4,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel at East Pass and the work at Dog Island (H. Doc. No. 63, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the other work in the project without any prior report having been made thereon. The latest published map is found in House Document No. 227, Fifty- sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than boat landings built along the water front on piles bulkheaded and filled in. These are used only by trading steamers plying between Pensacola, Mobile, Apa- lachicola, and Carrabelle. They answer the purpose and no better facilities are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 725 Effect of inprovement.-A substantial reduction in ocean freight rates has resulted, due to the improved channel, which permits larger and deeper draft vessels to enter, and an increase in exports over that existing prior to the improvement. In addition the improve- ment admits, and has induced coastwise steamers to deliver at Car- rabelle, a large tonnage of merchandise and food articles and the exportation of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favorable influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.--There were no active operations during the fiscal year, and no funds expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The opening in Dog Island had been closed. Dredging by Government plant, using hired labor, and also dredging under contract had been carried on from time to time as funds permitted, resulting in the completion of the project, except the turning basin. The increased depths obtained over the original condition were 4 feet on the outer bars, 9 feet on the bar at the mouth of the river, and 1 foot in the inner harbor. The proportion of existing project completed up to the end of the fiscal year was 95 per cent. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year at mean low water were 17 feet across the bar at East Pass, 14.8 feet from the outer harbor to a point about 2,500 feet from the mouth of the river, and 10.9 feet from that point to the wharves at Carrabelle. That portion including the channel across the bars at East Pass was completed in 1909. That portion calling for the 18-foot channel was, with the exception of the turning basin, completed in 1913. The turning basin has never been completed, owing to the failure of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama Railway Co. to build the proposed wharves to this point. That portion of the project calling for a 10-foot channel was completed in 1909. The total expenditures under the existing project were $57,353.04 for new work and $127,308.31 for maintenance, a total of $184,661.35. Proposed operations.-No operations will be required during the fiscal year 1925. This improvement requires maintenance dredging about once in four or five years. With the funds unexpended June 30, 1924 ($5,000), it is proposed to make an examination and survey of the improvement, and to defray overhead and contingent expenses. It is estimated that these funds" will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended on this improve- ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, all for mainte- nance. With this amount it is proposed to restore project dimensions by operating the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blaclewater for a period of one and one-half months at an estimated cost of $15,000, and defray cost of surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $3,000. Annual dredging is not required on this project, and the estimated maintenance cost for the fiscal year 1926 represents an accumulation of several years during which no field operations have been accom- plished. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. There was no foreign commerce. The chief items of coastwise re- ceipts were animal and vegetable food products, turpentine, resin and miscellaneous articles. Turpentine and resin comprised the coastwise shipments. The' forest products were brought into Carra- bello from the New, Crooked, and Carrabelle Rivers, for transship- 726 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 ment via steamer to Pensacola, Fla. One motor boat and one steamer made regular coastwise trips to this port throughout the year. The loaded draft of vessels using the improvement was 10 feet- the project depth; this was available throughout the year. Comparative statement Year tonShrt Value Passengers Year Shrt Value Passengers 1919........------------ 11,330 $1,355,171 7, 523 1922------------ 10, 361 $838,150 6, 059 1920------------ 11,126 1,442,454 6, 808 1923_ - 7, 378 854, 311 5,120 1921....------------ 8, 754 1, 065, 873 6, 623 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work New --------------------------------------------- work__________________________________ $79, 057. 12 $79, 12 Maintenance 27, 308. 31 1------------------------------- Net total expended - --- - 206, 365. 43 Total appropriations to date of this report- - ---- 211, 365. 43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ---- I Expended for maintenance -...-- $1, 691.26 $4, 559. 67 $465. 25 - $583. 82 .---------- Appropriated or allotted . 7, 300. 00 _-_------$-5--I -$5,000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ________--_ ______ June7, 124---------------------------------------$5 0.0 00 __ $5, 000. July 1, 1924, balance unexpended_ ------------------ _ _--_ __ 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance__________ ------------------- ________ __ 18,000. 00 2. APALACHICOLA BAY, FLA. Location and description.-Apalachicola Bay is situated on the coast of northwest Florida 160 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is about 71/4 miles wide and 14 miles long from east to west, opening into St. Georges Sound on the east and into St. Vincents Sound on the northwest. The bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by St. Georges Island and communicates with it by West Pass on the west, and through St. Georges Sound, by East Pass on the east. The town of Apalachicola, situated on the northern shore at the mouth of the Apalachicola River, is about 14 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 183.) Original condition.-At the mouth of Apalachicola River, between the inner harbor and the 3-fathom anchorage area in the bay, there existed a bar of 7,880 feet in width between the 8-foot contours, with a minimum depth of 3.5 feet. The anchorage area along the north- ern shore of St. Georges Island, comprising 43/4 square miles, had a depth of 18 feet or more, to which access was had through West Pass with a controlling depth of 111/2 feet. The depth over Bulkhead Shoals, separating Apalachicola Bay from St. Georges Sound, was t Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 727 less than 41/feet. Link Channel, connecting the anchorage ground and West Pass, had a minimum depth of 16 feet. The widths of channels are not of record. Previous projects.-Between 1833 and 1839 tile sum of $18,700 was expended, but apparently without any definite project of record. The original project was adopted by Congress in the river and har- bor act of June 14, 1880, and the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, amended and extended it. Work under existing proj- ect was begun in 1907. The total expenditure on the original and amended projects since 1833 was $303,379.26, of which $134,613.50 was for new work and $168,765.76 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1833, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the Gulf of Mexico not less than 150 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water through West Pass and Link Channel, and a channel across the bar at the mouth of Apalachicola River not less than 100 feet wide by 10 feet deep at mean low water. The length of 18-foot chan- nel to be dredged was 5,280 feet at West Pass and 5,000 feet in Link Channel; and of the 10-foot channel 10,800 feet. The mean range of tide throughout this harbor is 2 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work revised in 1923, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, is $204,000. The latest (1905) estimate for annual maintenance is $17,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 422, 59th Cong.,, 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 316, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of the improvement of Link Channel and West Pass is recommended in House Document No. 860, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None, other than small landings for river- boat traffic built along the water front on piles, bulkheaded and filled in. They answer the purpose, and no better facilities are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement at the mouth of Apa- lachicola River has increased the facilities for commerce at this port. In addition the improvement admits and has induced coastwise steamers to deliver at Apalachicola a large tonnage of merchandise and food articles and the exportation of naval stores. On these articles of freight there has been a favorable influence on rail rates. The work accomplished on Link Channel and West Pass has had no commercial effect. It is estimated that 40 vessels, with draft not exceeding 8 feet, use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $1,437.34 for overhead and office expenses; and $5,550.32 for obligations from previous year, making a total of $6,987.66, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-A timber bulkhead 9,874 feet in length was constructed to protect the already completed 10-foot channel at the mouth of the Apalachicola River. This bulkhead was practically destroyed by two severe storms during 1916 and has not been rebuilt, although most of the piling remain in place. The 728 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 18-foot channel through Link Channel and West Pass was 20 per cent completed. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths of the channel at the mouth of the river were as follows: From the outer edge of the bar at the mouth of the river for a distance of 4,400 feet, 8 feet at mean low water; for the remaining distance, 5,790 feet, 10 feet and over. The project width obtains throughout the portion having a 10-foot depth. Between the river bar channel and Link Channel the controlling depth is 8 feet at mean low water; in Link Channel the 17.2 feet; and through West Pass, 12 feet. For a distance of 300 feet in the Bulkhead Channel the controlling depth is 7.3 feet. All other depths vary from 9 to 13 feet at mean low water. The least width is 140 feet. The entire project is 80 per cent completed. The improvement has resulted in an increase in the depth of the channel across the bar at the mouth of the river of approximately 41/2 feet over the original depth. The work remaining to complete the project is the completion of the channel through Link Channel and West Pass to the Gulf. That portion of the project including the 10-foot channel at the mouth of: the river was completed in 1909. The total expenditures under the existing project were $82,144.59 for new work and $216,374.50 for maintenance, making a combined total of $298,519.09. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924, ($16,951.94) it is proposed to redredge the river bar channel, using the U. S. pipe-line dredge Muscogee and attendant plant for a period of approximately three months, at an estimated cost of $12,000; local surveys, $2,000; and for overhead and contingencies, $2,951.94. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended on this improve- ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-all for mainte- nance, to be applied as follows: For redredging the river bar chan- nel with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater, operating for a period of one and one-half months, at an estimated cost of $15,000; for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $3,000. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. The coastwise receipts consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable food products, turpentine and resin. Of the former, 13,443 tons, valued at $751,776, consisted of fish, oysters, and shrimp. These items comprised about 38 per cent of the total value of imports and exports for 1923. The coastwise shipments consisted chiefly of turpentine and resin. There is one steamer and one motor boat in the regular coastwise trade. These maintain a regular schedule; their loaded draft is 8 and 6 feet, respectively. The usual draft of oyster and shrimp boats is from 3 to 6 feet. About 58 per cent of the commerce for 1923 required the project depth. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919-.......- - 28,112 $1,760,943 7, 696 1922--........ 30, 736 $1,943,879 6, 255 1920............ 17, 406 1,764, 915 12, 323 1923---...... 24, 930 1,994, 202 5, 219 1921......--. - 15, 084 1, 630, 053 8, 762 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 729 Financial sunmarn y Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,500: New work ---------------------------------------------- $216, 758. 09 Maintenance __- - - - - 385, 140. 26 Net total expended ____________________________601, 898. 35 Total appropriations to date of this report-- - 618, 850. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .. . ----.. - Expended for maintenance 1__ $24, 333. 60 $17, 925. 39 $10, 897. 34 $8, 331. 37 $6, 987. 66 Appropriated or allotted -------- 12, 500.00 10, 000. 00 i 15, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-__ $20. 939. 60 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924- ____ - _ __ 3, 000. 00 23, 939. 60 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 6, 987. 66 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 16, 951. 94 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------------- 2122, 000. 00 .Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 :3. APALACHICOLA RIVER, THE CUT-OFF, LEE SLOUGH, AND LOWER CHIPOLA RIVER Location and description.-The Apalachicola River is formed at; the southwest corner of the State of Georgia by the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers, and flows south a distance of 106 miles, emptying into Apalachicola Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 183.) About 42 miles above the mouth of the river a cut-off 14/5 miles long leaves the river and a certain part of the water from the river passes through this cut-off and thence through Lee Slough, 61/2 miles long, and lower Chipola River, 81/2 miles long, and reenters the Apalachicola River about 29 miles above its mouth. The general direction of the cut-off is west and of Lee Slough and lower Chipola River south and southeast. The drain- age area of the Apalachicola River, not including the drainage area of the Chattahoochee, Flint, or upper Chipola Rivers, is 843 square miles. Including these tributaries the drainage area is 22,376 miles. Its average discharge at low water is approximately 6,000 second-feet; at high water it is about 123,000. The low-water stage exists generally between September and November, inclusive, and the high-water stage from February to April, inclusive. This river is tidal in its lower reach, the effect of the tide being felt ap.. proximately 25 miles above its mouth, from which point to its 2 Exclu~ive of available funds. 1 Includes $650.29 expeneded at. East Pass. 730 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 source the river is sluggish. The average width between banks of the main river is from 150 to 300 yards, and of the cut-off and lower Chipola River approximately 150 feet. The fall per mile on the main river is about 3 inches. Original condition.-The available depth in the main river was 6 feet at low water except where obstructed by snags and sunken logs, the width of the channel for this depth not being of record. The cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River were badly obstructed by logs, snags, trees, etc.; the channel was very narrow and tortuous, although approximately 5 feet deep. The main river was navigable throughout its entire length, as was also the lower Chipola and the cut-off, although the records indicate that .Lee Slough was not navi- gable. The Confederate authorities obstructed the river at a point 35 miles above its mouth, causing the river to break through by a channel known as Moccasin Slough, into the River Styx, which re- joined the Apalachicola River a few miles below. Moccasin Slough was very narrow, tortuous, and much obstructed by logs, snags, etc. Previous projects.-The sum of $13,000 was expended between 1828 and 1831, but apparently under no definite! project. The di- vision of this expenditure as between new work and maintenance is not of record. In the years 1835 and 1836 appropriations amount- ing to $9,000 were made for the te "Chipola River," but there is no record as to expenditures, and this amount is not included in the expenditures reported on this improvement. Work under existing project was begun in 1875. Existing pr'oject.-This provides for a channel in the Apalachicola River 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide, to be secured by the removal of snags and overhanging trees and by widening and straightening Moccasin Slough, and for a channel 5 feet deep and 60 feet wide through the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River. The range of tide at the mouth of Apalachicola River is 2 feet, and the variation between low and high water is about 30 feet at the point where the river is formed. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $106,000, exclusive of amount ex- pended under previous project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the channel in the Apalachicola River (H. Doc. No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 698) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provides for the work in the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1416). No map of Apalachicola River has been published in congressional documents. A map of the cit- off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River will be found in the An- nual Report for 1891, opposite page 1696. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Apalachicola, Fla., the facilities consist of six wharves built on piling with wooden framework, and all owned by private concerns. Of these two are open to all carriers on equal terms, while the remaining four are used by owners in connec- tion with their business. There are no mechanical handling devices. The landing at Blountstown, Fla., is a natural one, provided with a warehouse, open to all carriers. It has no mechanical handling de- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT' 731 vice. The landing at River Landing, Fla., is a natural one, used in connection with a warehouse erected on trestlework, and the freight is handled by a double-track hoist. This terminal is the property of the Seaboard Air Line Railway, and open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to a large section of the State of Florida, which has no other means of trans- portation of necessary supplies. Water transportation has been made easier, particularly due to opening of the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River. Its effect on reduction of freight rates extends through its tributaries far into Georgia and Alabama. River rates are lower than corresponding rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations were carried on by the U. S. snagboat Flint from July 21 to 31, 1923. and from February 21 to March 29, 1924, resulting in the re- moval of 333 obstructions at a cost of $2,786.44. Jetty construction was carried on at Blountstown Bar, and resulted in the completion of 1,650 linear feet of brush and pile jetties at a cost of $12,455.86. Other expenditures were: $1,643.16 for overhead and office expenses. The total expenditures were $16,885.46, of which $12,455.86 was for new work and $4,429.60 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging,contracting works, and removal of obstructions have resulted in obtaining and maintaining the project channel throughout the main river. Through the cut- off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River the project dimensions exist throughout, the controlling depth being 5 feet. This project is completed. There are no reference gauges on this stream. The project for the cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River was completed in 1916. At the end of the fiscal year completed works were in good condition. The total amount expended under the existing project was $108,463.69 for new work and $102,206.71 for maintenance-making a total of $210,670.40. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($13,079.60), it is proposed to maintain the contraction works at Blountstown Bar at an estimated cost of $3,000; provide for local surveys, overhead, and contingencies at an estimated cost of $1,000; and payment of liabilities amounting to $243.56 outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that the sum of $8,836.04 will be available on June 30, 1925. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1926. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce of this stream for the calendar year 1923 used the improvement. It consisted principally of vegetable food products, naval stores, lumber, logs, and miscel- laneous merchandise, and, for a short haul, sand and gravel. About 52,339 tons of logs, valued at $209,356, were rafted down the river; 115,451 tons of sand and gravel, valued at $63,933, and 1,443 tons of bituminous coal, valued at $9,500, were barged on the river by the owners, and the remaining 28,002 tons, valued at $2,778,747, were carried by steamers and barges drawing from 3 to 5 feet. A depth of 3.5 feet is available throughout the year; 4.5 feet is available from January to August, inclusive, and 5 feet is available during the high-water stages. 732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Regular schedules have been maintained by the packet boats op- erating on this stream, which serves a large territory having no other transportation facilities. The loss of the largest boat operat- ing on the river, when it struck a snag in the cut-off and sank early in the year, has hurt the business on the river to some extent; however, plans are now being made to replace this boat, and the freight traffic will increase as soon as it can be put in operation, as the small boats now operating on the river can not handle all the freight offered. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919.......--.. 85, 079 $6, 524, 640 8,145 1922_...... 103, 964 $3, 871, 380 2, 192 192063, 510 4,110, 450 7, 051 1923---------- 197, 235 3,061,536 1,894 1921--...__..-------.. 50, 276 1,924, 763 5,812 Financial summnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work ---------------- '$121, 463.69 Maintenance---------------------------------------------- 102, 206. 71 Net total expended 223, 670. 40 Total appropriations to da ite of this report __ 236. 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work __ .. _ .-- $3, 453. 23 $12, 455. 86 Expended for maintenance .. . $14, 725. 63 $1, 356. 32 4, 886. 74 $97. 24 4, 429. 60 Total expended......------------ 14, 725. 63 1, 356. 32 8, 339. 97 97. 24 16, 885. 46 Appropriated or allotted_...___ 5, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 July 1, .923, balance unexpended__ -- _ _ $29, 965. 0, June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For' new work___- $12, 455. 86 For maintenance --------- - 4, 429. 60 16, 885. 48 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- 13, 079. 60 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ -23-- 24. 56 July 1, 1924, balance available __ 836. 04 -12, 4. UPPER CHIPOLA RIVER, FLA., FROM MARIANNA TO ITS MOUTH Location and description.-The upper Chipola River rises in the southeast portion of the State of Alabama and flows in a general southerly direction through Alabama and northwest Florida for a distance of about 125 miles, emptying into Apalachicola River through Lee Slough and lower Chipola River. For the last 10 miles the upper Chipola River widens into a broad sheet of water filled with cypress trees and known as the Dead Lakes. The cut-off re- 'Includes $13,000 expended between 1828 and 1831. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 733 ferred to in the description of the Apalachicola River joins the upper Chipola River at the lower end of the Dead Lakes. The upper Chipola River has a drainage area of 1,205 square miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for west Florida.) Its high and low water discharges are not of record. Low water occurs generally from Sep- tember to November, inclusive, and high water from February to April. The current is fairly rapid to a point 35 miles above the mouth, from which point to the mouth it is rather sluggish, becoming decidedly so as it passes through the Dead Lakes. The average width between banks varies from 60 to 200 feet. The fall per mile is not of record. Original condition.-This river was navigable at low water as far as Braxton Landing, about 40 miles above the mouth, and at higher stages steamers and barges navigated the river as far as Marianna, 55 miles above the mouth. The channel was, however, very difficult and had over the shoals a low-water depth of only 2 feet. At Look and Tremble Shoals, 20 miles below Marianna, the river had a fall of 5 feet in 40 feet over a rock bottom. The width of the channel was approximately 50 feet. Previous projects.-In 1835 and 1836 appropriations totaling $9,000 were made for " The Chipola River," but there is no record of the expenditure of this sum. Work under existing project was begun in 1900. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 3 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from the foot of the Dead Lakes to Marianna, a distance of 55 miles, by rock excavation and snagging. The variation between low and high water is approximately 14 feet. The original estimate for new work made in: 1888 was $41,000, ex- clusive of the cost of necessary plant. The cost of maintenance, determined from experience in the prosecution of the work, is esti- mated at $1,000 per year. The existing project was authorized by the, river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. (Annual Report of 1899, p. 1416.) No map of the upper Chipola River has been published in any congressional docu- ments or annual report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities. None, other than natural landings for river- boat traffic. These landings answer the purpose, and no better facili- ties are required. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement between the foot of the Dead Lakes and Look and Tremble Shoals is essential to a section of the State which is not provided with other means of transportation. Below Look and Tremble Shoals improvement has made it possible to maintain regular transportation throughout the entire year. No benefit has been derived from the expenditure above Look and Tremble Shoals. It is not known whether freight rates have been affected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations were carried on from January 10 to February 20, by the U. S. snag- boat Flint, resulting in the removal of 335 obstructions at a cost of $2,248.07. Other expenditures were: Rental of plant and freight 734 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 outstanding at the end of last fiscal year, $2,044.74; and overhead expenses, $593.71, making a total $4,886.52, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging, snagging, and open- river work had resulted in obtaining the project dimensions from the foot of the Dead Lakes to Look and Tremble Shoals. Practically no work has been done at Look and Tremble Shoals or above this point to Marianna, a distance of approximately 20 miles. The exist- ing project was about 75 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year, and resulted in increasing the depth through the portion where work has been done by approximately 1 foot and in straightening tortuous channels and removing snags and other obstructions. Ves- sels requiring 3 feet of water can navigate the river as far as Look and Tremble Shoals throughout the year, and vessels in excess of this draft can generally operate the river between the months of January and August. Above Look and Tremble Shoals the river is not navigable, except at high stages, by anything except rafts. At several places the banks are very low and a portion of the flow of the river escapes through the adjacent swamp, causing sand bars to form in the channel. Training walls are needed to confine the flow to the channel. There are no gauges on this stream. The work remaining to complete the project is the improvement of the river from and including Look and Tremble Shoals to Mari- anna, which would probably require the construction of a lock to carry deep water across those shoals. The total expenditures were $36,781.12 for new work and $31,210.88 for maintenance, a total of $67,992. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($8), it is proposed to apply this balance on overhead out- standing from previous fiscal year. No operations will be required during the fiscal year 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($3,000), will be applied entirely to mainte- nance, as follows: Repair and maintenance of contraction works, $1,500; snagging and removal of obstructions, $1,000; overhead and contingencies, $500. The foregoing work will be done by the U. S. snagboat Flint and attendant plant, operating for a period of about two months. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce of this stream for the calendar year 1923 used the improvement. It consisted principally of naval stores and floated logs downstream and vegetable food prod- ucts and miscellaneous merchandise upstream; 6,195 tons of logs, valued at $24,780, were rafted down the river. The remaining 9,504 tons, valued at $904,186, were handled by a steamer with an extra barge, each drawing 3 feet, which depth is available between Look and Tremble Shoals and the mouth of the river throughout the year. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919- - - 230 $1, 003, 969 302 1922 __ . .12, 5, 173 $536, 305 74 - - 1920 ..... - 12, 079 938, 575 . 289 1923 .. . . 15, 694 :928, 966 50 1921 ......... 8,126 374, 983 260 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 735 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work __ $36, 781. 12 Maintenance 31, 210. 88 Net total expended 67, 992. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- ___ 68 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ -I- Expended for maintenance ...... $4, 891. 72 $999. 11 $4, 131. 31 $5, 273. 05 $4, 886. 52 Appropriated or allotted-- --......- , 5, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 ------------- - ------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------__ $4, 894. 52 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance --------------------------------------------- 4, 886. 52 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 8. 00 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ----- 8. 00 Amount that can" be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance .........- 3, 000. 00 5. FLINT RIVER, GA. Location and descriptian.-- The Flint River rises in the west cen- tral part. of the State of Georgia, flows in a generally southeasterly direction to Albany, and thence southwest to the southwest corner of the State, where it joins with the Chattahoochee River in forming the Apalachicola River. Its estimated length is about 285 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for southwest Georgia.) It has a drainage aret of 10,013 square miles and an average low-waterdis- charge at Bainbridge of 2,500 second-feet. The high-water dis- charge is not of record. The period of average low water extends through the months of May to, December, inclusive. The average high-water period extends through the months of January to April, inclusive. The river is nontidal 'and the current rapid in its upper reaches above Bainbridge. The average width of the river between Montezuma and Albany is from 120 to 200 feet, contracted in places to about 80 feet. The fall between these two places is estimated to be about 125 feet, making a fall per mile of approximately 1.75 feet The fall per mile: from Albany to Bainbridge is 1.2 feet, and from Bainbridge to the mouth about 0.6 foot. The average width from the mouth to Albany is 300 feet. Original condition.-The river was navigable at low water from its mouth to B'ainbridge, a distance of 30 miles, for boats drawing 3 feet, but the channel was narrow, crooked, and dangerous. Above Bainbridge the river was not navigable at low stages of water, due to obstructions of sand and rock shoals, loose rocks, snags, logs, and overhanging trees, 'although boats occasionally ascended to Albany, a distance of 103 miles from the mouth at higher stages. Previous projects.-None. 10710--ENG 1924- 47 736 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for a: channel 100 feet wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water from the mouth of the river to Albany, a,distance of 103 miles, to be obtained by dredging, rock excavation, building contraction works, and removal of sn'ags, and a channel for light-draft steamers at moderate stages from Albany to Montezuma, a distance of 79 miles, to be obtained by the removal of loose rocks, snags, and overhanging trees. The extreme fluctuation of stage due to floods was 33 feet, while the average variation be- tween low and high water is approximately 21.5 feet. The estimated cost of new work between the mouth and Albany, revised in 1923, is $544,000, and between Albany and Montezuma, m'ade in 1879, $15,100. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost of maintenance is $5,000 per yelar. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts,: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the present channel dimensions from the mouth to Albany (Annual Report for 1873, p. 707) ; the 'act of June 14, 1880, extended the project to Mon- tezuma (Annual Report for 1879, p. 818). The latest published map is in House Document No. 986, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of July 25, 1917, the Chief of Engineers recommended modification of the project by eliminating improvement of that portion of the river above Albany. (See H. Doc. No. 302, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The facilities at Bainbridge consist of a nat- ural landing, with a warehouse and double-track steam hoist, owned by Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, open to all carriers on equal terms. At Albany the facilities consist of a natural landing with no im- provements. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect on freight rates has been to cause a considerable reduction as far as Bainbridge, Ga., and vicinity, navigation to that point having been rendered much easier and safer than under original condition. This improvement also serves a considerable section of country between Bainbridge and Albany, which has no other means of transportation other than high roads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the year. A new boiler was purchased for the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi, machinery installed and steel house erected on the dredge-at a cost of $12,868.76. Other expenditures were: $2,341.46 for repairs to United States snag boat; $6,165.04 for repairs to and care of plant; and $2,420.05 for overhead and office expenses, a total of $23,795.31-all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work of improvement has been carried on from the mouth to Johnsons Bend, a distance of 56.5 miles, and for this stretch the channel is in good condition. The ex- isting project was 94 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year for that portion of the river below Johnsons Bend was 3 feet, and between Johnsons Bend and Albany was 2 feet. Vessels requiring 4 feet of water can operate throughout the year as far as Bainbridge, Ga. Vessels re- quiring a depth in excess of the above drafts can ordinarily operate the river as far as Albany between the months of October and May. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMER X, ALA., DISTRICT 737 The work still remaining to be done to complete the project consists of dredging through various shoals from Johnsons Bend, 56.5 miles from the mouth to Albany, 103 miles from the mouth. The total amount expended was $409,011.53 for new work and $141,988.99 for maintenance, a total of $551,000.52. Proposed operations.-Vith the funds unexpended June 30, 1924 ($40,999.48), it is proposed to carry on dredging operations with the U. S. dipper dredge ( T patoi for a period of approximately 4 months, at an estimated cost of $22.000; repairs to plant, $6,000; care of plant, $2,000; surveys, overhead and contingencies, $6,125.41, and payment of outstanding liabilities of $4,649.07 from previous fiscal year. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($165,000), will be, applied to work of improvement and maintenance by continuing the improvement be- tween Albany, Ga., and Johnsons Bend, employing the U. S. dipper dredge Upatoi and attendant plant for a period of approximately 6 months, at a cost of $30,000; construction of a new steel hull snag boat to replace the snag boat Flint, $125,000; care of plant and minor repairs, $5,000; surveys, overhead and contingencies, $5,000. The foregoing includes $30,000 for new work and $135,000 for main- tenance. The excess cost of maintenance over the average annual expenditure during the past 5 years is due to the necessity for pro- curing a new snag boat. omner(ial statistics.--All the commerce of this stream used the improvement. It consisted principally of vegetable food products, na val stores, telegraph poles, sand and gravel, and fertilizers. Of the entire tonnage--17,849 tons-all but 700 tons were handled by steamers drawing from 21/2 to 5 feet, or loaded on barges of the same draft and towed by these steamers. About 85 per cent of the -commerce shown was handled between Bainbridge, Ga., and the mouth of the river, and the remaining 15 per cent was handled be- tween Bainbridge and Albany, Ga., between which points a depth of 3 feet is available from December to May, inclusive, 2 feet being the controlling depth between these points ,throughout the remain- der of the year. A depth of 4 feet is available from Bainbridge, Ga., to the mouth of the river throughout the year, and from 41% to 5 feet during the winter months and early spring. Conzmparativ'e statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1 Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 -....... 22,246 $2,030,613 1.945 1922----------- 22,612 $1,462,518 488. 1920_ 17,339 2,038,775 2,028 1923--------- 1 17,849 1,677,438 453 1921 12,866 946,299 1,855 Financialsaummnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $20,355.72: New work_------------------------------------- $409, 011. 53 Maintenance 141, 988. 99 Net total expended_ - - - - - 551, 000. 52: Total appropriations to date of this report._---- ___ 592, 000. 00 738 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ---- ---- _ Expended for maintenance 1 .. _ $8, 419. 19 $27, 812. 19 $6,322. 84 $33, 958. 69 $23, 795. 31 Appropriated or allotted -- 6, 500. 00 35, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 34, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -----.. $19, 957. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7. 1924- ______-__ 34,000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924____ 10, 836. 94 64, 794. 79 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance __ _ ...... . 23, 795. 31 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended__ 40, 999. 48 July 1. 1924, outstanding liabilities__ 4, 649. 07 July 1, 1924, balance available 36, 350. 41 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 2- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - 115, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work 2- -- 30, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------------ 135, 000. 00 - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - Total 2 _ 165, 000. 00 6. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description,.-The Chattahoochee River rises in the north central part of the State of Georgia and flows in a southwest- erly direction to West Point and thence in a southerly direction to join with the Flint at the southwest corner of the State of Georgia, forming the Apalachicola River. Its length is approximately 418 miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northwest Georgia.) The drainage area of this river is 10,315 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge at West Point (about 200 miles above the mouth) of 1,564 and an average high-water discharge of 40,693 second-feet. The low-water stage generally exists between the months of May and December, inclusive, and the high stages be- tween the months of January and March, inclusive. The river is sluggish. It has an average width between banks of about 200 feet at Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth; 300 feet at Eufaula, 100 miles above the mouth, and about 500 feet at the mouth. The fall per mile is 1 foot from Columbus to Eufaula and 9 inches from Eufaula to the mouth. Original conditions.-Boats drawing 22 inches were able to reach Columbus, Ga., for about nine months of the year. Navigation was, however, difficult and dangerous during daylight and impossible at night, due to large accumulations of logs, snags, overhanging trees, and to sand, rock, and marl shoals which obstructed the channel. Columbus, 164 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation. The dimensions of the channel in use are not of record. 1 Not deducting receiptss from~ sales, etc. 2 ExclusiveY of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMIERY, ALA., DISTRICT 739 Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, made an appropriation of $5,000 for the section of river between West Point and Franklin, Ga., and appropriations therefor were continued until 1899, when they were discontinued due to unfavor- able report on survey directed by the act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 111, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). There was expended on this project $19,719.22 for new work. For further details of previous: projects see page 1834 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., a distance of 164 miles, by the removal of timker obstructions, dredging, contraction works, and shore protection. The variation between average low and high water is approximately 20 feet. The extreme fluctuation is 45 feet at Columbus. The estimated cost of new work, from the mouth to Columbus, Ga., revised in 1924, is $1,156,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874 (H. Doc. No. 241, 42d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 699). No map of the Chattahoochee River below Columbus has been printed in any congressional document. Recommn ended modifcations of project.- None. Local cooperation.-None. Term nal facilities~The terminals at Alaga and Columbia, Ala., and Fort Gaines, Ga., consist of natural landings, provided with warehouses and hoists, open to all carriers on equal terms. The, At- lantic Coast Line Railway connects with the terminal at Alaga and the Central of Georgia Railway with that at Columbia. The wharf at Eufaula, Ala., is owned by the Eufaula Wharf Co. and consists of pine piling capped and decked. It is provided with a warehouse, but no mechanical handling device, and is open to all carriers on equal terms. There are no transfer facilities. These facilities are consid- ered adequate for the present commerce. The timber wharf at Columbus, Ga., is owned by the city of Columbus, and rests on the river bank on one side and on a rubble retaining wall on the water side. There are no transfer facilities or mechanical handling devices at this wharf. It is open to all carriers on equal terms. During the past year a privately owned warehouse with an incline hoist for handling freight has been installed at a natural landing about 300 yards below the city wharf. While it is an improvement over the old wharf, due to direct rail connection and mechanical hoist, it is not well suited to economically handle the volume of freight trans- ported by river. It is also open to all carriers on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this river has re- sulted in giving Columbus and all other points on the river equitable freight rates, which are a material reduction from the rates to all other points not served by the river. The absolute amount of reduc- tion ,can not be stated, but the effect is very favorable to Columbus, Eufaula, and other river points accessible by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations were carried on at Town Reach, Bull Creek, and Jennie's Island, resulting in the removal of 47,677 cubic yards of sand and gravel 740 REPORT OF CHIIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 at a gross cost of $8,920.20. Jetty construction and repair at Bull Creek, Jennies Island, Upatoi Creek, Broken Arrow Shoals and Uchee Island resulted in the construction and repair of 5,348 linear feet of jetties, at a cost of $31,415.80. Snagging operations were carried on by the U. S. snagboat Flint rented from the Flint River improvement, resulting in the removal of 1,192 obstructions, at a cost of $5,688.73. Other expenditures were $36,767.50 under contracts for the construction of three steel barges; $3,950 for the purchase of inspection launch Floralga; $1,119.69 for the purchase of steam pile hammer for new pile driver; $4,906.28 for re-survey of the river from Columbus to Uchee Reach; $4,014.61 for operation of launches Floralga and Carp, and motor truck No. 773; $40,583.47 for repairs to and renewals of plant; $4,819.16 for engineering and superin- tendence; $6,053.59 for care of idle plant; and $11,184.92 for over- head and office expenses. The total expended was $159,423.95--all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal veal' dredging, open-channel work, and snagging operations had been carried on from the mouth of the river to a point 161 miles above the mouth. The existing project was 93' per cent completed. This work has resulted in an increased depth of 16 inches. The control- ling depth at the end of the fiscal year at low water was 2.5 feet. Vessels drawiilg not more than this may operate on the river through- out the year and 4 feet can be carried ordinarily' from January to August, inclusive. No gauges are established on this river. The following work still remains to be done to complete the project: Rock removed and dredging at approximately 24 bars and contrac- tion works at 41 points. At the end of the fiscal year some of the works where improvement has been done were in poor condition and in need of repair. The total amount expended under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $872,529.63 for new work and $797,838.51 for maintenance, making a combined total of $1,670,368.14. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($74,566.14), it is proposed to continue work of construction and repair of jetty system, employing the U. S. towboat Columnbus and attendant plant for a period of 5 months at an estimated cost of $20,000; dredging operations with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Muscogee, for a period of 5 months, at an estimated cost of $20,000; snagging operations with the U. S. snagboat Flint, for a period of 2 months, at an estimated cost of $5,000; care of and repairs to plant, $7,500; surveys, overhead and contingencies, $6,059.26; and payment of $16,006.90 liabilities outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($75,000), will be applied as follows: For dredging operations between Columbus, Ga., and Eufaula, Ala., em- ploying the U. S. pipe-line dredge Muscogee for a period of 5 months, at an estimated cost of $20,000; for repairs to, extension, and construction of contraction works, employing thes U. S. towboat Columbus and attendant plant for a period of 7 months, at an esti- mated cost of $28,000; for snagging operations employing the U. S. snagboat Flint for a period of 3 months, at an estimated cost of RIVERS AND HARBORS--MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 741 $6,000; for care of plant, $2,000; for repairs to plant, $6,500; for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $7,500; and for the construc- tion of a creosoted wooden barge to replace barge No. 26, $5,000, The foregoing includes $30,000 for new work and $45,000 for main- tenance. Commercial statistics.-All the conmmerce of this stream used: the improvement. It consisted principally of vegetable-food products, naval stores, logs, lumber, and miscellaneous merchandise, and, for a short haul, sand and gravel. Three hundred and fifty-five tons of logs were rafted downstream by owners; 115,451 tons of sand and gravel and 1,443 tons of coal were barged on the river by the owners. The value of logs rafted was $1,420, and the sand and gravel and coal combined had a valuation of $73,433. The remain- ing 17,430 tons, valued at $2,163,821, were handled by steamers and barges drawing from 3 to 5 feet loaded. The available depths on this stream are 21/ feet throughout the year, 4 feet usually from January to June, inclusive, and 5 feet dur- ing high-water stages. Steamers operating on this river usually arrange with the power companies having dams on the upper reaches of the river to make their trips at certain times when the power companies are not impounding water, thereby making it possible to load all boats to 3 feet draft at all seasons. The largest boat operating on this river was sunk early in the year. As yet this boat has not been replaced, although it is badly needed to handle the business on the river. Present plans of the owners of the principal boats on this river are to replace this boat in a very short time. This will materially increase the business of this com- pany on the river. Conmparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1.919-------- 50, 558 $4,874, 553. 00 4, 350 1922 66, 077 $2,772,857.00 1,654 1920 24, 696 3, 023, 025. 00 3, 447 1923....._ - 134,679 2, 237, 254. 00 1, 742 :1921 5, 373 620, 879. 00 883 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $20,529.29: New work ------------------------------------------- $892, 248. 85 Maintenance__ 797, 838. 51 Net total expended_- 1, 690, 087. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 764, 653. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30 1.920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ......-......... :.--.- - - - Expended for maintenance2 240. 88 $61, $47, 564. 77 $I7,199.87 -$63,987. 60 $159 423.95 Appropriated or allotted - - 32, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 122, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 40, 000.00 1 Includes $19,719.22 expended between West Point and Franklin, Ga. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 742 RLPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $190, 080. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924----------------- 40, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 3,909. 77 233, 990. 09 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 159, 423. 95 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 74, 566. 14 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_- 16,006. 90 July 1, 1924, balance available_ 58, 559. 24 Amount .(estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- - -------- --. - - - ... .2 284, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work - -- 2 30. 000. 00 For maintenance__ 2 45, 000. 00 Total --- 2 75,000. 00 7. CHANNEL FROM APALACHICOLA RIVER TO ST. ANDREWS BAY, FLA. Location and desciption.-This waterway is approximately 36.5 miles in length and extends from a point 6 miles above the mouth of the Apalachicola River in a northwesterly direction to St. Andrews Bay, Fla. This waterway is tidal throughout, with an average width at the bottom of the canal of 65 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 184.) Original condition.-Jackson River, with an average depth of 8 feet, comprised the first 41/2 miles of the route; the next 412 miles was in Lake Wimico, with a ruling depth of 2% feet; thence for 81/2 miles by Searcy Creek, with a natural depth of 4 to 12 feet; thence through 10 miles of low ground connecting Searcy and Wetappo Creeks; thence through Wetappo Creek, with a natural depth of 6 feet for 51/ miles; thence through East Bay, an arm of St. Andrews Bay, with a ruling depth of 31/2 feet for 11/ miles to the 6-foot con- tour in St. Andrews Bay. Wetappo Creek was the only natural por- tion of this route availed of by commerce. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal 5 feet deep at mean low water and 65 feet wide at the bottom from Apalachicola River to St. Andrews Bay by way of the natural waterways indicated above. Dredging was required over a distance of about 23 miles, the depth of cut ranging from 1 foot to 18 feet. The mean range of tide is2 feet and the extreme range, except during storms, 3 feet. The esti- mated cost of new work, made in 1910, was $450,000. The estimated cost of maintenance, determined from experience in the prosecution of the work, is $10,000 per year. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 670, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. "Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 743 published map of this waterway will be found in the Annual Report for 1915, opposite page 2497. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The commercial effect while small is con- stantly increasing. Various small boats now use this waterway, transporting forest products and general merchandise. New terri- tory has been opened up. There has been no influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. A detailed survey was made from the mouth of Jacksons River to St. Andrews Bay during the months of August and September, 1923, at a cost of $2,940.46. Other ex- penditures were: $1,434.11 for overhead, offices expenses, etc., mak- ing a total of $4,374.57-all for maintenance. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-This project was completed in 1915 and resulted in opening an inland channel between Apalach- icola River and St. Andrews Bay, Fla., where such channel had not previously existed. This work was done both by contract and by hired labor, the yardage removed being 918,751 and 3,681,222 cubic yards, respectively. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth was 6.3 feet and the controlling width was 58 feet. The total amount expended under the existing project up to the end of the fiscal year was $505,930.01 for new work and $52,905.35 for main- tenance, making a combined total of $558,835.36. Proposed operations.-No operations will be required during the fiscal year 1925. With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($14,064.64), it is proposed to care for and make the necessary re- pairs to plant and defray overhead and contingent expenses, at an estimated cost of $5,000. It is estimated that the sum of $9,064.64 will be available on June 30, 1925. The additional sum of $18,000 can be profitably expended on this improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, making a proposed total expenditure during that year of $27,064. 64--all for maintenance, and to be applied as follows: For purchase of a steel fuel-oil barge, to be used with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Black- water, $15,000; for dredging at the channel entrance on East Bay, operating the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackwater for one month, at an estimated cost of $10,064.64; for surveys, overhead, and con-- tingencies, $2,000. The additional sum required is larger than the average annual expenditure for the past five years, due to the necessity for providing a fuel-oil barge for use with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Black water, which has been converted from coal to oil burning. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. The eastbound freight consisted chiefly of veg- etable food products, textiles, and miscellaneous articles. These commodities were carried from Panama City to naval-stores camps along the canal; the westbound traffic was rosin and turpentine, which was shipped from points along the canal to Panama City for transshipment. The vessels employed draw from 3 to 5 feet, which depth was available throughout the year. 10710-ENG 1924--48 744 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Comparative statement Year. Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1199-- __-- . 206 $2,063 ------------ 1922- ... 5, 816 $160,084 5,000 1920 836 11, 232 1, 250 1923 - - - 1, 547 208, 947 4, 000 1921 -----------... 3, 432 99, 744 4, 860 The number of passengers passing through canal is estimated. Fincancialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $85,583.64: New work. ----------------- $505, 930. 01 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 52, 905. 35 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 558, 835. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 572, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . Expended for maintenance 1-___ $15, 232. 46 $10, 998.41 $9, 247.77 $40, 071.54 $4, 374. 57 --------------- Appropriated or allotted------ ......... 2, 500. 00 47, 000.00 3, 000.00. ---- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____________ $12, 022.17 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-__ 6, 417. 04 18, 439. 21 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 4, 374. 57 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended _-- - --- ____- 14, 064. 64 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 2 18, 000. 00 8. ENTRANCE TO ST. JOSEPHS BAY, FLA. (A8) Location and description.-St. Josephs Bay is located on the north- west coast of Florida 115 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. It is 13 miles long from north to south by from 4 to 5 miles wide and is sepa- rated on the west and south from the Gulf of Mexico by a sand spit, from three-fourths to 1 mile in width, connecting with the main- land. It connects with the Gulf of Mexico on the northwest. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 184.) Original condition.-This bay had depths throughout varying be- tween 30 and 36 feet. The entrance to the harbor on the northwest had a depth over the bar of about 20 feet, with widths averaging about 2,000 feet. Steamers drawing from 17 feet to 21 feet have entered the harbor. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide. The length of dredged channel is 7,330 feet. The average tidal variation is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The 2! Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not~ deducting receipts from sales,. etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 745 estimated cost, made in 1912, was $40,000 for dredging a channel of the above dimensions. No estimate was made for annual main- tenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doe. No. 660, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), except that this House document provided for a width of 350 feet, which the river and harbor act amended to 300 feet instead. The latest pub- Iished map of this locality will be found in the document referred to. Recomnimended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, au- thorizing this improvement, provided that the sum of $20,000 should be contributed by private parties. This condition was fully com- plied with, and this sum has been expended in the prosecution of the improvement. The approval of the Secretary of War for the use of the funds for this purpose was given under date of December 21, 1912. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a timber wharf extending to 22 feet of water. There are no warehouses or mechanical handling devices. This wharf is owned by the Apa- lachicola Northern Railway, whose tracks connect therewith, and is open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has facilitated the shipment of lumber from Port St. Joe. No influence on rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year, and no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging operations had been carried on by hired labor using the U. S. dredge Caucus, as a result of which the depth had been increased from 19 feet to 24.5 feet at mean low water, the entire length of the cut being about 7,330 feet. The increase in depth over the original condition was about 5.5 feet. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 24 feet. The project was completed in January, 1914. The total expenditures were $20,105.99 for new work and $394.01 for maintenance, making a total of $20,500 from United States funds. In addition thereto $20,000 was expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-There were no funds unexpended on June 30, 1924, and no work is contemplated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. The channel across the bar has not shoaled since the completion of the project. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for the purpose of making the necessary ex- aminations, surveys, etc., and defraying contingent expenses. Commercial statistics. All of the foreign traffic and about 85 per cent of the coastwise traffic reported for 1923 used the improvement. The foreign exports-10,517 tons, valued at $205,665-consisted of lumber and timber. There were no foreign imports. The coast- wise shipments were lumber and railroad ties; these items were shipped to Atlantic ports. Fish was the only item of coastwise imports. Vessels using the improvement had a draft of from 6 to 24 feet, loaded. The depth of water was sufficient to accommodate all ship- ping throughout the year. 746 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM Y, 1924 CompiparatiUve statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919 --------------------- 1,662 $101.966 1922_ 51,897 $967,933 1920-- ... _ 28, 455 605, 700 1923 . 24, 265 549, 037 1921 5,358 174, 772 Financialsummavly Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work , - $20. 105. 99 Maintenance 394. 01 Net total expended 20, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report 20, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - - - -..--- Expended for maintenance.. $103. 30 $60 96 $26. 33 $178. 12 Appropriated or allotted . ....... I I. ..... Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 3(0. 1926, for maintenance _ _- $1. 001). 01) 9. ST. ANDREWS BAY, FLA. Location and description.-St. Andrews Bay, lying behind low sand spits and low sand islands, is located on the northwest coast of the State of Florida, 110 miles east of the entrance to Pensacola Har- bor. The bay proper is parallel with the coast line, is about 10 miles long by 2 miles wide, and is connected at about mid-point with the Gulf of Mexico through an arm 21/2 miles wide, extending approxi- mately 4 miles in a southeasterly direction. East Bay is a prolonga- tion of the main bay running from its east end and parallel to the coast for about 12 miles. At the eastern end of this bay is the en- trance to the waterway between Apalachicola River and St. Andrews Bay. At the western extremity of St. Andrews Bay are West and North Bays, the former extending northwest about 7 miles and the latter northeast for about the same distance. There, are no outlets to the Gulf through these two bays. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic' Survey chart No. 184.) Original condition.-There were two entrances to this harbor, known as East Pass and West Pass. East Pass was the deeper of the two, with an average low-water depth of 11 feet and an approxi- mate width of channel of 300 feet. West Pass had an available depth of 7 feet, with a width of 150 feet. After passing over the shoal at East Pass and about 5 miles therefrom there was a shoal known as Camel Back Shoal, on which there was an available depth of 7 feet at mean low water. From this point to the town of St. Andrew, located on the northern shore of the bay, a distance of about 10 miles, the available depth was from 24 to 35 feet. 1In addition to this amount, $20,000 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 747 Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 22 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through East Pass from the Gulf of Mexico to St. Andrews Bay. The length of the channel to be dredged on the outer bar through East Pass was 10,000 feet, while through Camel Back Shoal the distance was 6,000 feet,. The mean tidal range is 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, isabout 4 feet. The estimated cost of this project, made in 1909, was $203,560 for new work and $20,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H.Doc. No. 12, 61st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest pub- lished map of St. Andrews Bay will be found in House Document No. 789, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Termivnal facilities.-Terminals consist of nine small wharves lo- cated at various points on St. Andrews Bay and owned by the lumber companies and other private enterprises in connection with their business. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce . (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to materially increase facilities for the entrance of deeper draft vessels, with a consequent increase of water-borne freight. This harbor is used extensively as a harbor of refuge. It has also materially re- duced the rail rates on cotton from interior shipping points to the Atlantic coast. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no active operations during the fiscal year. Survey of the outer bar channel was made, at a cost of $1,545.40. Other expenditures were: $5.58181 for overhead, office expenses and contingencies; and $21,- 1.67.54 for outstanding liabilities from previous year, making a total expenditure of $28,294.75-all for maintenance. Condition, at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1914, resulting in an increased depth over the original condition of 11 feet. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth on the outer bar was 22 feet at mean low water; the controlling width was 80 feet. Other portions of this channel remain in very fair con- dition, both as to depths and widths. The project dimensions on Camel Back Shoals still obtain. The total expenditures were $203,560 for new work and $255,209.69 for maintenance, making a total of $458,769.69 . Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($73,790.31), it is proposed to redredge the outer bar channel, employing a United States seagoing hopper dredge for approximately 4 months, at an estimated cost of $60,000; surveys, overhead and contingencies, $13,095.21; and payment of $695.10 liabilities out- standing on June 30. 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The sum of $45,000 can be profitably expended on this improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-all for maintenance. This amount will be applied as follows: For redredging the outer bar channel, operating a United States seagoing hopper dredge for a 748 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 period of two and one-half months at an estimated cost of $40,000: and for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $5,000. Commercial statistics.-All the coastwise and foreign commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement; the intraport traffic amounting to 11,405 tons, valued at $595,783, did not pass over the improved channel. The foreign exports-75,170 tons valued at $1,736,825-consisted entirely of resin, timber, and lumber. Vessels engaged in the foreign trade had a loaded draft of from 12 to 22 feet. Seven steamers and two sailing vessels cleared drawing about 22 feet---the project depth which was available throughout the year. The chief items of coastwise receipts were animal and vegetable food products, nonmetallic minerals, and miscellaneous articles; the coastwise shipments were comprised of resin, turpentine, and lumber. Vessels engaged in the coastwise trade draw from 7 to 15 feet, loaded. The intraport traffic consists of commissary supplies, etc., shipped from Panama City to naval stores camps along the shores of St. Andrews Bay and adjacent waters, and resin, turpentine, logs, cross- ties, etc., received at Panama City, for transshipment. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919......----------- 60, 597 $2, 692, 760 1, 176 1922 ....... 132, 306 $3, 796, 052 751 1920 -- 196, 594 4, 692, 833 1, 063 1923_......... 116, 992 4, 525, 638 4, 398 ----------- 1921 003 157 2,966, 127, 819 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,500.19: New work---------------------------------------------- $203, 560. 00 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 255, 209. 69 Net total expended---------------------- - - -- 458, 769. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report- .- - - 532, 560. 00 Fiscal year ending'June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _................... . - Expended for maintenance 1 - $55, 484. 14 $24, 973. 75 $43, 302. 97 $33, 847. 94 $28, 294. 75 Appropriated or allotted. 25, 000. 00 _95, 000. 00 39, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- $62, 085. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _ -- _--------- 40, 000. 00 102, 085. 06 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 28, 294. 75 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended --- - 73, 790. 31 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities - 695. 10 July 1, 1924, balance available -- -- --- 73, 095. 21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance__ - _- - - 245, 000. 00 I-Not~t deducting receipt~s from sales, etc. y Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 749 10. CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER, FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Choctawhatchee River rises in the southeast part of the State of Alabama and flows in ia southerly direction for a distance of about 200 miles through Alabama and Florida, emptying into the eastern end of Choctawhatchee Bay, about 64 miles east of Pensacola Harbor. The outlet from Chocta- whatchee Bay is through Santa Rosa Sound and Narrows, which enter this bay approximately 30 miles from the mouth of the Chocta- whatchee River. There is also a passage from Choctawhatchee Bay into the Gulf of Mexico through East Pass, which lies 6 miles east of the point wheie the Santa Rosa Sound connects with the bay, but this pass can be used only in fair weather and by small boats. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 185.) The drainage area of this river, not including the Holmes River, is 4,883 square miles; the low-water and high-water discharges are not of record. The low- water stage generally exists through the months of June to, October, inclusive, and high water during the months of November to March, inclusive. The river is tidal in its lower reaches, the effect of the tide being felt at a point 8 miles above the mouth. Above this point the river is sluggish for the first 96 miles, with a fall of one-half foot per mile. Above this point the current is rapid, the fall being 2 feet per mile. The average width between banks varies from 200 feet in the lower reaches to 100 feet at Newton. Original condition,-Boats drawing 21/2 feet could pass up the river as far as Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles from the mouth. Above this point low-water navigation of less depth could be carried to Newton, about 140 miles from the mouth. The width of channel is not of record, although it is known that it was greatly obstructed by snags, logs, and overhanging trees, and by sand and gravel bars. Previous projects.-Work was carried on over this river as far back as 1833. The expenditures up to the adoption of a definite project were $12,876.62, but what portion was for new work and for maintenance is not known. The river and harbor act approved May 3, 1881, authorized certain work on which there was expended $24,513.86. The division between new work and maintenance is un- known. Work under existing project was begun in 1874. For further details of previous projects see page 1834, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improvement of Cypress Top Outlet, for maintenance of a navigable channel at low water from the mouth to Geneva, Ala., a distance of 96 miles, by the removal of snags and overhanging trees, and for a channel for low-water navi- gation 3 feet deep and 60 feet wide between Geneva and Newton, Ala., a, distance of 44 miles, to be obtained by the removal of hard, blue-clay obstructions, by rock excavation, and by the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 4 feet. The extreme fluctuation of stage due to floods is 21.6 feet, while the average variation between low and high water is 12.3 feet at Newton, Ala.. 140 miles above the mouth. The estimated cost of new work between the mouth and Geneva, made in 1872, exclusive of amount 750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19 24 expended on previous project, was $34,332, and between Geneva and Newton, made in 1889, $57,125. The cost, of maintenance is estimated at $3,000 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, adopted the improvement of that portion of the stream between the mouth of the river and Geneva, Ala. (S. Doc. No. 63, 42d Cong., 2d sess.) the acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, provided for work between Geneva and Newton; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the improvement of Cypress Top Outlet. The latest published map is, in House Document No. 688, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. So far as can be learned, none are required other than the landings used by small craft. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) ,Effect of improvement.-Beneficial as long as maintained in good condition; results of recent work instrumental in reviving the lum- ber business, new sawmills having been established at several points on the river. In connection with Holmes River the Choctawhatchee River offers transportation to a large section of Florida without any other facilities except highroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Snagging operations were carried on by the U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee during Octo- ber-December, 1923, and May and June, 1924, resulting in the re- moval of 343 snags from the channel, 745 snags and overhanging trees from the banks-at a cost of $4,286.46, and 250 cubic yards of sand and clay from a point opposite Rooks Bluff at a cost of $420. Repairs were made to 370 linear feet of jetty at the mouth of Cypress Top Outlet, at a cost of $1,036.99. Other expenditures. were $440 for overhead and office expenses. The total expenditures were $6,183.45-all for maintenance. indition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 19.06, the result having been to open up the river to navigation in accordance with project plans. The controlling depth at the end of ,the fiscal year was 6 feet at mean low water at Cypress Top Outlet. The width of this channel was 60 feet. The controlling depth for the first 271/2 miles from the mouth was 4.5 feet, for the next 681/2 miles 2.5 feet, and from this point to Newton, Ala., 140 miles above the mouth, 2 feet. After passing Cypress Top Outlet, boats drawing 4 feet, 2 feet, and 1.5 feet can use this stream over those respective distances throughout the year, and from December to. June boats can carry 6, 4, and 3 feet, respectively. The total expenditures under the existing project were $134,494.02 for new work and $162,055.25 for maintenance, making a combined total of $296,549.27. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($9,036.87), it is proposed to employ the U. S. snagboat Choc- tawhatchee for a period of two months in the removal of obstruc- tions from the channel, at an estimated cost of $2,000; in main- tenance dredging at Cypress Top Outlet, using the U. S. snag- boat Choctawhatchee equipped with dredging outfit, for a period of approximately two and one half months, at an estimated cost of $3,000; repairs to plant $2,000; and surveys, overhead, and coIn- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 751 tingencies $1,275.45; also payment of $761.42 liabilities outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $60,000 can be profitably expended upon this improve- ment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-all for mainte- nance. This sum will be applied as follows: For the procurement of a steel hull, steel shears, and steel cylinder timbers for the U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee, at an estimated cost of $53,000; for oper- ating the snagboat for a period of four months in snagging oper- ations, redredging Cypress Top Outlet and repairing contraction works, $4,000; for repair and care of plant, $2,000; for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $1,000. The cost of maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year 1926 will be greater than the average annual cost during the past five years due to the necessity for procuring a steel hull for the snagboat. Commercial stati.stics.,.-All conmmnerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. The chief items shipped upstream were animal and vegetable food products and textiles. The downstream traffic con- sisted almost entirely of forest products. Of the downstream traffic reported, 51,420 tons, valued at $393,600, was cypress logs, which were floated. Two steamers made regular schedule trips on this waterway throughout the yelar; lumber schooners made intermittent trips, bringing lumber and crossties downstream. These vessels draw from 3 to 5 feet when loaded. This depth was available almost the entire year from mouth of Choctawhatchee to mouth of Holmes River, a distance of 28 miles. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Year Tons Value 1919 ...-- ......... 25, 556 $1, 196, 268 1922_ 91, 418 $1, 039, 069 1920 - 13, 384 907, 485 1923_ 62, 993 1, 217, 589 1 921_ ----------------- 43, 418 542, 184 Pui272a(rn7cad lll{(1U1J 8$l21U Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,019.10 : New work_ _ __ _ $171, 884. 50 Maintenance__ 162, 055. 25 Net total expended_ 333, 939. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report___ 342, 976. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30 192 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--------- Expended for maintenance 1 $2, 5 $4, 799. 23 $10, 886. 08 $6, 183. 45 Appropriated or allotted __ 9. 000. 00 7,000. 090 8, 000. 00 1 Not deducting reeeipts from sales, etc. 752 REPO'RT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------- ------ $6, 526. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------- 8, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924__- 694. 22 15, 220. 32 June 30, 1924, amount expended du r ing fiscal year, for maintenlnce 6, 183. 45 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------- 9, 036. 87 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ---- - 761. 42 July 1, 1924, balance available------------------- 8, 275. 45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_---_ 2 60, 000. 00 11. HOLMES RIVER, FLA. Location and description.-The Holmes River rises in the south- east corner of the State of Alabama near the State line. It flows southwesterly through Alabama and Florida for a distance of about 60 miles, emptying into the Choctawhatchee River at a point 2712 miles above its mouth. This river has a drainage area of 509 square miles. The high and low water discharges are not of record. The low-water season ordinarily occurs during the months of July. Au- gust, and September, and high-water navigation can be carried on from December to March, inclusive. This river is nontidal, with a sluggish current and a fall of about one-half foot per mile. The width between banks is generally 50 to 80 feet, though at places it broadens to 200 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for west- ern Florida.) Original condition.-This stream was badly obstructed by snags, sunken logs, fallen timber, and overhanging trees, and was available for navigation only by small craft and barges from the mouth to Vernon, a distance of 25 miles. The minimum usable low-water depth was about 31 feet. Rafting was carried on as far up as the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, about 50 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-An appropriation for this river was made as early as 1844, but apparently under no definite project. Work under existing project was begun in 1890. Existing project.-This provides for securing a navigable channel from the mouth to Vernon, Fla., a distance of 25 miles, by the re- moval of logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The project was adopted without any reference to width or depth. The variation be- tween high and low water is about 8 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at Vernon. The original estimate for new work, made in 1880, was $5,000. The present estimated cost of maintenance is $3,000 a year. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. (Annual Report for 1882, p. 1308.) The latest published map of Holmes River is in House Document No. 820, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. None. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 753 Termiual facilities.-None. So far as can be learned, none are re- qiired other than the natural landings now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impro vement.-Transportation rendered better and more depjendable. In connection with Choctawhatchee River this river offers transportation to a large section of Florida without facilities other than highroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee was employed during the months of July and Au- gust, 1923, in removing 690 snags from the channel and 105 over- hanging trees from the banks, at a cost of $1,334.19. Other expendi- tures were: $299.40 for overhead and office expenses. The total ex- penditures were $1,633.59-all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.---The project was completed in 1893, and resulted in securing a navigable channel as called for under the project. At the end of the fiscal year navigation could be car- ried on without difficulty to Vernon, Fla., a distance of 28 miles above the mouth. The controlling depth to Parish Landing is 4 feet at mean low water, and from this point to Vernon, 3 feet, with the channel contracted in places. The jetty at the head of Boynton Cut-off remains in fair condition. Vessels drawing 3 feet can navi- gate from the mouth to Vernon through the entire year. A steamer built especially for this stream now plies regularly and successfully between Pensacola and Vernon, Fla. The total expenditures were $8,562.05 for new work, and $33,144.35 for maintenance, making a total of $41,706.40. Proposed operations.With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($3,573.60), it is proposed to employ the U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee and attendant plant for approximately one and one- half months in snagging the improvement from the mouth to Vernon, Fla., at an estimated cost of $1,000, and maintenance of contraction works, at an estimated cost of $500; maintenance dredging at Boyn- ton Bar, using the U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee equipped with dredging outfit, for a period of approximately one month, at an estimated cost of $1,500; and surveys, overhead and contingencies, $573.60. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. The sum of $3,000 can be profitably expended on this improvement during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-all for maintenance. This amount will be applied as follows: Operating the U. S. snagboat Choctawhatchee for a period of two months in removing obstructions and repairing contraction works, $2,500; for examinations, overhead and contingencies, $500. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. The commerce consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable food prod- ucts and non-metallic minerals upstream, and forest products down- stream. One steam vessel made regular scheduled trips throughout the year. This boat plied between Pensacola, Fla., and a point 26 miles above the mouth of Holmes River. In addition to this, lumber schooners made intermittent trips downstream carrying crossties and 754 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 lumber. The loaded draft of vessels using this streall is about 3.5, feet. This depth was available throughout the year. Comparative statement Year Short tons Value Year Short tons V lue 1919_ 4, 475 $39, 200 1922_ -- --- - - - --- 4, 350 $135, 896 1920_ 4,475.- . - 466- 1923 S1 6, iZ4 2579,95(1 1921_ ..... ........ 563 21,466 1ln this is included 2,120 tons of cypress logs, valued at $20,000, floated downstreanm. Financialsfuml .mar1y Amount expended on 11al D1rojects to June 801, 1924. a, ter (leducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.60: New work_.. . 8$8.502. 05 Maintenance- . 144. 35 Net total expended ....- 41.706.40 Total appropriantons to date of this report 45. 280. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 - i Expended for new work_ Expended for maintenance 1___ $2, 023. 92 $2, 054. 65 $1, 633. 59" $4, 605. 38 $139. 27 Appropriated or allotted__ 1 1--600.00 -- - ''1I 1, 680. 00 3. 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $1. 707. 19 Amount allotted from War Department Iappropri ation alctt approved June 7, 1924_ 3.500. 00 5, 207. 19 .1un!e 30, 1924, amount expende(l during fiscal year, for mnintenance 1. 633. 59 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 573. 60 8-, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1.926; for maintenance_ ---------- -- . 000. 00 12. NARROWS IN SANTA ROSA SO()UNI), FLA. Location and description.---This is a narrow body of water about 34 miles in length, with a width ranging from 11/ miles at its junc- tion with Pensacola Bay on the west to a width of about 150()yards at the east end, where it joins Choctawhatchee Bay. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by a narrow sand island known as Santa Rosa Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 186.) Original condition.-There existed a controlling depth through the sound of 6 feet, with varying widths, except at the narrows toward the eastern end, where at several places a limiting depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet prevailed. This was also the limiting depth over the bar at the entrance to Choctawhatchee Bay. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water with no reference to width. This project inclded drede- 1 Not deducting receits from sales, etc. 2 Exclusiv~ie of available l lltldi. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MIONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 755 ing a channel 3,000 feet long through the bar at the entrance of the narrows into Choctawhatchee Bay and various other short channels in Santa Rosa Sound aggregating a total of 9,20() feet additional. T he mean range of tide in the sound is 1.4 feet. The extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work was $24,000. The estimated cost of maintenance is $2,0(00 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 565, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of this work has been published in a printed document or report. Recomnmend(d m(1odifcationhs of project.None. Local cooperatmion.-Sone. l'ermlnal facilities.--None, other than natural landings and about 12 small boat landings used by fishing boats and trading launches plying between Pensacola and points on Santa Rosa Sound and Choct awhatchee Bay. These facilities appear to be adequate for present conmmerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of i.; 'ocellet.- The increased depth now available has facilitated and enlarged a trade in the transportation of cypress and pine logs, lumber, naval stores, and general merchandise be- tween ("hoctawhliatchee River, points on Choctawhatchee Bay, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola. It has also resulted in the development and in a greatly incrleased population of the district along the waters namned. Operations a( fac ,year;'.--T.le'e were no active ,,esults( dur)in'/sal operations during the fiscal year. rh m of e sln .5830() was expended for liabilities from 1previous year, and $658.35 for overhead, office expenses, and contingencies, making a total of $1.241.95. ('onditiona at end of fis(cal /ea. as completed in This project As 1912. iesulting in an increased depth of over 2 feet at the critical points. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at McManus Crossing was 6.4 feet at mean low water; at Williams Creek, 6.7 feet: at1 Hur ricane Crossin, 7.5 feet; at Newtons Cut, 7.6 feet: at (Circular Crossing, 7.6 feet; and on (Choctawhatchee Bar., 7 feet. The original widths of the portions of the channel named have been contracted. The total expenditures were $2_,2,52,5.86 for new work and $lt11,667.3(0for maintenance, making a total of $34.193.16. Proposed o)peratiozs.--With the funds munexpended on June 30, 1924 ($6,806.84), it is proposed to redredred the various shoal locali- ties where shoaling has occurred, employing the V.. S. snagboat Choctahcatche, equipped with dredging outfit, for a period of apI)roximately four months, at an estimated cost of $5,500; surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $1 ,306.84. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $9,000 can be profitably expended on this imnprovement during the tfiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance. This amount will be applied as follows: For dredging operations enmploy- ing the VU. S. pipe-line dredge Bllacw'aterfor a period of one month, at an estimated cost of $8,000; for surveys, overhead, and contingen- cies, $1,0()0. The cost of nmaintenance will be greater than the aver- age annual expenditure din the past ive'eas, as the oj does not~ -requi1re ------- ~ I-- ~ ---------- ~ ~ ~dredgin1g. annual - -- .. .,-- A 756 REPORT OF CHCIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 (Commerial statiSt.ic .-- All tlhe commerce reported for 192-3 sed the improvement. The chief items of commerce going east were animal and vegsetable food products, textiles, nonmetallic minerals, and misiceiianeous articles. The chief items going west were forest products. Cypress logs. amounting 51,420 tons, valued at $393,600, were floated, soing west. This item is included in the totals. There are two steamboats and four gasoline launches making regular trips through the Nar- rows. The vessels using this waterway draw froim 3 to 6 feet loadaed. which depth was available throughout the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tonils Value Passengers 1919- ---- 35,043 $2,708,428 5, 056 1922--- -- 109,053 $2 199. 060 4, 240 1920- -- - - 28, 502 2, 090, 994 4, 268 1923 SO, 1 i ', ,86. 229 4, 435 1921 61,416 i1, 456, 355 1,061 )lcial sun/)(y'i/ Fina Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,797.04: New work__ $-22,525. St Maintenance ...........- 11, 667. 30 Net total expend(ed -34, 193. 10 Total appropriations to d(late of this report _____ ___ 41. 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work __-. . . .--- 547 - 2--- - -- Expended for maintenance 1 . $3, 628. 85 $92. 30 $4. 73 $2, 472 37 $1, 241. 9 Appropriated or allotted .-- ...... 1 7,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-__ $ 7, 553. 95 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-.... 494. 84 8, 048. 79 ,Tune 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, ffor maintelance _ 1. 241. 95 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 6. 806. 84 Amount that cat be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance 9. 000. 00 13. BLACKWATER RIVER, FLA. ver rises in the south central Location and description.--Ths river part of the State of Alabama and flows in a southwesterly( direction for a distance of 75 miles throughl tlhe States of Alabama and Florida, emptying into Blackwater Bay, through which and thence through East Bay access may be obtained to Pensacola Bay. (See INot: deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclcusive of available~l funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 757 U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 186.) The drainage area of this river is 1.,070 square miles. The high and low water dis- charges are not known, but that portion of the river under improve- ment is tidal and is little affected by the river discharges. This river is tidal as far as 27 miles from the mouth. Above this point the current is rapid. The average width between banks varies be- tween 100 and 400 feet; the fall per mile above the tidal section of the river is reported as about 21/2 feet per mile. Original condition.The channel as far as Milton, 10 miles from the mouth, had a mean low-water depth of 6 feet, with varying widths. Above Milton the stream was navigable for a distance of 13 miles for boats drawing less than 3 feet, and above this point rafting had been carried on to a point 35 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.--The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899. The total amount expended under this project was $5,000, division be- tween new work and maintenance not being of record. Work under existing project was begun in 1906. For further details of previous projects, see page 1834, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the mouth to Milton, a distance of 10 miles, to be secured by dredging at necessary points. The river is tidal throughout the portion under improvement. The mean range of tide is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. The estimated cost of new work made in 1902, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $15,000. The cost of maintenance is estimated at $1,000 per annum. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doe. No. 193, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no map of the Blackwater River published in any congressional document or annual report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a timber wharf at Milton and one at Bagdad, both pile structures, extending to 16 feet of water; no mechanical appliances; open to all carriers; and no railway connec- tions. These facilities appear to be adequate for present commerce. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. Transportation for a large lumber in- dustry has been greatly facilitated; also a fair trade in general merchandise, naval stores, crossties, and passengers between Pensa- cola and Milton, Fla. It is estimated that 35 vessels, with draft not exceeding 9 feet, use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were carried on during the fiscal year. The amount of $1,188.74 was expended for overhead and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.--All work required under the existing project was completed during !the fiscal year 1916, resulting in an increased depth of 2 feet. At the close of the fiscal year 5'7,300 feet of the channel length had the project dimensions; 7,500 feet had less than the project depth, with a controlling depth of 6.6 feet. In the shallow portions the channel width is somewhat contracted. The total expenditures under the existing project were $36,649.90 for new work and $30,700.13 for maintenance, a total of $67,350.03. 758 IEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1924 Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($25,249.97), it is proposed to carry on dredging operations with the U. S. pipe-line dredge Blackcwater for a period of approxl- mately two months, at an estimated cost of $22,000; care of and repairs to plant, $1,000; and surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $2,249.97. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended on this improvement for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. No active operations are contemplated, but the sum stated will be re- quired for surveys, overhead, and contingent expenses. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. This consisted chiefly of animal and vegetable food products, textiles, and miscellaneous articles, upstream, and of forest products downstream. The upstream commerce was comprised of shipments from Pensa- cola to Milton, the latter beling situated about ? miles above the mouth of Blackwater River. This commerce was carried on small steamers, gasoline launches, and barges, drawing from 4 to 8 feet when loaded. The depth was sufficient to accommodate all shipping interests throughout the year. Comparative statem,ent Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919-..........-72,291 $1, 882,587 3,481 1922 .-.... 20, 858 $1, 102, 200 1, 840 1920 -....-.... 49,294 1. 924, 160 2, 760 1923 -.... 33, 565 1, 241,031 660 1921 -.----.... 13, 152 1,015, 958 1,083 II Financial s-unmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,199.22: New work-_ - _ - $41, 649. 90 Maintenance__ 30, 700. 13 Net total expended----. 72, 350. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 97, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work Expended for maintenance $24, 007. 61 $1, 437. 42 $683. 78 $1, 990.62 $1, 188. 74 Appropriated or allotted__ 25, 00. 00 July 1, 1923 balance unexpended $25, 891. 79 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_ 546. 92 26, 438. 71 June 30, 1924, aimount expended during fiscal year, for mnaini enance_ 11, 188. 74 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 25, 249. 97 Amount that can be-profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance _..._._....25, 000. 00 1 N1~ot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-- ONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 759 14. ESCAMBIA AND CONECIUH RIVERS, FLA. AND ALA. Location and description.--One stream, rising in central Alabama below Union Springs, flows southwesterly to Florida State line, thence southerly through Florida to Escambia Bay, an arm of Pen- sacola Bay. In Alabama approximately 235 miles long, and known as Conecuh River; in Florida 651/2 miles long, and known as Escambia River. Drainage area 4,400 square miles. Estimated low-water discharge 1,600, and at 4-foot stage, 6,500 second-feet. Low water occurs from April to December, inclusive, with 3-foot stage from December to April, inclusive. Tidal to about 15 miles above mouth; beyond sluggish, except at bars. At the Florida line 200 feet wide; above decreases to about 100 feet 150 miles from the mouth; below State line broadens out at certain points to 200 feet. Fall per mile between mouth and a point 114 miles above 51/2 to 8 inches; above varying from 14 to 30 inches per mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 186.) Original condition.---The Conecuh River was impassable for boats and could be navigated by rafts only at stages of 4 to 5 feet. The Escambia River was navigable except at low-water stages for boats drawing 5 feet as far as the State line, but was badly obstructed by logs, snags, and overhanging trees. The mouth of the river was also obstructed by a bar over which the depth prior to improvement was about 2 feet, with a width of channel of about 100 feet. Previous projects. The sum of $5,000, appropriated in 1833, " for the Escambia River only," was expended, but there is no record of the matter other than the appropriation. The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, adopted the original project for the improve- ment of the Conecuh River, which was later modified by the act of March 2, 1907. The total expenditures prior to the adoption of the present project were $71,175. Work under existing project was begun in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 1837, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a dredged channel 2,200 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 519 feet deep at mean low water through the bar at the mouth of the river, and a navigable channel from the mouth to Patsaliga Creek, a distance of 147 miles. The channel above the mouth of the river was to be obtained by the removal of certain obstructions to navigation and by the construction of dikes, wing dams, and shore protection to obtairn 5 feet to the Florida State line. A navigable channel in the Conecuh River was to be obtained by the removal of snags, closing cut-offs, and constructing wing dams. Dikes and wing dams are of the usual pile and brush type. The mean range of the tide at the mouth of the river is 2 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is 3 feet. At the Florida State line the ordinary seasonal fluctuation of stage does not exceed 8 feet. Flood stages vary from 12 to 20 feet above low water. The original estimates for new work, exclusive of the amount ex- pended on previous project, were $25,000 for the Escambia River, including the bar at the mouth, made in 1879, and $31,000 for the Conecuh River, made in 1905. No estimates for maintenance were originally made, but the cost of maintaining the channel at the mouth of the river is now estimated at $500 per annum. TIhe existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor 760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the channel through the bar at the mouth of the river and to the Florida State line (Annual Report for 1879, p. 852) ; the act of March 2, 1907, pro- vided for improvement of the Conecuh River (H. Doc. No. 159, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The only published map of this river will be found in House Document No. 701, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 2, 1917, the Chief of Engineers recommended legislation authoriz- ing the modification of the project for improvement of the Escambia River so as to abandon all work above the mouth, including the extension of the channel into the Conecuh River, and to provide only for a channel through the bar at the mouth 61/2 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, the modification to be effected without additional expense in connection with maintenance, which is esti- mated at $1,000 per year. (See H. Doc. No. 113, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. So far as can be learned, none are required other than the natural landings now in use. (See H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The general effect of the improvement was to admit of safe transportation of timber and logs in rafts oni a stage of water approximately 3 feet less than under original con- ditions. No vessels seek this locality as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were carried on during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $340.11 for overhead and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This project was completed about 1882; the records are not definite. The result of the improvement was a channel 150 feet wide and 51/2 feet deep through the bar at the mouth of the river, and a navigable channel from the mouth of the river to Patsaliga Creek. At the end of the fiscal year the control- ling depths were about 4.4 feet on the bar at the mouth of the river, with a width of 40 feet, 4.5 feet to Molino, 3 feet to the State line, and 1.5 feet to Patsaliga Creek. From December to May high water makes 2 feet or more additional depth available. There is little commerce on this river except logs and rafts. There is a gauge near the mouth of the river with its zero placed at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project were $47,161.26 for new work and $79,477.92 for maintenance, a total of $126,639.18. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($3,085.82), it is proposed to operate the U. S. snagboat Choc- tawhatchee, equipped with dredging outfit, for a period of approxi- mately two months in redredging at the mouth of the river, at an estimated cost of $2,500; and surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $585.82. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $8,000 can be profitably expended on this improvement, for maintenance, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. This amount will be applied as follows: For dredging operations at the mouth, employing the U. S. pipe-line dredge Bladicater for a period RIVERS AND H.ARBORS--MO)NTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 761 of one month, at an estimated cost of $7,()000; for surveys. overhead, and contingencies, $1,000. The maintenance cost for 1926 will be greater than the average annual expenditure during the past five years, as annual dredging of this project is not required. Comtmrcmcial statistics.All the commerce reported for 1923 used the improvement. The total commerce amounted to 28,145 tons, valued at $141,666; of this, 24,000 tons, valued at $56,000, was cypress logs, floated down- stream. Boats engaged in the traffic on this stream make intermit- tent trips only and draw from 3 to 5 feet. This draft was available throughout the year. Comprative statement Year Tons Value Year r'ons Value 1919__ 3,000 $70,000 1922_ 10, 660 $122, 030 1920 7, 691 159, 700 1923_ 28, 145 141, 666 1921_.. 9, 763 152, 800 F nancinal sunmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,300.40: New work _..._..- $118, 336. 26 Maintenance 79, 477. 92 Net total expended 197, 814. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report 200, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ------- i.......--- 5i --- ------------- ------------- Expended for maintenance _ $273. 37 $3, 886. 79- $1, 899. 12 $294. 46 $340. 11 Appropriated or allotted .-.... 2,000.00 3,200.00 i .July 1. 1923, balance unexpended ....- $3, 425. 93 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 340.1.1 July 1, 1924, balance unexpellde1--------.- 3, 085. 82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, for maintenance _______ 8, 000. 00 15. HARBOR AT PENSACOLA, FLA. Location and description.-This harbor is a natural indentation of the coast line of northwest Florida about 40 miles east of Mobile Bay. Its principal axis is northeast, in which direction it is about 13 miles long, its width being approximately 5 miles. It is extended to the northeast by East Bay, into which empties Blackwater Bay, the mouth of the river of the same name. West of East Bay is Es- caimbia Bay, opening into the main harbor and forming the mouth of 1 Not; deucting receipts fromt sides.? etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 762 REPORT OF CH-IEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the Escaimbia and Conecuh Rivers. At the southeast Pensacola Bay opens into Santa Rosa Sound, through which it, has a secondary exit to the Gulf of Mexico, by way of East Pass. The main entrance to Pensacola Bay from the Gulf of' Mexico is through a )ash at the southwest extremity of the harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 186.) Original condition..-The available depth across the inner bar at the entrance to this harbor was 22 feet, the width of channel being contracted by the movement of what is known as Middle Ground Shoal-to the southward. The depth of water over the outer batr was practically the same. The channel was also obstructed by wrecks,, and the western shore line, in the vicinity of Fort Meltee, at the entrance to the harbor, was rapidly eroding, almnost the whole of old Fort McRee having been washed away before the erosion was stopped. Vessels drawing 20 feet ocould load at the wharves at Pen- sacola, and a,spacious anchorage area of 5 square miles, with a depth of more than 30, feet, was afforded in close proximity to the city and to the naval station. Pre-viou.s projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 18, 1878, subsequently ame>nded and modified by the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899. Under this project and its modifications there was expended $721,338.21, of which $594,688.55 was for new work and $126,649.66 for maintenance. Work under existing project was begun in 1903. For further details of previous projects see page 1 Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 500 feet wide from the Gulf of Mexico to the dock line at the east end of the city of Pensacola, and also pro- vides that $150,000 might be used in constructing or purchasing a seagoing suction dredge. Under this project channels to the .depth above, indicated were required to, be dredged for a distance of 10.000 feet through the outer bar and 1,200 feet through the inner bar. Thel mean range of.tide throughout the harbor is approximately 1.4 feet near the entrance and about 2 feet at, the head of the bay. The ex- treie range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. No estimate of the cost of new work was made. Tlie cost of maintenance is esti- mated at $20,000 annually. IThe existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The latest published map of the entire harbor will be found in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1911, opposite page 1684. The Annual Report for 1891, at page 1733, gives the latest detailed map of entrance, while the An- nual. Report for 1914, at page 2162, gives the detailed survey of the outer bar. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Termninal facilities.-The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. ter- minals consist, of four timber-pile piers, served by their tracks and those of the Pensacola Electric Co., open to all carriers. not com- peting on equal terms, as' follows: Coaling pier, 2,240 by 120 feet, at outer end, equipped" with elevated track provided with 10 chutes, RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONT'GOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 76 3 also 2 coaling towers at outer end; depth of water, 28 feet; berthing space, 2,325 feet. One pier, 1,325 by 105 feet, equipped with 2 ware- houses and 8 railroad tracks (1 elevated) ; depth of water, 28 feet" berthing space, 2,350 feet. One pier, 1,350 by 140 feet, equipped with warehouse facilities but no mechanical handling devices; depth of water, 28 feet; b'erthing space, 2,160 feet. One pier, 200 by 100 feet, without warehouse or mechanical handling devices; depth of water, 10 to 28 feet; berthing space, 500 feet. The Gulf, Florida & Alabama Railway terminals consist of three piers, with a. total berthing space of 3,800 feet, served by their tracks and those of the Pensacola Electric Co., open to all carriers not com- peting on equal terms. One pier is equipped with a, coaling tower having a capacity of 600 tons per hour. Depth of water available at each of these piers is from 18 to 30 feet; ground storage space on water front outside of these piers is 23 acres. Palafox and Baylen Street wharves ,are of timber and have an available depth of from 10 to 18 feet. These wharves are used almost exclusively by the owners; in, connection with their fish business, but also to some extent as landings for river and small coastwise craft. The above facilities are considered adequate for the, existing co.m- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, seel H. Doc. No. 659, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the channel has given greatly increased facilities to, the shipping of Pensacola. The capac- ity of vessels visiting this port is becoming greater on account of the deeper draft available. A steamship line recently inaugurated be- tween the port of Pensacola and Atlantic ports, employing three, steamers, is now offering'freight rates considerably ,below established rail rates on many commodities. It is estimated that 50 vessels with draft not exceeding 10 feet use the harbor for refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.---There were no active operations during the year. The expenditures were $227.75 for repairs to U. S. launch Santa Rosa; $230.27 for repairs to U. S. launch Arrow; $5,265.15 for survey of harbor entrance; $17,470.79 for care of plant and buildings; and $3,188.53 for overhead, office expenses, and contingencies. making a total expenditure of $26,- 382.50-all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in the fiscal year 1915. All obstructing wrecks had been removed. Two groins-one 360 feet in length, the other 220 feet in length-were completed in 1890 to maintain the shore line in the vicinity of Fort McRee. The channel across Caucus Shoal was completed in 1915. The north groin is still in good condition. The south groin, prac- tically destroyed by the storms of July and October, 1916, has been rebuilt. The net result of the improvement has been an increase in depth of about 8 feet over the bar at the mouth of the harbor, per- mitting vessels of deeper draft to proceed to Pensacola. The con- trolling depth of the entrance channel at the end of the fiscal year was 30 feet at mean low water, the project depth. The width was practically 400 feet. 764 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The middle ground along the Barrancas ranges has moved to the westward about 250 feet. Vessels passing along this portion have to swing to the westward about the same distance, where the depth is 36 feet, with more than ample width. The present controlling depth on the Barrancas ranges is 25 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project were $351,709.74 for new work and $376,503.34 for maintenance, a total of $728,213.08. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924-$56,075.49 -it is proposed to employ a United States seagoing hopper dredge for a period of approximately three months in re- dredging the entrance channel, at an estimated cost of $45,000; for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $11,065.63; and payment of $9.86 liabilities outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The sum of $25,000 can be profitably expended upon this improve- ment for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. This amount will be applied as follows: Redredging the Caucus Channel, operating a United States seagoing hopper dredge for a period of approximately one and one-half months, at an estimated cost of $20,000; for surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $5,000. Commercial statistics.--Of the conmlnerce reported for 1923, 715,884 tons, valued at $22,388,210, passed over the improved portion of the harbor. At portion of the coastwise traffic 142,524 tons, valued at $3768,926-did not pass over the improved channel: 85,000 tons of cypress logs, valued at $440,000, were floated from adjitcent waters. The intransit traflic amounting to 356,164 tons, valued, at $19,411,- 847, passed over the improvement, but is not included in the sum shown in comparative statement. The foreign imports amounted to 39,457 tons, valued $1,981,959, the chief items of which were whale oil, nitrate of soda, and manure salts. The foreign exports amounted to 452,914 tons, valued at $10, 812,045. The chief items of export were resin, turpentine, pitch, tobacco, cotton, lumber, timber; fuel oil, and sulphate of ammonia. The coastwise receipts amounted to 208,454 tons, valued at $7,- 580,83;:4his consistedchiefly of animal and vegetable food products, forest products, and textiles. Coastwise shipments amounted to 157,583 tons, valued at $5,782, 149. The chief items were forest prod- ucts, textiles, nonmetallic minerals, pipe, etc. The usual limit of draft of loaded vessels was 18 to 25 feet. Sixty- two vessels cleared drawing more than 25 feet. Eight vessels cleared drawing between 28 and 30 feet. Thirty feet was available through- out the year. Comparative statement Year Tons Value Passengers Year Tons Value Passengers 1919_----------- 458, 452 $19, 258, 535 9, 853 1922 __ 974. 037 $25,157, 843 5,402 1920----------- 675,493 25,074, 901 8,783 1923-----------858,408 26, 157, 136 4, 02 1921----------- 487, 060 12, 794, 993 5, 827 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 765 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $169,288.69: New work ---------------------------------------------- $946, 398. 29 Maintenance --------------------------------------------- 503, 153. 00 Net total expended 1, 449, 551. 29 Total appropriations to date of this report 1, 505, 626. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work . .... -..... ---- .............. Expended for maintenance $16, 741. 80 $48, 032. 56 $84, 666. 38 $30, 375. 63 $26, 382. 50 Appropriated or . . .allotted . 99, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $11, 828. 40 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924- 70, 629. 59 82, 457. 99 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 26, 382. 50 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -- 56,.075. 49 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities- - --- ----- 9. 86 July, 1, 1924, balance available_-- 56, 065. 63 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance .25, 000. 00 16. LA GRANGE BAYOU, FLA. Location and description.-La Grange Bayou is an arm of Choc- tawhatchee Bay, Fla., entering the latter from the north at a point about 51/2 miles from its most easterly limits. It is 2 miles in length and has an average width of one-third mile. It is tidal throughout. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet, and the extreme range, except during storms, is about 3 feet. Flowing into the head of this bayou is Four Mile Creek, a deep, sluggish stream, also tidal. One and one-half miles above the mouth of this creek is located the small town of Freeport, Fla., which is the head of existing naviga- tion. La Grange Bayou is 70 miles east of the port of Pensacola. Fla., with which it is connected by an inland waterway through the narrows of Santa Rosa Sound, Santa Rosa Sound, and Pensacola Bay. The adjacent port on the east, St. Andrews Bay, Fla., is 83 miles distant, and is isolated commercially from La Grange Bayou, since East Pass, the entrance from Gulf of Mexico into Choctaw- hatchee Bay, is not a commercial channel, and there is no inland waterway connection. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 185. Original condition.-The only data available concerning the orig- inal condition of La Grange Bayou is that contained in a report submitted in 1881 and printed in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1882, page 1318. The controlling depth at mean low water was about 3 feet. Previous project.-Pursuant to the report of 1881 a plan of im- provement was adopted under an act of Congress approved March 3, 1881. This plan contemplated the deepening of the channel through 1 Not deducting receipts from sales,.. Etc. Excscusive of avrailable funds. 766 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the bayou by dredging, so as to accommodate vessels drawing 41/ feet at mean low water. The total amount expended on this im- provement was $2,160.80. Following a report of 1889, the Secretary of War directed that no further expenditures be made. No work of improvement or maintenance has been done since 1887. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and approximately 10,700 feet long, extending from near the mouth of La Grange Bayou to the mouth of Four Mile Creek. The normal range of tide is about 1.4 feet. The estimate of cost of new work (1921) is $38,000. Of this sum, $9,500 is to be contributed by local interests. The (1921) estimated cost of maintenance is $1,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor, act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 111, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.None. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to contribute $9,500 before any expenditure is made by the Government. Terminal facilities.-None, except small wharves and landings for small.craft, which are adequate. Effect of improvement. No work under the existing project has been done. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No operations were carried on during the fiscal year, due to failure of local interests to meet the provision for cooperation contained in the act adopting the project. Condition at ,end of, fiscal year.-The existing channel of La Grange Bayou has a width of 60 feet and an average depth of 4.8 feet. The controlling depth is normally 4 feet at mean low water. During low winter tides it is reduced to 3 feet. The channel, from vegetable growth and very fine silt, has so shoaled that traffic expe- riences much inconvenience during low tides and at times is seri- ously delayed. In Four Mile Creek the minimum depth is about 9 feet. No expenditures have been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-There were no funds unexpended on June 30, 1924, and no operations are contemplated during the fiscal year 1925, inasmuch as it is not expected that the condition for local cooperation in the cost of this improvement will be complied with. No funds are recommended for the fiscal year 1926 for the reason just stated. Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics were compiled prior to 1922. In previous years the traffic had been included in the report for Choctawhatchee River, Fla. The chief items of upstream commerce were. animal and vegetable food products and textiles. The downstream traffic consisted en- tirely of forest products. The upstream commodities were shipped from Pensacola to Freeport. Coimparative statemnent Year Tons Value Passengers 1920 _-- ...... - .-------------- ------------.. .----------- 7,700 $708,148 1: 340 1921 .. . . . . ..---- . ............. .---------- . -----.. . 15, 891 502, 385 115 1922 ..... . ..._ ...............-......... 12,831 986,690 187 1923--- - ..-----.------- ------------------------. . _. 12, 214 515,888 159 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 76 Financial sumnnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work------------------- Maintenance ------------- $2, 160. 80 Net total expended - Total appropriations to date of this report 0, 000. 00 1---------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .. ..... ... . .. , .... ... --- .............- -... . . -- Expended for maintenance.. . -I ___ .............- ----------- -. . . .i---- .. --- Appropriated or allotted .- - - - -. . . . . . . . Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------ $28, 500. 00 17. ALABAMA RIVER, ALA. Location and description.-The Alabama River is formed 18 miles above Montgomery, Ala., by the junction of the Coosa and Talla- poosa Rivers. From this junction it flows in a southwesterly direc- tion through the State of Alabama for a distance of 311 miles, and unites about 44 miles north of the city of Mobile, in the southwestern part of the State, with the Tombigbee River to form the Mobile River. (See U. S. Geographical Survey charts for central and south- west Alabama.) The Alabama River has a drainage area of 15,656 square miles, not including the drainage area of the Coosa River. It has an average low-water discharge at Montgomery of 5,000 second- feet and an average high-water discharge of 125,000 second-feet. Mean low water occurs during the months of May to December, inclu- sive, and high water occurs between the months of January to April. The Alabama River is not a tidal stream and its current is sluggish. The average width of the river at its source is about 400 feet and about 700 feet at its mouth. The fall per mile is 0.5 foot from its source to Selma, a distance of 100 miles, and 0.28 foot from Selma to the mouth. Original condition.-The Alabama River has always been navi- gable for light-draft boats throughout its entire length. Navigation was, however, badly obstructed by logs, trees, and gravel shoals at many places, over which the minimum usable depth at low water was about 2 feet. The width of the navigable channel varied from 100 feet in several restricted localities to 500 to, 600 feet in others. The head of navigation was at Wetumpka, on the Coosa River, about 11 miles above the junction of that stream with the Tallapoosa River. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopted the original project for the improvement of this stream, which was modified and extended by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The total amount expended under this project was $419,445.69, of which $400,420.57 was for new work and $19,025.12 for maintenance. Work under existing project was, begun in 1905. For further details of previous projects, see page 1837, Annual Re- port for 1915. 1 Of this amount, $7,839.20 was spent on the improvement of Holmes River, Fla. (Vernon to its mouth). 10710--ENG 1924----49 768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel by open- channel work not less than 4 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 322 miles. Under this project dredging and contraction works were required at various obstruct- ing shoals, usually consisting of gravel bars distributed over the entire length of the river. The variation between average high and low water is 40.4 feet. The extreme variation is 57 feet at Mont- gomery. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $850,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. Estimate for annual maintenance, made in 1905, was $50,000 from the mouth to Montgomery and $5,000 from Montgomery to We- tumpka, made in 1908. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts as follows: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the channel from the mouth to Montgomery (H. Doc. No. 378, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel from Montgomery to Wetumpka (H. Doc. No. 1089, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map of Alabama River will be found in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2124. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-On the east bank at Montgomery, Ala., there is a wharf of two inclined tracks and warehouse, owned by the city of Montgomery, connecting with the city streets and with the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad. Since built, all boats coming to Mont- gomery have used this wharf. The facilities are considered adequate for existing conditions. This wharf is open to all carriers on equal terms, no charge for loading or unloading. A wharf is needed at Selma. The various natural landings below Montgomery, except at Selma, appear to serve present purposes. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increasedminimum usable depth to 3 feet for the entire year, thus making transportation easier and more dependable. Effective competition with the railroads has been maintained as far as Selma. Whether this competition has resulted in an actual lowering of rates is not known, but it is claimed that the competition has prevented an increase in rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Jetty work was carried on at Valley Creek Bar, Cades Bar, Turkey Ford, Mary Taylor Bar, Rifleman Bar, and Kings Bar, resulting in the construction of 1,612 linear feet of new jetties and 775 linear feet of repairs, at a total cost of $28,354.67. Snagging operations were carried on between Selma and the mouth of the river, resulting in the removal of 1,768 obstructions at a cost of $15,116.19. Local surveys at various bars improved were made, at a cost of $2,665.39. A new steel barge was bought under contract at a cost of $15,625, and a new inspection launch purchased at a cost of $4,696.50. Other expenditures were: Repairs to plant, $10,627.41; care of idle plant, $8,286.07; construc- tion of shelter for launch, $747.55; concrete rock made and available for use, $5,603.20; engineering and superintendence, $2,148.14; and overhead and office expenses, $9,181.74. The total expenditures for the year were $103,051.86, of which $20,018.35 was for new work and $83,033.51 was for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 769 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel depth has been im- proved at the shallowest, bars and shoals between the mouth of the river and Montgomery, Ala., by dredging and contraction works; between Montgomery, Ala., and Wetumpka, Ala., the work has consisted in removing snags. At the end of the fiscal year the existing project was 85.7 per cent completed. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was about 3 feet at Lower Portland Bar, 170 miles above the mouth. Boats drawing 3 feet or less can usually operate throughout the year. Gauges are established at Mont- gomery and at Selma, the readings on these two gauges for extreme low water being minus 2 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of approximately 16,978 linear feet of brush and pile dikes from Montgomery, Ala., to the mouth. At the end of the fiscal year the work was in fair condi- tion; some of the pile and brush dikes and spur jetties will have to be repaired or renewed. The total expenditures under the ex- isting project were $568,371.07 for new work and $716,218.49 for maintenance, making a total of $1,284,589.56. Proposed operatiois.twith the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($72,096.56), it is proposed to continue jetty repair and con- struction, employing the U. S. towboat Alabama and attendant plant for a period of 6 months, at an estimated cost of $30,000; snagging operations over the stretch of river from Selma, Ala., to the mouth, employing the U. S. snagboat Wm. J. Twining for a pe- riod of 5 months, at an estimated cost of $15,000; repairs to and care of plant, $8,000; construction of new quarterboat, $6,000; surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $4,212.69; and payment of $8,863.87 liabilities outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The amount that can profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($75,000), will be applied to work of improve- ment and maintenance as follows: For repairs and extensions to ex- isting jetties, and construction of new jetties, employing the U. S. towboat Alabama and attendant plant for a period of 8 months, at an estimated cost of $40,000; for snagging operations, employing the U. S. snagboat Win. J. Twining for a period of 5 months, at an esti- mated cost of $15,000; for care of floating plant, $5,000; repairs to plant, $7,500; and surveys, overhead, and contingencies, $7,500. The foregoing includes $30,000 for new work and $45,000 for maintenance. Commercial statistic.-All the commerce of this stream for the calendar year 1923 used the improvement. It consisted principally of vegetable food products, fertilizers, cotton and cottonseed, and floated logs. Twenty-two thousand seven hundred and forty tons of logs, valued at $90,960, were rafted down the river. (It was impossi- ble to get accurate figures of the tonnage of logs rafted in some cases, and it was therefore necessary to estimate a part of this tonnage.) Eight thousand nine hundred and sixty tons of lumber, piling, and firewood, valued at $136,085, were handled on barges on the river. and the remaining tonnage, 8,992 tons, valued at $1,563,760 and con- sisting principally of vegetable food products, cotton, cottonseed, fertilizers, and miscellaneous merchandise and hardware, was handled by the steamer operating on this river. Due to the shallow water on the river during the period from June 1 to December 1, the steamer operating on it was unable to make but 770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 a few trips during this time. During the remainder of tohe year the water is higher, and a 4-foot depth is obtainable. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ..- 1920 ..-. -. 65, 774 54,056 $3, 627, 830 2,361, 375 2,840 2,667 1922 -....... 1.923 ... -- 37, 307 40, 692 $933, 868 1, 790, 805 1, 800 715 1921 -----------.. . 13, 650 1,035, 366 600 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $43,050.98: New work__ -$968, 791. 64 Maintenance ________________________________________ 735, 243. 61 Net total expended------------------------ 1, 704, 035. 25 Total appropriations to date of this report_ - ---- 1, 776, 131. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 _... $13, 405. 34 $8, 676. 16 $272. 27 $11, 187. 56 $20, 018. 35 Expended for maintenance 1__ 68, 369. 14 28, 774. 75 33, 964. 16 47, 865. 93 83, 033. 51 Total expended 1 _ _ _. 81, 774. 48 37, 450. 91 34, 236. 43 59, 053. 49 103, 051. 86 Appropriated or allotted- - 18, 000. 00 49, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 122, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------$149, 558. 42 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------ ---- 5, 590. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 175, 148. 42 _ For new work------------------------- -- $20, 018 35 For maintenance 033.'51 8----------------------------- 83, 103, 051. 86 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-- 2, 096. 56 7----------------------------- July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 863. 87 8,----------------------- July 1, 1924, balance available ---------- -- 63, 232. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------------ 258,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work ----------------------- -- - - 230, 000. 00 For maintenance --------------------------- 45, 000. 00 Total--------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 18. COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. Location and description.-The Coosa River is formed at Rome, Ga., in the northwest part of the State of Georgia, by the junction of the Oostanaula and Etowah Rivers, which have their sources in northern Georgia. From Rome the Coosa River flows in a south- westerly direction through Georgia and Alabama for a distance of I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 9Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 771 282 miles, and unites with the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River near Montgomery, Ala., at about the ceniter of the State. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for northeast Alabama and north- west Georgia.) The drainage area of the Coosa River and its tribu- taries is 10,200 square miles. It has an average low-water discharge of 2,500 and an average high-water discharge of 55,000 second-feet. The low-water stage. usually exists during the months of June to December, inclusive, and the high-water stage during the months of January to May, inclusive. This is a nontidal stream, rather slug- gish between Rome, Ga., and Greensport, Ala., but rapid below that place. The average width between banks is 600 feet. The fall per mile is 0.64 foot between Rome and Greensport; 1.23 feet from that point to Weduska Shoals, 58 miles from the mouth; and 5.15 feet from these shoals to Wetumpka. Original conditio.-From the mouth of the river at its junction with the Tallapoosa to Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of about 11 miles, the river was navigable at all times. From Wetumpka to Greens- port, Ala., a distance of 143 miles, the river was navigable only at high water and in comparatively level stretches between rock shoals and reefs. From Greensport to Rome, Ga., a distance of 128 miles, the river has always been navigable for light-draft boats, the, mini- mum usable depth at low water being about 21/ feet, except at Horse- leg Shoal, near Rome, where the, depth was about 1 foot. The width of navigable channel was about 100 feet. Rome, Ga., was the head of navigation on the Coosa River, although the Oostanaula and the Coosawattee, one of its tributaries, was navigable to Carters, Ga. Previous p:rojects.-The act of August 14, 1876, adopted the origi- nal project, which was modified by the act of September 19, 1890; the total expended under this project was $966,806.38 for new work. Work under existing project was begun in 1877. For further details of previous projects see page 1837 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. This provides for securing from Dam No. 5, Ala., to Rome, Ga., a.channel 4 feet deep at extreme low water and 100 feet wide, to be obtained by open-channel work and the construc- tion of locks and dams, one dam without a lock and four locks and dams located between a point 7 miles below Riverside, Ala., and Greensport, Ala., and one, lock and dam located at Mayos Bar, 7.5 miles below Rome, Ga. The length of the section included in the project is 165.5 miles, the lower end being 117 miles above the mouth of the river. Certain data relative to the Coosa River dams are given in the following table: Available depth Dimensions of locks over miter sills at Miles low water Locks and Location with reference to from dams nearest town mouth of river Greatest available width Lift Upper Lower length Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Lock 31 (15)_Wetumpka, Ala___ 11 280 52 14. 70 8. 00 8. 00 Dam 5 ______ Gadsden, Ala., 58 miles __-- 117 10. 00 No. 4 ....... Gadsden, Ala., 48 miles ..... 127 280 52 8. 00 7. 00 7. 00 No. 3 ... Gadsden, Ala., 27 miles 148 176 40 12. 00 5. 15 4. 00 No. 2 .... Gadsden, Ala., 252 miles_ _ 14901 176 40 5. 57 5. 40 5. 20 No. 1 I Gadsden, Ala., 221% miles_ _ -.. 152 176 40 5.33 3. 41 3. 25 Mayos Bar_ Rome, Ga., 7% miles_ 275 176 40 12. 00 6. 00 5. 00 772 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Percent- age of ear Cost Los and SCharacter offfoundation Character of Kind o da Type of construction con cofm- Cost pletion Lock 31 (15) Gneiss------------------ 50$228, 511. 00 Dam 5- ....Disintegrated chert and Fixed _ Concrete and cribs._.. 100 1917 397, 834.00 limestone. No. 4..---------. do_----.....__ .___-.do - Dry rubble masonry 99 - 1 456, 620.00 No. 3 ..... Disintegrated chert_...do _..do...........----------------. 100 1890 110, 744.47 No. 2__-.... Sandstone and slate- do.- .---do .100 do..do 1890 159, 166. 00 No. 1 ... Mayos Bar_ Sandstone _____ - --- -do---- Compact shale .---------- do-- Rock-filled cribs_ Dry rubble masonry - 100 1890 106,173. 96 100 1915 279, 929. 29 1Estimated cost. The fluctuations of stage are as follows: Rome, Ga., ordinary, 30 feet; extreme, 40 feet. Gadsden, Ala., ordinary, 22 feet; extreme, 38 feet. Lock No. 4, about 4 miles above Riverside, Ala., ordinary, 17 feet; extreme, 24 feet. Wetumpka, Ala., ordinary, 45 feet; extreme, 62 feet. The latest approved estimates of cost, exclusive of amounts ex- pended on previous projects, were: Dam No. 5, $371,537.98, made in 1916; Lock No. 4, $282,000, made in 1904; Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, $47,825.80, $60,401.33, and $41,635, respectively, made in 1878; lock and dam at Mayos Bar, $281,039, made in 1908, and increased in 1912 and 1914. Estimate for open-channel work between Rome and Gadsden was $180,000, made in 1872. These estimates do not cover a reach of comparatively good river between Gadsden and Greensport, a distance of 211/2 miles. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for open-channel work and Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 for that section of the river between the Selma, Rome & Dalton Railroad bridge, near Wil- sonville, Ala., and Rome, Ga., at an estimated cost of $470,668 for work between said bridge and Greensport, Ala. (see Annual Report for 1872, p. 536); and $180,000 for work between Gadsden and Rome, a distance of 107.5 miles (see Annual Report for 1875, pt. 2, p. 661) ; the acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, provided for the present channel dimensions, viz, 4 feest deep and 100 feet wide,, the increase of lock dimensions to 52 feet width and 280 feet clear length, and for the improvement of the entire river from Wetumpka, Ala., a distance of 11 miles above the moulth, to Rome, Ga. (H. Doc. No. 94, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). Only the walls of Lock No. 31 and Dam No. 4 were constructed under this enlarged project, which has been considered as definitely abandoned following report of January 9, 1905 (H. Doc.No. 219, 58th Cong., 3d sess.). The act of June. 25, 1910, provided for Dam No. 5 and the lock in Dam No. 4 (H. Doc. No. 1421, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and for the lock and dam at Mayos Bar (H. Doc. No. 1115, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps of the Coosa River will be found in various annual reports of the Chief of Engineers. (See Annual Report for 1890, p. 1644, for that portion of the river from Lock No. 4 to Greensport; Annual Report for 1891, p. 1752, for that por- tion between Wetumpka and Lock No. 4: and Annual Report for 1913, p. 2125, for the upper Coosa.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONT'GOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 773 Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 29, 1920, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress legis- lation authorizing the abandonment for the present of the existing project, except for the inexpensive care and maintenance of locks and dams which will be provided under the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care of locks and dams. (See H. Doc. No. 1018, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Rome, Ga., there are one small private wharf on left bank of Oostanaula River, very little used, and a private wharf on left bank of Etowah River, of earth, paved with brick, and supported on river front by timber retaining wall; used exclusively by owners; very inefficient and not open to the public. It is believed that a wharf, with improved transfer facilities, open to to the public, should be provided at Rome to care for existing com- merce. At Gadsden, Ala., there are no terminal facilities, and a proper wharf, with transfer facilities, open to the public, should be provided. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improv ement.-Transportation rendered easier and more dependable by increasing the minimum usable depth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no active operations performed under the appropriation for the channel be- tween Rome, Ga., and Lock No. 4, Ala. Expenditures were-$1,570 for purchase of flowage rights on one parcel of land flooded by the construction of the dam at Mayos Bar; care of plant, $1,897.99; re- pairs to plant, $1,175.64; and $1,117.30 for overhead expenses-mak- ing a total of $5,760.93. There were no operations under the appropriation for Locks and Dams Nos. 4 and 5. Expenditures were-$1,425 for the purchase of flowage rights on two parcels of land flooded by the construction of Dam No. 5; $2,969.37 for care of plant and repairs; and $431.28 for overhead expenses-making a total of $4,825.86. Total expenditures were $2. 995 for new work and $7,591.79 for maintenance-making a total of $10,586.79. Condition at end of fiscal year.--At the end of the fiscal year Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, the lock and dam at Mayos Bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock No. 4 is 99 per cent completed, the dam being fully completed. (See tabulated statement under " Exist- ing project.") Open-channel work by dredging, rock removal, and construction of contraction works had been carried on at various shoals between Lock 4, Ala., and Rome, Ga. The proportion of the existing project completed up to the end of the fiscal year was 83.5 per cent. The result was the obtaining of a 4-foot depth at mean low water on such bars as had been worked over, but no extensive and consecutive length of stream had been completed. At the end of the fiscal year, from Rome, Ga., to Gadsden, Ala., a distance of 111 miles, the controlling depth was 21/2 feet on several of the bars; from Gadsden, Ala., to Woods Ferry, a distance of 37 miles, the controlling depth was 3 feet, certain shoals and the lower sill at Lock No. 1 being the controlling points; from Woods Ferry to Lock No. 4, a distance of 9 miles, the controlling depth was 4 feet. These depths 774 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 are obtainable throughout the year. Increased drafts are ordinarily obtained between the months of January and June, inclusive. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of com- pleting lock at Dam No. 4, and lowering sills at Lock No,. 1, and com- pleting open-channel work from Mayos Bar to Lock No. 4, a distance of 148 miles. The condition of the various locks and dams at the end of the fiscal year is good. Open-channel work which has been done has in general been maintained by the action of the river. Jetties are in good condition. The total amount expended under the existing project was $1,608,- 105.59 for new work and $156,861.27 for maintenance, a total of '$1,764,966.86. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended on June 30, 1924 ($6,031), it is proposed to care for and maintain floating plant, at an estimated cost of $3,000; overhead and contingent expenses, $2,000; and pay $1,031 liabilities outstanding on June 30, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. Due to the state of navigation and commerce on this river no active work of improvement or maintenance is now being prosecuted. The sum of $5,000 will be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, to care for and maintain floating plant and to provide for office and contingent expenses. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for this stream for the cal- endar year 1923 consisted almost entirely of logs and lumber. A small quantity of coal was barged by owner; 21,672 tons of logs, lumber, and coal were transported on the river. The total value of this tonnage was $138,572. Of this tonnage, 17,918 tons, valued at $69,512, was logs which were rafted on the river by the owners of the timber; 4,294 tons of lumber, cooperage blocks, and coal, valued at $69,060, were barged by owners on barges drawing from 3 to 4 feet. From 3 to 31/2 feet is usually obtainable through- out the year, and 4 feet from January to June, inclusive. There is no steamer operating on this river. Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919....---.. 22,204 $1,228,458 220 1922 13, 398 $150,227 - 1920 -- 23,054 894,800 145 1923 22, 212 138,572 ........... 1921 11,314 444,865 25 Financialstummary BETWEEN ROME, GA. & LOCK NO. 4, ALA. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18,899.30: New work _----.... $1, 194, 356. 99 Maintenance ___-- - - 146, 451. 96 Net total expended 340, 808. 95 1--------------------------------, Total appropriations to date of this report---....---- 1, 340, 814. 58 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MONTGOMERY, ALA., DISTRICT 775 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1---- $21, 010.17 $10, 539. 39 $1, 570. 00 Expended for maintenance ..... - 15, 150. 41 12, 181. 09 $4, 064. 24 $4, 533. 69 4,190. 93 Total expended 1 ..... . . .. 36, 160. 58 22, 720. 48 4, 064. 24 4, 533.9 5, 760. 93 Appropriated or allotted - July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $4, 441. 56 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-----------------1, 325. 00 5, 766. 56 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ___--------$1, ----------------------- 570. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------ 4, 190. 93 5, 760. 93 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 5, 63 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 5. 63 LOCKS & DAMS NOS. 4 & 5 Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,832.64: New work ----------------------------------------- $700, 377. 94 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 4, 603. 69 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 704, 981. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 706, 007. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 -$92. 00 $1, 114. 01 $556. 46 $1, 425. 00 E xp en d ed for m ain te n an ce $4, 70 2. 96 332. 51 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 3, 400. 86 Total expended 1I-....... 4, 702. 96 424. 51 ' 1, 114. 01 556. 46 4, 825. 86 Appropriated or allotted___- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $5, 848. 84 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-------------------- 2. 39 5, 851 23 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------------- $1,425. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------ 3, 400. 86 4, 825. 86 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- 1,025. 37 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 1, 025. 37 LOCK AND DAM AT MAYO'S BAR Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work _- -- $275, 233. 38 Maintenance 5,805. 62 Net total expended_ 281, 039. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------__ 281, 039. 00 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 10710-ENG 1924--50 776 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 Expended for new work________ _ Expended for maintenance__ Appropriated or allotted____.. __________ CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR COOSA RIVER Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22,731.94: New work-_-_ - $2, 574, 911. 97 Maintenance - - - 156, 861. 27 Net total expended- - -- _ 2, 731, 773. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report '2, 737, 804. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 2 ..... $21, 010. 17 $10,631.39 $1, 114. 01 $556. 46 $2, 995. 00 Expended for maintenance 2 ..... 19, 853. 37 513.60 1.2, 4, 064. 24 1- 4, 533. 69 -1I 7, 591. 79 - - - I Total expended 2.......- 40, 863. 54 23, 144. 99 5, 178. 25 5, 090. 15 10, 586. 79 Appropriated or allotted ___-- ----- -- - - ------- 5,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ _-- -- $10, 290. 40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _____ ------------- 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924 - 1, 327. 39 16, 617. 79 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :2 For new work -------------------------- $2, 995. 00 For maintenance______________________ 7, 591. 79 10, 586. 79 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -- _ 6, 031. 00 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_--- - --- 1, 031. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available ---------------- 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_--------- -- -- - 3 5, 000. 00 19. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON COOSA RIVER, GA. AND ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Coosa River, Ga. and Ala. See pages 770 to 776, where general information can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the per- manent indefinite appropriation since June 30, 1890, for Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3; since September 22, 1913, for lock and dam at Mayos Bar; since May 19, 1914, for Lock and Dam No. 4. Operations and results during fiscal year--All locks were kept in operation during the year. At Lock No. 1 repairs were made to the 1 Includes $404,943.66 expended between Wetumpka and East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad bridge. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 777 dam and repairs to lock walls and floors at Lock No. 3 were comn- pleted. Silt was dredged from the entrance and chambers of Locks Nos. 1, 2, and 4, and from the canal between Locks Nos. 2 and 3. The expenditures amounted to $19,035.25. Condition at end of fiscal yecr.-Locks and Dams 1, 2, and 3, lock and dam at Mayos Bar, and Dam No. 5 had been completed. Lock and Dam No. 4 had been completed, except about 1 per cent of work required on the lock, which consists in the completion of the back fill and completion of the upper guard wall. The result of the work was to provide 4-foot navigation from Mayos Bar to Rome, Ga., and 31/4 feet from Lock 4 to Gadsden, this depth being con- trolled by the sills at Lock No. 1. All locks and dams are in good condition so far as completed. The total expenditures for the operating and care of the five locks and six dams at the end of the fiscal year were $410,446.14. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report on improvementhof Coosa River. EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922 Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Blackwater Bay and River, Fla.- Report dated March 24, 1923, was transmitted to Congress Decem- ber 15, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 0. Preliminary examination of Choctawhatchee Bay, Fla., and en- trance thereto through East Pass.-Report dated June 0, 1923, was transmitted to Congress January 4, 1924. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the, Iresent time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Apalachicola Bay, Fla. 2. Bayou Chico, Fla. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MOBILE. ALA., DISTRICT The district includes the harbors on the Alabama and Mississippi coasts and the rivers of western Alabama and eastern Mississippi. District engineer: Maj. Earl North, Corps of Engineers. Division Engineer: Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers. 778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation] Page Page 1. Mobile Harbor, Ala________ 778 7. Pascagoula Harbor, Miss___ 802 2. Channel between Mobile Bay 8. Gulfport Harbor and Ship and Mississippi Sound, Ala_ 783 Island Pass, Miss ---- 806 3. Black Warrior, Warrior, and 9. Pascagoula River, Miss. Tombigbee Rivers, Ala_.._ 786 (B1) ---------------- 813 4. Tombigbee River, Ala., from 10. Biloxi Harbor, Miss. (B2)__ 815 mouth to Demopolis (main- 11. Wolf and Jordan Rivers, tenance of channel (Al)__ 792 Miss. (B3)-------------- 817 5. Tombigbee River, from De- 12. East Pearl River, Miss. mopolis, Ala., to Walkers (B4) ------------------- 819 Bridge, Miss. (A2) -------- 795 13. Removing the water hya- 6. Operating and care of locks cinths (Mobile River, Ala., and dams on Black Warrior tributaries) - _- 822 and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala. 800 1. MOBILE HARBOR, ALA. Location and description.-This harbor, located along the lower 5 miles of Mobile River, is in the ,southwestern part of the State of Alabama, 91 miles by water from Pensacola Harbor, Fla., on the east and 97 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., and 144 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi River on the west. The average width of the lower 5 miles of Mobile River is about 900 feet. The entrance to the harbor is through Mobile Bar in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through the natural deep-water channel between Dauphin Island and the peninsula from the mainland on the east, thence through Mobile Bay to the mouth of Mobile River, a total distance of 40 miles. The average width of Mobile Bay is about 8 miles. The bar channel is unprotected. The bay channel is partially protected from gulf disturbances but subject to severe local disturbances. The river channel is protected. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1266. Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth of 23 feet at meant low water over a width of about one-half mile across Mobile Bar, and the channel through Mobile Bay had a minimum usable depth of 51/2 feet through Choctaw Pass and 8 feet through Dog River Bar at mean low water, the available draft for purposes of commerce by way of Spanish River being limited to the latter depth. The width of channel over a depth of 51/2 feet was about one- half mile. Previous projects.-The original project for the bar channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The original project for the bay and river channels was adopted May 20, 1826, the second project on July 11, 1870, the third on March 3, 1879, the fourth on August 11, 1888, the fifth on March 3, 1899, and the sixth on June 25, 1910. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1917 there was expended on original and modified projects the sum of $7,809,812.42, of which $6,398,785.81 was for new work and RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 779 $1,411,026.61 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1840 of Annual Report for 1915 and; pages 802 and 807 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across Mobile Bar 33 feet deep at mean low water and 450 feet wide and about 1 mile long, connecting the 33-foot contours south and north of the bar; for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide from deep water in lower Mobile Bay to Chickasaw Creek, about 5 miles above the mouth of Mobile River, a distance of 331/2 miles; and for the removal of sunken obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range at the lower end of the improvement is 1.1 feet and at the upper end 1.4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 3.4 feet at the lower end and 3.6 feet at the upper end. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $1,680,000 for the bay and river channels and $112,000 for the outer bar chan- nel. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $25,000 for the outer bar channel and $355,000 for the bay and river channels. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1763, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The only condition imposed by law is that no work shall be done under the existing project until local interests have established regulations satisfactory to the Secretary of War, and these were approved by the Secretary of War July 9, 1918. Terminal facilities.-Along the western shore of Mobile River, from its mouth to One Mile Creek, a distance of about 14,000 feet, there is practically a continuous series of timber wharves and piers, the greater number of which are served by rail connections. One of these wharves having a frontage of 1,500 feet, on which is a steel shed 1,240 feet long by 100 feet wide, is owned by the city of Mobile, and is served by rail connections. In addition to the above, there are three terminals below Chickasaw Creek in Mobile River. Practi- cally all these terminals are open to use by the general public, more or ,a less restrictions being imposed. On Blakeley Island, about 1 mile north of Mobile on the east side of Mobile River, modern coal and ore handling plant, having a storage capacity of 40,000 tons of coal and ore and a dock frontage of 500 feet, has been constructed by the Inland and Coastwise Waterways Service and is in operation. Adjacent to and south of it a fuel-oil station, having a capacity of 110,000 barrels and a dock frontage of 500 feet, was constructed by the United States Shipping Board. While the facilities of this port are considered adequate for the existing commerce, they would not be sufficient for any considerable increase thereof. The State Docks Commission contemplates the construction of modern port facilities along the west bank of Mobile River between One and Three Mile Creeks, involving an ultimate expenditure of $10,000,000. Plans at the present time are in the formative stage. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 3,Corps of Engineers.) 780 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Effect of im/pro uement.-The effect of the improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and to give Mobile a reduction in rail freight rates between this port and Atlantic sea- ports and from interior points on account of competition between railroads entering Mobile with railroads carrying freight for ship- ment through to other ports, and, by admitting a larger class of steamers, to reduce insurance and water freight rates upon ship- ments between Mobile and other ports. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All work was carried on by day labor and United States plant, and consisted of both new work and maintenance. New work, costing $39,029.11, resulted in the removal of 414,339 cubic yards of material from the bay and river channels. In the Mobile Bay Channel an average depth of 32 feet at mean low water was obtained over a width of 80 feet along the west side of channel, extending from 3,000 to, 3,700 feet south of beacon 42 and from 1,480 to 4,200 feet south of beacon 20. In Mobile River Channel an average depth of 31.4 feet at mean low water was obtained over an average width of 50 feet along the east side of the channel, extending from the mouth to 4,714 feet above. New work in the Outer Bar Channel, costing $25,001.02, resulted in the removal of 377,098 cubic yards of material and completion of the channel to project dimensions. Maintenance work over 15.6 miles of the channel, costing $159,993.57, resulted in the removal of 4,249,483 cubic yards of material from the bay and river channels, securing an average depth of 32 feet at mean low water over widths of 140 and 170 feet, respectively, in the same sections of these chan- nels as for new work, where both were done simultaneously, and over a width of 220 feet from 2,591 feet south of beacon 40 to 1,480 feet south of beacon 20, a distance of 9.7 miles; the removal of an addi- tional 136,550 cubic yards of material from the Mobile Bay Channel between beacons 2 and 4 by the United States seagoing dredge Charleston when weather conditions were unfavorable for work in the Outer Bar Channel; and the removal of 2,148 obstructions from the river channel over a distance of 2.1 miles. Other expenditures, amounting to $89,862.40, of which $9,723.36 was charged to new work and $80,139.04 to maintenance were also made for part cost of alterations, additions and care and upkeep of the United States boat yard, Pascagoula, Miss.; inspections, examinations of channel and miscellaneous work of U. S. tug Chickasaw; payments on cost of one steel barge; construction by contract of one steel hull for derrick boat; cost to date for completion of steel hull derrick boat by day labor; part cost for construction of 62 steel pontoons; part cost for 55 sections of 20-inch shore discharge pipe; part cost for construction of two sections of 20-inch pontoon catamarans, com- plete with discharge pipe; and cost for plans and estimates for con- verting the U. S. dredge Robert McGregor to the cutter spud type. Total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $73,753.49 for new work and $240,132.61 for maintenance, a total of $313,886.10. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 32.5 per cent completed. Under the previous project the Mobile Bar Channel RIVERS AND HARBORS-IOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 781 was dredged to a depth of 30 feet and a width of 300 feet, and the bay and river channels to a depth of 27 feet and widths of 200 and 300 feet, respectively. The length of the Outer Bar Channel is about 1.1 miles and the bay and river channels 33.5 miles, extending from deep water in lower Mobile Bay to the mouth of Mobile River, and thence up the river about 5 miles to Chickasaw Creek. In the Outer Bar Channel the project dimensions have been obtained. In Mobile Bay Channel the project depth of 30 feet has been obtained over the project width of 300 feet from the mouth of Mobile River to 9,100 feet south, and from 1,480 to 4,200 feet south of beacon 20, and over a width of 220 feet for the remaining portion of this channel, a dis- tance of 26.1 miles. In Mobile River Channel the project depth of 30 feet has been obtained over the project width of 300 feet from the mouth of Coffee Bayou 1,800 feet downstream, thence over a width of 250 feet for a distance of 12,880 feet, and thence over the project width of 300 feet to the mouth of the river, a distance of 4,714 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water, ascertained June 24, 1924, were as follows: Outer Bar Channel, 33 feet; Mobile Bay Channel, 28.5 feet; and Mobile River Channel, 28 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of widening 26.1 miles of the bay channel 80 feet and 2.4 miles of the river channel 50 feet. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging and remov- ing obstructions. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $528,084.25 for new work and $1,365,458.35 for main- tenance, a total of $1,893,542.60. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended July 1, 1924, amounting to $368,586.93, for maintenance and improvement as follows: Improve- Mainte- ment nance Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 5 months in Mobile Bay Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and surveys-..-.- $20, 000. 00 $80, 000. 00 Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 5 months in Mobile River Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and surveys, 25, 000. 00 75, 000. 00 Operation of one hopper dredge about 1 months in Mobile Outer Bar Channel, including care anu upkeep of plant, office expenses, and surveys-----------.-------------- 25, 000. 00 Operation of one snag boat in Mobile River Channel about 8% months in remov- ing obstructions, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc ..---------..-----... 17, 000. 00 Complete construction of one steel-hull derrick boat, hull for which was bom- pleted by contract during June, 1924- -----------------------------------.------------ __ 7, 126. 26 Construction of one 20-inch pipe line .------------------ ----------------------------- 36, 000. 00 Complete payment for one steel barge now under construction by contract-------...--------- 3, 546. 82 Contingencies-.... ... ... ...------------ --------------------- ------ 12, 000. 00 39, 624. 77 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1924 ------------- -------------------.------------ 28, 289. 08 Totals --------------- ----------------------------- -- ---------- 57,000. 00 311, 586. 93 It is estimated that the above funds' will be exhausted April 30. 1925, expenditures during active operations for the 20-inch pipe- line and hopper dredges being at the rate of $20,000 per month and $2,000 per month for the snag boat. 782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The amount that can be profitably expended during the period May 1, 1925, to June 30, 1926 ($370,500), will be applied to main- tenance and improvement work, as follows: Improve- Mainte- ment nance Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge-about 7 months in Mobile Bay Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc .... _........ $140, 000 Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 5 months in Mobile River Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc_ $50, 000 50, 000 Operation of one snag boat in the Mobile River Channel about 8 months, includ- ing care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc-.............. 16, 000 Operation of one hopper dredge in Mobile Outer Bar Channel about 114 months, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc--------- .. -------- - 25, 000 Part cost for construction of one steel hull steam tug ----------------------------------- 74, 500 Construction of one small barge with steel frame and creosoted-wood planking- _........ - - 10, 000 Contingencies-- --------------------------------------------------------------- 5, 000 Total-.....-------...-------------------------------------------------50, 000 320, 500 The above amount for maintenance is larger than the average amount expended during the preceding five years due to the cost for new floating plant included therein and the greater maintenance re- quired in the Mobile Outer Bar Channel on account of completion to full project dimensions during the fiscal year of 1925, and the necessity of maintaining as near as possible at all times the full project depths in the Mobile Harbor Channels in order to meet the requirements of navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Mobile Harbor during the past five years, including bunker coal and oil, and river shipments, is given below: Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Passengers Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 .... ......------------------------------ 1, 970, 638 $99, 776, 399 17, 862 $71, 448 127, 523 1920 .....-- ...---------------------------- 1, 655, 215 93, 573, 242 47, 893 913, 990 124, 804 1921 .. ...------------------------------ 1, 411, 164 61, 503, 441 61, 158 471, 912 153, 618 1922 ------------------------------ 1, 582, 311 84, 977, 824 97, 906 2, 930, 288 153, 566 1923 .----------------------------- . _ 2, 575, 885 91, 343, 114 24, 662 1, 557, 199 148, 643 The principal articles of commerce during 1923, and the propor- tion in tonnage of each to the total tonnage, are as follows: Lumber, timber, and logs, 28.47 per cent; coal, 9.91 per cent; crude petroleum, 7.16 per cent; sand and gravel, 6.07 per cent; railway track material, 5.57 per cent; crude manufactured iron and steel, 5.33 per cent; cooperage and box shooks, 3.54 per cent; blackstrap molasses, 3.16 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying those principal articles of commerce were from 6 to 28 feet. Practically the entire commerce of Mobile Harbor was carried over the im- proved sections, although there was before the improvement a suffi- cient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement. The following lines of transportation were established during the year 1923: Porto Rican line (Page and Jones), Aluminum line (T, M. Ross). RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 783 There were no lines of transportation abandoned during the year 1923. The increase in tonnage during 1923 over that reported for 1922 is attributed to increased commercial activity at this port. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $85,260.24: New work ------ ------------------------------- $6, 926, 870. 06 Maintenance -- -------------------------------------- 2, 776, 484. 96 Net total expended----------------------- 9, 703, 355. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------10, 071, 941.95 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1- $227, 314. 27 $50, 678. 08 $32, 653. 38 $45, 953. 23 $73, 753. 49 Expended for maintenance 214, 702. 21 190, 952. 00 227, 335. 17 233, 816. 42 240,132. 61 Total expended 1_ - -442, 016. 48 241, 630. 08 259, 988. 55 279, 769. 65 313, 886. 10 Appropriated or allotted--------- 260, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 376, 847. 06 181, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $481, 495. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ------------- 181, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924---------------- 19, 977. 95 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 682, 473. 03 For new work--------------------------------73, 753. 49 For maintenance 240, 132. 61 313, 886. 10 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------368, 586. 93 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities--------------------------28, 289. 08 July 1, 1924, balance available ---------------------------------- 340,297. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -2 1, 219, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work. __ 250, 000. 00 For maintenance - ---------- __ 2 320, 500. 00 Total------------------------------------------------ 2370, 500. 00 2. CHANNEL BETWEEN MOBILE BAY AND MISSISSIPPI SOUND, ALA. Location and description.-This channel is south of the south- western part of the State of Alabama and affords passage through the shoal water between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. It is about 30 miles south of Mobile, Ala., and about 31 miles east of Pas- cagoula, Miss. A channel 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide at bottom has been dredged through the shoal waters at this locality from the 10-foot contour in Mobile Bay to the 81/2 -foot contour in Mississippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. It is protected to some extent by the shoal water through which it extends and by Dauphin Island on the south and the mainland of Alabama on the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1266.) 1 Not deducting receipts from sale, etc. 2 Exclusive of available! funds. 784 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Original condition.-This shoal afforded a minimum usable depth of 3 feet at mean low water over a width of 500 feet. Vessels having a greater draft than this used Grants Pass, a private channel distant about one-fourth mile north, where there was a depth of about 51/2 feet over a width of 100 feet. Previous projects. The act of Congress approved May 23, 1828, appropriated $18,000 for the purpose of forming a channel at this locality. Some work was done with these funds, but there is no record of the amount expended or the results accomplished. Work on the existing project was begun on December 18, 1913. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide at bottom and 10 feet deep at mean low water from curve of 10-foot depth in Mobile Bay to the 81/2 -foot contour in Mississippi Sound, a distance of about 4 miles. As the mud is soft in Mississippi Sound, a vessel with a draft of 10 feet can go through it. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 1.2 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 3.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $50,000, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects, and $10,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 967, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-No terminal facilities are necessary, as this is simply a connecting waterway between Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound for through traffic. Effect of improvement.-The project results in effecting a saving in freight rates between Mobile, Ala., and New Orleans, La., and in-- termediate points on the Mississippi coast, and saves to vessel owners and shippers the tolls formerly charged by the owners of Grants Pass. It also enables deeper-draft vessels to pass to and from Mo- bile Bay and Mississippi Sound. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. Expenditures, amounting to $495.53, all charged to maintenance, were made for examinations of channel, office expenses, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the calendar year 1914. All work on this improvement consists of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to maintenance. The controlling depth at mean low water, ascertained June 20, 1924, was 9.6 feet. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1924, were as follows: For new work, $45,604.59; for maintenance, $31,961.56; a total of $77,566.15. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the balance unex- pended July 1, 1924, amounting to $9,733.85, for maintenance, by the operation of one 20-inch hydraulic pipe-line dredge about 15 days, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, surveys, etc. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925, expenditures during active operations for the 20-inch pipe- line hydraulic dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as no dredging will be necessary to meet the needs of navigation and commerce until after that date. RIVERS AND.HARBORS---MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 785 Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for the channel be- tween Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound during the past five years is given below: Comiparative statementt Freight in transit Freight in transit Year ---- Year i Short tons Value Short tons Value 919 ...--------------------- 85, 113 $562, 571 1922 _ 97, 128 $3,890,751 1920----------------------- 122, 896 1, 414, 835 192347, 32 2, 458, 739 1921 .... ....----------------------- 64,536 1,230, 065 Only freight in transit passes over this waterway. No statistics available showing number of passengers traveling over this waterway. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally ,of coal, lumber, salt, oysters, and sugar. The proportion in tonnage of each of these articles to the total tonnage was as follows: Coal, 30.49 per cent; lumber, 15.80 per cent; salt, 11.98 per cent; oysters, 8.26 per cent; sugar, 7.97 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these prin- cipal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce between Mobile Bay and Mississipi Sound was carried over the improved channel, although there existed before the improvement a channel a short distance to the north with sufficient depth to have handled a large, portion of it, but there was a toll charge for all vessels using this channel. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. The Mississippi-Warrior Service has in operation a fleet of towboats and barges over this waterway from New Orleans, La., to Mobile, Ala., and Alabama coal fields. The decrease in commerce for 1923 below that reported for 1922 is attributed to the decrease in tonnage of coal handled by the Mississippi-Warrior Service over this waterway. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work---------------------------------------- -- $45, 604. 59 Maintenance---- ----------------------------------- 31, 961. 56 Net total expended---------------------------------- 77, 566. 15 "Total appropriation to date of this report 87, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_.______ Expended for maintenance-....._ $11, 941. 41 $66. 91-- $13, 070. 62 $495. 53 Appropriated or allotted __ -- -- -I--$20, 000. 00 3, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-__-- ----------------------- $10, 229.38 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 495. 53 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended _--- 9, 733. 85 786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 3. BLACK WARRIOR, WARRIOR, AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. Location and description.-The above names apply to what is vir- tually a single stream having its source in northern Alabama, flow- ing in a general southwesterly direction, and uniting with the Ala- bama River to form the Mobile River, 45 miles above Mobile Bay. The total length of the stream from the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks to the mouth is 3621/2 miles. The improvement extends from Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, and Nichols Shoals, on the Locust Fork, respectively, 36 and 16 miles above their junction, to the mouth. The total length of slack water is 3321/2 miles from Lock 1, at McGrews Shoals on the Tombigbee River, to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork, with an additional 15 miles on the upper Tombigbee (above Demopolis) and 16 miles on the Locust Fork, above its junction with Mulberry Fork. From Lock 1 to the mouth of the Tombigbee, a distance of 66 miles, the stream is tidal and an open river channel is maintained. The current on the nontidal portion is very sluggish at low water, but fairly rapid at high water, which usually occurs from December to June, inclusive. The total drainage area is 19,761 square miles. The discharge at mouth is 1,800 second-feet at mean low water. The fall per mile varies from about 2 inches on lower part to nearly 2 feet on upper portion. The width between banks varies from 140 to over 1,000 feet, with an average of about 400 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Alabama.) Original condition.-The Black Warrior, the name applied to the river from the junction of the Mulberry and Locust Forks to Tusca- loosa, Ala., 47 miles, afforded no low-water navigation, and at high water navigation only for rafting. The Warrior River, that portion of the waterway between Tuscaloosa and Demopolis, 131 miles, pro- vided a minimum low-water depth of 1 foot and width of 60 feet, navigation by steamboats as well as rafting and logging being pos- sible for about five months of the year. Between Demopolis and the mouth, 185 miles, the Tombigbee River had a minimum low-water depth of 2 feet and width of 100 feet, and could be navigated by steamboats to Demopolis, at the mouth of the Warrior River, about eight months each year. At all ordinary stages navigation was ren- dered difficult by rock shoals, sand bars, snags, and overhanging trees. Previous projects.-Originally this improvement was conducted- under three separate appropriations. Prior to that under which operations are now in progress there has been no comprehensive project. The section under improvement was formerly treated as: three distinct works, now combined and regarded as a single work. The original project for the improvement of the Warrior River, which has since been combined with the Black Warrior and Tombig- bee Rivers to form the present project, was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1875. The total amount expended on previous projects prior, to adoption in 1884 of the existing project, was $407,388.30 for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1841 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-Except so far as the length of the improvement has been extended, the present project, which is also virtually the original one, has for its object the obtainment of an all-year channel RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 787 of 6-foot draft at low water from Mobile to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, and to Nichols Shoals on the Locust Fork of the same river, by the construction of 17 dams and 18 locks, the extra lock being at Dam 17, where the lift of 63 feet is equally divided between two locks in tandem; and such dredging and clearing of channels by snagging as might be necessary after the completion of the dams. As modified, the project provides for the raising of pool levels 2 feet by placing permanent flashboards on the various dams, and the raising of the lock walls at Lock No. 1 2 feet. The length of the section included in the project as finally extended, measured from Mobile to the upper limits of the channel of 6-foot draft, is 4431/2 miles to Sanders Ferry, on the Mulberry Fork, and 4231/2 miles to Nichols Shoals, on the Locust Fork. The following statement shows condition of locks and dams, all of which have been open for through traffic since May, 1915. Location and other data for locks in this system ~JI~IL~ ~1_~1_ Dis- Width of chambber Depth, Lock No. tance Nearest town Dis- and greate st Lifft over sills from tance length availal ble at low Mobile for the full wid th water Miles Miles Feet Fe et Feet 1 ------------. 111 St. Stephens, Ala_ 3 281.9 by 52 10. 00 18.0 2 -----.------ - 182 Pennington, Ala__ 6 286 by 52-..... 10. 00 8. 5 3 - 205 Oakchia, Ala __- 5 .. do .. .. . 10. 00 8. 5 4--_-_-__-_ _--_--231 Demopolis, Ala__ 1 285.6 by 52 .... 10.00 8. 5 5 --------- 246 Cedarville, Ala___ 5 ...do .. . . 10. 00 8. 5 6 ------------- 267 Sawyerville, Ala_ 5 ..-- do - .. - 10. 00 8. 5 7 ------------ 282 Wedgworth, Ala_ 5 284.7 by 52___ 10. 00 8. 5 8 298 Akron, Ala- ---- 3 284.7 by 51.65__. 10. 00 8. 5 9 --------.----- _ 315 Powers, Ala-... 4 284.7 by 52 _-__ 10. 00 8. 5 10,-------- 362 Tuscaloosa, Ala_ 286.6 by 52 -. 9. 86 8. 5 11 . . . . . . 362 . .do. . . . . ::-----------: 286 by 52- 8. 50 8. 5 12.. . . . . 363 . .do . . . . . 1 286.2 by 52 10. 50 8.5 13_--.--.----. 370 Tidewater, Ala--_ 285.5 by 52_ 12. 14 8.5 14 ------------ 373 Searles, Ala- --.. 8 282.1 by 52- 14. 00 8. 5 15------------- 380 Kellerman, Ala_ 6 .... - - do ... 14. 00 8. 5 16 387 ..... do __--- -- 14 285.5 by 52_ 21. 00 8. 5 17 2 ......... . 388 ..... do ........... - 14 do___. . 63. 00 8. 5 Type of construction. Date of com- Actual cost Character of foun- Kind of of lock and Lock No. ple- dation dam dam Lock Dam tion 1 Soft rock ......... Fixed Concrete. Concrete_ 1909 $560, 290. 02 Hard clay -------.. ___do-- __do Timber crib, stone 1915 560, 114. 09 filled 3 . _ ------------ ....d o .......... ___do_- __do - .do ... -... .... 1915 609, 622. 80 4 . .2------------- ..... do .......... ___do-- ....do __ -----do ........... 1908 479, 000. 00 3------------- .....do ........... ___do_ _do ___ -....do .......... 1908 501, 000. 00 6. 4------------_ Piles ............. do_ ..... do __ ..... do ........... 1908 443, 000. 00 -- do_- _do_ ... do _ ..... do ........... 1903 225, 600. 00 .. do . . . . . __do - .... do __ - - - -- d o ........... 1903 212, 400. 00 9 . . . ..do . . . . . __do-- __do __ .. .do ........... 1902 202, 440. 00 10------------ Hard sandstone__ ___do_ Stone --- .....do ........... 1895 244, 500. 00 11 11------------ __do .---- -- __do-- ... do _ ..... d o ........... 1895 170, 000. 00 12 . 12------------ . . - - - -- do ........... __do ....do _ .. d o . . . . . . 1895 160, 500. 00 13 13----------- _d o ........... __do_ _-do__ Stone .. . . . . 1905 203, 700. 00 14 __do .. .. .. ___do- Concrete_ Concrete ........ 1910 414, 714. 89 14------------ 15 . 15------------ ----- d o .. .. .. ___do_ ..... do __ _d o ........... 1910 430, 233. 87 16 .. 16------------ _do ........... ___do_ ....do -- -- - -_do . . . . .. . . . . . 1915 520, 853. 68 17 2 17 2 - - - - - - - - -- do ........... ___do_ ___do __ ..... do_- 3 1915 4 3, 174, 070. 00 1River is tidal below this lock and daily gage readings show that on an average of only two days per year is the depth over the sill less than 8 feet, the minimum being 6.9 feet. 2 Double lock. 3 Opened to navigation in 1915. Now 99 per cent completed; the remaining 1 per cent covers cost for submerged land. 4 Estimated cost. Payments for submerged lands not completed. Cost to Jan. 1, 1924, $3,121,208.78. 788 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The tidal influence extends from Mobile 111 miles to, Lock No. 1, where the tidal effect is apparent only at low stages of river. At Mobile the mean and extreme tidal ranges are 1.4 feet and 3.6 feet, respectively, though this is at time slightly increased by the effect of winds at low-water stages. The extreme fluctuations of river stages are, greater at Demopolis, Ala., than at any point on the stream, an extreme variation of 72.6 feet between extreme low water and high water having occurred at that place. The ordinary fluc- tuations of this stream, due to floods, vary on different portions, being about 45 feet on the central part and not over 10 feet at the lower and upper ends. The works of improvement have reduced the amount of fluctuations at different points from 3 to 10 feet. There was no original approved estimate for the existing project. Estimates for the different parts of this project were made from time to time, and were modified as different items were added to project. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1918, is $9,897,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The original appropriation for the existing project was made July 5, 1884. The report of a board of engineer officers recommending a project for slack-water navigation was approved by the Secretary of War April 19, 1887. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1889, provided for the construction of the first locks between Tuscaloosa and Demopolis; the act of June 13, 1902, merged the individual projects for the Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee (below Demopolis) ; and act of August 22, 1911, authorized the extension to its final limits (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1302; 1891, p. 1461; 1901, p. 1858; and H. Doc. No. 259, 54th Cong., 1st sess.; No. 178, 56th Cong., 2d sess.; No. 72, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the raising of various dams 2 feet and raising the lock walls 2 feet at Lock No. 1; also for widening the channel to 150 feet where practicable (Annual Report for 1918, p. 876). The latest published map for the Tombigbee River is published in Annual Report for 1911, page 1708, for the Warrior River, page 1702, and for the Black Warrior River, in Annual Report for 1913, page 2144. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.None. Terminal facilities.-The following facilities, comprising loading and transfer stations, wharves, etc., have been provided along this waterway : RIVERS AND HARBORS--MiOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 789 Above Mobile Character of facilities Purpose for which used Location Miles Derrick_ Transfer of logs from river and Tombigbee River, at Demopolis, 229. 2 barges to sawmill. Ala. Do- - --do - --- - - - - - - - - --- --- do . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . ...... 229. 3 Do . -------------- d o . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .-.- --- -. -- - -- -- - d o -- - - ---------------------- 229. 4 Do --- - . d o .......................... - .. ..do 229. 5 Derrick, warehouse, Transfer of miscellaneous freight .. . .do . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 229. 5 and loading platform; from boats to warehouse or cars, connected with and vice versa. Southern Ry. by spur track and with city by streets. Warehouse con- Transfer of miscellaneous freight d o -- -- ------------------- - - - -. 229. 6 nected with city by from boats to warehouse, and streets. vice versa. Locomotive crane ....- - Transfer of logs from barges to Warrior River, near Demopolis, 236 sawmill. Ala. Derrick connected with Transfer of coal from barges to car -do -... .-- - ... 236. 1 Southern Ry. by spur and yard. track. Derrick; track connec- Transfer of logs from barges to cars. Warrior River, near Akron, Ala__ 299. 5 tion with Southern Ry. Do .............. .....d o ._ -........... .......... - Warrior River, near Hull, Ala _. 333 D err i c k, warehouse, Transfer of miscellaneous freight Black Warrior River, near Tusca- 364. 2 and loading platform; from boats to warehouse or cars loosa, Ala. connected by spur and vice versa. track with city street rail way system, which has connec- tions with all rail- roads entering city. Is also ;connected with city by im- proved highway. Derrick- - _ .- Transfer of logs from barges and ....d o - - - - - - - .------------- .....-- 368 rafts to sawmill. Tipple _ _ _- Loading coal onto barges .- _..... Mulberry Fork of Black Warrior 417. 2 River, near Gorgas, Ala. Coal bin with loading do -- - .-- -.... _- - d o -- ----. . --- -.-.. .... -.. 418. 2' chute. Coal bin and conveyor. do _do -.- - do- .. ...................... ----- 418, 5 Derrick and wharf ..... Transfer of miscellaneous freight ---- do ......-.- -. ............. 421 from boats to wharf, and vice versa. Tipple _ Loading coal onto barges _ - -__ --------- -- ----- do ..----- 421.1 Coal bin and loading ...do _ - - - __ _do_ -_--__- 422. 7 chute. Derrick, loading plat- Loading coal onto barges and Mulberry Fork of Black Warrior 438. 6 form, and coal storage transfer of miscellaneous freight River, near Cordova, Ala. bin equipped with from cars to boats, and vice belt conveyor system versa. for handling coal from cars to boats. Spur track connection with St. Louis & San Fran- cisco R. R. Coal bin with loading Loading coal onto barges ......... .. do ____________________________ 440. 9 chute. Two derricks; spur Transfer of miscellaneous freight Locust Fork of Black Warrior 419 track connection with from boat to cars, and vice versa. River, near Short Creek, Ala. Ensley-S o u t h e r n R. R. Coal bin and conveyor_ Loading coal onto barges_ .do_..-_ 422 Of the above facilities all are privately owned except the one near Tuscaloosa, shown as 364.2 miles above Mobile, which is muni- cipally owned. This terminal, which consists of a 15-ton steel der- rick, 50 by 100 foot warehouse and loading platform, is connected with the local belt railway and open to public use on equal terms. The terminal on Mulberry Fork, shown as 438.6 miles above Mobile, is owned by the Mississippi-Warrior Service, and the terminal on the Locust Fork, shown as 419 miles above Mobile, is leased by the Mississippi-Warrior Service from the Port of Birmingham Co. Both have rail connections, but the latter, in addition, is connected 790 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 with the city of Birmingham, about 20 miles distant, by an improved highway. These two terminals amply serve the Birmingham dis- trict. Present facilities are adequate for existing commerce and a considerable future increase. Jackson, Ala., is the only city of im- portance which is not yet provided with an adequate terminal. (For description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the use of larger boats and tows, reduced difficulties to navigation, pro- vided all-year traffic, and made more profitable the transportation and marketing of large quantities of forest products contiguous to the river. No appreciable effect is observable on freight rates by rail or water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Negotiationswith own- ers of land submerged by backwater from Dam No. 17 were con- tinued throughout the year and final payments were made for nine claims, involving 184.56 acres, and a total consideration of $6,691.60. One lock house at Lock No. 11 was completed. Snagging operations above Dam No. 17 resulted in the removal of 10,919 obstructions from the channel. The work of deepening and widening channels involved the removal of 4,025 cubic yards of rock. The amount ex- pended was $23,445 for snagging and dredging, $51,799.57 for con- tract payments and incidental expenses in connection with the con- struction of the steel hull Diesel electric towboat J. B. Battle, and $9,892.66 in connection with the lock and dam project, a total of $85,137.23, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Seventeen locks and dams have been built (see table under " Existing projects," p. 787), channel and one turning basin have been dredged, original snagging com- pleted over the section below Lock No. 17, 343 miles, and principal lock houses built at all locks. The project is about 99 per cent com- pleted. The project depth of 6 feet over a minimum width of 100 feet obtains throughout the entire length of the improvement, and all-year navigation for boats is possible to the extent of these channel dimensions. The channel is very tortuous in places and dredging is necessary each year to remove the bars which form during the high-water season. The work remaining to be done consists of com- pleting the widening of channel by removal of rock shoals, complete contract payments in connection with the construction of the Diesel electric towboat J. B. Battle, and complete snagging and payments for submerged land above Dam No. 17. Expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $9,835,200.43 for improvement and $13,691.24 for maintenance, a total of $9,848,891.67. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1924, amounting to $40,015.57, as follows: Complete contract payments for construction of towboat J. B. Battle_ $5, 000. 00 Complete payment for equipment for above towboat-- 1, 720. 00 Payments for submerged land above Dam No. 17__ -- 11, 500. 00 Original snagging above Dam No. 17_____________________________ 2, 000. 00 Widening and improving channel by removal of rock_______________ 12, 000. 00 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies_____________________ 1, 185. 57 Payment of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1924, not including $5,000 balance on contract price of towboat J. B. Battle and $1,720 bal- ance on equipment for this towboat __________ _ 6, 610. 00 Total _------_.__- ----- -__ 40, 015. 57 RIVERS AND HARBORS---OBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 791 It is estimated that all of the above funds will be expended by June 30, 1925. Work will be prosecuted as stage of river permits. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926-$21,000-will be applied to new work, as follows : Payments for submerged lands above Dam No. 17----------------- $10, 000. 00 Original snagging above Dam No. 17----------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Widening and improving channel by removal of rock--------_. _ 6, 500. 00 Office expenses, surveys, and contingencies 1----------------------- , 500. 00 Total _ --------- 21, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers 1919 - - 601,068 $8, 007, 281 3, 757 1922-- -_--- -_ 973, 419 $17, 013, 074 3, 445 1920 - 599, 522 10, 537, 266 2, 680 1923_----- -_ 954, 181 17, 978, 386 2, 050 1921 784,967 13, 903, 858 2, 601 The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of logs, coal, sand and gravel, lumber, crude manufactured iron and steel, and iron ore. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items, to the total tonnage moved is as follows: Logs, 29.65 per cent; coal, 22.83 per cent; sand and gravel, 16.98 per cent; lumber, 7.62 per cent; crude manufactured iron and steel, 5.42 per cent; iron ore, 5.12 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal classes of commerce were from 3 to 71/2 feet. Practically the entire commerce was carried over the improved sections, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year 1923. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38,076.76: New work----------------------- $10, 242, 588. 73 Maintenance-------------------------- 13, 691. 24 Net total expended----------------------------------- 10, 256, 279. 97 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 10, 296 ,295. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 - $78, 529. 43 $59, 572. 07 $103, 572. 94 $147, 759. 69 $85, 137. 23 Expended for maintenance-------------- ---------- ----------------------------------- Appropiated or allotted.....---------. 120, 000. 00 -------------- 52, 000. 00 28, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 792 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ $100, 089. 92 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924--- --------------- 62. 88 125, 152. 80 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1___ 85, 137. 23 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-------------------------_ 40, 015. 57 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------- $8, 330. 00 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------- _ 5, 000. 00 13, 330. 00 -- July 1, 1924, balance available ---------------------------------- 26, 685. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_---------------------------_ 2 35, 100. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for new work------------------------------------- 221, 000. 00 TOMBIGBEE RIVER, ALA. AND MISS. (GROUP A) 4. TOMBIGBEE RIVER, ALA., FROM MOUTH TO DEMOPOLIS (MAINTE- NANCE OF CHANNEL). (Al) Location and description.-The source of this river is in northeast- ern Mississippi, and its mouth, at the point where by confluence with the Alabama it forms the Mobile River, is 45 miles from Mobile Bay. Its length is about 503 miles, its flow southerly, and the length of this section, from mouth to Demopolis, is 185 miles. The section is tidal for a distance of 66 miles from its mouth to Lock No. 1, above which point it is canalized, has a drainage area of 4,734 square miles, a dis- charge at mouth of 1,800 second-feet at low water and 100,000 second- feet 66 miles above mouth at a stage when inundation of banks com- mences, and has an average width of 445 feet at low water. Low water usually occurs from July to November, inclusive, and high water the balance of the year, at which time there is great fluctuation and a rapid current over the entire section. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Alabama.) Original condition.-The Tombigbee River had a mean low-water channel depth of 2 feet, a width of 100 feet, and could be navigated by steamboats to the mouth of the Warrior River, at Demopolis, 185 miles, about eight months each year. The section from the mouth of the river to Lock No. 1 had a controlling depth of 6 feet and a width of 150 feet, except at Harwells Bar, 88.5 miles above Mobile, where the width of the 6-foot channel was 108 feet. Navigation was con- trolled by the depth over the shoals between Lock 1 and Demopolis. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement of this section was adopted in 1871, and was modified by project adopted in 1879. Prior to the modification of the existing project in 1902 the amount expended was $249,542.48, of which $199,542.48 was for new work and $50,000 for maintenance. For the details of previous project, see page 1842, Annual Report for 1915. I- Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive~ of available, funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 793 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at low water between the mouth and Demopolis, 185 miles, by the construc- tion of locks and dams, bank revetments, and by the removal of logs, snags and other obstructions. " The lock and dam construction has been completed and merged with the project for the canalization of the Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers. The tidal influ- ence extends from the mouth to Lock No. 1, where the tidal effect is not apparent except at a low stage of river. At the mouth the mean and extreme tidal ranges are 1 and 2.6 feet, respectively, though this is slightly increased at times by the effect of winds at low-water stages. The extreme fluctuations of river stages are greater at Demopolis than at any other point on the stream, a fluctuation of 72.6 feet between extreme low water and high water having occurred at that place. The ordinary fluctuations, due to floods, vary on dif- ferent parts of the stream, being about 51.1 feet at Demopolis and 10 feet at the mouth, where the extreme fluctuation is only about 15 feet. There is no approved estimate for annual maintenance, funds being appropriated as the necessity arises for the removal of logs, snags, and other obstructions, and being applied to the necessary work of maintenance by open-channel work below Lock 1, a distance ,of 66 miles. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. (Annual Report for 1890, p. 1719, and H. Doc. No. 156, 51st Cong., 1st sess.) For latest published map, see Annual Report for 1911, page 1708. Recommended mnodiftcation. of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Demopolis, Ala., the head of this improve- ment, there is a large brick warehouse which is used for the con- venience of owner and therefore not open to the general public on equal terms. At other important landings there are small wooden warehouses, privately owned, which are open to the public on equal terms. At several of these freight is handled over an inclined tram- way by means of a small car and windlass. The Mississippi-Warrior Service operates a terminal at Demopolis, consisting of a 15-ton steel derrick, steel warehouse 100 by 50 feet, and loading platform. It is connected with the Southern Railway by means of a spur track and with the city by streets. Facilities are adequate for existing com- inerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. ,652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The improvement has made possible the use of larger boats and tows, reduced difficulties of navigation, pro- vided all-year traffic, and made more profitable the transportation and marketing of large quantities of forest products contiguous to the river. No appreciable effect is observable on freight rates by rail or water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Flood deposits and ob- structions were removed from the channel between the mouth and Lock No. 1 (66 miles), 89,350 cubic yards of material being dredged and 27 obstructions disposed of. The work was done by hired labor with the snagboat R. C. McCalla and dredges Robert McGregor and Chas. Hiumphreys. The amount expended for this work, 794 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 including contract payments on one steel barge and repairs to plant and contingent expenses, was $21,744.96, all of which was for mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is for main- tenance of channel, and expenditures were limited to work between the mouth and Lock No. 1, a distance of 66 miles. The three locks. and dams on this section of the Tombigbee River, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, were constructed under the project for the Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala. See table under " Existing project " for that improvement. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 6 feet at low water. The channel is tortuous in places and dredging is necessary each year to remove the bars which form during the high-water season. The total expenditures under the existing project were $285,579.96, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance umex- pended July 1, 1924, amounting to $19,896.35, for maintenance work as follows: Operation of one snag boat about 21/2 months, including proportional cost for care and upkeep of plant throughout the fiscal year --- $6, 000. 00 Operation of one 24-inch p!pe-line hydraulic dredge about 11 days, including proportional cost for care and upkeep of plant through- out the fiscal year , 000.00 6-------------- Complete payments for one steel barge now under construction by contract ------------------------------ -- 3, 546. 81 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies-...... 321. 91 Payment of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1924-------------------- 4, 027. 63 Total ____- 19, 896. 35 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. Work will be prosecuted as stage of river permits, expendi- tures during active operations of the snag boat and dredge being at the rate of about $2,000 and $17,000 per month, respectively. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($15,000), will be applied to maintenance work as follows: Operation of one snag boat about 21/2 months, including proportional cost for care and upkeep of plant throughout the fiscal year_------ $6,000 Operation of one 24-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge, about 11 days, in- cluding proportional cost for care and upkeep of plant throughout, the fiscal year 6------------------------ ,500 Surveys, office expenses, and contingencies__ 2, 500 Total ------------- -- -- 15, 000 Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river during the last five years is given below: Comparative statement 1 Calendar. year . .... Short tons . Value ... -------. Passengers . Calendar year Short tons .. -- , Passengers Value........ 1919 ---------- 467, 850 $6, 195, 873 1, 400 1922 __. 656, 638 $17, 832, 956 870 1920 438, 970 8, 232, 423 1, 356 1923 __ 677, 418 16, 405, 538 1, 039, 1921 619, 391 12, 880, 795 940 1Tonnage and value include cargoes in transit as follows: 1919, impracticable to separate; 1920, 213,746 tons, value $4,444,785; 1921, 229,677 tons, value $8,748,061; 1922, 248.903 tons, value $10,994,780; 1923, 263,189 tons, value $9,474,380. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 795 The full project depth of 6 feet is required for all classes of traffic except floated logs. The bulk of the commerce on this river is handled on barges with a draft of 6 feet. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of logs, coal, sand and gravel, lumber, crude manufactured iron and steel, and iron ore. The proportion in tonnage of each of these items to the total tonnage is as follows: Logs, 26.34 per cent; coal, 21.48 per cent; sand and gravel, 17.22 per cent; lumber, 8.55 per cent; crude manufactured iron and steel, 7.30 per cent; iron ore, 7.07 per cent. Practically the entire amount of the commerce was carried over the improved sections, although there was before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement. No lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the year 1923. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,699.19: New work _- - -- $199, 542.48 _----------- Maintenance ---------------- 335, 579. 96 Net total expended -- ---- 535, 122. 44 Total appropriations to date of this report--__ 555, 018. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ - Expended for maintenance 1 . $12, 263. 05 $27, 698. 99 $13, 994. 49 $21, 744. 96 A p pr o pr iate d o r all o t t e d -. . . . . . . . 15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $26, 637. 81 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 ----------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during, fiscal year 1924------------------- 3. 50 41, 641. 31 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - tenance 21, 744. 96 -July 1, 1924, balance unexpended --------------------- 19, 896. 35 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities --------------------- $480. 82 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts___ 3, 546. 81 4, 027. 63 July 1, 1924, balance available ---------- ---------- 15, 868. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ----------------------- -- - 2 15, 000. 00 5. TOMBIGBEE RIVER, FROM DEMOPOLIS, ALA., TO WALKERS BRIDGE, MISS. (A2) Location and descriptioi.- The source of this river is in north- eastern Mississippi, and its mouth, at the point where by confluence with the Alabama it forms the Mobile River, 2 is 45 miles from Mobile aeet. xlsv faalbefns Ne eutn eepsfo xclusive of availale funds.. 1 Note deducting receipts from sales, etc. 796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Bay. Its length is about 503 miles, its flow southeasterly, and the length of this section from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge is 318 miles. From Demopolis, the lower limit of the improvement, to the mouth is 185 miles. The drainage area above Demopolis is 9,250 square miles; discharge at Demopolis at low water, 1,500 second-feet; discharge at Columbus gauge, 30.35 feet above mean low water, 48,500 second-feet; low-water fall per mile for characteristic sections, 0.68 foot between Demopolis and Columbus; and average width be- tween banks between Demopolis and Columbus, 219 feet. Low- water stage usually occurs from July to November, inclusive. Dur- ing the balance of the year a greatly fluctuating high-water stage exists with rapid current. At low water the current is sluggish. The section is nontidalr (See U. S. Geological Survey maps of Alabama and Mississippi.) Original condition. Steamboat navigation was practicable only during high water as far as Aberdeen, 199 miles above Demopolis, the minimum channel at low water being 70 feet wide and 1 foot deep below Columbus, 149 miles above Demopolis, and 50 feet wide and 1 foot deep from Columbus to Aberdeen, 50 miles. The entire section was available for rafting purposes at high water. Previous projects.-Work on the section between Demopolis and Columbus was commenced under project adopted in 1871 and modi- fled by project adopted in 1879. For the section above Columbus there are no previous projects. Prior to the adoption of the existing project on September 19, 1890, there was expended on the section between Demopolis and Columbus the sum of $63,382.98, of which $47,342.98 was for new work and $16,040 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects, see p. 1842, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for securing a channel 6 feet deep at low water by snagging, tree cutting, bank revetment, bar improve- ment, and the construction of locks and dams from Demopolis to- Columbus, 149 miles. The distance from the lower end of project at Demopolis to the mouth is 185 miles. The present project for the section from Columbus to Walkers Bridge, 169 miles, provides for securing a high-water channel by the removal of obstructions. This part of the improvement was formerly divided into two sections, but later appropriations were made for the work as one improvement. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations in feet, respectively, due to floods, are at Demopolis, 51.1 and 72.6; Columbus, 28 and 45.9; and at Aberdeen, 33.2 and 42.1. Exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, the original estimate of the cost of new work for the section between Demopolis and Columbus was $779,400, including lock and dam construction, and $28,500 for annual maintenance. The latest estimate, made in 1916, and found in House Document No. 1137, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session, increased these amounts to $4,500,000 for lock and dam construction and $90,000 for annual maintenance, but no provi- sion has yet been made by Congress for lock and dam construction. The original estimate for the section above Columbus was: $47,000 for new work and $6,500 for annual maintenance. The latest estimate, made in 1916, and contained in the document referred to above, pro- vides only for the removal of snags above Demopolis at an annual cost of $15,000. RIVERS AND IIARBORS -MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 797 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the im- provement and maintenance of the section between Columbus and Demopolis (H. Doc. No. 156, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 1719); the acts of March 3, 1873, and August 11, 1888, provided for the improvement and maintenance of that part of the waterway between Columbus and Walkers Bridge (Annual Reports for 1873, p. 548, and 1882, p. 1312) ; and the act of February 27, 1911, consolidated the improvement from Demopolis to Walkers Bridge under one head and made one appropriation for this section. Since 1911 work has been restricted to improvement at and below Aber- deen. There are no published maps. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of May 17, 1916, the Chief of Engineers recommended that this project be modified to provide for snagging only at an estimated cost of $15,000 annually (see H. Doc. No. 1137, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Demopolis, Ala., the lower end of the improvement, there is a large brick warehouse which is used for the convenience of owner and therefore not open to the general public on equal terms. The Mississippi-Warrior Service also operates a terminal at this city, consisting of a 15-ton steel derrick, steel ware- house 100 by 50 feet, and loading platform. It is connected with the Southern Railway by means of a spur track and with the city by streets. There are no other terminal facilities along this water- way and none are required, as there are no transportation lines using this section of the Tombigbee River, and the commerce consists almost entirely of forest products handled to mills. The freight handled through the terminals previously mentioned is applicable to the Warrior River and Tombigbee River below Demopolis. (For a full description of treminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has reduced difficulties to navigation and facilitated the transportation of timber products. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as there is no competition with railroads and no established transportation lines using the waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The snag boats R. C. MicCalla and Pearl removed obstructions from channel between Demopolis and Vienna, a distance of 84 miles, 4,605 obstructions being removed. Total expenditures, including upkeep and repair of plant, office expenses, and contingencies amounted to $4,538.12, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal yea.-The proportion of the approved project accomplished from Demopolis to Columbus can not be stated. Since 1902 expenditures have been applied to maintenance under ex- isting projects for this entire section. Navigation above Aberdeen, Miss., for a distance of 119 miles is impracticable except for rafting at mean and high stages. From Aberdeen to Columbus, about 50 miles, navigation is possible at high stages, but dangerous on account of rapid fluctuation, and no boats ply this part of the section. From Columbus to Demopolis, 149 miles, navigation at mean and high 798 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 stages during about four months each year is comparatively safe for river steamers with a draft of 5 feet, but such boats rarely go above Demopolis. At low water, navigation is mostly confined to small craft, except for a few miles above Demopolis, the controlling depth being about 1 foot. The total expenditures under the existing project were $150,307.73 for improvement and $202,537.17 for maintenance, a total of $352, 844.90. Proposed operatios.-It is proposed to expend the entire balance unexpended July 1, 1924, amounting to $622.15, in the payment of the proportional cost for care, and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and contingencies throughout the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and payment of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($5,000), will be applied to maintenaice work by the operation of one snag boat, about two months, including pro- portional cost of care and upkeep of plant throughout the fiscal year. The amount requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, is larger than the average expenditure during the preceding five years for the reason that no funds were requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, with the intention of permitting a one-year accumu- lation of obstructions before doing further maintenance work. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919__----- ........ 9,097 $109,566 1922_.. ... 32, 041 $147, 715 1920 - - - - - - - 10,449 126, 313 1923 65, 460 295, 936 1921_ . _ .......... _-_- .. 27, 883 136, 071 Number of passengers not available. The principal commodities for the last calendar year consisted of logs, stave bolts, and railroad ties, all of which constituted about 99.1 per cent of the total, 10 per cent of which was floated and the remainder hauled on barges with a draft of from 3 to 5 feet. There was an increase of 104 per cent in the total traffic, as compared with the preceding calendar year, due almost entirely to increased activity in the logging industry along this waterway. Financialsumnmary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $179.32: New work-----------------------------_ ----------------- $197, 650. 71 Maintenance ________________________________________ 218, 577. 17 Net total expended--------------------- 416, 227. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report-_ 416, 850. 03 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 799 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended fornew work ----.------------------------------ Expended for maintenance 1_ , $4, 057. 06 $43. 02 $2, 847. 53 $154. 54 $4, 538. 12 Appropriated or allotted 1 l- - 2, 000. 00 2, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 153. 77 $------------------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 6. 50 5, 160.27 June 30, - 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nance 1____ 4,538. 12 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 622. 15 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------- 212. 98 July 1, 1924, balance available ____________________-_______ 409. 17 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------------_ ------------------ 5,000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,878.51: New work_---------------------------------------------- $397, 193. 19 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 554, 157. 13 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 951, 350. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- ____ 971, 868. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended fornew work --- - Expended for maintenance 1 $16, 320.11 $27, 742. 01 $14, 214. 59 $14, 149 03 $26, 283. 0 Appropriated or allotted - -- 34, 700. 00 2,000.00 15, 000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------$31, 791. 58 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924------------------------------------------------ 15, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------- 10. 00 46, 801. 58 June 30, 1924. amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 26, 283. 08 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 20, 518. 50 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities________ __ __-__-_ $693. 80 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 3, 546. 81 4, 240. 61 July 1, 1924, balance available_- 16, 277. 89 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance -- ___________-- -- -- -- _ 220, 000. 00 _-- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. " Exclusive of available funds. 10710--E G1924-----51 800 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON BLACK WARRIOR AND TOMBIGBEE RIVERS, ALA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombig- bee Rivers, Ala. See pages 786 to 792, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent in- definite appropriation since the following dates: Lock No. Date Lock No. Date 1------------------------------------ Sept. 6,1908 - 10 .---.---------------------------July 1, 1896 2 ...... _---------------------------- Nov. 1, 1914 11 _Do. 3 ---------------------------- Sept. 21, 1914 12-------------------------------- Do. 4-...-.__---------------------------- Dec. 1, 1908 13 --------------------------------- July 4,190.5 ---------------------------- 5-- ... _ Sept. 1, 1908 14-------------------------------- Mar. 29, 1910 6 ---------------------------- Oct. 1, 1908 15 2, 1910 M------------------------------- May 7 - - - - - - - - - - -__- - --_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N ov . 7, 1903 16 .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . J a n . 1, 19 15 8--------------... ...... .--------------Jan. 1, 1903 17 . . . ..------------- May 13, 1915 9. .------------------------------ Do. Operations and results dur-ing fiscal year.-The 17 locks and dams, the telephone system, including 165 miles of line, and the shops, boat yard, floating plant, and other equipment were operated and maintained throughout the year, all work being done by hired labor with the use of this plant and equipment as needed. The usual work of removing obstructions and dredging flood deposits from channel and locks was done, 1,184 snags and similar obstructions and 730,913 cubic yards of flood deposit being removed. A, 40-foot upper guard crib at Lock No. 14 and a,30-foot section of a 90-foot upper guard crib at Lock No. 10 were rebuilt above the low-water line, involving the placing of 18,521 feet board measure of treated timber and the removal and replacing of 391 tons of stone. Stone filled, timber crib guide walls 220 feet long were constructed on the land side of the lower approaches to Locks Nos. 1, 2, 10, 12, and 13, and similar walls were 93 per cent completed at Lock No. 3 and 50 per cent com- pleted at Lock No. 6. At Locks Nos. 14 and 15 the 200-foot cribs below the locks were increased in length 20 feet and in height to the elevation of the lock copings. This guide wall work involved the removal of 16,225 cubic yards of loose stone, sand, gravel, and clay in preparing the foundations, and the placing of 741,333 feet board measure of treated timber, 183,169 feet board measure of untreated timber, and 12,204 tons' of stone. At Lock No. 16, 600 cubic yards of loose rock and earth were removed in preparing the foundation for increasing the height of the present concrete wall. Materials were partly delivered for providing 220-foot stone filled, timber iower guide walls at Locks Nos. 5, 7, 8, and 9. About 60 per cent of the stone necessary for filling those cribs was quarried and stored at the quarries at Locks Nos. 12 and 15. A spare set of steel gates for Locks Nos. 2 to 9, inclusive, was completed, this set of gates being 95 per cent completed at the beginning of the fiscal year, and mate- rials were delivered for a sectional gate, consisting of two leaves, for Locks Nos. 16 and 17. One upper leaf and the two lower leaves of the old gates at Lock No. 10 were removed from the lock to be in- creased in height, strengthened, and painted. The other upper leaf RIVERS AND HARBORS---MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 801 was removed prior to this fiscal year. PThese old leaves at Lock No. 10 were replaced by the old gate leaves from Lock No. 11 which had been raised, strengthened, and painted prior to the fiscal year. The anchorage was raised to conform to the height of the gate leaves placed in Lock No. 10. The work on the old gates from Lock No. 10 was 65 per cent completed. New spare gates were installed at Lock No. 1, the old gates being removed from the lock to be strength- ened and painted. New telephone lines were constructed from Lock No. 6 to Lock No. 7, from Lock No. 7 to Eutaw, Ala., and from Lock No.- 9:to Moundville, Ala. These lines were constructed to replace old lines which were in bad condition and also to provide more satis- factory connections with the Southern Bell Telephone System. A reinforced concrete powder house was constructed at Lock No. 12. Extensive repairs were made to all valves at Locks Nos. 1 and 10 to 15, inclusive, and to the middle and lower valves at Lock No. 17, this work requiring the unwatering of the lock chambers at Locks Nos. 14 and 15 and the lower chamber at Lock No. 17. Bathroom fixtures were installed in two houses each at Locks Nos. 2 and 12, and in one house at each Lock Nos. 4 and 10, and the necessary sewer piping iaid. Steel tower and water tank was erected at Lock No. ,2. A new .roof was placed on one house at Lock No. 14 and the porch to one 'No house at Lock No. 15 and materials delivered for a new roof for one house at Lock 6. A broken heel post of the river leaf of the lower gate at Lock No. 9 was repaired and a broken socket of the river' leaf of the lower gate at Lock No. 10 was renewed, this work requiring the unwatering of the chambers of these locks.- The work of paving behind the bank wall at Lock No. 1 was about 40 per cenit completed. Five 800-gallon storage tanks for lubricating oil and a 11/2-kilowatt gasoline-driven electric generating set were in- stalled at Lock No. 1. Steel 'cofferdams were constructed for use in connection with unwatering culverts in making repairs to valves at Lock No. 1, and two 9,000-gallon capacity fuel-oil storage tanks were purchased and installed at Lock No. 10. Oil burners were in- stalled on the dredge Robert McGregor and two steel barges equipped for transporting fuel oil for this dredge, new derricks' and steam hpisting engines were installed on snag boats Vienna and Pearl, and sanitary water 'systems installed on quarter boats B, D, and Q and towboat Sylph. Extefisive repairs were made to the dredges Robert MfGregor and Chas. Humphreys, snag boat Denison, quarter boats B, D, and Q, and barges Nos. 1, 3, 13, and 20, And ordinary repairs made to snag boats Vienna and Pearl, derrick boats Tallawalmpa and Tallahatta,towboat Ulkanush, and barges R and No. 12. Gaso- line-driven hoists were purchased for hauling baraes through locks, one hoist for each lock.Nos. 1 to 17, inclusive. Materials were de- livered and construction work commenced on three creosoted wood hull quarter boats. The total amount expended was $736,057.95, in- cluding contract payments on the construction of four steel barges. Coidition at end of fiscal year.-The 17 locks and dams have been completed (see table under "Existing project," p. 787), and they are all, open to traffic for tows up to 50 feet wide, 280 feet long, and 6 feet 'draft.' Locks Nos. 1, and 10 to 17, inclusive, are in good con- dition, and Locks Nos. 2 to 9, inclusive, are in fair condition, the gates and valves at these locks being in need of repairs; guard cribs; 802 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 at several of the locks are in need of repairs, and 220-foot lower guide walls are needed at Locks Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9. All of these requirements are being given attention. A depth of not less than 6 feet is maintained throughout the canalized system by the removal of obstructions from the channel and dredging at bars, which has to be done each year after the high-water season. The total expendi- ture from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $3,944,770.27. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent and indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Same as for Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala. 7. PASCAGOULA HARBOR, MISS. Location and description.-This harbor, located along the lower 6.8 miles of Pascagoula River and the lower 4 miles of Dog River, is in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 61 miles by water from Mobile Harbor, Ala., on the east and about 44 miles from Gulfport Harbor, Miss., on the west. The average widths of Pascagoula and Dog Rivers for the distance stated are 720 and 335 feet, respectively. Its entrance from the Gulf of Mexico is through Horn Island Pass between Horn and Petit Bois Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the mouth of Pascagoula River, a total distance of 12 miles. The outer bar at Horn Island Pass is without protection on the south from disturbances in the Gulf. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected by Horn and Petit Bois Islands on the south and the mainland on the north. The river channel is protected. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 1267. Original conditio .- Across the bar at Horn Island there was a minimum usable depth of 18 feet at mean low water over a width of one-quarter mile, and across the bar at the mouth of Pascagoula River a mean low-water depth of 3 feet over a width of 1,000 feet. Previous projects.-Appropriations were made for Pascagoula River by the river and harbor acts approved on the following dates: March 2, 1827; May 23, 1828; February 24, 1832. There is no record of the work accomplished. The first project of which anything definite is known was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. Other projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and of March 3, 1899, the latter including Dog River. The river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, modified and extended the latter project. Provision for im- proving Horn Island Pass was made in the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, in conjunction with the improve- ment of the channel at the mouth of Pascagoula River. Another project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to the commencement of work on July 1, 1916, under the existing project adopted in 1913 and modified by river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, there was expended on previous projects RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 803 $1,317,065.76, of which $904,441.61 was for new work and $412,624.15 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1843 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a through channel of the maximum dimensions that can be secured by the expenditure of $283,000, but not exceeding a depth of 25 feet and width of 300 feet across the outer bar at Horn Island Pass, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 225 feet to the railroad bridge at Pascagoula, and thence a depth of 22 feet and width of 150 feet, increased at sharp bends, to a point on Dog River 4 miles above its mouth. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is 33/4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $283,000, exclusive of amount expended on pre- vious projects. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 for the outer bar channel at Horn Island Pass and $151,000 for the channels in the river and through Mississippi Sound. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts. The act of March 4, 1913, provided for limiting the channel dimensions subject to local cooperation (H. Doc. No. 682, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1915, modified the required local cooperation and provided for the present channel dimensions (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map of this locality may be found in House Document No.211, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperatioin.-Theriver and harbor act of March 4, 1915, re- quired local interests to furnish space for public wharves both at Moss Point and at Pascagoula, 800 feet in length and of such width as may be satisfactory to the Secretary of War. Both towns have provided sites, which were approved by the Secretary of War on May 8, 1916. Terminal facilities.-The municipal wharf on the east side of Pas- cagoula River has an available dockage of 1,094 feet and a ware- house area of 4,840 square feet, is connected with the railroad by a spur line, and at present is open to the public without charge. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle in the Pascagoula River at Pascagoula, Miss., just north of their bridge, and the Ala- bama & Mississippi Railroad wharf on the Dog River at Moss Point, Miss., have an available dockage of 60 and 380 feet, respectively. They are open to the public without cost. The Farnsworth Coal Co. has a wharf on the Pascagoula River, located just north of the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad Co.'s trestle and equipped with an elec- trically operated bucket conveyor coal hoist. This terminal has an available dockage of 145 feet and is open without cost to public use. It is connected with the local railroads by a spur line over which a switching charge. is made. In addition to the above terminals, there are a number of others which are owned by individuals, firms, etc., and are used entirely by them in the prosecution of their busi- ness. All private terminals are constructed of timber, and these, together with the municipal wharf, are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 804 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Effect of improvement. The improvement has rendered transpor- tation by water easier and at reduced cost and has directly facilitated water-borne commerce. However, no material increase in commerce through this port has resulted. A reduction in rail-freight rates between this harbor and Atlantic seaports has resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All work was carried on by day labor and United States plant, and consisted of main- tenance only. Dredging operations, costing $31,858.77, resulted in the removal of 914,752 cubic yards of material from the Mississippi Sound Channel, securing an average depth of 19.2 feet at mean low water over a width of 150 feet, from beacon C to 10,900 feet south of beacon B, a distance of 23,750 feet, and the removal of 51.158 cubic yards of material from the Pascagoula River Channel over a width of 150 feet to an average depth of 22 feet, extending from 3,080 to 5,110 feet down stream from the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge. Other miscellaneous expenditures, amounting to $7,627.17, were made for part cost of alterations, additions, and care and up- keep of the Pauscagoula boatyard; inspections, examinations of chan- nels, and: miscellaieous work of the U. S. tug Chickasaw -upkeep of Pinto Pass Reservation; and payments to date on part cost of one steel barge. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $39,485.94, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging. The 21-foot Horn Island Pass project was completed in the calendar year 1908. Under the existing project, which is 42.4 per cent completed, no new work has been done on Horn Island Pass, but the channel in Pascagoula River has been dredged over a width of 150 feet to a depth of 20 feet above and 22 feet below the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, and the channel through Mississippi Sound to a depth of 22 feet over a width of 150 feet from the mouth of Pascagoula River to a point 4,700 feet south of beacon A. The controlling depths, ascertained June 12, 1924, were as fol- lows: Horn Island Pass, 20 feet, Mississippi Sound Channel, 16.5 feet, Pascagoula River Channel, 13.3 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of obtaining such additional depths and widths of channels, not exceeding the maximum project dimensions, as may be secured by the total authorized expenditures of $283,000. The total expenditures under the existing project are as follows: For new work, $119,952.87; for maintenance, $384,107.07; a total of $504,059.94. Proposed operations.-- lt is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $50,954.30, for maintenance, as follows. Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge for about 21t months in the Mississippi Sound Channel and Channel in Pas- cagoula River below the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc__ $45, 000. 00 Complete payment for one steel barge now under construction by contract----------------- ---------- --------------- 1, 773. 41 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1924 ..... 1, 152. 31 Contingencies___ 3, 028. 58 Total ---------------------------- 50, 954. 30 It is estimated that the above funds will be exhausted by January 31, 1925, expenditures during active operatiois for the 20-inch pipe- line hydraulic dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. RIVERS AND HARBORS---MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 805 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($53,000), will be applied to maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 2 months in Mississippi Sound Channel, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc- --- --------------------------- $40, 000 Construction of one small barge with steel frame and creosoted wood planking-- ----------------------------------------- 0, 000 1-- Part cost for construction of one steel hull steam tug---------------3, 000 Total - ----------- 53, 000 The above proposed operations are. thought to be sufficient to meet the requirements of navigation and commerce during the fiscal year of 1926. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Pascagoula Har- bor during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement General traffic Freight in transit Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919 ... ...... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .. .... 120,963 $2,402,858 6,728 $92,555 1920..... ... .. .. 280, 513 3, 016, 562 ...------------------------------------------ 19, 834 365, 049 1921 ------------------------------------------ 184,967 1,790,211- 1922.......------------------------------------------ 321,313 2,480,272 1923---...... ....----- . .... ....------------ ---------------------------191,965 1,892, 727 . No statistics available showing the number of passengers. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of pulpwood, lumber, logs and fuel oil. The proportion in tonnage of each of these articles to the total tonnage is as follows: Pulpwood 32.37 per cent; lumber 30.90 per cent; logs 21.89 per cent; fuel oil 9.69 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these principal articles of commerce were from 61/2 to 16 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce for Pascagoula Harbor was carried over the improved sections, although there existed be- fore the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were estab- lished or abandoned during the past year. The decrease in tonnage for 1923 compared with the previous year was due largely to a slump in the lumber industry at this port, the decrease being made up almost entirely by the decrease in the tonnage of logs received at the port and the tonnage of lumber shipped coastwise and exported from this port. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $52,135.55: New work ------- ----------------------------- $1, 024, 394. 48 Maintenance --- ----- __________7 196, 731.22 Net total expended---------------_----------____---- 1, 821, 125. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report----- __ 1, 872, 080.00 806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1-- ..-. $6, 682.16------------- Expended for maintenance 1.... 63865. 27 $104, 693.22 $28, 374. 95 $31, 285. 14 $39, 485. 94 Total expended 1---70, 547. 43 104,693. 22 28, 374. 95 31, 285. 14 39, 485. 94 Appropriated or allotted......--------- 110,000.00 50, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 32, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- $56, 371. 64 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924_--------------------------------- 32, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924------------------ 2, 068. 60 90, 440. 24 1 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 39, 485. 94 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ________ 50, 954. 30 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities__________________________ 1, 152. 31 July 1, 1924, balance available ------------------------------- 49, 801. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------- 163, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ________-_______------__ 253, 2 000. 00 8. GULFPORT HARBOR AND SHIP ISLAND PASS, MISS. Location and description.-Gulfport Harbor is located on Missis- sippi Sound in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 44 and 81 miles by water from Pascagoula Harbor, Miss., and Mobile Harbor, Ala., respectively, on the east and 78 miles from New Orleans (via the inside route through Lake Borgne. the Rigolets, Lake Pontchartrain and Industrial Canal) on the west. This harbor consists of a dredged basin 1,320 feet wide by 2,640 feet long. Its entrance is through Ship Island Bar in the Gulf of Mexico, thence through Ship Island Pass between Cat and Ship Islands, thence through Mississippi Sound to the basin, a total distance of 15 miles. The Ship Island Bar Channel is south of .the west end of Ship Island and exposed to gulf disturbances from southerly directions. The channel through Mississippi Sound is partially protected on the south from severe gulf disturbances by Cat and Ship Islands and on the north by the mainland, but subject to severe local disturbances. The basin is protected on the north by the mainland and partially protected on the east and west by the piers of the gulf and Ship Island Railroad Company and on the south by a pile and stone breakwater now under construction. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1267.) Original condition.-No channel existed between the anchorage at Ship Island and Gulfport, Miss. The minimum usable mean low- water depth across Ship Island Bar was 20 feet over a width of about half a mile, and over the site of the inner channel and anchor- age basin the depths ranged from 2.5 to 19 feet, covering several miles in width. z Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receits from sales,, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 807 Previous projects.-There has been no previous project for Ship Island Pass. The original project for Gulfport Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to the com- mencement of work in the Gulfport Channel on July 2, 1911, under the existing project adopted February 27, 1911, there was expended on the previous project $522,650.43, of which $166,199.77 was for new work and $356,450.66 was for maintenance. Work on the exist- ing project for Ship Island Pass, adopted March 3, 1899, and joined with Gulfport project by river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, was commenced on November 23, 1899. For further details of previous projects, see page 1846 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide through Ship Island Pass from the Gulf of Mexico; for a channel 19 feet deep and 300 feet wide leading from the anchorage at Ship Island to the anchorage basin at Gulfport, this basin to be 19 feet deep, 1,320 feet wide, and 2,640 feet long; and for securing such additional depth in the channel and basin, not exceeding 23 feet, as may be obtained by the operation of a Government-owned dredge. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The latest estimate of cost, approved December 31, 1898, for new work on Ship Island Pass Channel is $40,000. Due to indefinite nature of the project there has been no approved estimate of cost for new work under the existing project for the Gulfport Channel and anchorage basin. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,000 for the Ship Island Pass Channel and $185,000 for the Gulfport Channel and anchorage basin. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for securing a chan- nel through Ship Island Pass (H. Doc. No. 120, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for joining the improvement of Ship Island Pass and Gulfport Basin and Channel in a common project; the act of February 27, 1911, authorized the transfer of a dredge and its repair at a cost of not exceeding $60,000 and its operation in maintaining the Gulfport Channel and Basin and ob- taining such additional depth therein as funds would permit (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this improvement may be found on pages 1944 and 1945 of the Annual Report for 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None required by law. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad Co., however, expended about $1,603,594.53 for the formation and maintenance by dredging of the Gulfport Channel and anchorage basin and received from the United States the con- tract price of $150,000. There has been appropriated by the State of Mississippi, the county of Harrison and the city of Gulfport, $100,000, available for the calendar years 1922 and 1923, for the aid and maintenance of the harbor and port of Gulfport, Miss. Terminal facilities.-The municipal wharf, located on the north side of the basin, provides a dockage length of 200 feet and is open to the public without charge. It is connected with the city by an 10710-EN--G 1924--52 08 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 improved highway. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad wharf, lo- cated on the west side of the basin, provides a dockage of 850 feet. These two wharves have no facilities for handling freight. The Gulf & Ship Island Railroad pier, located on the east side of the basin, provides an available dockage of 3,800 feet. This terminal has connection with the city streets and is pro vided with an electric coal hoist and a steam crane for handling freight. It,and the railroad wharf on the west side of basin, are open to the public without.charge, but a transfer charge is made on carload ship- ments from connecting line. There is a fresh water storage pond, embracing 5.8 acres, located north of the basin and connected thereto by a concrete flume. Timber is stored in this pond for future ship- merit. During the season when the toredo is not active timber is also stored behind a boom in the north end of the basin, and later rafted to ship side and loaded directly from the water. This permits of storage in advance of arrival of ships and allows simultaneous loading from pier and water. Existing terminals are considered ade- quate for present commerce. (For full description of terminal fa- cilities see HI.Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to make water transportation easier and better and has resulted in affording a reduction in rail freight rates between Gulfport and seaboard cities of the Atlantic coast, and in affording water freight rates from points on the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad to foreign ports. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All dredging was carried on by day labor and United States plant and consisted of both improvement and maintenance. Improvement dredging, costing $21,520.76, resulted in the removal of 326,882 cubic yards of material from the Anchorage Basin to an average depth of 25 feet at mean low water over a width of 880 feet, extending the entire length of the basin. Maintenance dredging, costing $66,114.47, resulted in the removal of 312,941 cubic yards of material from the Anchorage Basin to an average depth of 19 feet at mean low water over the same area as for improvement dredging, 530,135 cubic yards of material from the Mississippi Sound Channel to an average depth of 23 feet at mean low water over a width of 220 feet, extending from the south end of the Anchorage Basin to 750 feet south of beacon 10, a distance of 10,153 feet, and the removal of 303,010 cubic yards of material from the Ship Island Pass Channel to an average depth of 23.5 feet over the project width of 300 feet. A creosoted pile and stone breakwater 1,360 feet long was constructed by contract to south of the Anchorage Basin. At the end of the fiscal year no payments had been made to the contractor. The estimated cost was $54,398.84. Of this amount $50,000 is to be paid from contributed funds and the remainder from United States funds. Miscellaneous expenditures, amounting to $18,647.89, of which $3,836.25 was charged to improvement and $14,811.64 to maintenance were made for part. cost of alterations, additions, and care and upkeep of the United States boat yard, Pascagoula, Miss.; inspections, examina- tions of channel, and miscellaneous work of the U. S. tug ChickasaW ; payments on part cost of one steel barge; part cost for construction of 55 sections of 20-inch shore discharge pipe; part cost for con- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTFRICT 809 struction of two sections of 20-inch pontoon catamarans, complete with discharge pipe; and miscellaneous cost in connection with con- struction by contract of creosoted pile and stone breakwater. Ex- penditures during the fiscal year amounted to $25,357.01 for im- provement and $80,926.11 for maintenance, a total of $106,283.12. In addition to the above work paid for from United States funds, the U. S. dredge Pascagoula was engaged in dredging operations in the Mississippi Sound Channel from July 1 to September 6, 1923, during which time it worked from 3,200 feet south of beacon 10 to 9,400 feet south of beacon 2, a distance of 34,766 feet, and removed 1,582,909 cubic yards of material, of which 472,371 cubic yards were for improvement and 1,110,538 for maintenance. The cost, amount- ing to $28,061.73, was paid for from contributed funds, and was done through rental of the dredge to the port commissioners. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging and the construction of a breakwater to the south of Anchorage Basin. The existing project for Ship Is- laind Pass was completed in the calendar year 1900, at a cost of $40,000, beinig the same as the approved estimate of cost. The Misissippi Sound Channel was completed to the maximum project depth over the project width during the fiscal year and the maxi- mnum project depth has been obtained in the Anchorage Basin, except for a width of 220 feet along the west side. The controlling depths at mean low water, ascertained June 21, 1924, were as fol- lows: Ship Island Pass Channel, 23.5 feet; Mississippi Sound Channel. 17.7 feet; Anchorage Basin, 23.5 feet over the east 1,100 feet, and 6 feet over the remaining 220 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project from United States funds are as follows: Gulfport Harbor, for new work, $77,- 188.99; for maintenance, $1,031,106.30; a total of $1,108,295.29; Ship Island Pass, for new work, $40,000; for maintenance, $97,- 908.46; a total of $137,908.46. The combined totals for both are $117,188.99 for new work and $1,129,014.76 for maintenance, a grand total of $1,246,203.75. Additional expenditures were made from contributed funds, as follows: For new work, $28,755.24; for maintenance, $19,643.22; a total of $48,398.46. The combined totals of expenditures to the end of the fiscal year from United States funds and contributed funds were $145,944 23 for new work and $1,148,657.98 for maintenance, a total of $1,294,- 602.21. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $187,995.05, for maintenance and improvement as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 8 months in the Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin, including care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, etc--e $160, 000. 00 Complete' payment for one steel barge now under construction by contract - _____~_ 1, 773. 41 Payment for part cost of creosoted pile and stone breakwater located just south of Anchorage Basin and completed by contract during June, 1924___---------------- 4, 398. 84 Contingencies -------------------------------------------- 9, 423. 45 1, 1924---------------- Payment of outstanding liabilities, July1, 12, 399. 35 .. Total----- -------------- - - 187, 995. 05 810 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 It is estimated that ithe above funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925, expenditures during active operations for the 20-inch pipe-line Ihydraulic dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($172,500), will be applied to maintenance work, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about 6 months in Mississippi Sound Channel and Anchorage Basin, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office expenses, etc__ $120, 000 Operation of one hopper dredge in Ship Island Pass Channel about 1 month, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office ex- penses_-- - _ __ ____________ _ 20, 000 Part cost for construction of one steel hull steam tug- - 22, 500 Construction of one small barge with steel frame and creosoted wood planking- ---- 10, 000 Total ------------------- 172, 500 The above amount for maintenance is larger than the average amount expended during the preceding five years due. to the cost for new floating plant included therein and the greater amount of main- tenance work on account of completion to maximum project dimen- sions of the Anchorage Basin and Mississippi Sound Channel during the fiscal year of 1925, and the necessity of maintaining as near as possible at all times the full project dimensions in order to meet the needs of navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Gulfport Harbor during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Caelndar year Short tons Value 1- 19919 __ 302, 129 $6, 293, 070 1922 -_ - - - 352, 146 $6, 856, 818 1920 251, 108 6, 788, 328 1923 2 . 460,462 11,131,081 1921 2 336,667 4,620,429 1The total tons and total value include freight in transit (no ferry traffic), if there was any such traffic, but there was very little, i.fany, traffic of this class, and no amounts are-available for separation 2 There was no freight in transit or ferry traffic for 1920, 1921, 1922, and 1923. No information available showing number of passengers, but there were very few, if any, passengers for these years The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of lumber, which constituted 81.65 per cent of the total tonnage. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the vessels carrying this principal article of commerce were from 5 to 21 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce of Gulfport Harbor was carried over the improved sections, although before improve- ment there was a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The increase in tonnage for the year 1923 as compared with 1922 'is principally in the tonnage of lumber, crude petroleum, staves, and phosphate rock handled through this port, and the in- crease in the tonnage of these commodities is due to increased com- mercial activity of this port. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 811 Financial sunimmary UNITED STATES FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $217,893.01: New work -------------- $283, 388. 76 Maintenance--- 1, 485, 465. 42 Net total expended ------------ 1,768, 854. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report ---- 1, 956, 849. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $16,950. 61 _-------------------------- $14, 881. 37 $25, 357. 01 Expended for maintenance 1.... 154, 942. 67 $151, 810, 77 $84, 519. 20 97, 005. 66 80, 926. 11 Total expended 1-......... 171, 893. 28 151, 810. 77 84, 519. 20 111, 887. 03 106, 283. 12 Appropriated or allotted ....--------- 120, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- - ---- -------- $144, 016. 99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924-------------------- --------------------- 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924-----------_ _ 50,261. 18 294, 278. 17 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-------------------------------- $25, 357. 01 For maintenance--------------------------_--- 80, 926. 11 106, 283. 12 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended ----------- --- _--- 187, 995 05 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities---------------___ 12,399. 35 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 4, 398. 84 16, 798. 19 July 1, 1924, balance available- ------------- 171, 196. 86 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance ------------------------------ 2172, 500.00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work-----------------------------------------------$28, 755.24 Maintenance 19, 643. 22 _--------------------------------------- Net total expended -------------- ------- - 48, 398. 46 Total contributions to date of this report------------------------100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work _________ __ __ ___ $20, 336. 73 $8, 418. 51 Expended for maintenance-....]- - . . .__- . . . .. . _______ 19, 643. 22 Total expended------ -- - -- - -- - -- - 20, 336.73 28, 061.73 Contributed ...------------------------------------- - 50, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 'Ntddcigrcit frmsls t. 2Ecu iofailbefns 1 N\ot ded~cting r~eceipts from sales-,, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-------__------------- $29, 663. 27 Appropriated by the State of Mississippi, County of Harrison, and city of Gulfport, Miss----------------------------------------50. 000. 00 79, 663. 27 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work $, 418. 51 $------------------------- For maintenance -------------------------- 19, 643. 22 2S,061. 73 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-- ---------------------------- 51, 601. 54 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- .___. 50, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance available----------------------------------1, 601. 54 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMALRY FOR GULFPORT HARBOR AND SHIP ISLAND PASS, MISS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $21.7,893.01: New work-------------------- -------------------------- $312, 144. 00 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 1. 505, 108. 64 Net total expended---------------------------- 1 817, 252. 64 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report ___ 2, 056, 849. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1_-- 950. 61 $16, $35, 218.10 $33, 775. 52 Expended for maintenance1 942. 67 154, $151, 810. 77.. $84, 519. 20 . 97, 005. 661 100, 569. :33 Total expended 1 _...... 171, 893. 28 151, 810. 77 84, 519. 20 132, 223. 76 134, 344. 85 Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed--------.. 120, 000. 00 .. .---------------. 50, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 000. 00 150, 150, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ $173, 680. 26 Contributed by the State of Mississippi, county of Harrison, and city of Gulfport, Miss------------------------------------50, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924__ 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924,.____________ 50,361.'18 373, 941. 44 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-------------------------------- $33, 775. 52 For maintenance----------------------------- 100, 569. 33 134, 344. 85 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-____________--___--___---- 239, 596. 59 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ------------------ 12, 399. 35 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 54, 398. 84 66, 798. 19 S July 1, 1924, balance available-------------------------____-- 172, 798. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------------------------ 172, 500. 00 1 Not deducting receipts fromol sa:es,. e-tc. 3 Eclusive of availatble funids. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 813 PASCAGOULA, WOLF, JORDAN, PEARL, AND EAST PEARL RIVERS, AND BILOXI HARBOR, MISS. (GROUP B) 9. PASCAGOULA RIVER, MISS. (B1) Location and description.-The Pascagoula River is formed by the confluence of the Leaf and Chickasahay Rivers near Merrill, in the southeastern part of Mississippi, and empties into Mississippi Sound at Pascagoula. The flow is southerly. The section of the Pasca- goula under improvement is 82.1 miles long from its source to the mouth of Dog River, 6.8 miles above the mouth of the Pascagoula River on Mississippi Sound. The total drainage area, including its tributaries, is 8,750 square miles; mean low-water discharge at Mer- rill, 1,960 second-feet, and for a stage of 10 feet above mean low water, 16,634 second-feet; fall per mile for characteristic sections, 0.58 foot and average width between banks at low water, 305 feet. A low-water stage exists from July to November, inclusive. During the remainder of the year a greatly fluctuating high-water stage exists, with rapid current. At low water the current is sluggish. The river is tidal for 39 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Geologi- cal Survey map of Mississippi.) Original condition.--The section of the Pascagoula River under improvement was navigable only during high water, the minimum width and depth of channel at mean low water being 60 feet and 1 foot, "respectively. Previous projects.--The original project for the Pascagoula River was adopted June 14, 1880, and also included improvement of the bar at the mouth, described in the report on Pascagoula Harbor. Prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1886, the amount expended was $15,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1845 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides only for the maintenance of the channel above the mouth of the Dog or Escatawpa River, a distance of 82.1 miles, by the removal of obstructions from time to time. The mean and extreme tidal variations at the mouth are about 1/ and 4 feet, respectively. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations at Merrill, due to floods, are 19.4 and 26.2 feet, respectively. The latest (1886) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and included dredging at the mouth of the river. The act of March 3, 1899, limited the improvement to the section above the mouth of Dog River, and appropriations since have been made accordingly. This project is based on an examination, for re- port of which see Annual Report for 1879, page 835. For the latest published map, see House Document No. 1723, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has reduced difficul- ties to navigation and facilitated, the transportation of timber prod- ucts. Freight rates by rail and by water have not been affected, as 814 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, iY. S. ARMY, 1924 there is no competition with railroads and no established transpor- tation lines using the waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The river was cleared of snags from the mouth of Dog River to the mouth of Cedar Creek (38 miles), a total of 541 obstructions being removed. The amount expended, including repair and upkeep of plant, was $3,495.87, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depth at mean low water is 7 feet from the mouth of Dog River to Dead Lake, 32 miles, and 3 feet in the remaining 50 miles of the project section above Dead Lake. The river above Dead Lake is badly obstructed by snags and bars. The total expended to the end of the fiscal year was $99,564.56, all of which was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the entire balance unexpended July 1, 1924, amounting to $4,719.24 for the operation of one snag boat, about two months, including proportional cost for care and upkeep of plant, office expenses, and contingencies through- out the; fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and payment of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1924. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925, the expenditures for the snag boat being about $2,000 per month during active snagging operations. No funds will be required for the fiscal year 1926 as no work will be necessary for the small commerce involved. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for this section of river for the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short toffs Value 1919 _ ....... . 41,718 $815, 643 1922 -_ 116, 935 $800, 667 1920. 144, 489 1, 004, 245 .-------------------- 1923 - -- - 42, 113 189, 082 1921----------- - - 77,095 271, 434 Number of passengers not available. During the last calendar year 95 per cent of the commerce of this portion of the river consisted of logs, all of which were floated. The remaining 5 per. cent consisted of piling and pulpwood. There was a decrease of 64 per cent in the total traffic as compared with the preceding year, attributable to the fact that the supply of standing timber along this waterway and easily accessible to the waterway has been very largely depleted. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $802.97: New work--$-------- ---------- $15, 000. 00 Maintenance --- 99, 564. 56 Net total expended-------------------------------- 114, 564. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report-------- _ 119, 283. 80 RIVERS AND HARBORS MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 815 Fiscal =year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .....................-------------.-------------- - - Expended for maintenance 1_ $5, 061. 31 $479. 06 $68. 53 $7, 301.62 $3, 495. 87 Appropriated or allotted...---------------------------- 4, 000. 00 4, 000. 00 4, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- - $4, 215. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _- 4, 000. 00 8, 215. 11 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 3, 495. 87 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended--- 4, 719.24 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ - 100. 93 July 1, 1924, balance available-- - 4, 618. 31 10, BILOXI HARBOR, MISS. (B2) Location and description.-This harbor is in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 14 miles east of Gulfport, Miss., and 32 miles west of Pascagoula, Miss. The project for this im- provement provides for the formation of a channel by dredging, having a depth of 8 feet at mean low water and a width of 150 feet from the 8-foot contour in Mississippi Sound to the pocket of deeper water in front of the city of Biloxi, a distance of about 11/4 miles. It is protected from the north and east by the mainland of Missis- sippi and Deer Island. The shoal water through which it runs also serves as a partial protection. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1267.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth of 4 feet at mean low water over a width of about one-quarter of :a mile. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, but no funds were expended there- under. Work under the existing project, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, was begun on September 12, 1887. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1846 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the formation of a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, from the 8-foot con- tour in Mississippi Sound to the pocket of deeper water forming the south water front of the city of Biloxi, Miss., a distance of about 11/4 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, is $55,000. The latest (1882) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 131, 47th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1882, p. 1322). The latest published map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 1088, Sixtieth Congress, sec- ond session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. 816 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 T'erminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminals at this harbor and none are required, as the commerce is very small arid con- sists almost entirely of fish, oysters, and shrimp obtained in local waters and handled over a number of very poorly constructed, light, timber wharves owned by private parties, but available to the public without charge. These are considered adequate for the present small commerce, the nature of which does not demand wharves for public use. Space is available, however, to meet any future demand that may arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Apparently there has been little effect on freight rates. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can enter the harbor. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. Expenditures, amounting to $454.45, all charged to maintenance, were made for examinations of channel, office expenses, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the calendar year 1893. All work on this improvement has consisted of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to maintenance. The controlling depth ascertained June 13, 1924, was 7.4 feet at mean low water. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1924, were as follows: For new work, $44,382.27; for maintenance, $63,758.06; total of $108,140.33. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $10,491.94, for maintenance during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Operation of one 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge about one-half month, including care and upkeep of plant, surveys, office ex- penses, etc-$10,----------------------------------------- 000. 00 Contingencies--_ ------------- 1------------ 150. 00 Fiscal year 1926: Inspections, examinations of channels, office ex- penses, etc------------------------------------- 341.94 Total --------------------------------------------- __ 10, 491.94 It is estimated that the funds proposed for operations during the fiscal year 1925 will be exhausted by June 30, 1925, expenditures during active operations of the 20-inch pipe-line hydraulic dredge being at the rate of $20,000 per month. No additional funds will be needed for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as no dredging will be necessary to meet the requirements of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Biloxi Harbor during the past five years is given below: Comparative:statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919- ..........-.. .. 13,317 $174,104 1922--................ ... 91,916 $689, 189 1920- ....... -........... 21,307 196, 594 1923....-. ...... - ...... 61,276 1,350,000 1921-............... -..... 66,021 566, 086 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 817 The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of oysters, ice and lumber. The proportion in tonnage of each of these articles to the total tonnage is as follows: Oysters 58.23 per cent; ice 10.64 per cent ; lumber 9.95 per cent. The usual limits of loaded drafts of the boats carrying these princi- pal articles of commerce were from 2 to 6 feet. Practically the en- tire amount of commerce of Biloxi Harbor was carried over the im- proved, sections, although there was before improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The decrease in the tonnage handled over this waterway for 1923 as compared with the previous year was due almost entirely to decreased activity in the oyster business. The increased value for 1923 as:compared with the previous year was attributed to the fact that there was a considerably increased tonnage of higher class merchandise handled. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work----------------------------------------------- $44, 382.27 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 63, 758. 06 Net total expended ____ _____-------------__ 108, 140. 33 Total' appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 118, 632. 27 Fiscal yea rending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work __- I...... - - -............. Expended for maintenance .. $6,970. 05 $79. 86 $66. 96 $5, 053. 61 $454.45 Appropriated or allotted...-------- -------------- - -- $10, 000.00 __------------- 6,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__--- ____ ------- 4, 946. 39 $-- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved 7, 1924-_ JuneJue7,12-------------------------------------------------6,000.00 __ 6,000.00 10, 946. 39 June 30. 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 454. 45 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- ----------------------------- 10, 491. 94 11. WOLF AND JORDAN RIVERS, MISS. (B3) Location and description. This improvement is at the mouths of these streams, in Bay St. Louis, an estuary of Mississippi Sound, and lies in the southeastern part of the State of Mississippi, about 24 miles west of Gulfport, Miss. A channel 7 feet deep and 100 feet wide has been dredged from the mouth of each stream through the shoal and sheltered waters of Bay St. Louis. The channel at the mouth of Jordan River is about 2 miles long, while that at the mouth of'Wolf River is about 1.6 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1268.) Original condition.-There was a minimum usable depth at mean low water across the bar at the mouth of Wolf River of 3 feet over a width of about 500 feet, and across the bar at the mouth of Jordan 818 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 River the minimum usable depth at mean low water was 4 feet over a width of about 400 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing prooject.-This provides for dredging, at the mouths of these streams, channels 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 6-foot contour in Bay St. Louis to the 7-foot contour in each stream. The length of the dredged channel at the mouth of Wolf River is about 1.6 miles and at the mouth of Jordan River about 2 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906,. is $30,000. The latest (1906) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 917, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities and none are required, as this project is for dredging channels through bars at the mouths of Wolf and Jordan Rivers, Miss. The commerce pass- ing through these channels is small and consists principally of forest products obtained along the above-mentioned streams and which are handled directly from the shore to boats. This method is satisfac- tory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d. sess.) Effect of improvement.-Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouths of these streams. Opertios and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. Expenditures amounting to $136.06, all charged to maintenance, were made for examination of channel, office expenses, etc. Candition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the calendar year 1908. All work on this improvement consists of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to maintenance. The controlling depths at mean low water in these channels, ascertained June 14, 1924, were 5.3 feet in the Wolf River and 6 feet in the Jordan River. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1924, were as follows: For new work, $29,195.19; for maintenance, $27,403.89; a total of $56,599.08. Proposed .operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $181.07, for maintenance in payment of examinations of channel, office expenses, etc., during the fiscal years 1925 and 1926. No additional funds will be needed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as no dredging will be necessary to meet the require- ments of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for Wolf and Jordan Rivers during the past five years is given below: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 819 Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1 919.---------.-........ 14, 372 $317, 714 1922_---------------------- 3, 359 $66,435 1920...------------------ 1, 761 56, 440 1923 ... ... 17, 678 ...--------------------- 531, 513 1921---------------------- 1,315 22,800 No statistics available showing the number of passengers. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of lumber, which constituted 93.65 per cent of the total commerce handled. The loaded drafts of the vessels handling this commerce were from 5 to 7 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce of the Wolf and Jordan Rivers was carried over the improved sections, although there existed before the improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There, has been no recent change in the nature of the commerce due to the improvement, 'and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned during the past year. The increase in the amount of commerce for 1923 compared with the previous year is attributable almost entirely to increased ship- ments of lumber by water from the, sawmills situated on or ne'ar this waterway. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work--- $29, 195. 19 Maintenance_- 27, 403. 89 Net total expended ................. 56, 599. 08 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 56, 780. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work -- -- - -- - - --- ---- -- --- --- -- -- -- -- - --- $136.06 Expended for maintenace - -- $941. 58 $327. 30 $471.99 $574. 03 Appropriated or allotted . --- - --- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $317. 13 .June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 136. 06 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended-_ 181. 07 12. EAST PEARL RIVER, MISS. (B4) Location and description.-This improvement is in Lake Borgne, at the entrance to East Pearl River, south of the State of Mississippi, and between it and the State of Louisiana. It is about 35 miles west of Gulfport, Miss. This improvement consists of a dredged channel through the bar at the mouth of this stream having a depth of 9 feet at mean low water and a width of 200 feet. This channel is about 1.3 miles long 820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and connects the 9-foot curve of depth inside and outside of the bar. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1268.) Originalcondition.-There was a minimum usable depth of about 7 feet at mean low water over a width of about 1,000 feet. Previous projects. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. No work was done, and it was modi- fied by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. Prior to com- mencement of work on December 15, 1910, under the existing project adopted June 25, 1910, there was expended on the previous project the sum of $28,199.80 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1846 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for restoring at the mouth of East Pearl River the former project depth of 9 feet at mean low water over a width of 200 feet, thereby connecting the 9-foot con- tour in Lake Borgne with the same contour in East Pearl River, a distance of about 1.3 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range here is about 13/4 feet, and the extreme tidal range is about 31/2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1907 is $34,000, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects, and $6,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 328, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of this locality may be found in House Document No. 206, Fifty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.- None. Terminal faciiities.-There are no terminal facilities, and none are required, as this project provides for restoring a depth of 9 feet at the mouth of East Pearl River, Miss. The commerce passing through this channel is small and consists principally of lumber and timber obtained along this stream and the east shore of Lake Pontchartrain, La. Freight is handled directly from the shore to boats, and this method is thought to be satisfactory for the amount and character of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--Rail freight rates have not been affected, as there is no competition between rail and water transportation. Commerce has, however, been directly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better and larger boats can now cross the bars at the mouth of this stream. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done. Expenditures, amounting to $221.67, all charged to mainte- nance, were made for examinations of channel, office expenses, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the calendar year 1911. All work on this improvement consists of dredging, and expenditures since its completion have been applied to maintenance. The controlling depth, ascertained June 14, 1924, was 8 feet at mean low water. The total expendi- tures under the existing project to June 30, 1924, were as follows: For new work, $8,928.13; for maintenance, $22,360.58; a total of $31,288.71. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $160.79, for maintenance, for RIVERS AND HARBORS-MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 821 examinations' of channel, office expenses, etc., during the fiscal years 1925 and 1926. No additional funds will be needed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, as no dredging will be necessary to meet the require- mnents of commerce and navigation. Commercial statistics.-The total commerce for East Pearl River during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Calendar year Short tons Value Calendar year Short tons Value 1919 75, 075 $1, 349, 565 1922---------------------- 136, 987 $1, 668, 064 1920 -. 51, 191 1, 282, 414 1923 ....................... 98, 715 1, 100, 406 1921 109, 621 1,090,730 The number of passengers not available, but there were very few, if any. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of lumber, brick, and cordwood. The proportion in tonnage of each of the articles to the total tonnage is as follows: Lumber, 55.64 per cent; brick, 27.89 per cent; cordwood, 12.92 per cent. The usual limits of loaded. drafts of the boats carrying these principal articles of commerce were from 6 to 8 feet. Practically the entire amount of commerce of East Pearl River was carried over the improved sections, although there was before improvement a sufficient depth to have handled a portion of it. There has been no recent change in the nature of commerce due to the improvement, and no lines of transportation were established or abandoned. during the past year. The decrease in the amount of com- merce: for 1923 compared with the previous. year was occasioned almost entirely by the decrease in the tonnage of brick shipped over this waterway from a large brick plant situated thereon. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work___ ------------------------- $37, 127. 93 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 22, 360. 58 Net total expended-__--- ------------ 59, 488. 531 Total appropriations to date of this report- 9, 649. 30 5------------------ Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1921 Expended for new work.--- Expended for maintenance---- $896. 75 $247.39 29 $358. $623. 43 $221.67 Appropriated or allotted --- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $332. 46 .une 30, 1924, amount experided during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 221. 67 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended---------------- -------------- 160. 79, 822 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $802.97: New work--- $125, 705. 39 Maintenance-_-_ 213, 087. 09 Net total expended - - -- 338, 792. 48 Total appropriations to date of this report_ 354, 345. 52 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work ------------- ---------- Expended for maintenance 1..._ $13, 869.69 $1, 133. 61 $965. 77 $13, 552. 69 $4,308. 05 Appropriated or allotted - - 14, 000. 00 4, 000. 00 10, 000. 03 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- $9, 861. 09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924 _--- 10, 000. 00 19, 861. 09 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 4, 308. 05 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------ 15, 553. 04 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------- 100. 93 July 1, 1924, balance available-------- 15,452. 11 13. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH, MOBILE RIVER, ALA., TRIBUTARIES Location and description.-The water hyacinth is a floating aquatic plant which infests numerous fresh-water streams tributary to the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It propagates from the seeds and suckers, spreads quickly in most localities, and may cause entire sus- pension of navigation if not removed. This plant thrives during the spring and fall of the year when sediment is carried into the streams by rains. It is killed by salt water, and the tops are killed and growth retarded by winter frosts. In recent years the plant has become very obstructive to navigation in One Mile and Three Mile Creeks, Ala., short tributaries of Mobile River, which empty into the latter 1 and 3 miles, respectively, above its mouth and just above the port of Mobile. In Chickasaw Creek and Bayou Sara, also short tributaries flowing into Mobile River 4 and 81/3 miles, respectively, above Mobile, Ala., and in Dog River, Ala., which empties into Mobile Bay from the west about 8 miles from its north end, the hyacinths exist in limited quantities sufficient to warrant removal. Original condition.-The most reliable information indicates that the hyacinths first appeared in this locality about the year 1903. Its spread has not been as rapid as in some other localities, due, it is thought, to the fact that during the dry season the waters of these tidal streams are sufficiently salty to retard their growth. Previous project.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, Ala- bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may RIVERS AND HARBOR ---- MOBILE, ALA., DISTRICT 823 become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; for the construction and operation of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of log booms to prevent the drifting of plants from one stream to another. The estimated cost adopted in 1899 was $25,000 each for two boats, $10,000 for operation in each district, and $1,000 for the establishment of booms. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, made appropriations for the States of Florida and Louisiana and provided for the extermination or removal of plants, the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropria- tion available for the State of Mississippi, and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisiana; and the act of July 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvemient.-No change in rail or water freight rates has resulted from this improvement. The commerce has been di- rectly benefited, as navigation has been made easier and better. No increase in commerce has resulted from the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were car- ried on by day labor and United States plant from July 9 to October 13, 1923, and from May 27 to June 30, 1924, resulting in the spray- ing of 25,600 square yards of hyacinths in One Mile Creek, 112,600 square yards in Three Mile Creek, 26,800 square yards in Chicasaw Creek, 86,600 square yards in Hog Bayou, 194,400 square yards in Greenwood Bayou, and 119,900 square yards in Dog River. The total expenditure amounted to $5,115.31, all of which was for mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is for maintenance. Spraying of the hyacinths in the streams covered by this project has resulted in maintaining unobstructed navigation. The total ex- penditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $13,071.62, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended July 1, 1924, amounting to $3,978.38, for the spraying of hyacinths in One Mile Creek, Three Mile Creek, Chickasaw Creek and tributaries, Bayou Sara, and Dog River, Ala., as follows: Operation of one launch and barge equipped with spraying outfit, about 21/2 months, including care and upkeep of plant, examina- tions, office expenses, etc_ $3, 125. 00 Contingencies -. _ 121. 80 Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1924 731. 58 Total -- --------------- 3, 978. 38 It is estimated that these funds: will be exhausted by September 15, 1924, expenditures during active operations being at the rate of $1,250 per month. 824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGITNEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($7,500), will be expended in the operation of two spraying outfits, as outlined above, for about three months. This amount is larger than the average expended during the pre- ceding five years due to the fact that previous allotments have been insufficient for effective operations. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the, tributaries of Mo- bile River during the past five years is given below: Comparative statement Tributary Calendar Short tons Value year Bayou Sara--. ..------------------------------------------------------. 1919 1,000 $9, 000 1920 2, 256 22, 831 1921 4, 000 25,000 1922 (1) (1) 1923 14,460 289,200 One Mile Creek-.....__ ________._____. -___________ .____________ 1919 35, 114 414,447 1920 16, 685 290; 006 1921 42,279 422,534 1922 12,223 290,612 1923 84, 187 914, 756 Three Mile Creek-- .....------------------------------------------------ 1919 6,749 70,314 1920 26, 161 382, 977 1921 .10, 523 97, 845 1922 13,125 78, 919 1923 45, 781 252, 156 Chickasaw Creek - 1919 145, 859 955,682 1920 103, 441 880,923 1921 47, 598 369, 386 1922 14,260 71,300 1923 124, 596 598, 725 Dog River 2 .. .....---------- 1922 65,944 593,496 1923 40, 000 320, 000 I No commerce on this waterway durine 1922. 2 No improvement on this waterway prior to 1922. No passengers carried. The commerce during 1923 consisted principally of logs, which constituted 86.14 per cent of the total tonnage handled. The usual limits of loaded drafts of boats engaged in handling this commerce were from 31/2 to 6 feet. The removal of water hyacinths under the existing project was the first work undertaken by the United States on these streams, upon which there are no regular lines of transportation engaged in commerce. There has been no change in the nature of commerce ,due to the improvement. The increase in tonnage during the year 1923 compared with 1922, is attributed to the fact that some of the operators of sawmills on :these streams enlarged the scope of their operations, receiving a much larger tonnage of logs and shipping a much larger tonnage ,of lumber. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New Work-............ Maintenance --------------------------------------------- $13, 071. 62 'Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------. 17. 050. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 825 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work .----------------- Expended for maintenance ...... $285. 48 -------------- -------------- $1, 293. 56 $2, 984. 48 -------------- $3, 392. 79 -------- $5, 115. 31 Appropriated or allotted . -- 5, 000. 00 3, 300. 00 6,400. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $2, 693. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------------------------ 3, 400. 00 kAmount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924--------------------------------------------__ 3, 000. 00 9. 093. 69 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 5, 115. 31 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended- 3, 978. 38 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------- 731. 58 July 1, 1924, balance available_ - --- _ 3, 246. 80 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance__--------------------------_ ---- 7, 500. 00 :EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 2 2, 1922 Report dated June 30, 1923, on preliminary examination of Tom- bigbee River, Ala. and Miss., and canal connecting the Tombigbee and Tennessee Rivers, required by the river and harbor act of Sep- tember 22, 1922, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and was transmitted to Congress December 8, 1923, but has not yet been printed. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and September 22, 1922, and the act of February 2, 1924, as follows, and reports thereon will be duily .submitted when received: 1. Mulberry Fork of the Warrior River above Sanders Shoals. 2. Dog River, Ala., from the Louisville & Nashville Railroads Bridge to the mouth of said river, including a channel connection .with the Mobile Bay Ship (Channel. IMPROVEMENT OR RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT The district embraces the southern part of Louisiana, from Pearl River on the east to Sabine River on the west, and south of Red River, including the Passes of the Mississippi River, but excluding the Mississippi River above Head of Passes. District engineer: Lieut. Col. E. J. Dent, Corps of Engineers to December 24, 19"23; Col. George M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers, to January 7, 1924; and Col. Curtis McD. Townsend, U. S. Army, Retired, since that date. Division Engineer: Col. George M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers. Exclusive of available funds. 826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 IMPROVEMENTS [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page Page 1. Southwest Pass, Mississippi 18. Intracoastal Waterway, Mis- River, La. (Al)_--_ 826 sissippi River to Bayou 2. South Pass Channel, Missis- Teche, La. (D1) .__--.. 878 sippi River, La. (mainte- 19. Intracoastal W ate r w a y nance) (A2) 834 Franklin to Mermentau, 3. Examinations and surveys at La. (D2)-- So u t h P a s s, Mississippi 20. Intracoastal Waterway, Ver- River, La. (A3)- 838 milion River to Schooner 4. Lake Ponchartrain, La. Bayou, La. (D3) ....... 885 (B1) __- 841 21. Intracoastal Waterway, Mer- 5. Chefuncte River and Bogue mentau River to Calcasieu Falia, La. (B2) ........ 842 River, La. (D4)___- -- 880 SS6 6. Pass Manchac, La. (B3)___ 845 22. Intracoastal Waterway, Cal- 7. Tickfaw, Natalbany, Poncha- casieu River to Sabine toula, and Blood Rivers, River, La. and Tex. (D5)_ La. (B4) 847 23. Operating and Care of Han- 8. Amite River and Bayou son Canal, La -- 895 Manchac, La. (B5)- 849 24. Operating and Care of Har- 9. Barataria Bay, La. (C1)__ 853 vey Canals and Lock ... 897 10. Bayou Lafourche, La. (C2) _ 856 25. Operating and care of 11. Bayou Terrebonne, La. Schooner Bayou Lock, La_ 898 (C3)__ 859 26. Bayou Vermilion, La. (El) 898 12. Bayou Plaquemine, Grand 27. Mermentau River, Bayou River and Pigeon Bayous, Nezpique, and Bayou Des La. (C4) __ 862 Cannes, La. (E2) _____- 901 13. Bayou Grossetete, La. (C5)- 865 28. Bayou Queue de Tortue, La. 14. Bayou Teche, La. (C6) .. 868 (E3) ----------------- 904 15. Operating and care of Pla- 29. Bayou!PlaquemineBrule, La. quemine Lock, La...... 873 (E4) _ ------------ 906 16. Operating and care of Key- 30. Calcasieu River and Pass, stone Lock, Bayou Teche, La. (E5) ------------ 907 La- __ __ 875 31. Removing the water hya- 17. Atchafalaya River, Morgan cinth, Louisiana------ 911.. City to the Gulf of Mex- ico, La .... __ 875 PASSES OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER. (GROUP A) Prior to 1917 South and Southwest Passes were improved and maintained under separate appropriations. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and subsequent acts have appropriated funds in such manner as to make them available for either pass. 1. SOUTHWEST PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. (Al) Location and description.-Southwest Pass is the westernmost of the mouths of the Mississippi River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1115 and 1116). Its length from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico is 19.8 miles. It flows in a generally south- west direction. Distance of outer end of pass from New Orleans, La., is 114.3 statute miles; from Mobile, Ala., on the east, 160 statute miles; from Galveston, Tex., on the west, 330 statute miles. In the upper 11.5 miles (unimproved portion), the maximum width is 2,400 feet; minimum, 1,190 feet; average 1,600 feet. In the lower 8.3 miles (improved portion), the width between contraction works is 1,750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but for' about eight months RIVERS AND IHARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 827 of the year is influenced by river floods. The, discharge and fall of water surface vary from 0 during very low stages to about 450,000 second-feet and 0.20 foot per mile, respectively, during extreme floods. Average discharge during flood of 1923 was 36.7 per cent of the water at Head of Passes. Original condition.-The pass was obstructed by a bar at its mouth across which the channel had a depth of only 9 feet and a 'width of about 200 feet, while the remainder of the, pass had depths ranging from 26 to 83 feet at mean low water. The length before prolonga- tion by the jetties was 15 miles. Variation in water surface, due to river floods, was about 4 feet at the head, reducing to zero at, the mouth. Previous projects.The first improvement of Southwest Pass was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent appropriations were made by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1837; the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852; the act of July 8, 1856; the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; and the act of March 3, 1873. The total amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project June 13, 1902, was $921,043.01. For scope of improvements contemplated by above acts see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel through Southwest Pass 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep. The general plan of improve- ment approved in April, 1923, provides for contracting the lower 8.3 miles of the pass to. a width of 1,750 feet by means of jetties, spur dikes, and inner bulkheads; for dredging the channel between the bulkheads and depositing the dredged material between the bulk- heads and jetties; for dredging a channel through the outer bar inclining to the left of the jetty axis; for the construction of small revetted openings through the narrow portions of the banks of the pass for purpose of strengthening these banks; for closure of minor outlets not required for maintenance of the banks; for the construc- tion of sills to prevent the enlargement of The Jump and Cubits Gap; for dredging in the river at Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap, a distance of 3.5 miles; for the construction of a sill across the head of South Pass to' limit the flow through that pass; for repairs to sill across Pass a Loutre, and bank revetment at Head of Passes; for construction of dikes with a, view to reducing the width of the river above Head of Passes; for the construction of a submerged deflecting dike above the Head of Passes; and for other minor work. The plane of reference is mean low water. Average variation due to tides at the mouth is 16 inches, at the head 10 inches, affected by wind or other causes, and extreme tide is 28 inches. The east jetty is approximately 4.8 miles in length and the west jetty 3.8 miles. The jetties are composed of a substructure of brush mattresses, origi- nally built to about the elevation of mean low water, surmounted with a superstructure of concrete and large rip rap. Spur dikes are composed of a cribwork of round piling filled with willows and stone or with a curtain of round piles along the upstreamn face. The original estimated cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $6,000,000, and $150,000 per annum for maintenance. Additions to the new work prior to 1916 were made without prior increase of the estimate of cost. Addi- 828 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tional works were planned in 1916 by a board of Engineer officers and were approved by the Secretary of War at 'an estimated cost of $4,600,000, increasing the estimate to about $12,400,000 for new work. This estimate was further revised in 1919 to $14,793,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, and provides that the details of the work may be modi- fied at the discretion of the Secretary of War. (See H. Doc. No. 329, 56th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report, 1900, p.. 2287, et seq.) Act of May 28, 1908, authorizing dredging in the river at the Head of Passes as far up as Cubits Gap. The act of March 3, 1909, mnade pro- vision for increasing the plant by addition of a large dredge. For report of the above-mentioned board of Engineer officers in 1916, see pages 2420-2426 of Annual Report for 1916. For latest chart, see page 2372 of Annual Report for 1920. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Nolocal cooperation has been imposed by law. Terminal facilities. The:Board of Commissioners of the port of New Orleans, an agency of the State of Louisiana, ordinarily re- ferred to as the dock board, owns and operates the majority of the terminal facilities of the port of New Orleans. The dock board has constructed on the east bank of the river, 31,869 lineal feet (4,592,927 square feet) of wharves, of which 28,512 feet (3,262,606 square feet) are, covered with steel sheds averaging 175 feet in width. The dock board has three fruit landings equipped with 13 banana unloaders. Many large floating derricks, several locomotive cranes, the telpher system for sugar, stationary, and portable conveyors and trucks for all commodities, special elevators for ore, sand, and gravel, and other economical devices, are included in the commodity handling equipment of the port. All port facilities are served by paved roadways and also by the Public Belt Railroad, a terminal switching facility, with a total of 80.66 miles of track, municipally owned and operated, which connects with all 12 trunk lines entering New Orleans. Other lines increase the total switching trackage to more than: 200 miles within the port, with an estimated handling capacity of 3,000 cars per day. The board has constructed, at a cost of over $6,000,000, a modern public cotton-handling terminal, with a storage capacity of 420,000 bales. There are eight grain elevators, with a total storage capacity of 7,572,000 bushels, of which that of the dock board has a capacity of 2,622,000 bushels. At the latter elevator is located a marine leg unloader, with a capacity of 15,000 bushels per hour, and also a modern sacking plant. The board has constructed an Inner-Harbor Navigation Canal. which costs approximately $18,000,000. The canal is situated in the city of New Orleans, near its eastern boundary, and connects the Mississippi River with Lake Pontchartrain. The canal is 51/2 miles long. Near the Mississippi River entrance is a reinforced concrete lock 640 feet inside length by 75 feet inside width, with 3112 feet of water over the sills at low water in the Mississippi River. The canal is now 30 feet deep, with a bottom width of 150 feet. It will ultimately be widened to 500 and 600 feet. RIVERS AND, HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 829 The dock board now has under construction, at an estimated cost of $2,000,000, on the Inner-Harbor Navigation Canal, 1,500 feet north of the lock, a quay wharf of reinforced concrete. The wharf, which will be opened to commerce in October, 1924, is 265 feet wide by 2,400 feet long, and is served on the front and rear by the Public Belt Railroad and suitable city streets. Among other important port facilities at New Orleans may be mentioned the following: Army Supply Base, built by the Federal Government at a cost of nearly $15,000,000. The Army Supply Base comprises three 6-story reinforced concrete buildings, supported by a wharf and served by the Public Belt Rail- road. Seven floating dry docks, the largest being the.Navy dry dock, having a capacity of 16,000 tons and the others with varying capacities up to 10,000 tons. The public coal and bulk commodity handling plant, with a coal storage capacity of 25,000 tons. This plant is owned by the dock board and handles as well as coal, various ores. Numerous tipples and colliers for handling coal and other commodities. There are four railroad; terminals on the Mississippi River with 15,700 lineal feet of wharves, of which 11,800 lineal feet are covered with sheds, affording 1,944,610 square feet of covered area. Wharves owned by various industrial plants on both sides of the river bring the total wharfage of the port to 10 miles. Most of these wharves are covered with single-story transit sheds, affording an area of over 7,000;000 square feet on which to handle cargo at ship side. The facilities of the port of New Orleans are considered adequate for its commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess., and Port Series No. 5, Corps of Engineers.) Effect of imzprovement.- The available depth has been increased from 9 to 33 feet and 19 to 33 feet over bars at the sea entrance and at the head of pass, respectively. The improvement has rendered transportation by water easier. Operations and results during fiscal year. A small amount of the work during the year was performed by contract; the majority was by hired labor and United States plant. A total of 1,788,205 cubic yards of material was dredged from the lateral channel and the entrance into the jetty channel by the U. S. hopper dredge Benyaurd at an expenditure of $209,214.02, of which $104,607.01 is charged to new work, and $104,607.01 to maintenance. New work by contract consisted in construction of six spur dikes in the lower 8.3 miles of the pass, at an expenditure of $169,584.89. Maintenance work, which was all by hired labor, consisted in :removal of 6,058,- 221 cubic yards of material from the jetty channel and the channel opposite Burrwood by the U. S. pipe-line dredges Gulfport and Wahalak, at an expenditure of $320,944.65; removal of 809,860 cubic yards of material from the entrance channel at head of Southwest Pass by the U. S. dredge Gulfport, at an expenditure of $64,343.31; capping with concrete 3,964 linear feet of the submerged portion of the east jetty, at an expenditure of $220,447.48; strengthening the banks of the pass by construction of four small revetted spillways and by widening the bank at one critical locality by means of a brush dike and hydraulic fill, at an expenditure of $39,887.95; maintenance of inner bulkheads, spur dikes, and other existing structures, at an expenditure of $30,115.01; and maintenance of arind additions to 830 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 wharves and floating plant and shore plant at Burrwood, at an ex- penditure of $95,631.88, which includes $33,134.95 for construction of two steel barges by contract. A total of $14,272.98 was expended on necessary surveys, which is prorated to the main activities. The total expenditures during the year were $1,196,181.54, of which $275,191.90 was for new work and $920,989.64, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The foundation of the east jetty is 25,420 feet long and the portion above high water about 20,800 feet. The west jetty foundation is 19,960 feet long and the length above high water about 13,100 feet. The jetties were constructed during the fiscal years 1904 to 1921, inclusive, and extensive repairs have been made to the older portions since 1915. The inner bulk- head on the west side is 16,120 feet in length and the east bulkhead is 22,822 feet in length. The bulkheads were constructed by contract during the fiscal years 1917 to 1923, inclusive. Willows and stone have been placed inside of the cribwork and fascine mattresses have been laid along the river side of the bulkheads, where necessary, to protect them from scour. The entire length of bulkhead so pro- tected is 28,500 linear feet. This protection work was done by hired labor and contract during the fiscal years 1917, 1918, 1919, and 1923. The amount dredged from between the bulkheads and deposited be- tween the bulkheads and the jetties amounts to,13,533,708 cubic yards. This work was done by United States plant during the fiscal years 1918 to 1924, inclusive. During the period 1908 to 1923 mattresses were added to the sill at the head of Pass i Loutre, and mattress sills were placed across Cubits Gap and the Jump; 11 outlet bayous in the pass have been closed, some of the dams having been flanked or broken; the old mattress sill across the head of Southwest Pass has been removed; 53 spur dikes have been constructed in the lower 9 miles of the pass; and 5 spur dikes and a submerged deflecting dike have been constructed at the Head of Passes. This work was done by hired labor and by contract. The total amount removed in the lower 71/2 miles of the Southwest Pass channel by dredging, amounts to 64,016,908 cubic yards. At the close of the fiscal year, the yardage remaining to be re- moved to secure a channel 35 feet in depth and 1,000 feet in width, was 929,500, as compared to 4,878,000 in June, 1923. On the above basis, the condition of the Southwest Pass channel at the end of this fiscal year is far more favorable than at any previous time. The en- tire channel through Southwest Pass from above its head to deep water in the Gulf, showed a substantial improvement during the year. Conditions on June 30, 1924, are briefly as follows: Outer Head of Out Head of and Entrance and Entrance lower pass to at head lower pass to at head jetty of jetties ofpasses jettyoe e of passes channels channels f jetties passes Controlling depth Minimum width of -- feet-- ------ 133 35 33 channel of this de p th .....fee t 4 00 22 5 0 320 0 1Central depths vary from 36 to over 40 feet. of a small shoal with about 34 feet depth, lying inside the 2This limiting width is due to the existence general 35-foot channel near Burrwood. The general width of the 35-foot channel from the sea ends of the jetties to the head of the pass varies from 500 to over 1,000 feet, and averages about the latter figure. 3The minimum width of channel, 30 feet deep, is about 1,200 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 831 Throughout the year the limiting central depths of channel ob- tained in the entrance channel at the head of the pass or near the lower end of the jetty channel. Measures having in view the im- provement of conditions in these portions of the channel are pro- vided for under proposed operations. The result of 15 sets of discharge measurements made at Head of Passes during this season's flood shows that Southwest Pass is now taking 37.8 per cent of the flow above Head of Passes. The simi- lar figures for the floods of 1922 and 1923 are 41.1 per cent and 36.6 per cent, respectively. The above figures indicate that the decline in discharge through this pass, which was under way between 1922 and 1923, has been checked by the measures undertaken during the current year at both South and Southwest Passes, having that end in view. Controlling channel conditions at the close of the year obtained in the entrance at the head of the pass where there was a 33-foot channel 200 feet wide, or a 30-foot channel 1,200 feet wide. The project is considered about 90.5 per cent completed. The total ex- penditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $18,685,651.02, of which $13,386,426.29 was for new work and $5,299,224.73 for maintenance. Proposedoperations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to make the following expenditures for continuing work under the project, as follows: New work: Dredging in lateral and lower jetty channels and in other localities where necessary by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, pro rata estimated as chargeable to new work, 5 months, at $18,000 per month --------------------- $90,000. 00 Maintenance: Dredging in lateral and lower jetty channels and in other locali- ties where necessary by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substi- tute, pro rata estimated as chargeable to maintenance, 5 months, at $18,000 per month------- _ ------------------- _ 90, 000. 00 Capping with concrete the submerged portions of the west jetty, about 7,100 linear feet (amount not provided for under outstanding liabilities) -_ _ 330, 000.00 Maintenance dredging in lower portion of Southwest Pass, or at Head of Passes, by U. S. dredge Gulfport, or substitute, 10 months, at $23,000 per month_ ____-- _-_ _-_ __ __ 230, 000. 00 Maintenance of existing structures, engineering, and contin- gencies _._ ---- _____ _ 62, 054, 91 Total maintenance --------------- 712, 054. 91 Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations, July I, 1924_ - -- ____ _ _- 90,822.01 Grand total-___-_ 892, 876. 92 It is expected that the unexpended balance on July 1, 1924 ($892,876.92), will be exhausted by April 30, 1925, and that an addi- tional allotment will be required to continue work until June 30- 1925, and that the rate of expenditures will be as follows: First quarter__---- - $220, 000. 00 Second quarter---- -- - 270, 000. 00 Third quarter ....----- 230, 000. 00 Fourth quarter -- 172, 876. 92 Total---------------- 892, 876. 92 10710--ENG 1924--53 832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($836,000) will be applied to new work and maintenance, as follows: New work: Dredging in lateral and lower jetty channels, and in other locali- ties Where necessary, by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or new Diesel electric dredge, pro rata estimated as chargeable to new work, 8 months, at $18,000 per month------------------- $144, 000 Possible construction of contraction works at head of Southwest Pass ----------------------------------------------------- 175, 000 Total, new work_ 319, 000 Maintenance : Dredging in lateral and lower jettey channels, and in other locali- ties where necessary by U. S. dredge Benyaurd, or substitute, pro rata estimated as chargeable to maintenance, 6 months, at $18,000 per month_ _________ -__ 108, 000 Maintenance dredging in lower portion of Southwest Pass, or at Head of Passes by U. S. dredge Gulfport, or substitute, 12 months, at $23,000 per month------------------------------- 276, 000 Maintenance of existing structures, engineering and contingencies_ 133, 000 Total for maintenance ---------------------------------- 517, 000 Grand total-- 836, 000 Past experience' at South Pass, Head of Passes, and Southwest Pass indicates that provision must be made for the continuous opera- tion of one seagoing dredge for new work and maintenance. An item of $252,000 for the operation of such a dredge for the fiscal year 1926 is included above. Past experience indicates that for the permanent maintenance of an) adequate channel into the head of Southwest Pass, a contraction of the entrance will be necessary. Construction of a series of dikes along the west bank for this purpose during the fiscal year 1925, was discussed, but recent changes in the distribution of flow through the, three passes necessitated holding this work in obeyance. An item of $175,000 is included as a possible expenditure for this pur- pose during the fiscal year 1926, provided conditions at that time are such that this work may then be safely undertaken. Dikes and bulkheads built during the fiscal year 1923 have reduced the width of the channel in the lower end of Southwest Pass. Due to the permeable nature of the dikes, the extent of the contraction the effect will gradually increase during the next few years, as the banks between the dikes are gradually built up by deposition of sediment. In order that this contraction may not cause a diversion of water from Southwest Pass to the other passes while the formative proc- esses are under way and pending adjustment of the operating forces to the changed conditions, it is essential that a pipe-line dredge be continuously operated with a view to aiding the currents in estab- lishing a new and deeper section. The same dredge will be utilized part of the time at the head of Southwest Pass in obtaining and maintaining a suitable channel through the bar at that locality. An amount of $276,000 for the operation of this dredge during the fiscal year 1926 has been included above. In order that the water discharged by Southwest Pass may have sufficient velocity to maintain a navigable channel between the jetties RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 833 and for a short distance beyond the ends of the jetties, it is essential that the jetties themselves be watertight. During the fiscal years 1922, 1923, and 1924, about 13,200 linear feet were capped with con- crete. At the present time, there is a stretch of about 7,100 linear feet of the west jetty subject to overflow. The persistent shoaling that has occurred in the lower portion of the jetty channel during the past few years, is partially attributable to the loss of water over the jetties, and it is considered essential for the early attainment of project depths in this locality, that provision be made for capping the above stretch of the west jetty during the fiscal year 1925, for which an item of $330,000 is included in the above estimate. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of foreign and domestic commerce for the past five years for the " Passes of the Mississippi River " is a follows: Comparative statement Foreign Domestic Total Calen- dar ryearSPas- Short tons Value sen- Short tons Value Pas- sen- Short tons Value Pas- sen- gers gers gers 1919 -..__. 7, 083, 888 1$734, 398, 471 8, 367 1, 811, 793 $140, 839, 185 __. 18, 895, 681 1$875, 237, 656 8, 367 1920 ___ 110, 627, 253 1980, 711, 869 .. 1, 196, 610 85, 923, 007 ....... - 1 11, 823, 863 11, 066, 634, 876 --- 1921 ... _ 11, 131, 256 1533, 209, 515 ------- 1, 802, 274 71, 233, 637 . _ _- . 112, 933, 530 1 604, 443, 152 - 1922 - - 1 10, 213, 939 1483, 070, 439 __1 -. 2, 650, 060 134, 494, 892 ....-- 112, 863, 999 1 617, 565, 331 - 1923 ..---- 19, 239, 546 1473, 165, 501 . . 4,.385, 166 150, 381, 401_ -_ 1 13, 624, 712 1 623, 546, 902 1 Does not include cargoes in transit. Cargoes in transit, 1923: Short tons, 2,354,634; value, $250,471,586. The principal items of commerce were : Imports-Bananas, coffee, molasses, sugar, sisal, burlaps, mahogany, crude mineral oil, and soda nitrate. Exports-Lard, corn, rice, wheat, flour, leaf tobacco, cotton, lumber, boards, oils, iron and steel, and manufactures thereof. Do- mestic receipts-Canned goods, bagging, oils, stone, phosphate rock, soap, and soap powders. Domestic shipment-Flour, lumber and manufactures thereof, oils, salt, rice, sugar, cotton linters, packing- house products, canned goods, grain and grain products, molasses, naval stores, box shooks, petroleum and its products, stone, iron and steel manufactures, fertilizer, miscellaneous. The commercial statistics are those for the " Passes of the Mis- sissippi River," which consist of South and Southwest Passes. Most of the commerce uses South Pass. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $273,123.83: New work-------------------------------------------$14, 307, 469. 30 Maintenance ------------------------------------------- 5, 299, 224. 73 Net total expended--------- -------------------------- 19, 606, 694. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report_ --------- 20, 499, 570. 95 834 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1------ $1, 310, 785. 68 $1, 076, 223. 71 $343, 957. 26 $1,340, 878. 97 $275, 191. 90 Expended for maintenance 1... I 232, 024. 97 295, 928. 28 446, 955. 17 578, 688. 66 920, 989. 64 T otal expended 1 _........ 1, 542, 810. 65 1, 372, 151. 99 790, 912. 43 1, 919, 567. 63 1, 196, 181. 54 Appropriated or allotted-.. ...... 800, 000. 00 700, 000. 00 2, 138, 000. 00 800, 000. 00 1, 040, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____ ___ $1, 043, 990. 01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proted March 2, 1923_ _ - 230, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1.924_ _._ _- 810, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_______________ 5, 068. 45 2. 089, 058. 46 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work -___ -$275, 191.90 For maintenance - 920, 989. 64 1, 196, 181. 54 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended____ _________________ 892, 876. 92 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities______________ 79, 062. 01 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- _- tracts ------------------ __ -- 11,760.00 - 90, 822. 01 July 1, 1924, balance available 802, 054. 91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------- 21, 316, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work.- --.----- _ _ 2 319, 000. 00 For maintenance _ 2517, 000. 00 Total_. S--------------836,000.00 2. SOUTH PASS CHANNEL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. (MAINTENANCE.) (A2) Location and description.-South Pass, flowing south 32 ° east, is the smallest of the three main outlets of the Mississippi River. Its length, from Head of Passes to the Gulf of Mexico, is about 13 miles, and its average width is 750 feet. It is a tidal stream, but during about eight months each year the flow is chiefly influenced by river floods. The discharge and fall of water surface vary from 0 during low stages to about 175,000 second feet and 0.31 foot per mile, respectively, during floods. Its average flood discharge during flood of 1923 was 18.3 per cent of the water at Head of Passes. The entrance is 107.5 miles from New Orleans, La.; 141 mlies from Mobile, Ala., no the east; and 349 miles from Galveston, Tex., on the west. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1115.) Original condition.South Pass was not used for navigation. It was obstructed at its mouth by a bar which had a depth of 9 feet I Not deducting rceipts fromr siales,, etc. Z Exclusive of available: funds.. RIVERS AND' HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 835 and at its head by a bar with a depth of 13 feet at low water. Be- tween these bars the channel was 27 feet to 30 feet in depth. Its length before prolongation by the jetties was 113/4 miles, and its width varied from 530 to 850 feet. There were two entrances from the river, and also two prominent side outlets. Variation in water surface at Head of Passes due to river floods was about 4 feet, reducing to zero at the mouth. Previous projects.-None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project authorized James B. Eads and associates to construct such permanent and sufficient jetties and auxiliary works as are necessary to secure and maintain for a period of 20 years through the pass a channel 26 feet in depth and not less than 200 feet wide at the bottom and having through it a central depth of 30 feet, without regard to width, at the termination of the maintenance period the channel to be maintained by the United States; construction and maintenance of sill and submerged deflect- ing dikes across head of South Pass and maintenance of sill across Pass a Loutre, removal of West Dike, and construction of submerged and spur dikes at Head of Passes; for dredging a channel 35 feet deep, no width specified, through the shoals in the river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, 31/2 miles; and for a seaward exten- sion of the west jetty at mouth of pass. The plane of reference is mean low water. Variation of water surface is 16 inches at the mouth and 10 inches at the head, due to tide. The extreme range of tide at the mouth is 28 inches. East jetty foundation is 12,070 feet long. Inner east jetty is 11,170 feet. long. The west jetty is 7,820 feet long. Inner west jetty is 4,710 feet long. The jetties are com- posed of a substructure of brush mattresses surmounted by a super- structure of concrete. Auxiliary works are spur dikes and inner jetties, which are composed of a crib work of round piling filled with willows and stone. The amount paid James B. Eads and associates was $8,000,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, amended by acts of June 19, 1878, and March 3, 1879. The emergency act of June 6, 1900, provided for the maintenance by the United States and appropriated a sum not exceeding $100,000 annually for this work. The river and harbor act of May 28, 1908, authorized dredging in the river. The removal of West Dike and construction of spur dikes and bank revetment at Head of Passes were based on the additional works planned in 1916 by the Board of Engineer Officers appointed by the Secretray of War for South- west Pass (Annual Report for 1916, pp. 2420-2426) . For latest published map see page 2656 of Annual Report for 1919. LRecommended mrodifcations of project.-None. Local cooperation. There is no local cooperation imposed by law. L'erinimal facilities.-For description of the public docks, ware- houses, wharf sheds, industrial canal, and quartermaster storehouse at New Orleans, La., see report for Southwest Pass, Mississippi River. Effect of improvement.--The navigable depth of the channel has increased from 9 to 33 feet at the mouth and from 13 to 36 feet at the head of the pass. Larger and deeper draft vessels are permitted 836 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 to enter the harbor at New O leans, La., giving that city high rank as a seaport. Larger cargoes are carried for coastwise and foreign commerce. Operations and results during the fcisal year.-A total of 164,824 cubic yards of material was dredged from the bar channel, at an expenditure of $11,673.80. Jetties and auxiliary works were main- tained. A cave in the inner east jetty, which occurred during the previous fiscal year, was flanked with 714 linear feet of concrete capping placed on a base of brush and stone. Other minor repairs were made to the inner east jetty near its inshore end by addition of stone. Total expenditure for maintenance of inner jetties was $7,290.03. Two small revetted spillways were constructed through the narrow portions of the banks of the pass for strengthening these banks, at an expenditure of $6,727.32. Dikes and other structures at Head of Passes were maintained and strengthened, at an expendi- ture of $31,717.96, and shore and floating plants at Port Eads and Head of Passes were maintained and minor additions made thereto at an expenditure of $87,989.87. The above works were by hired labor and United States plant. By contract, one new spur dike and extensions to two existing dikes on the east bank of the river above Head of Passes were completed, the expenditure for this work dur- ing the year being $42,647.94. Under another contract, the head- land between South and Southwest Passes was extended upstream for a distance of 1,300 feet, and the existing sill across head of South Pass extended to a section about 50 feet above the upper end of the new headland with brush mattresses, forming a revetment of the bed of the pass between the headland and the opposite bank. The purpose of this work was to divert part of the flow from South to Southwest Pass. The expenditure was $478,742.19. One steel barge was constructed by contract, at an expenditure of $18,690. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $694,421.09, all chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal yearr.-Improvemnent begun by James B. Eads in 1875 comprised east and west jetties at the mouth, with lengths of 12,070 and 7,820 feet, respectively : 36 spur dikes between the jetties; two mattress sills and various dikes at the Head of Passes; and dredging the channel. These works were completed on July 8, 1879, when the 20-year period of maintenance by contract began. Two side outlets were closed 'and spur dikes were built in two locali- ties in South Pass. Inner east and west jetties, with lengths of 11,170 feet and 4,710 feet, respectively, were completed in 1886. The channel was dredged for about 1,230 days. The amounts paid to James B. Eads and associates for improvement and maintenance were $8,000,000. The, contract ended January 28, 1901. Since January 28, 1901, the pass has been maintained by the United States. The work done includes an extension of 872 linear feet on the shoreward end of the inner east jetty; dredging 9,724,201 cubic yards of material from the channel; placing of a mattress sill 'across head of South Pass, and an upstream extension 1,300 feet long, of the headland between South and Southwest Passes; sinking of 213,798 square yards of mattresses for bank protection purposes at the head of the pass: construction of spur dikes above Head of Passes; and placing of a submerged deflecting dike across the head of Pass a l'Outre. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 837 The discharge of South Pass, in terms of the percentage of the total discharge of the river at Head of Passes during the current flood season, as compared to the floods of 1921, 1922, and 1923, is shown below : Discharge of South Pass (in per cent of flow at Head of Passes) 1921 ------------------------------------------- 146 1.922 -------------------------------------------------- 15.4 1923 ----- 8. 3 1-------------------------------- 1924 (to June 30) ------ ___--------- --------------- 17. 3 The above figures indicate that the enlargement South Pass, which was under way between 1921 and 1923, has been checked by the measures undertaken at both South and Southwest Passes during the year, having that end in view. The figures show an actual reduction in flow through South Pass since 1923. Along the narrow stretches of the banks of the pass, a series of small revetted spillways have been constructed during the past three years, and additional spillways are contemplated, their purpose be- ing to induce deposits in the bay and ultimately widen the banks. Frequent surveys made beyond the mouths of some of these spill- ways indicate that they will fully accomplish the purpose for which designed. On June 30, 1923, controlling channel conditions obtained at the sea entrance to the jetties, wherg there was a channel 33 feet deep and 330 feet wide. The width of the 30 foot channel at this locality was 700 feet. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year have been $12,417,113.47, of which $8,000,000 was for new work, and $4,417,- 113.47 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to make the following expenditures, including the $100,000 fiscal year appropriation, in maintenance, as follows: Dredging channel by U. S. dredge Benyaurd or Gulfport, as may be necessary ._ - . -------- $25, 000. 00 Ordinary maintenance of inner jetties _____ - 15, 000.,00 Construction and maintenance of outlets through banks ._._.... 10, 000. 00 Maintenance of dikes and other structures at Head of Passes ___ 15, 000. 00 Upkeep of shore and floating plants at Port Eads and Head of Passes ------------------------------------------- --- 35, 000. 00 Available for contingencies or for additional work ---------- 90, 453. 49 Payment of outstanding liabilities and contract obligations July 1, 1924 -------------- ---- 7---------------------- 7, 592. 63 Total_------------------------------------------ 198, 046. 12 It is expected that the unexpended balance on July 1, 1924 ($198,046.12) will be exhausted between April 30 and June 30, 1925, depending upon the extent to which additional or emergency work that can not be foreseen at present, will be required, that an addi- tional allotment may accordingly be necessary to continue work until June 30, 1925, and that the rate of expenditures during the fiscal year 1925 will be approximately as follows: First quarter--------- -------- $40, 000. 00 Second quarter__ 45, 000. 00 Third quarter_ - - 48, 000. 00 Fourth quarter__ 65, 046. 12 Total --------------- 198, 046. 12 838 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926 ($100,000), in addition to the permanent annual appropriation for that year, will be applied to such maintenance work that developments may indicate as necessary to preserve the integrity of the Pass. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Southwest Pass. Financial samnmaryi Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $79,347.45: New work -------------------------------------------- $8, 000, 000. 00 Maintenance ------------------- 4, 417, 113. 47 Net total expended--- 12, 417, 113. 47 Total appropriations to date of this report_ -- - 12, 515, 159. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 I I Expended for new work ... 621.75...$134.891.01.. $421,978.09 $694,--------. 42.. Expended for maintenance I _ $248, 603. 55 $503, 621.75 $134, 891.01 $421,978. 09 $694, 421. 09 Appropriated or allotted ... - 111, 361. 13 97, 813. 65 705, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 190, 000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpentd -6- , 591. 44 Amount appropriated from river a nd harbor act approved June 6. 1900 for fiscal year 1924_ ____100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924_ __ 9, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_-_ 4, 875. 77 892, 467. 21 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Southwest Pass, Misississippi River, La__ - -- 100, 000. 00 792, 467. 21 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance_ 1'694, 421. 09 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 98, 046. 12 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 7, 592. 63 July 1, 1924, balance available ---------------------------- __ 90, 453. 49 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance___---------------------------------- 2100, 000. 00 3. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS AT SOUTH PASS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, LA. (A3) Location and description.--(See p. 834.) Original condition.- (See p. 834.) Previous projects.--None. For scope of improvements of mouths of the Mississippi River, see page 1847, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--The existing project provides for making ex- aminations and surveys of the outer channel in the Gulf of Mexico, I N~t deducting eceipts fr-om sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available~ funds. RIVERS AND IHARBORS---NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 839 throughout the Pass, and at the Head of Passes, and dredging shoals in river between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes where necessary to secure a depth of 35 feet with practical width. The project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1875. The act of August 11, 1888, appropriated a sum not exceeding $10,000 annuauly for this work. The act of June 13, 1902, authorized a continuation of mak- ing examinations, notwithstanding, the termination of the contract with the late James B. Eads, and the act of May 28, 1908, added the dredging of shoals in the river. For the latest charts of South Pass and Head of Passes, see page 2656 of Annual Report for 1915. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. See report for Southwest Pass. Terminal facilities.-None. See report for Southwest Pass. Effect of imnprovement.-For information as to increase in depth obtained in the South Pass Channel, see report for that improve- ment. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Operationsduring the fiscal year consisted in making frequent examinations and surveys in the channels at the head and mouth of the pass and through the pass proper, and performing mis:cellaneous survey work in connection with dredging, navigation, construction work in progress, and investigations and studies under way. In the channel at the head of the pass the depth varied from 31 to 36 feet during the year, with ample width for navigation. Through the pass proper a channel of from 35 to 38 feet deep and about 400 feet in width, was uniformly maintained. In the entrance at the mouth of the pass there was throughout the year a 30-foot channel from 500 to 800 feet in width, with central depths of from 30 to 34.4 feet. Systematic measurements of the discharge through the three main outlets are made during the cycle of each river flood. During the current flood which has: not yet ended, 15 measurements showed the average distribution of flow at Head of Passes to have been as follows: South Pass, 17.4 per cent; Southwest Pass, 37.8 per cent; Pass a IPOutre, 44.9 per cent. Dis- charge measurements were also taken near the lower end of South- west Pass. Continuous records of the water level at each end of the pass were kept. Other miscellaneous survey work was carried on. The U. S. survey boat Balize was operated continuously, and the U. S. launch Reese used occasionally when necessary. The total amount expended during the year was $10,905.57, charged to main- tenance. Conditions at the end of the fiscal year.-The project is for main- tenance. The contract with James B. Eads was completed during the fiscal year 1901. On June 30, 1924, the ruling depth was 33 feet at mean low water. The condition throughout the channel during the fiscal year was satisfactory land well in excess of project requirements. There were eight navigation accidents during the year, none of which were due to any deficiency in the width or depth of the channel. There has been expended a total of $497,914.64 for examinations and surveys, chargeable to maintenance. Proposed operations.-The annual appropriation of $10,000, avail- able July 1, 1924, for fiscal year 1925, will be expended for main- 10710--ENG 1924---54 840 REPO'R OF .CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 tenance in making examinations and surveys in accordance with the project. It is estimated that an average of $833.33 will be spent each month for surveys, exhausting the funds available by June 30, 1925. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1926 are necessary, as the annual appropriation of $10,000, available July 1, 1925, will be suf- ficient to carry on the work in accordance with the project. Commercidl statistics.--See report on Southwest Pass. Financialsummary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $41.17: New work--------------------- Maintenance -------------------------------------------- $497, 914. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 498, 006. 52 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - ---------------------------- Expended for maintenance 1_... $9, 574.91 $10, 112. 61 -------------- $8, 470. 15 --------------------------- $10, 859.06 $10, 905. 57 Appropriated or allotted__ - - 9, 574. 91 10, 112. 61 8, 470. 15 10, 859. 06 10, 905. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------- ------------ $997. 45 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, for fiscal year 1924__---------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 10, 997. 45 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 10, 905. 57 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------- 91. 88 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities 1. 88 9------------------------ CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMVIARY FOR GROUP A Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $352,512.45: New work_______________________-__-___ $22, 307, 469. 30 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 10, 214, 252. 84 Net total expended-----------------------------------32, 521, 722. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 33, 512, 737. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1--......$1,4310, 9 0 , 785. 2 0 3 . 68 8076, 4 3 $1, 0 9, 6223. 6 2 . 671 4 $343, 1 6 . 26 5 9 0 , 3957. 3 3 $1, 1, 0340, 1 1 , 878. 5 2 5 . 97 1 1,$275, 1 6 . 90 6 26 , 3191. 30 Expended for maintenance 1 .... 8 Total expended 1--....-. 1, 800, 989. 11 1, 885, 896. 35 934, 273. 59 2, 352, 404. 78 1,901, 508. 20 Appropriated or allotted.....--------- 921, 612. 01 807, 885. 09 2, 851, 470. 15 1, 310, 859. 06 1, 240, 905. 57 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 841 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $1, 742, 578.90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923. . -.. ------- -- 130, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved June 6, 1900, for fiscal year 1924_-------------------- 100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924_------------------------------ 900, 000. 00 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, for fiscal year 1924 __--- - _ 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924- 9, 944. 22 2, 892, 523. 12 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work_ $275, 191. 90 For maintenance 1, 626, 316. 30 1, 901, 508. 20 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended 991. 014. 92 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ 86, 746. 52 July 1, 1924, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --.. -__ ____ .__ .. . 11, 760.0 0 98, 506. 52 July 1, 1924, balance available 892, 508. 40 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- 21, 316, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926: For new work --- ----- 2 319, 000. 00 For maintenance - 2 617, 000. 00 Total---------------- 2 936, 000. 00 LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN: OHEFUNCTE RIVER AND BOGUE FALIA; PASS MANCHAC : TICKFAW, NATALBANY, PONCHATOULA, AND BLOOD RIVERS; AND AMITE RIVER AND BAYOU MANCHAC. LA. (GROUP B) 4. LAKE PONCHARTRAIN, LA. (B1) The project was completed in 1917; no expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and no, balance is available. No work is now proposed, as the improvement is considered adequate for the existing commerce. For a full description of this project, see Annual Report for 1923, page 846. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years, is as follows: C'omnparative statement Total Total Calendar year year Calendar yer Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers ----------- 1919 426, 562 $14, 208, 851 7, 750 1922 - - 465, 714 $4, 199, 656 11, 399 1920 ..-....... 412,529 19,574, 210 5, 000 1923_ _ 667,529 6, 661,151 84,299 1921 __ - -______ 468,951 8,052,090 5,000 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, I., S. ARMY, 1924 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of sugar, oysters, shells, crossties, laths, lumber, logs, wood, bricks, char- coal and sand. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 8 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $325.94: New work_ - . - - $56, 372. 22 Maintenance 1, 766. 55 Net total expended 58, 138. 77 Total appropriations to date of this report - 58, 138. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work I i Expended for maintenance 1 $1,097.75 $151.80 $8. 09 $19. 42 $0. 10 Appropriated or allotted ..-.... .... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended $0. 05 Receipts from sales, etc.. durin fiscal year 1024____________________ .05 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year. for maintenance ... . 10 5. CHEFUNCTE RIVER AND BOGUE FALIA, LA. (B2) Location and descriptiot. The Chefuncte River rises in the upper portions of Tangipahoa and Washington Parishes, La., 'and flows southerly into Lake Pontchartrain, opposite New Orleans. The distance from New Orleans to the mouth of Chefuncte River by water via New Basin Canal is 31 miles. The Bogue Fali'a rises in the lower portion of Washington Parish, La., and flows in a south- erly direction, joining the Chefuncte River 101/ miles above Lake Pontchartrain. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 193.), The distance from the mouth to the source is 'about .70 miles. The portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to, Covington, on the Bogue Falia, a distance of 14/2 miles. The Chefuncte River has widths of 300 to 800 feet and the Bogue Falia of 130 to 200 feet. The streams are tidal, and the water- shed area is about, 387 square nilles. The discharge 'at low water is about 60 second-feet, at high water about 5,t)() second-feet, and at average stage about 500 second-feet. Oriqinnal co 1dition.- The Chefuncte River, from its mnouth to the Bogue Falia, a distance of about 101/ mi.les, varied in1 width froim 250 to 800 feet and in depth from 15 to 30) feet at low water, but was obstructed by a bar at its mouth over which there was a, depth of 51/ feet at mean low tide I this depth was. fully i foot less during northers. Above its junction with the Bogue Falia, the Chefuncte River had a rapid current and tortuous course, through which very small schooners could navigate for about 3 miles. The Bogue Falia, from its mouth to Covington, a distance of 4 miles, varied in width from 60 to 200 feet and in depth from 4 to 20 feet at mean low Gulf. For 2 miles below Covington the channel RIVERS AND ]HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA. DISTRICT 843 was obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, wrecks, bars, 'and sharp bends, and was navigable for small schooners only. Above Coving- ton only timber-raft navigation was possible. Steamers could use the waterway from the mouth of the Chefuncte River to 2 miles below Covington. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of 1872 provided for removal of the wreck of the gunboat Oregon from the Chefuncte River. This work was performed in 1872-73, at a cost of $5,221, which was expended for new work prior to, the adoption of the exist- ing project in 1881. For further details of previous projects see page 731, Annual Report for 1913. Existing project.-This provides for dredging the bar at the mouth of the Chefuncte River, in Lake Pontchartrain, and for dredging and removing obstructions from the Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia to Covington, La. The total length of improvement is 141/2 miles. The width and depth are not specified in the project. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide at the mouth is about 10 inches, and near Covington about 3 inches, and the extreme range about 14 inches and 5 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in the upper Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, due to floods is about 8 feet; that in the lower Chefuncte River at Lake Pontchar- train, due to winds, is about 3 feet. The estimated cost for new work, adopted in 1881, was $5,460 and is exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance, although in the Annual Report for 1889 an annual estimate of $1,000 was recommended. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 54. 46th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is printed opposite page 2437 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of projeet.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities. Terminals are located at Madisonville, Houl- tonville, and Covington. At Madisonville there are two private warehouses; boats discharge their cargo directly into the'warehouses. There is a well-constructed wharf and landing at Houltonville. The terminals at Covington consist of two dilapidated warehouses, which are badly in need of repair. The banks in the upper courses are gen- erally firm and high; landings are made directly on the banks in some of these places. With the exception of the warehouses at Cov- ington, the terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveent.-The improvement has made it possible for larger boats to use the streams. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the streams was exercised. The channel through the bar at the mouth of Chefuncte River was redredged to dimensions of 10 by 100 feet in April, 1924, by the U. S. dredge Delatour;this channel is 2,300 feet long and runs from near the Inner Day Beacon to the 10 foot contour in Lake Pontchartrain. The total excavation was 24,305 cubic yards, the work being much delayed by stormy weather. The sum of $4,168.10, charged to maintenance, was expended during the 844 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 fiscal year for this dredging, including the proportionate cost of travel of dredge. Condition at end of fisca :yea.'--Tie obstructions in Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia were originally removed in 1886, and the channel through the bar originally dredged in 1903, thus completing the existing project. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1924, were 10 feet over bar at mouth of Chefuncte River, 8 feet in the river and in Bogue Falia to 1 mile below Covington, and from this point to the town 3.5 feet, available throughout the year. The channel is in good condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at Coy- ington, 14.5 miles above the mouth of the Chefuncte Tiver. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $46,443.73, of which $19,342.24 was for new work, and $27,101.49 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No founds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comaativztu e statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ------1 9 1, 4 8 4 $5, 565, 78 0 7 , 50 0 19 2 2 - ........ 81, 974 $1, 289, 818 5, 000 1920.......... 190, 351 1, 582, 839 5, 000 1923 ......... 76,869 915, 429 9, 705 1921.......... 251, 682 1,752, 947 5,000 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of lumber, logs, wood, bricks, sand, and miscellaneous merchandise. The draft. of vessels varied from 3 feet to 9 feet. Finaacialsummar Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $43.33: New work -------------------------- ------- $24, 563. 24 --- Maintenance ------------- ---- 27, 101. 49 Net total expended_ - ------- 51, 664.73 Total appropriations to date of this report 51, 664.73 Fiscal year ending June 30 192 Expended for new work---------------- Expended for maintenance $ Appropriated or allotted----- -- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 845 July 1,1923, balance unexpended---------------------- ------------ $168. 10 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923_------------------- --------------------------- 4, 000. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 4, 168.10 6. PASS MANCHAC, LA. (B3) Location and description.-PassManchac is a tidal pass or bayou which rises in Lake Maurepas and flows in a general easterly direc- tion into Lake Pontchartrain at a point 29 miles from New Orleans. It has a length of about 7 miles and a width of about 800 feet; the entire pass is under improvement. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1269.) The drainage area is 3,200 square miles. The discharge at low water is 480 second-feet, at high water 48,000 second-feet, and at average stage 4,000 second-feet. The stream is tidal throughout. Original condition.-There were a few snags in Pass Manchac proper, but the principal obstructions were sunken logs or stumps in or near the channels over the bars at either end of the pass. The depths throughout Pass Manchac were from 18 to 50 feet, mean low Gulf, and the width approximately 800 feet. The depth over the bar at the Lake Maurepas entrance was 6 feet. Opposite the entrance to Lake Pontchartrain was an extensive bar or shoal. The least depth of water over this shoal was 3 feet, and it entirely masked a direct entrance into the pass, extending 1 mile on either side. As a result 'there were formed two channels into the pass from Lake Pontchartrain, one around the north end of the shoal and the other around the south end. The least depth in the latter channel was 7 feet and in the former 6 feet. The entire stream was navigable for steamers and other craft. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, etc., throughout the pass, which is 7 miles long, and from the bars at the entrance into the pass. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches and the extreme range about 14 inches. At times high winds may cause a rise of about 4 feet. The estimated cost, adopted in 1910, was $6,000 for new work and $250 for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 882, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is printed opposite page 2436 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.None. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities. Effect of improvement.-The main benefit has been in facilitating navigation for vessels which ply the Amite River, Bayou Manchac, Tickfaw River and tributaries and use this pass to reach New Orleans, La. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General super- vision over the stream was exercised. The south channel through 846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 the bar at the Lake Pontchartrain end of Pass Manchac was re- dredged to 7 by 100 feet in April and May, 1924, by the U. S. dredge Delatour. This channel is 3,200 feet long, and connects the 7-foot contour in the pass with the same contour in the lake, its center line lying 125 feet west of the beacon and running in a straight line to the. lighthouse. The total excavation was 17,060 cubic yards, the work being much hampered by encountering numerous stumps. The sum of $1,745.76, charged to maintenance, was expended during the fiscal year for this dredging, including the proportionate cost of travel of dredge. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1924, was 7 feet in both entrances, available throughout the year. The channel is in good condition. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $5,804.17, of which $1,374.10 was for new work, and $4,430.07 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is con- templated. Commercial statistics. A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ----.... 38,629 $2,057,049 .250 1922---------- 31,096 $1,923,434 602 1920 -- --- 35,511 1,980,380 250 1923---------- 39, 932 1,023,364 823 -... 1921 --.-. 30,709 1,699,913 212 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of potatoes, crossties, lumber, wood, and miscellaneous. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924: New work __------------------------------------------------$1, 374. 10 Maintenance ------------------------------------ _ 4,430. 07 Net total expended--------------------- 5, 804. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- _ 5,804. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work---- - -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Expended for m aintenance - - $85. 00 - -$1, 57 $101. $2, 256. 84 -po- 745. 76 e Appropriated or allotted _ . ._. __. 2, 804. 17- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ __ $1,745. 76 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1, 745. 76 RIVERS AND, HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 847 7. TICKFAW, NATALBANY, PONCHATOULA, AND BLOOD RIVERS, LA. (B4) Location and description.-The Tickfaw River rises in the extreme southwestern part of the State of Mississippi and flows in a south- erly direction to Lake Maurepas. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 193.) It is joined by the Natalbany River 2 miles above its mouth and by the Blood River 7- miles above its mouth. The Ponchatoula River is a tributary of the Natalbany River, joining it 4 miles above its junction with the Tickfaw. The Tickfaw River has surface widths varying from 500 to 50 feet from its mouth to 26 miles above its mouth. Over the bar at the mouth there is a channel 200 feet wide, with a center depth of 7 feet, mean low Gulf. The river is 7 feet deep to mile 10, and 6 feet deep from mile 10 to mile 26. The section under improvement is 26 miles. The system is tidal and has a combined watershed area of about 730 square miles. The discharge at low water is 110 second-feet, at high water 11,000, second-feet, and at average stage 920 second-feet. The distance from the source of the Tickfaw River to Lake Maurepas is about 105 miles. The Natalbany River flows into the Tickfaw River about 2 miles above its entrance into Lake Maurepas. It has surface widths vary- ing from 225 to 100 feet to 10 miles above its mouth, with depths varying from 8 to 27 feet. The section under improvement is 10 miles. The Blood River flows into the Tickfaw River about 71/2 miles above its entrance into Lake Maurepas. It has surface widths of 250 to 45 feet to 4 miles above its mouth, with depths varying from 6.5 to 21 feet. The section under improvement is 4 miles. -The Ponchatoula River flows into the Natalbany River at about 3- miles above its junction with the Tickfaw River. It has surface widths varying from 160 to 50 feet to 4 miles above its entrance into the Tickfaw, with depths varying from 9 to 19 feet. The section under improvement is 4 miles. Original condition.-The head of navigation on Tickfaw River was at a point 16 miles above its mouth. The stream had a minimum depth of 6 feet to that point and widths of 50 to 500 feet. A bar tended to form at the mouth, over which there was 7 feet of water. Above the 16-mile point the stream shoaled rapidly and was greatly obstructed with snags, logs, fallen and overhanging trees. The Natalbany River was navigable to Springfield, La., 10 miles above its junction with the Tickfaw, and had a minimum depth of 81 feet to this point and widths of 100 to 225 feet. The Blood River was navigable for 4 miles above its junction with the Tickfaw, having a minimum depth of 6.5 feet to this point and widths of 45 to 250 feet. The Ponchatoula River was navigable for 4 miles above its junc- tion with the Natalbany, having a minimum depth of 9 feet and widths of 50 to 160 feet. All of these streams were obstructed with snags. logs, fallen and overhanging trees from their mouths to their heads of navigation, but considerable commerce existed, and at time of first examination and survey in 1879 there were three to four schooners per week navigating these waters, besides rafting of considerable quantities of timber. Previous projects.-None. 848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARM Y, 1924 Existing project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions in the Tickfaw River from its mouth to a point 26 miles above; on the Blood River from its mouth to the head of navigation, about 4 miles; and on the Natalbany and Ponchatoula Rivers for a distance of 152miles, the total length of improvements being 452 miles. Un- der ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth of the Tickfaw River and about 3 inches at the head of navigation on each stream. Extreme range of tide is about 14 inches at the mouth of the Tickfaw River and about 6 inches at the head of navigation on each stream. The extreme variation of water surface due to freshets is about 9 feet in the upper reaches of all streams and about 30 inches at the mouth of the Tickfaw River. The estimate for new work adopted in 1881 was $10,230. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 54, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and An- nual Report for 1880, p. 1182). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2439 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--These streams have adequate terminal fa- cilities in the nature of small private wharves located at Killian, La., on the Tickfaw River; at the Springfield Lumber Co.'s mill and at Springfield, La., on the Natalbany River; and at Wades- boro, on the Ponchatoula River. All unloading is done by hand. The banks afford suitable landing places for discharging and re- ceiving cargo. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The general navigability of the streams has been improved, and larger boats are now able to use the water- ways. Operations and results during fiscal year.-General supervision over the streams was exercised. The sum of 44 cents, charged to maintenance, was expended during the fiscal year for supervision and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1921. The controlling depths, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1924, and available throughout the year, were as follows: Tick- faw River, 7 feet on bar at entrance, 16.5 feet to mile, 10, and 6 feet to mile 26; Natabany River, 8.5 feet to, mile 10; Ponchatoula River, 12.5 feet to mile 3.75, thence 9 feet to mile 4, and not navigable above mile 4; Blood River, 7 feet to mile 3.75, thence 6.5 feet to mile 4. Mile 0 is at mouth of stream in each case. The streams are in fair condition, except for a few obstructions in the channels. Head of navigation for boat traffic on Tickfaw River is at mile 18; on Natalbany River at mile 10, and on Ponchatoula and Blood Rivers at mile 4. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $25,095.60, of which $8,115,49 was for new work, and $16,980.11 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1924 ($68.56) in maintenance, for supervision and office expenses, as may be necessary. RIVERS A2ND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA.) DISTRICT 849 No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 ...... . 73,450 $1,247,514 _ . 1922_ _-- - - 41,1.26 $354,656 . 1920 ------ 60,806 1,201,715-----------1923 ...---------- 55,202 526,149 1921- - _- 46,659 862,365 - - -- I The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of lumber, logs, wood, and shells. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. Financialsumnary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.25: New work ------------------------------------------------ $8, 115.49 Maintenance ------------------------------- 16, 980. 11 Net total expended--------------- 25, 095. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- _25, 164. 16 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work_ Expended for maintenance 1--..... $95.20 $272.80 $16.70 $0.44 Appropriated or allotted ..... . . ....... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------------- $69. 00 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- .. . 44 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended----------------------------------- 68. 56 8. AMITE RIVER AND BAYOU MANCHAC, LA. (B5) Location and description.-The Amite River has its headwaters in the State of Mississippi, flows in a generally southerly direction, and empties into Lake Maurepas. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) It is joined by Bayou Manchac about 353/4 miles above Lake Maurepas. The distance from the source of the Amite to Lake Maurepas is about 170 miles. Amite River is tidal to Bayou Manchac and has surface widths ranging from 120 to 300 feet. Bayou Manchac extends from near the Mississippi River east- wardly to Amite River, is 183/4 miles long, and has surface widths of from 80 to 125 feet. 850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The area of watershed of the Amite River and Bayou Manchac is about 1,800 square miles. The discharge of this system at low water is about 270 second-feet, at high water about 27,000 second-feet, and at average stage about 2,250 second-feet. Original condition.-The Amite River from Lake Maurepas to Bayou Manchac, a distance of about 353/4 miles, had widths from 125 to 300 feet, depths from 10 to 30 feet, except at the mouth, where a bar existed over which there was a depth of 5 to 6 feet at low water. For 73 miles above Bayou Manchac the Amite River had widths from 100 to 200 feet and depths from 1 to 15 feet at low water. The stream was obstructed with snags, fallen and overhanging trees, and logs. Bayou Manchac was at one time an outlet of the Mississippi River and was closed by a dam at its upper end in 1828. From its mouth to Hope Villa, a distance of about 7 miles, Bayou Manchac had widths from '80 to 125 feet and depths from 8 to 15 feet, except at its mouth in the Amite, where a bar existed over which there was a depth of 4 to 5 feet at low water. This section was slightly ob- structed. Above Hope Villa the bayou was navigable for 4 miles only, as the upper bayou became dry in low water and was ob- structed with snags, fallen and overhanging trees, etc. Prior to improvement some navigation existed on the, lower Amite and Bayou Manchac, a small steamer having regular trips to Hope Villa, on Bayou Manchac. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions in the Amite River from its mouth to 731/2 miles above its junction with Bayou Manchac, a total distance of 110 miles, and for the con- centration of the channel by the closure of island chutes. It also provides for the improvement of Bayou Manchac by snagging and dredging from its mouth to 111/4 miles above and for the dredging of a turning basin at or near the mouth of Wards Creek, for which no depth and width were specified. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide in the, Amite River is about 10 inches near the mouth and about 4 inches at, Bayou Manchac, and the extreme ranges about 14 inches and 6 inches respectively. The mean range of tide in the improved section of Bayou Manchac is about 4 inches and the extreme about 6 inches. A variation of water surface of from 6 to 12 feet sometimes occurs in the upper Amite River and Bayou Manchac, due to freshets. A rise of 30 inches in the lower Amite River is sometimes caused by high winds. The estimated cost of the new work on the Amite River, adopted in 1880, was $23,760. The estimated cost of the new work of removing obstructions in Bayou Manchac, adopted in 1888, was $731.25, and for dredging a turning basin, adopted in 1892, $2,500. There is no, approved estimate for the cost of annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the removal of obstructions in the Amite River (H. Ex. Doec. No. 54, 46th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the removal of ob- structions in Bayou Manchac (Annual Report of 1882, p. 1414); and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for dredging a turning basin at or near the mouth of Wards Creek. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2440 of the Annual Report for 1916. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 851 Recommended modifications of piroject.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a small warehouse at Clio and one :at Port Vincent, and a small wharf at Maurepas. In the upper reaches where the banks are high, landings are made on the bank. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing commerce. 'There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in a safer .and better means of water transportation on both streams, serving a territory practically not reached by any railroads. Operations and results durinig fiscal year:.--General supervision over the streams was exercised. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing prqi as com- pleted in 1921. The controlling depths, mean low Gui . June 30, 1924, and available throughout the year, were as follow: Amite River, 7 feet on bar at entrance and up to mile 36, thence 5 feet to -mile47; Bayou Manchac, 5 feet on bar at mouth, thence 6 feet to mile 8, Wards Creek. Mile 0 is at mouth of stream in each case. Amite River is in fair condition to the mouth of Bayou Manchac, but above this point the stream has fallen into disuse and is badly obstructed: Bayou Manchac is in poor condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 36 on Amite River and at mile 8 on Bayou IManchac. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $74,143.84, of which $24.900.82 was for new work, and $49,243.02 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1926, in maintenance, by removing snags and overhanging trees with Government plant or by contract, as may be found more ad- vantageous, as follows: Operation of one sn boat -- $4, 500 Supervision and office expe-nse_ 50500 Total _ ------ -- 5,000 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1926 exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance for the last 5 years, due to the fact that no work has been done on Bayou Manchac, where most of the snags are found, since December, 1921. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value Passengers 1919---------- 42,577 $1,293, 274 20, 103 $409, 879 602 1920 ----------- 19, 424 1, 058, 158 38, 876 863, 342 823 1921 -------- .- 20, 989 1, 068, 416 212 852 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of logs, lumber, wood, shells, and miscellaneous merchandise. The draft of vessels varied from 3 to 6 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $611.00: New work ___-- $24, 900. 82 Maintenance ___________________________ 49, 243. 02 Net total expended - 74, 143. 84 Total appropriations to date of this report- 74, 143. 84 Fiscal.,' rr30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-----.. -------------- .--------------------------------------. Expe dedfor Expended for maintenance .. $199. -- 17 $317. 00 $5, --- . 578. 14 --J . 48. $51. /-... Appropriated or allotted .--......---.. .-- _.---------.... .... 6, 543. 86 50.00 .. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------------ -- $5, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMIMARY FOR GROUP B Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $980.52: New work--------------------------------------------- $115, 325. 87 Maintenance- 99, 521. 24 Net total expended __ __ __ __-__-__-________214, 847. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report___ 214, 915. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new w ork ... . .-.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expended for maintenance 1 $1, 567. 89 $1, 048. 67 $7, 875. 27 $92. 30 $5, 914.40 Appropriated or allotted -....- ..-------.--....--. 9, 348. 03 I---_..----- 4, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----__-_________________ _ $1, 982. 91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_________________ . 05 5, 982. 96 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 5, 914, 40 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended__--- 68. 56 6----------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 853 BARATARIA BAY, BAYOUS LAFOURCHE, TERREBONNE, PLAQUIEMINE (INCLUDING GRAND RIVER AND PIGEON BAYOUS), GROSSETETE, AND TECHE, LA. (GROUP C.) 9. BARATARIA BAY, LA. (C1) Location and description.-This waterway extends in a generally southerly direction from the junction of Bayou Villars with Big Barataria Bayou via Big Barataria Bayou, Bayou Dupont, new canal to be dredged, Bayou Cutler, Bayou St. Denis, and Barataria Bay to the east end of Bayou Rigault, a distance of 36.95 miles. The lower end of the bay connects with the Gulf of Mexico through Grand Pass. Barataria Bay is about 7 miles wide and 11 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 196.) The entire waterway is tidal, has a width from 50 feet to 1,800 feet through the bayous and from 5 to 7 miles in Barataria Bay. The area of watershed is difficult to determine accurately, but is estimated at 1,100 square miles, which includes Lake Salvador and Lake Cataouache. The discharge at low water is about 170 second- feet, at extreme high water about 17,000 second-feet, and at an average stage 1,400 second-feet. Original condition.-Big Barataria Bayou from mile 0 to mile 8.6 was 13 to 30 feet deep and 350 to 900 feet wide. Bayou Dupont, for the first 3.1 miles from its head, was from 5 to 8 feet in depth and 120 to 160 feet in width. Bayou Cutler was straight, wide, and deep for 5 miles above its mouth, having a least depth of 8 feet and least width of 150 feet, after which it abruptly contracted to a width of 50 feet and depth of 5 feet. Bayou St. Denis, from the mouth of Bayou Cutler to Barataria Bay, was for the most part in good condition, having depths of from 10 to 22 feet and widths of from 1,200 to 1,800 feet; the entrance into the bay was, however, masked by a shoal over which there was about 4 feet of water at times. The depths in the channel through Barataria Bay varied from 4 to 17 feet. The course through the bay was marked by three fixed lights, one at the upper end of the bay at the mouth of Grand Bayou, one at the entrance to Bayou Rigault, and the other mark- ing the entrance to Grand Pass from the Gulf of Mexico. The majority of the traffic from the Mississippi River to Grand Isle passed from Big Barataria Bayou through Bayou Rigolettes, Harvey Cut-off, Lake Villere, Bayou St. Denis, Little Lake, and Grand Bayou to Barataria Bay, the controlling depth being about 4 feet at mean low water and practically nothing when strong northerly gales cause a lowering of the waters in Barataria Bay and adjacent bayous. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for dredging a channel 5 feet deep at mean low Gulf level and 50 feet wide on the bottom from the junction of Bayou Villars and Big Barataria Bayou to Grand Isle, a distance of 36.95 miles. The Secretary of War is authorized, in his discretion, to change the location of the route and increase the dimen- sions of the channel if the estimated cost of the improvement to the United States is not increased thereby. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is 12 inches at the mouth and zero at the head, 854 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 and the extreme range 24 inches and 12 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface near the mouth, due to hurricanes, has been as high as 6 feet. The estimated cost of new work, for a canal 5 by 40 feet along route No. 6, revised in 1924, is $87,500. As the di- mensions of the Intracoastal Waterway are only 5 by 40 feet, it was considered that a canal of these dimensions along route No. 6 would be preferable and less expensive than one of 5 by 50 feet along route No. 7. The estimated cost of maintenance, revised in 1924, is $8,000 for each of the first two years after completion of the work, and $5,000 annually thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 200, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The only published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local coopration.--The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands and easements required for the purpose of this improvement. Interested parties have secured the rights of way for the cut-off. Private parties and parish officials have secured by sub- scription the sum of $9,500 to dredge a canal along the north shore of Grand Isle, so as to avoid ithe shoal water in Bayou Rigault, which will form an extension of the route. Term inr facilities.-- Traffic on the waterway in question is mainly tributary to New Orleans. At the latter point there are extensive public docks and warehouses open to all commerce on equal terms. For the use of such boats as do not wish to, enter the. Mississippi River the Harvey Canal provides a small terminal, which is open to users ofi the canal without charge. On Bayou Barataria the only public wharf is at Lafitte, this being open to all commerce without charge. Throughout Barataria Bay there exist numerous structures known as shrimp-drying plat- forms, each being privately owned. Oysters, which constitute a large proportion of the tonnag~, are loaded from oyster boats di- rectly onto the freight boats, the latter being anchored in the bay. Along the banks of the bayou a few stores and farms have their pri- vate wharves, and where no wharves exist supplies can, if necessary, be landed on the banks. At Grand Isle, a truck-gardening community, a navigation district has been organized for the purpose of constructing a canal and wharves to facilitate the handling of the products. The plans are that this shall be a public improvement, open to all on equal termni and that the charges shall be only sufficient to pay for the work. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The advantages to be derived from the proposed improvement are great. The truck farming and fishing industries of Barataria Bay and vicinity are already large and are at present entirely dependent upon water transportation through tortu- ous and shallow bayous. Under present conditions the cost of trans- portation is considerable, and there is a large annual loss of perish- able commodities due to grounding of boats when wind conditions produce unusually low tides. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Title to the re- quired right of way was approved by the Assistant Attorney Gen- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA.. DISTRICT 855' eral on October 30, 1923.The U. S. dredge Grossetete began work on this improvement on December 27, 1923, at the mouth of Bayou Dupont, clearing this out for a distance of 8,350 feet. Work on the artificial cut to connect Bayou Dupont and Bayou Cutler was begun on January 19, 1924. Owing tol they soft nature, of the ground, it was decided to make the first cut of less than the project dimensions; by the time this pioneer cut has been completed, the banks will have solidified and dried out sufficiently to carry the weight of the re- mainder of the cut. A total length of 17,000 feet of this cut was made, to an average depth of minus 4 feet, and 1,450 feet were en- larged to full dimensions. The total amount of excavation has been 282,709 cubic yards, and there were removed 265 stumps and snags. The sum of $19,522.86 was expended during the fiscal year on new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 31 per cent completed. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf on June, 30, 1924, over portions of the natural waterway were: Mile 15.5 to mile 21.5, in Big Barataria Bayou, 13 feet; mile 21.5 to, mile 23.5, in Bayou Dupont, 5 feet; mile 31 to 34.7, in Bayou Cutler, 8 feet; in Bayou St. Denis, 10 feet; in Barataria Bay, mile 41.7 to mile 52.4, 4 feet. Mile 0 is at the intersection of the Harvey Canal and the Mississippi River. These depths are available throughout the year. The channel conditions are good except in Barataria Bay. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $27,681.75 for new work. Proposed operations.-During the fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to make the following expenditures in new work in continuing the dredging of a channel 5 by 40 feet by Government plant: Operation of one dredge $40, 000. 00 Supervision and office expenses 3, 318. 25 Total ...........-- 43, 318. 25 It is expected that the unexpended balance on July 1, 1924 ($43,318.25), will be, expended at the rate of about $3,600 per month, and that it will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The additional sum of $16,500 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1926, to continue and complete new work on the project by Government plant, as follows: Operation of one dredge__ $15, 000 Supervision and office expenses 1, 500 Total 16, 500 Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year I Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 . -. 195, 360 $10, 057, 286 500 1922 ... 059, 798 170, 596 $8, 500 1920 _ .. 168, 238 9,199, 566 300 1923 -.... 151, 558 7,623, 957 515 1921 _ . 206, 770 8, 064, 614 500 856 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIMY, 1924 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of shrimps, oysters, corn, molasses and sirup, onions, potatoes, sugar, crossties, logs, oil, fuel, ice, and miscellaneous. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.35: New work_ ----------------------------------------------- $27, 681.75 Maintenance-___ - Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------71, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work 1 $1, 093. 61 $5, 258.17 $1, 675. 45 $137. 01 $19, 522. 8 6 Expended for maintenance _ -- - -- Appropriated or allotted _______________________ 39, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ __ _ _ -- $23, 836. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923-------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924 __-- 35, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc.. during fiscal year 1924 -. 4. 60 62, 841. 11 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work - 19, 522. 86 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended - - - 43, 318. 25 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities_ 2, 381. 73 July 1, 1924, balance available ................... _ 40, 936. 52 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- - - 16, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for nw work -- - 16, 500. 00 10. BAYOU LAFOURCHE, LA. (C2) Location and description.-Priorto 1902 Bayou Lafourche was an outlet of the Mississippi River, its head being at Donaldsonville, La., 80 miles above New Orleans. It flows in a general southeasterly direction to the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of 107 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The stream is tidal, has a width of from 66 to 450 feet and a drainage area of 574 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 85 second-feet, at high water about 8,600 second-feet, and at average stage about 720 second-feet. Original condition.--Bayou Lafourche was obstructed with snags and a bar at the head, which occasionally went dry and completely separated the bayou from the Mississippi River. Throughout most of the bayou the depths were from 4 to 10 feet at low water. The 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, eltc. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND, HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 857 channel width varied from 66 feet rear the head to 450 feet at the mouth. The bayou was navigable at high-water periods for boats. Previous projects.-Based on report (Annual Report for 1874, p. 765), a project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 13, 1878, and modified in 1879 and 1884. Under the project of 1878 there was expended $29,920.39. Prior to this the sum of $2,500 was expended for surveys, making a total of $32,420.39 expended prior to the existing project, which was adopted in 1888. For further details of previous projects see page 1850 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a lock, the dimensions of which are not specified, at the head of the bayou and for dredging a channel having a bottom width of 75 feet and a depth of 5 feet below mean low Gulf through the entire stream, a distance of 107 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is 10 inches at the mouth and 2 or 3 inches at the head; the extreme range of tide is about 14 and 5 inches, respectively. A very severe hurricane has caused a rise in the tide of about 10 feet at the mouth and heavy rains and Mississippi River floods have caused a variation of water surface from 3 to 10 feet in the upper section. The estimate, adopted in 1888, for new work, exclusive of the amount expended under previous project, was $450,000, of which $240,000 was for dredging. The estimated cost of annual mainte- nance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. (Annual Report for 1886, p. 1266.) In 1896 the subproject for the expenditure of available funds provided for hold- ing the construction of the lock in abeyance and restricted operations to maintenance, at an estimated cost of $25,000. The river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902, authorized the joint organization of the Atchafalaya and Lafourche Basin levee boards to close the head of the bayou for two and one-half years, provided they would construct :a lock at the head and would maintain a channel 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide, and suitable turning basins, while the temporary dam was in place. The time for the construction of a lock was extended by acts of April 13, 1904, March 2, 1907, and March 4, 1915. The time limit set by the last acts is July 1, 1917. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2447 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended nodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.- The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, authorized the joint organization of the Atchafalaya Basin and the Lafourche Basin levee boards to close the head of the bayou for two and a half years, provided they would construct a lock at the head and maintain a channel 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide, with suitable turning basins, while the temporary dam was in place. Subsequent acts extended the time of removal of dam to July 1, 1917. The necessary lock site free of cost to the United States has been assured by interested parties. The above-mentioned levee boards have operated a dredge con- tinuously in Bayou Lafourche to maintain the 6 by 60 foot channel in accordance with one of the conditions of the permit to place the dam at the head of the stream, but have failed to construct the lock. Terminal facilities.-There are numerous private warehouses and wharves along Bayou Lafourche. The more important ones are 858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 located at Lockport, Lafourche Crossing, Raceland, Thibodaux, and Donaldsonville. At Lockport the Lower Lafourche Barge Line has an unloading device on their wharf which is used to transfer corn from barges directly to cars. At Lafourche Crossing, La., there is a simple conveyor, operated by steam, for hauling freight from the boats to the top of the bank. This conveyor is owned by the South- ern Pacific Railroad. At Thibodaux, La., the Percy Lobdell Co. owns a corn-unloading device used for transferring corn from barges to cars; no interchange of traffic exists at this point. Cane derricks. for unloading cane from barges are numerous and are scattered along the bayou. The terminal facilities existing are considered adequate. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The closure of the head of the bayou has: reduced the traffic on it. Operation and reslts d uring iscal year.--General supervision over the stream was exercised. The sum of $82.50, charged to main- tenance, was expended during the fiscal year for supervision and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging of the channel was com- pleted in 1896, but the lock has not yet been constructed. The con- trolling depths at mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1924, were: Mile 0 to 0.66, dry; mile 0.66 to mile 71, 5 feet; mile 71 to mile 107, 7 feet; over bar, 4.5 feet, available throughout the year. The channel is in fair condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 0.66,. Donaldsonville. The construction of the lock remains to be done before the project is completed. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $235,960.47, of which $220,515.09 was for new work, and $15,445.38 for maintenance. Proposed operations.It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1924 ($209.31), in maintenaince, for supervision and office expenses as may be necessary. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Com paratire stateme t Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 241, 249 $10, 510, 997 160 1922 171, 622 55, 101, 169 97 1920 232, 960 9, 854, 535 250 1923- ---- 138, 293 4, 827, 451 t) 1921---------. 257, 594 9, 264, 022 250 1 No passenger traffic reported. The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of cane, sugar: molasses: potatoes; sugar; oil, refined: petroleum and its products; miscellaneous. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 859 Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26.40: New work ._____-- $252, 935. 48 Maintenance _ _ _ __ 15, 445. 38 Net total expended -- 268, 380. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 268, 590. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work - _.- .. -... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . -. . -----. . .- --. . . .---.. - ------ Expended for maintenance 1..... $173.72 $216. 71 $108. 37 $45. 04 $82. 50 Appropriated or allotted ... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ __ _ _ __ _ ------ $291. 81 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 82. 50 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended -_____ -- ____ _____ -_ 209. 31 11. BAYOU TERREBONNE. LA. (C3) Location and description. Bayou Terrebonne has its headwaters in Lafourche Parish, near Thibodaux, La., and flows in a southerly direction, emptying into Terrebonne Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The length of the stream is 53 miles. Below Houma, La., which is 37 miles from the mouth, the stream has surface widths varying from 50 to 200 feet. Bayou Terre- bonne is a tidal stream and has a watershed area of 115 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 20 second-feet, at extreme high water about 1,200 second-feet, and at average stage 100 second-feet. Original condition.--In its natural condition at low water this stream was practically dry from its junction with Bayou Lafourche to Houma, La., a distance of 16 miles. At Houma it was not more than 10 feet in width by 6 inches in depth, until improved by private interests. Prior to 1880 the bayou was improved by private interests from a point 3 miles above Houma to some distance below the town. In 1880 for the first 13 miles below its head Bayou Terrebonne was practically dry. For the next 3 miles, from Bayou Cane to Houma, there existed a channel about 30 to 40 feet wide and 21/2 feet deep. From Houma to within 1 mile of its mouth, 36 miles, the stream had widths of 40 to 200 feet and depths of 4 to 8 feet, with the exception of shoals in the first 5 miles over which there were but 2 feet of water at low tide. In the last mile above its mouth the stream gradually deepened to over 20 feet. Consider- able commerce was carried on the stream as far up as Houma when the tide permitted. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, made the first appropriation. There was expended under this proj- ect the sum of $38,641.10. Under the emergency appropriation act of March 3, 1905, allotments aggregating $10,000 were made by the Secretary of War in 1909 and $8,422.73 was expended. The total 860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $47,063.83. For further details of previous projects see page 1851 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing prioject.-This project provides for a channel with a depth of 6 feet below mean low Gulf and with suitable width from deep water at Bush Canal, 12.9 miles from the mouth of the bayou, to the St. Louis Cypress Co.'s bridge at Houma, La., a distance of 24.11 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth and 4 inches at Houma, the extreme range of tide being about 14 inches and 6 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in the upper portion of Bayou Terrebonne is from 3 to 4 feet, due to floods; in the lower portion from 1 to 3 feet, due to wind and tide. The estimate, adopted in 1910, for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $50,000, increased in 1912 to $75,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present project (H. Doc. No. 1163, 60th Cong.. 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, amended by the act of March 4, 1913, provided that no ex- pense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of improvement. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2449 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe terms of the appropriating clause Congress provided that no portion of the appropriation shall be ex- pended until title to any land required for the purpose of this im- provement shall have been deeded to the United States free of cost. The river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, amended this pro- vision by providing that the right of way for the additional width required for excavation and for depositing dredged material shall be given by local interests free of cost to the United States. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, further changed the proviso, so that the present requirement is that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the pur- pose of improvement. The necessary easements have been obtained from the riparian landowners. Terminal facilities.-There is a small private wharf at Montegut, La., and several small ones at Houma. In general, boats land and discharge their freight on the bank. At the town of Houma there is an interchange of freight between the Daigle Barge Line and the Southern Pacific Railroad; through rates apply on the bayou. The Daigle Co. owns a well-constructed covered wharf; five South- ern Pacific spur tracks lead to this wharf; unloading is effected by means of two inclined unloading conveyors of the endless-chain variety operated by steam. Barrels or sacks are carried from the barges by means of the conveyors to the top of the wharf and are loaded directly into cars. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for the present commerce. There are no wharves open to the public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement, naviga- tion on the bayou has been made easier and more reliable. RIVERS AND IHARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 861 Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General super- vision over the stream was exercised. The sum of $10.67, charged to maintenance, was expended during the fiscal year for super- vision and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1924, was 6 feet over the whole project distance, available throughout the year. The channel is in fair condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at Houma. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $75,607.54, of which $73,024.88 was for new work, and $2,582.66 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1924 ($392.46), in maintenance, for super- vision and office expenses, as may be necessary. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919 .......----------- 171, 953 5, 928, 915 1, 160 1922---------- 161, 381 6, 377, 039 364 1920 ......-----------. 163, 205 6, 597, 125 1, 250 1923_- -,_-. 90, 191 4, 829, 761 33 1921.......----------- 150, 537 5, 575,803 1, 000 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally' of oysters, cane, sugar, molasses, potatoes, sugar, logs, oil, fuel, petrol- eum and its products, fertilizer, ice, and miscellaneous. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $249.61: New work ---------------------------------------------- $120, 088. 71 Maintenance -------------------------- 2, 582. 66 Net total expended-------------------------------------122, 671. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report'----------------------- 123, 063. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1922 1924 Expended for new work----_ --.. - ---.. , .. -- -- Expended for maintenance 1. . $1, 192. 18 $361.73 $39. 52 $14. 68 $10.67 Appropriated or allotted - - -- - -.- - - - - - - - - 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------- $403. 13 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 10. 67 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------- 392. 46 862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 12. BAYOU PLAQUEMINE. GRAND RIVER, AND PIGEON BAYOUS. LA. (C4) Location and description.-Bayou Plaquemine lies in the south- central part of Louisiana and connects with the Mississippi River by Plaquemine Lock, 112 miles above New Orleans, La. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 111.) The waterway from Plaquemine to Morgan City. La., consists of Bayou Plaquemine, 10.6 miles; Grand River (one of the channels of the Atchafalaya River), 19.4 miles; Bay Natchez. 6 miles; Little Goddel and Big Goddel, 6 miles; Belle River, 9 miles; Bayou Long, 7.3 miles; Flat Lake and Drews Pass to Berwick Bay, 3.2 miles; and thence by the Atchafalaya River to Morgan City, 2.5 miles. Pigeon Bayous consist of Pigeon Bayou and Little Pigeon Bayou and connects Grand River with Grand Lake. The entire waterway from Plaque- mine to Morgan City, about 64 miles in length, is included in the project. Pigeon Bayous, with an aggregate length of about 26 miles, are also included. The general direction of flow is southerly. This waterway is tidal during the low-water season and has widths varying from 90 to over 1,500 feet. The watershed area of the Atchafalaya River above Morgan City is about 4,000 square miles. The discharge (not including flow from the Mississippi River) at low water is 600 second-feet, at high water 100,000 second-feet, and at average stage 5,000 second-feet. Original condition.-Bayou Plaquemine was an outlet of the Mis- sissippi River. An examination in 1880 showed the upper Plaque- mine to be obstructed with logs and stumps and sawmill refuse, and so shoal in places in the first 5 miles of its length as to be dry at low water. The width below this point, for a distance of 5.6 miles, was from 55 to 360 feet, and the depth from 3 to 32 feet at low water. Grand River and Pigeon Bayous were much obstructed with stumps, logs, fallen and overhanging trees, and rafts, but had in general a good depth, except in one reach of Grand River known as Bay Natchez, where only 4 to 41/2 feet existed. Flat Lake at the lower end of Grand River had depths from 4 to 41/2 feet at low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing projects.-This provides for a water route from the lower Atchafalaya River to the Mississippi River at Plaquemine, a distance of 64 miles, to be secured by dredging a channel 95 feet wide and 10 feet deep at low water, and removing obstructions along the route; removing obstructions in Big and Little Pigeon Bayous for a dis- tance of 26 miles; the construction of a lock; and for securing the head of the bayou against caving banks. The lock is located in the town of Plaquemine, at the head of Bayou Plaquemine, 112 miles from New Orleans, La., via Mississippi River. It has solid concrete walls and floors resting upon a pile foundation. It has four sets of steel operating gates and one set of :steel guard gates. The principal dimensions of the lock are: Length between miter sills, 298 feet 7 inches; clear width, 55 feet; depth over .sills at low water. 10 feet. * The lift depends upon the stage of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT' 863 river, ranging from 0 to 28 feet. The lock was completed in 1909, at a cost of $1,302,006.38. Under ordinary conditions during low water the mean range of tide at Morgan City is 10 inches and at Plaquemine 3 inches, the extreme range being about 15 inches and 6 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface in Bayou Plaquemine and upper Grand River, due to floods from the Atchafalaya River, is from 3 to 14 feet; in lower Grand River and Flat Lake, due to tide and Atchafalaya River flood water, from 2 to 5 feet. Mean low water in Bayou Plaquemine is 1.24 feet above mean low Gulf. The estimate of cost for new work, adopted in 1888, was $1,708,250; increased in 1905 to $1,740,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the general project (S. Ex. Doc. No. 121, 49th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1887, p. 1405) ; the act of July 13, 1892, and subsequent acts authorized the use of funds in the improvement of the Pigeon Bayous; the act of March 3, 1905, increased the estimate of cost to $1,740,000. On April 10, 1899, the rectification of Bayou Plaquemine and excavation of a channel from Plaquemine to Morgan City, with bottom width of 95 feet and depth of 10 feet, by dredging and re- moving snags and other obstructions was authorized. The act of March 2, 1907, appropriated $100,000 for the< construction of a dredge and maintenance. The latest published map is printed op- posite page 2442, Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal 'facilities.-The Consolidated Grocery Co., of Plaque- mine, has a warehouse with wharf, unloading devices, and railroad connections. There is a private coaling wharf at Indian Village, the Texas & Pacific Railroad spur tracks leading to this wharf and mechanical handling appliances being used. There are a few very small private warehouses on the waterway. There are several sawmills on Bayou Plaquemine, all equipped with log slips operated by steam for hauling logs from the bayou to the mill. There is con- siderable commerce on the bayou and at Plaquemine. There are wharves located at Morgan City, at which place there are several small private wharves and two large and three small public wharves open to use of all without charge. There are no warehouses needed, as the business section is on the river front and all freight is trans- ferred directly from boats to stores. The terminal facilities are con- ,sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see IH. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel has been deepened from 4 to 9 feet in Flat Lake and in other portions of the waterway, mak- ing navigation easier and safer. Operations during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the waterway was exercised. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.X The work of securing the head of Bayou Plaquemine against caving was completed in 1894; the 10710--ENG 1924-55 864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 lock was completed in 1909; approaches, fill, and dredging were completed in 1911, thus completing the project. The lock is in good condition. The controlling depths on June 30, 1924, were: Mile 0 (foot of Plaquemine Lock) to mile 2.6, 10 feet; mile 2.6 to mile 7.8, 7 feet; mile 7.8 to mile 24.6, 10 feet; mile 24.6 to mile 30, 9 feet; mile 30 to mile 36, 7 feet; mile 36 to mile 58.3, 12 feet; mile 58.3 to mile 62, 9 feet; mile 62 to mile 64, 30 feet; Big Pigeon Bayou, 8 feet, 5 feet at Grand Lake entrance; Little Pigeon Bayou, 7 feet in stream, 5 feet at Grand Lake entrance, available through- out the year. From mile 0 to mile 58.3, depths are referred to mean low water, corresponding to reading of 10 feet on the Bayou Plaquemine gauge at the lock; from mile 58.3 to mile 64, depths are referred to mean low Gulf. The condition of the channel is good except from mile 2.6 to mile 7.8, and from mile 30 to mile 36. The waterway is navigable for boat traffic its entire length. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $2,090,830.87, of which $1,884,035.64 was for new work, and $246,795.23 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1924 ($45,000), in maintenance of the chan- nel in Bayou Plaquemine, and in removing overhanging trees in the narrow portions of the Plaquemine Waterway, between mile 16 and 40 below Plaquemine Lock, and in part payment for new boilers for the U. S. dredge Delatour, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Delatour- - -... $35, 000 Proportion of cost of new boilers ------------------------------- 7, 000 Supervision and office expenses --------------------------------- 3, 000 Total -- ------------------ 45, 000 All of this expenditure will be charged to maintenance. It is ex- pected that the available funds will be expended at the rate of about $7,000 per month, beginning with August 1, 1924, and that they will be exhausted by November 30, 1924. The additional sum of $15,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1926, in maintenance dredging of the channel by Government plant, as follows: Operation of one dredge -- -- - _---$14, 000 Supervision and office expenses-- ----------------------------- 1, 000 Total -------------- -------------------------------- 15, 000 This waterway is now used more extensively than formerly, and the requirements of commerce demand better maintenance than has been required heretofore. The upper 6 miles of the waterway will be dredged, and other portions which have received little mainte- nance work since the completion of the original project. For the past three years, conditions as to overhanging trees have been growing worse, and these trees now constitute a serious menace to naviga- tion. It is planned to remove the overhanging trees with the crew of the dredge used to improve this waterway. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 865 Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Passengers Short tons Value Passengers 1919-----------........... 667, 388 $13, 099, 688 500 1922----------.......... 538, 776 $13, 359, 401 372 1920- -.... - 665, 497 12, 903, 401 1, 000 1923 --.......... 320, 767 8, 406, 947 139 1921----------- 686, 866 13, 971. 961 549 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of rice, sugar, logs, lumber, oil, fuel, miscellaneous and miscellaneous merchandise. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 5 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,470.35: New work--- ------------------------------- $1, 844,035. 64 Maintenance--------------------------------------------- 246, 795. 23 Net total expended ------------------------------------ 2, 090, 830. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 2, 135, 830. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work--------------------------------- Expended for maintenance 1-- --- 26,797. 00 $1,401. 91 $19, 495.73 $23,339. 19 --------- Appropriated or allotted------...--------------- 18,000. 00 20, 000. 00 ---------- $45, 000 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 7, 1924----------------------- $45, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, balance unexpended------------------------------- 45, 000. 00 July 1, 1924, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 6, 000.00 July 1, 1924, balance available -------------------------------- 39,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, for maintenance_--------------------------- 215, 000. 00 13. BAYOU GROSSETETE, LA. (C5) Location and description.-Bayou Grossetete rises in Pointe Cou- pee Parish, La., and extends in a generally southeastern direction, entering Bayou Plaquemine 8 miles below Plaquemine Lock. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 for mouth, and Geological Survey map, Bayou Sara Quadrangle (La.) for the bayou above the improvement.) The length of the stream is about 40 miles and the length of the section under improvement is 29 miles, extending from the mouth to 5 miles above Maringouin, La. The width varies from 40 :feet in the upper portions to 300 feet at the Nott deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2" Exclusive of available funds. 866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 mouth. The stream is partly tidal at low water and has a watershed area of approximately 520 square miles. The discharge at low water is 78 second-feet, at high water 7,800 second-feet, and at average stage 650 second-feet. Original condition.-This stream was badly obstructed by over- hanging trees, logs, trestles, and sand bars. During low water the stream was navigable for only 21/2 miles above the mouth. The first trestle at mile 12 had no, opening wider than 16 feet. At mile 20 there was a trestle with no openings of any kind for navigation. Near .the 23-mile point there was located a sawmill, which used the bayou as a storage pond for logs, closing the stream to navigation. From the mouth to the head of proposed improvement (about the 29-mile point) the depth varied from a few inches to, 10 feet at mean low water, with widths of 40 to 100 feet in the central and upper por- tions and over 300 feet near the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for improving the stream for a distance of 29 miles from its mouth to a point 5 miles above Marin- gouin, La., by removing snags and trees and by dredging a channel 60 feet wide on bottom and 5 feet deep at mean low water. Mean low water is 2 feet above mean low Gulf level. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, and the extreme range about 6 inches at the mouth. The variation of water surface due to flood conditions may be from 2 to 8 feet. The estimate of cost adopted in 1912 was $18,000 for new work and $500 for annual maintenance; the estimate for new work was increased in 1914 to $30,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 348, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2540 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on the bayou. The banks are firm and high. The steamboats and launches operating on the stream are provided with gangplanks and unload their cargoes at any desired point, carrying the freight by hand into the stores, which are generally on the bank of the bayou. There are a few small cane hoists along the bayou and a large one at Slack's mill for unloading cane from barges. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a. full description of terminal fa- cilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The stream has been cleared of its great- est hindrances to navigation, namely, shoals, snags, and overhanging trees, which prevented traffic at low stage, of water. It is now pos- sible for the bayou craft to operate for 29 miles at all seasons of the year. The barging of cane, which occurs during the low-water period, has greatly increased and extended to, points on the upper Grossetete. Other products can be brought to market more easily and the towage of lumber will be uninterrupted. Operations and results during fscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. Between August 13 and November RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 867 17, 1923, the United States dredge Grossetete redredged and snagged a channel 5 by 40 feet from mile 20 to the head of the project and at points near miles 18 and 11, a total distance of 18,325 feet. There were removed 88,809 cubic yards. of material and 1,411 snags, logs, and other obstructions. The sum of $10,005.42 was expended dur- ing the fiscal year, charged to maintenance, as follows: Dredging by United States dredge Grossetete, including share of cost of new electric-light plant---- --------------------- $9, 993. 19 Supervision and office expenses --------------------------------- 12. 23 Total ---------------------- 10, 005. 42 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 60 per cent completed, that portion of the stream above mile 10.3 re- maining to be dredged 20 feet wider. A channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide on bottom was completed in 1914, and from that point to the head of the project a 5 by 40 foot channel was dredged in 1916 and redredged in 1923. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1924, from the mouth to the head of the project, was 5 feet, available throughout the year. The channel is in good condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 29. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $46,000, of which $29,392.49 was for new work and $16,607.51 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available. No funds are required for the fiscal year 1926, as no work is con- templated. Comnmercial statistics. A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement Total Total Calendar year Calendar year Short tons Value Short tons Value 1919.___________ __- __ 229, 879 $2, 019, 172 1922 . ._________________ 162, 927 $1,403, 757 1920 ---- ...... _....... 172, 035 1,630,407 1923...-------------------- 142, 208 1, 332, 487 1921 ------------------- 154, 467 1, 468, 949 The tonnage for the calendar year 1923 consisted principally of cane, sugar; logs; and lumber. The draft of vessels varied from 2 to 4 feet. Financial summary Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1924, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $202.94: New work__------------------------------------------- ---- $29, 392. 49 Maintenance------------------- ----- ---------- __ 16, 607. 51 Net total expended-------- - 46, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report - 46, 000. 00 868 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 Fiscal year ending June 30 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Expended for new work-- Expended for maintenance .... $75. 00 - $57. 70- -------.- - $18. 43 $10, 005. 42 Appropriated or allotted -------------~.. ----- - -- $5, 000. 00 5,000. 00 ___ --- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___ $10, 004. 54 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1924_________________ .88 June 30, 1924, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 10, 005. 42 14. BAYOU TECHE, LA. (C6) Location and description.- Bayou Teche has its source in Bayou Courtableau in St. Landry Parish and flows in a southeasterly direc- tion a distance of 125 miles to where it joins the lower Atchafalaya River, about 101/2 miles above Morgan City, La. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The portion under improve- ment is from its mouth to Arnaudville, La., a distance of 1061/2 miles. Bayou Teche is tidal to Keystone Lock, and above that lock varies with the pool level. The bayou has surface widths of 50 to 350 feet, and a watershed area of 320 square miles. The discharge near Key- stone Lock at high water is about 8,250 second-feet and at low water about 32 second-foot. Original condition.-Bayou Teche was navigable during high water to its head at Bayou Courtableau. An examination in 1880 showed the bed of the stream just below Bayou Courtableau to be several feet above low-water stage and in places overgrown with trees and underbrush. The stream has been shoaling for years, due to sediment carried into it from drainage ditches and the washing of banks. There was formerly a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water to St. Martinville, 751/2 miles above its mouth, which was obstructed with logs, snags, fallen and overhanging trees, and wrecks. At high water boats ascended to Breaux Bridge, about 15 miles farther. Previous projects.-The first examination of Bayou Teche was undertaken under authority of the river and harbor act, March 2, 1829. The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and appropriations made from time to time thereafter until the adoption of the existing project by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. Prior to the adoption of the project of 1870, $700 was expended for surveys. The amount expended under the project of 1870 was $45,004.48 for new work, making a total expenditure of $45,704.43 prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1890. For further details of previous project see page 1851, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide on the bottom from the mouth of stream to New Iberia, La., 54.5 miles, thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on the bottom to Keystone Lock, 18 miles, and thence 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the bottom to Arnaudville, La., 34 miles, to be secured by dredging, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND IHARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT 869 removing snags and overhanging trees, and construction of a lock and dam and other regulating works. The plane of reference is mean Gulf level. The lock is at Keystone Plantation, 721/2 miles above the mouth of the bayou and 4 miles above New Iberia, La., by road or 181/2 miles by water. It consists of partly solid and partly reinforced concrete walls and floor on pile foundation and has two sets of timber miter gates, a length between miter sills of 183 feet 103/4 inches, a clear width of 36 feet, a depth over sill at mean Gulf of 8 feet, and a lift of 8 feet. The dam is of the timber rock-filled type, 175 feet long, with a crest 8 feet above mean Gulf level, and rests on a pile foundation. The lock and dam were completed June 30, 1913, at a cost of $257,720.48. An auxiliary dam about 5 miles from Arnaudville, La., across Bayou Vermilion, 135 feet from the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Borbeaux, controlling the flow be- tween Bayous Teche and Vermilion, is 73 feet long with a 28-foot soillway. There are also four controlling gates, each 31/2 feet in the clear, in Spanish Lake Canal, between Bayou Teche and Spanish Lake, about 1 mile from Keystone Lock, La. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches at the mouth, 4 inches just below the lock, and zero above the lock, the extreme range of tide being about 12 inches, 6 inches, and zero, respectively. The variation of the water surface in Bayou Teche above Keystone Lock due to freshets is from 2 to 7 feet, while just below the lock it has been as high as 12 or 15 feet and near the mouth about 4 or 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1921, is $727,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects; the latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000 for the section from the mouth to Keystone Lock; there is no approved esti- mate for the section from Keystone Lock to Arnaudville, La. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, pro- vided for the limitation of expenditure of funds by the improve- ment of the stream from its mouth to St. Martinville by removing snags and other obstructions and by dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 1532); the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for the construction of the lock and dam and the extension of the improvement to Arnaudville (H. Doc. No. 527, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the increased channel dimensions from the mouth to Keystone Lock (H. Doc. No. 1329, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 288, Sixty-sixth 'Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Expenditurefor 6-foot navigation to Arnaud- ville, La., was " contingent upon all lands necessary for lock and dam purposes and canal feeders being deeded to the United States free of cost, and upon the United States being secured against pos- sible claims for damages resulting from the overflow of lands by reason of lock and dam improvement or from the draining of Span- ish Lake." The land for lock and dam site was deeded to the United States in 1909. Personal bonds, dated August 4, 1909, were given to the amount of $10,000 to secure the United States against the above-mentioned claims and were accepted September 29, 1909. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided "that no expense 870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1924 shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands or easements required for the purpose of this improvement." Terminal facilities.-Between the mouth and Breaux Bridge there are a few small private wharves. Steamboats operating on the bayou load or discharge their cargo directly on the banks by means of a gangplank. The sugar refineries, which are numerous, gen- erally have warehouses on the bayou bank with small wharves lead- ing to the water's edge. There are several small cane derricks; at the refineries there are generally large crane hoists or aerial tram- ways operated by steam or electricity for transferring cane from barges to the refineries. Just above Franklin, La., at